AN ASSESSMENT OF STRENGHT PROPERTIES OF. Diti Hengchaovanich and Nimal S. Nilaweera 1
|
|
- Monica Peters
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 ANASSESSMENTOFSTRENGHTPROPERTIESOF VETIVERGRASSROOTSINRELATIONTOSLOPE STABILIZATION DitiHengchaovanichandNimalS.Nilaweera 1 Introduction Vetivergrass(Vetiveriazizanioides)hasbeenutilizedto reducesoilerosioninmanycountriesthroughouttheworldfora longtime.itiswellunderstoodthattherootpropertiesofvetiver grass can help reduce soil erosion and strengthen slope stability when planted properly. Vetiver hedgerows cultivated across slope soil can block the passage of soil particles and developterracesbetweenthehedgesenhancingstabilityofthe slope. Some previous studies on vetiver have elucidated the morphological properties of the root and their qualitative significance for erosion control and slope stabilization (Grimshaw1994;Yoon1994).Theyemphasizetheearly developingdeeplypenetrating(sometimesupto3.5m)fibrous root system of vetiver and its capability of anchoring themselvesfirmlyintoslopesoilprofiles.however,thestrength properties of vetiver root, which also play an important role in terms of erosion control and slope stabilization by means of theirinfluencesontheshearstrengthofslopesoilhasnotyet been adequately understood. When a plant root penetrates across a potential shear surface in a soil profile, the distortion oftheshearzonedevelopstensionintheroot;thecomponent of this tension tangential to the shear zone directly resists shear, while the normal component increases the confining pressure on the shear plane. Therefore it is essential to determine tensile root strength properties in the process of
2 evaluating a plant species as a component in slope stabilization. Recently, in Malaysia the vetiver hedgerow technique starts to gain popularity in erosion control and slope stabilization. It has been and will be used to stabilize several roadembankmentsoftheeast-westhighwayandsomeother road projects. Simultaneously, attempts have been made to analyze the effects of vetiver root on slope stabilization and erosion control. This paper discusses the tensile root strength of vetiver and its contribution to soil strength through experimentsontensilerootdeterminationsandroot-permeated soil shearing, which are a part of ongoing research especially designed to access both root strength properties and morphological parameters of roots in relation to slope stability anderosioncontrol 1 EroconSdn.Bhd.,KualLumpur,Malaysia TensileRootStrengthorVitiverGrass Forthedeterminationoftensilerootstrength,matureroot specimens were sampled from two-year-old vetiver plants grownonanembankmentslope.thespecimensweretestedin freshconditionlimitingthetimeelapsedbetweenthesampling and the testing to two hours maximum. The unbranched and straight root samples, about cm long, were vertically connected to hanging spring balance via a wooden clamp at one end while the other end was fixed to a holder that was pulled down manually until the root failed. At failure, the maximum load was monitored. Subsequently, the mode of failure was examined for each sample and the results of endsheared samples and those with unusually altered rupture points were discarded. To calculate the tensile root strength, the root diameter without bark was used since the bark failed
3 before the root due to its weaker strength properties, and eventually the total tensile stress transferred to the root core. About 80 vetiver root specimens of different diameter classes varying from 0.2 to 2.2 mm were tested and the results were interpreted as the ultimate tensile force and tensile strength in relationtorootdiameterwithoutbark. The ultimate root tensile force against the root diameter plot for the vetiver roots is presented in Fig. 1. The power regression analysis of the relationship between the ultimate roottensileforceandtherootdiameterprovidesthebestfitwith thefollowingequation: F1=46.93d (1) whereisf 1 -ultimatetensilerootforce,and d-therootdiameter Thispowerregressionfunctioncanbeusedtopredictthe ultimate tensile force of a vetiver root with known diameter. A comparison of tensile resistance of vetiver roots with those of somehardwoodspeciesismadeinfig.2.theultimatetensile root forces versus root diameter relationships for Japanese ceder, Dipterocarpus alatus, and Rocky Moutain Douglas fir wereobtainedfromearlyworksofabeandiwamoto(1986), Nilaweera(1994),andBurroughsandThomas(1977) respectively. The comparison clearly indicates that the tensile resistance of vetiver roots is as high as that of the hardwood vegetation,sometimesevenhigher,contrarytothefactthatitis agrassspecies. The tensile strength of the root is defined as the ultimate tensile root force divided by the cross-sectional area of the unstressed root. If the tensile root strength is constant for vetiver roots, the ultimate tensile force, F 1, should be proportionaltod 2.AccordingtothefunctiongivenbyEquation (1),F1isproportionaltod implyingthatthetensileroot
4 strengthdecreaseswiththeincreaseinrootdiameter.figure3 illustrates the actual relationship between tensile root strength androotdiameter.thetensilerootstrength,ts,decreaseswith theincreasingrootdiameter,d,followingthepowerregression relationship. Ts=59.80d (2) Similar relationships were reported from many previous works on hardwood roots. This phenomenon implies that stronger, finer roots provide higher resistance than largerdiameter roots with comparatively low tensile strength for a givenrootcross-sectionalareaofspecies.accordingtofig.3, thetensilestrengthofvetiverrootsvariesfrom180to40mpa fortherangeofrootdiameterof mm.themeantensile strengthisabout75mpaat mmrootdiameterwhichis themostcommondiameterclassforvetiverroots.comparedto many hardwood roots, the average tensile strength of vetiver grassisveryhigh.eventhoughsomehardwoodrootsprovide highertensilestrengthvaluesthantheaveragetensilestrength of vetiver roots in the root diameter class of mm, their average tensile strength values are lower since the average rootdiameterismuchhigherthanthatofvetiverroots. DirectShearTestsonVetiverRoot-PermeatedSoil Roots of trees and other vegetation provide a reinforcing effect to soil through tensile resistance and frictional or adhesionalproperties.thereinforcingeffectortheincreaseof shear strength in soil due to roots can be quantified by conduction in-situ direct shear tests on root permeated and root-free soils at the same location. The difference between shear strength values of root-permeated soil and root-free soil sheared under the same conditions gives the shear strength increase due to the roots. In order to determine the root-
5 reinforcement effect of vetiver grass, large-scale direct shear testswereperformedonaslopedsoilprofileofanembankment vegetated with vetiver. The test apparatus comprised a shear box,ahydraulicjackingsystem,aprovingringanddialgages. Theshearboxwasmadeof8mmthicksteelplatescapableof holding firmly a soil block of 50 cm x 50 cm x 50 cm in dimensions.ahydraulicjackingsystemwithcapacityof10tons produced the shear load through the proving ring of 3 tons of measuringcapacitywhichcontrolledtheshearforcewhilefour dialgagesmeasuringthesheardisplacement(fig.4). Thetestplantswereselectedfroma50-cm-longvetiver hedgerowthatusuallyincludes3plantsplantedataspacingof 15cm.Thesoilsurroundingtheplantswasremovedleavinga 50cmx50cmx25cmroot-permeatedsoilblockcenteringthe hedgerow.subsequently,theshearboxwassetsoastocover the soil block and the loading and displacement measuring systemswereassembled.thesoilblockwith25cmheightthen sheared horizontally towards the slope direction under stresscontrolled-condition. After shearing, the shear surface and the orientation of failed roots were examined carefully in order to estimatethesheardistortionduringfailure.itwasobservedthat theaveragesheardistortionduringfailurewasabout30º.the totalcross-sectionalrootareaontheshearplaneandthebulk weight of roots in the sheared soil block were measured in order to determine the root area ratio and the biomass, respectively. This procedure was followed for each 25 cm of depthundertheentirevetiverhedgerowlengthof50cmupto 1.5m depth. For each depth level of shearing, a root-free soil profile adjacent to the root-permeated soil profile was also sheared under the same shearing conditions. Each soil block wasshearedunderitsself-weightasthenormalload.thebulk density of test soil was determined before each test for a
6 comparisonofthenormalloadontheroot-permeatedsoilblock with that on the counterpart root-free soil block. Each pair of testswasmadeunderequal,normalstressconditions. Table 1. Shear strength increase in soil profile due to root penetrationoftwo-year-oldvetiverplantswithspacing15cmin ahedgerowof50cmlength Depth DR AR Ar/A S % S S(kN/m 2 ) (m) (kg/m 3 ) (mm 2 ) X10-4 (kn/m 2 ) DR bulkweightofrootinunitsoilvolume,ar rootareaon shearsurface, A area of the shear surface, S shear strength increase in soilduetoroots, S-shearstrengthincreaseinsoildueto1cm 2 rootarea. The test results were processed in order to obtain the relationship between the shear stress and shear displacement foreachtest.figure5presentstheshear-stressversussheardisplacement curves, each plot representing the relationships forroot-permeatedandroot-freesoilsforeach0.25mofdepth up to 1.5 m of root penetration. The difference between the maximumshearstressofroot-permeatedsoilandthatofrootfree soil at a particular depth is defined as the shear strength increaseinsoilduetothepresenceofvetiverroots( S). Accordingtothetestresults,itisobviousthatthepenetrationof vetiverrootsinasoilprofileincreasestheshearstrengthofsoil significantly. For each test depth, the shear strength increase,
7 the corresponding root cross-sectional area, and the bulk root weightperunitvolumeofsoilweredeterminedandtabulatedin Table1.The svaluedecreaseswithindepthfrom8.90kn/m 2 at0.25mdepthto1.82kn/m 2 at1.50mdepthdependingon the number of roots penetrating through the shear surface. A comparison of the variation of s and the root cross-sectional area on the shear surface in given in Fig. 6 for the depth of root-penetration. The vetiver root penetration of a 2-year-old hedgerow with 15 cm plant spacing can increase the shear strengthofsoilinanadjacent25-cm-widestripby90%at0.25 m depth. At 0.5 m the shear strength increase is about 39% and is then gradually reduced to 12.5% at 1.50 m depth. The shearstrengthincreasedueto1cm 2 rootarea( s)is calculatedforeachtestdepthandpresentedintable1.the s valuevariesveryslightlywithanaverageof5.1kn/m 2 forthe analyzedroot-penetrationdepth. Discussion Theoretically,theaveragetensilestrengthofrootscanbe used to compute the shear strength increase in soil due to penetration of roots across a shear plane. The computation adapts the simple model of root-reinforced soil subjected to directshear(wu,1976).accordingtothismodel,thetensile forcethatdevelopsintherootswhenthesoilisshearedcanbe resolved into a tangential component which directly resists shear and a normal component which increases the confining stressontheshearplane.themodelsimplyassumesthatthe rootsarefullymobilizedduringshearing.themobilizedtensile resistance in the roots translates into an increase in shear strengthinthesoilasexpressedbythefollowingequation: s=tr[cosθtanφ+sinθ] (3)
8 Whereare: θ angleoesheardistortion φ angleofinternalfriction tr average tensile strength of roots per area unitofsoil Theaveragetensilestrengthofrootsperareaunitofsoil can be determined by multiplying the average tensile strength oftheroots(tr)bythefractionofthesoilcross-section occupiedbyroots,ortherootarearatio(ar/a). UsingTR=75MPa,φ=30ºandθ=30º,theincreasein theshearstrengthinthesoilduetovetiverrootwascalculated foreachtestdepthandtabulatedintable2withexperimental results. Table2.Theexperimentalandcomputed svaluesatvariable depths. Depth,m s,kn/m 2 s,kn/m 2 (experimental) (computed) Thecomputed svaluesareabout3timesashighasthe values obtained from the field experiments. The disparity between svaluesobtainedfromexperimentsandcomputation can be attributed to assumptions made on the rootreinforcementmodelandthenatureofrootspecimensusedin the tensile tests. During shearing of root-permeated soil, the
9 tensile strength of each and every root was not mobilized completely as assumed in the model. Some roots were pulled outcompletelyorpartlybyaruptureatafinerpointbelowthe shear surface providing a lower resistance to shearing than expected. Even though the root penetration of vetiver is generally vertical, as assumed in the model, some root orientationsobliquetotheshearsurfacecangiverisetolower shear-strength increase in soil. In actual conditions, the root crookedness, jointing and the presence of young roots yield lower svaluesthanthoseexpectedfromstraight,unbranched andmaturerootwhicharestrongerthantheformer. Thought the adaptation of the root reinforcement model does not compute the shear strength increase directly, an estimationofshear-strengthincreasecanbemadebydividing thecomputedvaluesbyafactorof3forvetiver-root-permeated soil with the angle of internal friction of 30º. Furthermore, the correlation of s with the root area ratio and bulk root weight perunitofsoilvolumeclearlyindicatelinearrelationshipswhich canbeusedtopredicttheshearstrengthincreaseinsoildueto vetiverroots(fig7).thevalue sincreaseslinearlywiththe root area ratio in the order of 2.7 x 10 4 for vetiver grass. The relationship between the s and bulk root weight per volume unit of soil indicates some positive intercept of shear-strength increaseowingtothenatureofrootsandrootpenetrationwith depth.atshallowerdepths,thefractionsofrootweightgivenby obliquelyorientedrootsandbytherootsterminatingbeforethe shear zone are higher than those at deeper levels. Therefore, atshallowdepthstherootweightisnotdirectlyproportionalto the s value. As a consequence, a positive intercept in the relationshipbetweenthe svalueandthebulkrootweightper area unit of soil appears though the intercept should be theoreticallyzero.foraknownroot-arearatiooraknownbulk
10 weightofrootspervolumeunitofsoil,theserelationshipscan be used to predict the s value instead of rather difficult and expensivedirectsheartests.carefullyextrudedrootsystemsof vetiverplantsbywaterjettingcanbeusedtodeterminetheroot areaandtherootweightatdifferentdepthsofrootpenetration. In the present study, the shear-strength increase in the soil by the root penetration of a vetiver hedgerow at different depthsofupto1.5mwasdeterminedfora0.5mwidestripof soil across the slope. In general, for a 1 m-wide hedgerow spacingthese svaluescanbeuseddirectlyatrelevantdepth intervals throughout the slope. However, for greater hedgerow spacings the s values should be corrected according to the pertaining areas of influence. It was unable to investigate the influenceofvetiverrootsontheshearstrengthofsoilbelow1.5 depthduetothedifficultiesencounteredduringexcavationand the setting-up of testing equipment. Field evidences indicate thatagradualandslowdecreaseinrootpenetrationwithdepth after the upper most 0.5 m where a rapid decrease in root penetration occurs. According to the trend of the s decrease withdepthitcanbepredictedthatashear-strengthincreaseof about1kn/m 2 at2mdepthbelowthevetiverhedgerowtakes place. Conclusion The tensile root strength properties of vetiver grass in association with its inherited morphological root characteristics improve the resistance of soil slopes to shallow mass stability andsurfaceerosion.thetensilestrengthofvetiverrootsisas strongas,orevenstrongerthan,thatofmanyhardwoodroots which have been proven positive for root reinforcement in soil slopes. The root tensile strength of vetiver decreases with the increase of root diameter as in the case of hardwood roots.
11 Compares to hardwood vegetation, the smeller average root diameterofvetiverfurnishesaveryhighmeantensilestrength (75MPa),indicatingthatvetivergrassismoreeffectualinroot reinforcementinsoilslopes.thepenetrationoffineandstrong vetiverrootsinasoilprofilecanincreasetheshearstrengthof soilsignificantlyatshallowdepths.theshearstrengthincrease in soil due to the root penetration of a 2-year-old vetiver hedgerowwithplantspacingof15cmvariesfrom90%at0.25 m depth to 1.25 % at 1.50 m depth. The shear-strength increase in soil due to vetiver roots can be approximated by using the average tensile root strength and the existing root areaoccupiedbyvetiverrootsonapotentialshearsurfaceata certain depth or by using the relationships of shear-strength increaseinthesoilversustheroot-arearatioorthebulkweight ofrootpervolumeunitofsoil. References Abe,K;andM.Iwamoto.1986.Anevaluationoftreerooteffect onslopestabilitybytreeroot strength.j.japaneseforest.soc.68: Burroughs., E.R. ; and Thomas, B.R Declining root strengthindouglasfirafterfellingas a factor in slope stability. Research Paper INT-190, Intermountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, US ForestService,Ogden,Utah,USA. Grimhaw, R.G Vetiver grass-its use for slope and structuralstabilizationundertropical andsemi-tropicalconditions.proc.intconf.onvegetation andslopes,oxford,england
12 Nilaweera, N.S Effects of tree roots on slope stability: ThecaseofKhaoLuangMountain area, Southern Thailand. Doctoral Dissertation, Diss. No. GT-93-2, Asian Institute of Technology, Bangkok, Thailand Yoou, P.K Important biological considerations in use of vetivergrasshedgerows(vghr) for slope protection sna stabilization. Proc. Int. Conf. on VegetationandSlopes,Oxford,England
EAT 212 SOIL MECHANICS
EAT 212 SOIL MECHANICS Chapter 4: SHEAR STRENGTH OF SOIL PREPARED BY SHAMILAH ANUDAI@ANUAR CONTENT Shear failure in soil Drained and Undrained condition Mohr-coulomb failure Shear strength of saturated
More informationSoil-roots Strength Performance of Extensive Green Roof by Using Axonopus Compressus
IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering PAPER OPEN ACCESS Soil-roots Strength Performance of Extensive Green Roof by Using Axonopus Compressus To cite this article: N A Yusoff et al 2016
More informationBackfill Stress and Strain Information within a Centrifuge Geosynthetic-Reinforced Slope Model under Working Stress and Large Soil Strain Conditions
GeoCongress 2012 ASCE 2012 461 Yang, K-H., Zornberg, J.G., Liu, C-N. and Lin, H-D. (2012). Backfill Stress and Strain Information within a Centrifuge Geosynthetic-Reinforced Slope under Working Stress
More informationEFFECT OF COMPACTION ON THE UNSATURATED SHEAR STRENGTH OF A COMPACTED TILL
EFFECT OF COMPACTION ON THE UNSATURATED SHEAR STRENGTH OF A COMPACTED TILL Vanapalli, S.K., Pufahl, D.E., and Fredlund, D.G. (University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK., Canada, S7N 5A9) Abstract An experimental
More informationA DETAILED ANALYSIS OF SLOPE STABILITY USING FINITE ELEMENT METHOD (FEM)
A DETAILED ANALYSIS OF SLOPE STABILITY USING FINITE ELEMENT METHOD (FEM) S. Halder 1*, M. O. Imam 2 & M. S. Basir 1 1 Department of Civil & Water Resources Engineering, Chittagong University of Engineering
More informationBearing Capacity Theory. Bearing Capacity
Bearing Capacity Theory Bearing Capacity 1 Bearing Capacity Failure a) General Shear Failure Most common type of shear failure; occurs in strong soils and rocks b) Local Shear Failure Intermediate between
More informationExperimental tests for geosynthetics anchorage trenches
Experimental tests for geosynthetics anchorage trenches Girard H. Cemagref, Bordeaux, France Briançon L Cnam, Paris, France Rey E. Cnam, Paris, France Keywords: geosynthetics, anchorage trench, full-scale
More informationEFFECT OF CENTRAL PILE IN INCREASING THE BEARING CAPACITY OF BORED PILE GROUPS
EFFECT OF CENTRAL PILE IN INCREASING THE BEARING CAPACITY OF BORED PILE GROUPS Mohamed M. Shahin Department of Civil Engineering, 7 th October University, Misurata,, Libya, E-mail: Mohamed_zubi@yahoo.com
More informationReinforcement for Slope
Laboratory Investigation of Vetiver er Root Reinforcement for Slope Protection Presented by Dr. Boonrat Lohwongwatana Faculty of Engineering, g, Chulalongkornorn University Co- o-authors: Suched Likitlersuang
More informationCHAPTER 8 SLOPE STABILITY ANALYSIS
TM 5-818-1 / AFM 88-3. Chap. 7 CHAPTER 8 SLOPE STABILITY ANALYSIS 8-1. General. This chapter is concerned with characteristics and critical aspects of the stability of excavation slopes; methods of designing
More informationFull Scale Model Test of Soil Reinforcement on Soft Soil Deposition with Inclined Timber Pile
Full Scale Model Test of Soil Reinforcement on Soft Soil Deposition with Inclined Timber Pile Suheriyatna 1, L. Samang 2, M. W. Tjaronge 3 and T. Harianto 4 1 Doctoral Student, Department of Civil Engineering,
More informationPULL-OUT RESISTANCE OF 3 DIFFERENT PLANT SPECIES AND THEIR APPLICATION IN SLOPE STABILIZATION WORKS
PULL-OUT RESISTANCE OF 3 DIFFERENT PLANT SPECIES AND THEIR APPLICATION IN SLOPE STABILIZATION WORKS S. N. Osano, S. K. Mwea, F. J. Gichaga Department of Civil and Construction Engineering University of
More informationRESPONSE OF ANCHOR IN TWO-PHASE MATERIAL UNDER UPLIFT
IGC 29, Guntur, INDIA RESPONSE OF ANCHOR IN TWO-PHASE MATERIAL UNDER UPLIFT K. Ilamparuthi Professor and Head, Division of Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Anna University, Chennai 25, India.
More informationCOMPARISON OF SHEAR STRENGTH PARAMETERS OF BLACK COTTON SOIL WITH EFFECT OF RELATIVE COMPACTION
Vol-2 Issue-4 16 COMPARISON OF SHEAR STRENGTH PARAMETERS OF BLACK COTTON SOIL WITH EFFECT OF RELATIVE COMPACTION Prof. Usha k. Patel Assistant Professor, LDCE Prof. M. G. Vanza Associate Professor, LDCE
More informationMoisture Content Effect on Sliding Shear Test Parameters in Woven Geotextile Reinforced Pilani Soil
International Journal of Engineering Science Invention ISSN (Online): 2319 6734, ISSN (Print): 2319 6726 Volume 2 Issue 8 ǁ August 2013 ǁ PP.10-15 Moisture Content Effect on Sliding Shear Test Parameters
More informationFLIGHT UNLOADING IN ROTARY SUGAR DRYERS. P.F. BRITTON, P.A. SCHNEIDER and M.E. SHEEHAN. James Cook University
FLIGHT UNLOADING IN ROTARY SUGAR DRYERS By P.F. BRITTON, P.A. SCHNEIDER and M.E. SHEEHAN James Cook University Paul.Britton@jcu.edu.au, Phil.Schnieder@jcu.edu.au, Madoc.Sheehan@jcu.edu.au Keywords: Drying,
More informationStability of Inclined Strip Anchors in Purely Cohesive Soil
Stability of Inclined Strip Anchors in Purely Cohesive Soil R. S. Merifield 1 ; A. V. Lyamin 2 ; and S. W. Sloan 3 Abstract: Soil anchors are commonly used as foundation systems for structures requiring
More informationMODULUS CHARACTERISTICS OF GEOSYNTHETICS USED IN ROADWAY CONSTRUCTION
MODULUS CHARACTERISTICS OF GEOSYNTHETICS USED IN ROADWAY CONSTRUCTION Prepared by: TenCate TM Geosynthetics North America 365 South Holland Drive Pendergrass, GA 30567 Tel 706 693 2226 Fax 706 693 4400
More information0.40 Argent-Loblolly Pine. Clarksville-Shortleaf Pine 0.20 Dome-Ponderosa Pine Cohasset-Ponderosa Pine
2.00 1.80 1.60 1.40 Argent: R 2 = 0.50 Shoot Weight (g) 1.20 1.00 0.80 Clarksville:R 2 = 0.79 0.60 Dome: R 2 = 0.82 0.40 Argent-Loblolly Pine Cohasset: R 2 = 0.64 Clarksville-Shortleaf Pine 0.20 Dome-Ponderosa
More informationSlope stability assessment
Engineering manual No. 25 Updated: 03/2018 Slope stability assessment Program: FEM File: Demo_manual_25.gmk The objective of this manual is to analyse the slope stability degree (factor of safety) using
More informationEFFECT OF RELICT JOINTS IN RAIN INDUCED SLOPE FAILURES IN RESIDUAL SOIL
EFFECT OF RELICT JOINTS IN RAIN INDUCED SLOPE FAILURES IN RESIDUAL SOIL Neethimappiriya Tharmalingam, Student (Email: neethi_26@yahoo.com) N.W.H. Lakshamana, Student (Email: hansaka8888@yahoo.com) R.D.T.B.
More informationAnalysis of Pullout Resistance of Soil-Nailing in Lateritic Soil
Analysis of Pullout Resistance of Soil-Nailing in Lateritic Soil B,L.A. Isaka 1, B.C. Madushanka 1 and N.H. Priyankara 1 1 Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty of Engineering University
More informationBiotechnical engineering on alluvial riverbanks of southeastern Australia:
Biotechnical engineering on alluvial riverbanks of southeastern Australia: A quantified model of the earth-reinforcing properties of some native riparian trees Benjamin Brougham Docker A thesis submitted
More informationSwelling Treatment By Using Sand for Tamia Swelling Soil
Swelling Treatment By Using Sand for Tamia Swelling Soil G. E. Abdelrahman 1, M. M. Shahien 2 1 Department of Civil Engineering, Cairo University-Fayoum Branch, Fayoum, Egypt 2 Department of Civil Engineering,
More informationTHE PERFORMANCE OF STRENGTHENING SLOPE USING SHOTCRETE AND ANCHOR BY FINITE ELEMENT METHOD (FEM)
THE PERFORMANCE OF STRENGTHENING SLOPE USING SHOTCRETE AND ANCHOR BY FINITE ELEMENT METHOD (FEM) Tri Harianto 1*, Lawalenna Samang 2, Takenori Hino 3, Fakhriyah Usman 4 and Akbar Walenna 5 1 Associate
More informationGEOSYNTHETICS ENGINEERING: IN THEORY AND PRACTICE
GEOSYNTHETICS ENGINEERING: IN THEORY AND PRACTICE Prof. J. N. Mandal Department of civil engineering, IIT Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India. Tel.022-25767328 email: cejnm@civil.iitb.ac.in Module - 3
More informationEffect of Placement of Footing on Stability of Slope
Scientific Journal of Impact Factor (SJIF) : 3.134 ISSN (Print) : 2348-6406 ISSN (Online): 2348-4470 International Journal of Advance Engineering and Research Development Effect of Placement of Footing
More informationPERFORMANCE OF GEOSYNTHETICS IN THE FILTRATION OF HIGH WATER CONTENT WASTE MATERIAL
IGC 2009, Guntur, INDIA PERFORMANCE OF GEOSYNTHETICS IN THE FILTRATION OF HIGH WATER CONTENT WASTE MATERIAL K. Ilamparuthi Professor, Anna University, Chennai 600025, India. E-mail: kanniilam@gmail.com
More informationPerformance of Geosynthetics in the Filtration of High Water Content Waste Material
INDIAN GEOTECHNICAL SOCIETY CHENNAI CHAPTER Performance of Geosynthetics in the Filtration of High Water Content Waste Material T. Arun 1 and K. Ilamparuthi 2 ABSTRACT: Filtration mould was fabricated
More informationReinforcement with Geosynthetics
Reinforcement with Geosynthetics GEO-SLOPE International Ltd. www.geo-slope.com 1200, 700-6th Ave SW, Calgary, AB, Canada T2P 0T8 Main: +1 403 269 2002 Fax: +1 888 463 2239 Introduction Reinforced earth
More informationSoil-Structure Interaction of a Piled Raft Foundation in Clay a 3D Numerical Study
388 J. Eng. Technol. Sci., Vol. 48, No. 4, 2016, 388-407 Soil-Structure Interaction of a Piled Raft Foundation in Clay a 3D Numerical Study Endra Susila 1,* & Nita Anggraini 2 1 Geotechnical Engineering
More informationLoad-Carrying Capacity of Stone Column Encased with Geotextile. Anil Kumar Sahu 1 and Ishan Shankar 2
Load-Carrying Capacity of Stone Column Encased with Geotextile Anil Kumar Sahu 1 and Ishan Shankar 2 1 Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Delhi Technological University, Delhi, India (sahuanilkr@yahoo.co.in)
More informationAPPENDIX D. Slope Stability Analysis Results for Soil and Overburden Storage Mounds
Geotechnical Assessment Report APPENDIX D Slope Stability Analysis Results for Soil and Overburden Storage Mounds DABGeot/09059GA/Final Geotechnical Assessment Report STABILITY OF SOIL AND OVERBURDEN STORAGE
More informationEFFECT OF BOLT CONNECTION OF SQUARE-SHAPED GEOCELL MODEL ON PULLOUT TEST RESULTS
EFFECT OF BOLT CONNECTION OF SQUARE-SHAPED GEOCELL MODEL ON PULLOUT TEST RESULTS Zelong XU 1, Takashi KIYOTA 2, Sam Ronald OLOYA 3, Christian HAUSSNER 3 1 Ph. D. student, Institute of Industrial Science,
More information2.2 Soils 3 DIRECT SHEAR TEST
507 c) GT TS 50: Nonwoven needle-punched, continuous filament, polypropylene geotextile, with mass per unit area of 200 g/m 2 and thickness of 1.9mm. d) Smooth HDPE geomembrane (GM) with average thickness
More informationTransition of soil strength during suction pile retrieval
Maritime Heritage and Modern Ports 415 Transition of soil strength during suction pile retrieval S. Bang 1, Y. Cho 2 & K. Jones 1 1 Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, South Dakota School
More informationBehaviour of a Strip Footing on Compacted Pond Ash Reinforced with Coir Geotextiles
Behaviour of a Strip Footing on Compacted Pond Ash Reinforced with Coir Geotextiles Dr. Goutam Kumar Pothal, Dr. G. Venkatappa Rao 2 Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering Indira Gandhi Institute
More informationImprovement of Granular Subgrade Soil by Using Geotextile and Jute Fiber
International Journal of Science, Technology and Society 2015; 3(5): 230-235 Published online August 3, 2015 (http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/j/ijsts) doi: 10.11648/j.ijsts.20150305.12 ISSN: 2330-7412
More informationKeywords: slope stability, numerical analysis, rainfall, infiltration. Yu. Ando 1, Kentaro. Suda 2, Shinji. Konishi 3 and Hirokazu.
Proceedings of Slope 25, September 27-3 th 25 SLOPE STABLITY ANALYSIS REGARDING RAINFALL-INDUCED LANDSLIDES BY COUPLING SATURATED-UNSATURATED SEEPAGE ANALYSIS AND RIGID PLASTIC FINITE ELEMENT METHOD Yu.
More informationNumerical Analysis of the Bearing Capacity of Strip Footing Adjacent to Slope
International Journal of Science and Engineering Investigations vol. 4, issue 46, November 25 ISSN: 225-8843 Numerical Analysis of the Bearing Capacity of Strip Footing Adjacent to Slope Mohammadreza Hamzehpour
More information1. Introduction. Abstract. Keywords: Liquid limit, plastic limit, fall cone, undrained shear strength, water content.
Comparison In Undrained Shear Strength Between Low And High Liquid Limit Soils Neelu Das *1, Binu Sarma 2, Shashikant Singh 3 and Bidyut Bikash Sutradhar 4 1( Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering,
More informationLesson 25 Analysis Of Complete Vapour Compression Refrigeration Systems
Lesson 25 Analysis Of Complete Vapour Compression Refrigeration Systems Version 1 ME, IIT Kharagpur 1 The specific objectives of this lecture are to: 1. Importance of complete vapour compression refrigeration
More informationForce and Bungee Cord Length: Will Longer Length Un-Stretched of Cord result in a Greater or Lesser Force than a Shorter Length of Un-Stretched Cord
Force and Bungee Cord Length: Will Longer Length Un-Stretched of Cord result in a Greater or Lesser Force than a Shorter Length of Un-Stretched Cord Introduction: Answering the request of quite the adventurous
More informationUse of vegetation for slope protection: Root mechanical properties of some tropical plants
International Journal of Physical Sciences Vol. 5(5), pp. 496-506, May 2010 Available online at http://www.academicjournals.org/ijps ISSN 1992-1950 2010 Academic Journals Full Length Research Paper Use
More informationShear Strength Enhancement of Sandy Soil Using Hair Fibre
Shear Strength Enhancement of Sandy Soil Using Hair Fibre Deepjyoti Das 1, Dhrubajyoti Kaundinya 2, Raja Sarkar 3, Bikramjit Deb 4 U.G. Student, Department of Civil Engineering, Assam Engineering College,
More informationBase resistance of individual piles in pile group
th WSEAS Int. Conf. on ENVIRONMENT, ECOSYSTEMS and DEVELOPMENT, Tenerife, Spain, December 14-16, 27 111 Base resistance of individual piles in pile group MOHAMED M. SHAHIN Department of Civil Engineering
More information[Gupta* et al., 5(7): July, 2016] ISSN: IC Value: 3.00 Impact Factor: 4.116
[Gupta* et al., 5(7): July, 6] ISSN: 77-9655 IC Value: 3. Impact Factor: 4.6 IJESRT INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES & RESEARCH TECHNOLOGY EFFECT OF DENSITY AND MOISTURE ON THE SLOPE STABILITY
More informationAHCARB803 Edaphic Interactions of Trees and Structures Form
Prerequisite competency completion Has the candidate successfully completed the required prerequisite unit requirements of AHCARB803 Analyse edaphic interactions of trees and structures? AHCARB701 Analyse
More informationLOAD TRANSFER MECHANISM IN PULL-OUT TESTS
Technical Paper by I.M. Alobaidi, D.J. Hoare and G.S. Ghataora LOAD TRANSFER MECHANISM IN PULL-OUT TESTS ABSTRACT: This paper presents a numerical method to predict soil-geotextile interface friction parameters.
More informationEFFECT OF THE ROOTS DENSITIES ON THE SHEAR STRENGTH OF ROOT-REINFORCED SOIL
EFFECT OF THE ROOTS DENSITIES ON THE SHEAR STRENGTH OF ROOT-REINFORCED SOIL Agus Setyo Muntohar Department of Civil Engineering, Universitas Muhaadiyah Yogyakarta, Indonesia Tel. +62-274-387656. Email:
More informationThe Effect of Quantity of Salt on the Drying Characteristics of Fresh Noodles
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Agriculture and Agricultural Science Procedia 2 ( 2014 ) 207 211 ST26943, 2nd International Conference on Agricultural and Food Engineering, CAFEi2014
More informationCompaction. Compaction purposes and processes. Compaction as a construction process
Compaction Compaction purposes and processes Specification and quality control Moisture condition value Compaction is a process that brings about an increase in soil density or unit weight, accompanied
More informationMechanical Behavior of Soil Geotextile Composites: Effect of Soil Type
Mechanical Behavior of Geotextile Composites: Effect of Type A.I. Droudakis and I.N. Markou Department of Civil Engineering, Democritus University of Thrace, Greece 12 Vas. Sofias str., GR-671 Xanthi,
More informationPILE FOUNDATIONS CONTENTS: 1.0 Introduction. 1.1 Choice of pile type Driven (displacement) piles Bored (replacement) piles. 2.
PILE FOUNDATIONS CONTENTS: 1.0 Introduction 1.1 Choice of pile type 1.1.1 Driven (displacement) piles 1.1.2 Bored (replacement) piles 2.0 Analysis 2.0.1 Driving formulae 2.0.2 Soil mechanics 2.1 Piles
More informationTHE ULTIMATE SKIN RESISTANCE OF CONCRETE PILE IN PARTIALLY SATURATED COHESIVE SOIL BY MODIFIED Β METHOD
International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET) Volume 9, Issue 10, October 2018, pp. 1882 1891, Article ID: IJCIET_09_10_187 Available online at http://www.iaeme.com/ijciet/issues.asp?jtype=ijciet&vtype=9&itype=10
More informationProblems with Testing Peat for Stability Analysis
Problems with Testing Peat for Stability Analysis Dick Gosling & Peter Keeton Scottish Executive Document Published December 2006 Includes requirement for slope stability analysis using infinite slope
More informationTHREE DIMENSIONAL SLOPE STABILITY
THREE DIMENSIONAL SLOPE STABILITY Timothy D. Stark, Ph.D, PE Associate Professor of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 205 N. Mathews Ave. Urbana, IL 61801 (217)
More informationPullout of Geosynthetic Reinforcement with In-plane Drainage Capability. J.G. Zornberg 1 and Y. Kang 2
Zornberg, J.G., Kang, Y. (2005). Pullout of Geosynthetic Reinforcement with In-plane Drainage Capability. Geosynthetics Research and Development in Progress, Eighteenth Geosynthetic Research Institute
More informationEffect of pile sleeve opening and length below seabed on the bearing capacity of offshore jacket mudmats
NGM 2016 Reykjavik Proceedings of the 17 th Nordic Geotechnical Meeting Challenges in Nordic Geotechnic 25 th 28 th of May Effect of pile sleeve opening and length below seabed on the bearing capacity
More informationPULLOUT CAPACITY OF HORIZONTAL AND INCLINED PLATE ANCHORS IN CLAYEY SOILS
PULLOUT CAPACITY OF HORIZONTAL AND INCLINED PLATE ANCHORS IN CLAYEY SOILS BALESHWAR SINGH Associate Professor Department of Civil Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati Guwahati 78139, India
More informationModeling of Ceiling Fan Based on Velocity Measurement for CFD Simulation of Airflow in Large Room
Modeling of Ceiling Fan Based on Velocity Measurement for CFD Simulation of Airflow in Large Room Y. Momoi 1, K. Sagara 1, T. Yamanaka 1 and H. Kotani 1 1 Osaka University, Graduate School of Eng., Dept.
More informationWhen Precision is not good enough
When Precision is not good enough Andrew Kelley XACT PCB Ltd North Shields, UK Abstract As PCB designs become ever more complex with more sequential build up layers, tighter annular ring designs and broader
More informationPaper ID: GE-007. Shear Strength Characteristics of Fiber Reinforced Clay Soil. M. R. Islam 1*, M.A. Hossen 2, M. A.Alam 2, and M. K.
Paper ID: GE-7 International Conference on Recent Innovation in Civil Engineering for Sustainable Development (IICSD-2) Department of Civil Engineering DUET - Gazipur, Bangladesh 48 Shear Strength Characteristics
More information3D-Evaluation Method for Descaling Capability of Hot Strip Mill
82 China Steel Technical Report, No. 24, 3D-Evaluation pp. 83-87, (2011) Method for Descaling Capability of Hot Strip Mill 3D-Evaluation Method for Descaling Capability of Hot Strip Mill CHUN-CHAO SHIH*,
More informationIGC. 50 th INDIAN GEOTECHNICAL CONFERENCE EFFECT OF VEGETATION ON STABILITY OF SLOPES
50 th IGC 50 th INDIAN GEOTECHNICAL CONFERENCE 17 th 19 th DECEMBER 2015, Pune, Maharashtra, India Venue: College of Engineering (Estd. 1854), Pune, India EFFECT OF VEGETATION ON STABILITY OF SLOPES S.
More informationConceptual Design of a Better Heat Pump Compressor for Northern Climates
Purdue University Purdue e-pubs International Compressor Engineering Conference School of Mechanical Engineering 1976 Conceptual Design of a Better Heat Pump Compressor for Northern Climates D. Squarer
More informationFinite Element Methods against Limit Equilibrium Approaches for Slope Stability Analysis
Finite Element Methods against Limit Equilibrium Approaches for Slope Stability Analysis H. Khabbaz 1, B. Fatahi 1, C. Nucifora 1 1 Centre for Built Infrastructure Research, School of Civil and Environmental
More informationImproved Innovative Streambank Restoration Techniques. Udare Santha Lanka Santha, P.E. RoLanka International, Inc.
Improved Innovative Streambank Restoration Techniques Udare Santha Lanka Santha, P.E. RoLanka International, Inc. 1 Objective Educate the professional community involved in streambank and shoreline restorations
More informationQuantification of root reinforcement in bio-slope stabilization: laboratory and field studies
Quantification of root reinforcement in bio-slope stabilization: laboratory and field studies Apiniti Jotisankasa 1,*, Danainut Taworn 2, Nattasit Chumchey 2, and Jiraroth Sukolrat 2 1 Department of Civil
More informationField tests on the lateral capacity of poles embedded in Auckland residual clay
Proc. 18 th NZGS Geotechnical Symposium on Soil-Structure Interaction. Ed. CY Chin, Auckland Field tests on the lateral capacity of poles embedded in Auckland residual clay Peter Rodgers Mercury Bay Civil
More informationBioengineering Shoreline Protection
Insert Company Logo Here (first slide only) Bioengineering Shoreline Protection Agrecol LLC Evansville WI rob.walker@agrecol.com A little about Agrecol 1,100 acres in production in SC WI Produce 3.5 million
More informationVertical Uplift Load-Displacement Relationship of Horizontal Anchors in Sand
96 TRANSPORTATON RESEARCH RECORD 1336 Vertical Uplift Load-Displacement Relationship of Horizontal Anchors in Sand BRAJA M. DAS AND VJAY K. PUR Small-scale laboratory model test results for the uplift
More informationAASHTO NTPEP Rolled Erosion Control Product (RECP) Test Report
AASHTO NTPEP Rolled Erosion Control Product (RECP) Test Report Manufacturer: US Erosion Control Products Plant Name: US Erosion Control Products Corporate Address: 1800 Springhead Church Rd. Plant Address:
More informationCHAPTER I INTRODUCTION. In the modern life, electronic equipments have made their way
1 CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION In the modern life, electronic equipments have made their way in to practically every part, which is from electronic gadgets to high power computers. Electronic components have
More informationDam Construction by Stages
Dam Construction by Stages 1 Introduction This simple example demonstrates the simulation of staged embankment construction on soft ground. The primary objective of this example is to demonstrate the use
More informationComprehensive Material Characterizations for a Pavement Embankment Installed with Wicking Fabric
Comprehensive Material Characterizations for a Pavement Embankment Installed with Wicking Fabric Chuang Lin Ph.D. Student Xiong Zhang Associate Professor University of Alaska Fairbanks Jie Han Professor
More informationTHE ROLE OF SUCTION IN THE PERFORMANCE OF CLAY FILL RONALD F. REED, P.E. 1 KUNDAN K. PANDEY, P.E. 2
THE ROLE OF SUCTION IN THE PERFORMANCE OF CLAY FILL RONALD F. REED, P.E. 1 KUNDAN K. PANDEY, P.E. 2 Abstract Plastic clay is commonly used as fill. Proper placement is the key to the performance of the
More informationSUBGRADE IMPROVEMENT OF CLAYEY SOIL WITH THE USE OF GEOTEXTILES
SUBGRADE IMPROVEMENT OF CLAYEY SOIL WITH THE USE OF GEOTEXTILES 1 Soma Prashanth Kumar, 2 Mohammed Asif T L, 3 Mane S R Rohith 1 Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, JBIET, Moinabad, (India)
More informationA Comparison of Pampas Grass ( Cortaderia jubata) , Coyote Bush ( Bacharis pillularis ), and Poison Oak ( Toxicondendron diversilobum
A Comparison of Pampas Grass (Cortaderia jubata), Coyote Bush (Bacharis pillularis), and Poison Oak (Toxicondendron diversilobum) on Soil Cohesion in Big Sur, California Alexander Ford Abstract An infestation
More informationSOIL STABILIZATION USING NATURAL FIBER COIR
SOIL STABILIZATION USING NATURAL FIBER COIR Pooja Upadhyay 1, Yatendra Singh 2 1M.Tech student, Department of Civil Engineering, IEC Group of Institutions, U.P, India 2Assistant Professor, Department of
More informationProf. B V S Viswanadham, Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Bombay
23 Module 5: Lecture -5 on Stability of Slopes Slope stabilization methods Slope stabilization methods generally reduce driving forces, increase resisting forces, or both. Driving forces can be reduced
More informationPERFORMANCE OF A MODEL IN-LINE VORTEX SEPARATOR. Keng-Choon Lee Geothermal Institute, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New
PERFORMANCE OF A MODEL IN-LINE VORTEX SEPARATOR Keng-Choon Lee Geothermal Institute, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Key words: Separator, condensate removal, two-phase flow
More informationAdvanced Foundation Engineering. Introduction
Shahrood University of Technology Department of Geotechnical Engineering Advanced Foundation Engineering Introduction Mohsen Keramati, Ph.D. Assistant Professor 1 - Detailed Course Plan Introduction (Geotechnical
More information1 Introduction. 2 General Pile Analysis Features. 2.1 Pile Internal Forces and Displacements
RSPile version 1.0 RSPile is a general pile analysis software for analyzing driven pile installation, axially loaded piles and laterally loaded piles. It is capable of computing the axial capacity for
More informationSOIL FOUNDATION IMPROVEMENT WITH TIRE-USED TO REDUCE SETTLEMENT OF SHALLOW FOUNDATION EMBEDDED ON SATURATED DEPOK CLAY
POLITEKNOLOGI VOL.13 NO.1 JANUARI 2014 SOIL FOUNDATION IMPROVEMENT WITH TIRE-USED TO REDUCE SETTLEMENT OF SHALLOW FOUNDATION EMBEDDED ON SATURATED DEPOK CLAY ABSTRACT PUTERA AGUNG M.A 1, SONY P 2, IMAM
More informationLow Gradient Velocity Control Short Term Steep Gradient [1] Channel Lining Medium-Long Term Outlet Control Soil Treatment Permanent
Grass Linings DRAINAGE CONTROL TECHNIQUE Low Gradient Velocity Control Short Term Steep Gradient [1] Channel Lining Medium-Long Term Outlet Control Soil Treatment Permanent [1] May be used on short, steep
More informationShear Strength of Soils
Shear Strength of Soils Shear failure Soils generally fail in shear strip footing embankment failure surface mobilised shear resistance At failure, shear stress along the failure surface reaches the shear
More informationGEOSYNTHETICS ENGINEERING: IN THEORY AND PRACTICE
GEOSYNTHETICS ENGINEERING: IN THEORY AND PRACTICE Prof. J. N. Mandal Department of civil engineering, IIT Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India. Tel.022-25767328 email: cejnm@civil.iitb.ac.in Module - 7
More informationCHAPTER 4 EXPERIMENTAL WORK 4.1 GENERAL
CHAPTER 4 EXPERIMENTAL WORK 4.1 GENERAL In the present chapter engineering properties of subgrade soils, moorum and aggregate used in the investigation are presented. The details of geotextiles and geogrids
More informationThree Rivers Park District Administration Center Rain Garden
Three Rivers Park District Administration Center Rain Garden Introduction There are significant changes to the hydrologic regime and nutrient loading following urban and industrial development. The post-development
More information1 SITE AND PROJECT DESCRIPTION
February 14, 2017 Our File Ref.: 160796 Denis Lacroix 6909 Notre Dame Street Ottawa, Ontario K1C 1H6 Subject: Slope Stability Analysis 6909 Notre Dame Street Ottawa, Ontario Pursuant to your request, LRL
More informationSoil Organic Matter. Organic Carbon and Nitrogen. What Factors Influence the Amount of SOM? What is Soil Organic Matter? Why is SOM Important?
Soil Organic Matter Organic Carbon and Nitrogen Analysis of soil organic matter (SOM), conducted on the AESA Soil Quality Benchmark sites, has revealed some significant differences in the per cent of organic
More informationExperimental study on heat transfer characteristics of horizontal concentric tube using twisted wire brush inserts
International Journal of Current Engineering and Technology E-ISSN 2277 416, P-ISSN 2347 5161 216 INPRESSCO, All Rights Reserved Available at http://inpressco.com/category/ijcet Research Article Experimental
More informationEffect of Moisture Content on the Tensile Strength of Jute Geotextile
IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering (IOSR-JMCE) e-issn: 2278-1684,p-ISSN: 2320-334X, Volume 13, Issue 5 Ver. VI (Sep. - Oct. 2016), PP 79-87 www.iosrjournals.org Effect of Moisture Content
More informationExperimental Investigation of Elliptical Tube Bank Cross Flow Heat Exchanger with Inline Arrangement & 45 Angle of Attack
Experimental Investigation of Elliptical Tube Bank Cross Flow Heat Exchanger with Inline Arrangement & 45 Angle of Attack #1 Digvijay A. Shelar, #2 N.S. Gohel, #3 R. S. Jha #1 Mechanical Engineering Department,
More informationEffect of Foundation Embedment of PWR Structures in SSI Analysis considering Spatial Incoherence of Ground Motions
The th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering October -7,, Beijing, China Effect of Foundation Embedment of PWR Structures in SSI Analysis considering Spatial of Ground Motions Joo-Hyung Kang and Sang-Hoon
More informationIdentification of key parameters on Soil Water Characteristic Curve
Identification of key parameters on Soil Water Characteristic Curve A.A. Heshmati 1, M.R. Motahari 2,* 1, 2 School of Civil Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology P.O. Box 16765-163, Narmak,
More informationStudy on the Effect of Blade Angle on the Performance of a Small Cooling Tower
Kasetsart J. (Nat. Sci.) 42 : 378-384 (2008) Study on the Effect of Blade Angle on the Performance of a Small Cooling Tower Montri Pirunkaset* and Santi Laksitanonta ABSTRACT This paper presents the effect
More informationIncorporating Aluminum Honeycomb to Increase Efficiency of U-tube Removable Heat Exchanger
Incorporating Aluminum Honeycomb to Increase Efficiency of U-tube Removable Heat Exchanger Daniel Soto 1 and Daniel Corona 2 California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, San Luis Obispo, California,
More informationAssessments of Long-Term Drainage Performance of Geotextiles
57ième CONGRÈS CANADIEN DE GÉOTECHNIQUE 5ième CONGRÈS CONJOINT SCG/AIH-CNN 57TH CANADIAN GEOTECHNICAL CONFERENCE 5TH JOINT CGS/IAH-CNC CONFERENCE Assessments of Long-Term Drainage Performance of Han-Yong
More information