Small Fruits. Insect, Disease, Nematode, And Weed Control Recommendations For 2005 INSECT CONTROL

Transcription

1 Small Fruits Insect, Disease, Nematode, And Weed Control Recommendations F 5 INSECT CONTROL All insecticide applications made to small fruits should be made AS NEEDED only. DO NOT make applications if pests and damage are not found if plantings do not have a histy of severe pest infestations. DO NOT APPLY INSECTICIDES TO ANY FRUIT PLANTS DURING BLOOM. Table. Small Fruits Insect Control. Insecticide And Minimum Days From Last Application Insect Fmulation Acre Gallon To Harvest Comments BLUEBERRIES Cranberry Fruitwms, Leaf Rollers, Plum Curculios, Blueberry Maggots pt. CYTHION 57% EC IMIDAN 7WP F Cranberry Fruitwms Only: CONFIRM F.33 lb. pt. T. 3 Fields should be scouted regularly to determine need f insecticides. Most plantings will not need any insect control measures. CRANBERRY FRUITWORMS: Check fruit clusters closely f tiny pinholes. Look f frass and premature ripening in me mature berries. Berries should be broken open to look f feeding damage and/ larvae. Scout the field twice each week f at least 4 weeks beginning at petal fall. Early varieties are nmally infested first. Apply one of the sprays listed when one bush in five is found to have infested clusters. DO NOT apply me than 64 ounces of Confirm per acre per season. Reinfestation is possible; therefe, moniting should not be stopped after spraying. A second spray may be required to days following the first in some cases. Additional applications f late-season fruitwms may also be needed. BLUEBERRY MAGGOT: Monit with yellow sticky-board traps in areas that received me than 9 chill hours befe April. When adult flies are detected (this is an easily recognized fruit fly species), sprays should be made within 5 days. Continue moniting until harvest. 5IPM-478

2 /Small Fruits Insecticide And Insect Fmulation Acre BRAMBLES (Blackberries & Dewberries) Gallon Minimum Days From Last Application To Harvest Comments Aphids BRIGADE WSB pt. 3 Apply when aphids are present in sufficient numbers to create problems. Repeat if necessary. Dewberry Mites BRIGADE WSB pt. 3 Apply as dmant sprays in early spring when canes are on the ground and buds are closed. Spider Mites BRIGADE WSB pt. 3 Apply when mites and/ damage are evident. Look closely f mites during hot, dry weather. Stink Bugs MALATHION 5EC 3 pt. 3 T. Apply to foliage when stink bugs plant bugs are present. Strawberry Weevils METHOXYCHLOR 5WP.75 lb. T. 3 Make second application when buds are well developed but still closed. Treat only those plantings with a histy of infestation. BUNCH GRAPES Aphids PROVADO SOLUPAK 75WP oz. Apply when aphids appear on shoots. DO NOT apply me than ounces of Provado per acre per season. Grape Flea Beetles DIAZINON 5WP METHOXYCHLOR 5WP lb. -4 lb. T. -4 T. Apply when beetles and damage are present. Grape Root Bers LORSBAN 4E 4.5 pt./ gal. Grape Vine Girdlers, Red-Banded Leaf Rollers, Grape Phylloxera, Grape Berry Moths, Grape Leafhoppers IMIDAN 5WP SEVIN 5WP lb. lb. T. T. 35 Apply quarts of mix to 5-square-foot area around the base of each vine just befe the pest emerges (nmally about August ). DO NOT allow the spray to contact fruit foliage. Apply only once per season. If vineyard has a histy of infestation if pests and damage are present, applications may be made when new shoots are inch long and may be repeated as needed until bloom. DO NOT use insecticides during bloom. Monit pest infestations and make applications as necessary throughout the remainder of the season. MUSCADINE GRAPES Aphids PROVADO SOLUPAK 75WP oz. Apply when aphids appear on shoots.

3 Insecticide And Insect Fmulation MUSCADINE GRAPES (cont.) Grape Flea Beetles DIAZINON 5WP METHOXYCHLOR 5WP Acre lb. -4 lb. Gallon T. -4 T. Grape Root Bers LORSBAN 4E 4.5 pt./ gal. Minimum Days From Last Application To Harvest Comments Small Fruits/3 Apply when beetles and damage are present. This insect is prevalent in South Alabama. 35 Apply quarts of mix to 5-square-foot area around the base of each vine just befe the pest emerges (nmally about August ). DO NOT allow the spray to contact fruit foliage. Apply only once per season. Japanese Beetles SEVIN 5WP -4 lb. -4 T. Apply when adults have emerged and are actively feeding on fruit foliage. Red-Banded Leaf Rollers, Grape Berry Moths IMIDAN 5WP lb. T. Apply when insects and damage are present between budbreak and 6 to 8 weeks befe harvest. STRAWBERRIES Aphids BRIGADE WSP PHASER 3EC 8 oz..33 qt. Apply controls when aphids are abundant. Prebloom and fall control of winged adults can help reduce the incidence of virus diseases. DO NOT apply me than.5 pound a.i. of Brigade per acre per season. DO NOT reapply Thiodan within 5 days make me than two applications during any 35-day period when fruit is present. Crown Bers SEVIN 4XLR qt. Make two three applications at -week intervals after harvest ONLY if there is a known problem. Cutwms SEVIN 5 BAIT 3 lb. Apply in late afternoon when you first notice plants cut off at base. Cyclamen Mites PHASER 3EC.67 qt. Apply as needed in sufficient water to drench crowns. Apply Thiodan at intervals of no less than 35 days during the fruiting period. Slugs, Snails SEVIN 5 BAIT lb. Apply along beds at dusk. Repeat applications may be needed. DO NOT contaminate fruit.

4 4/Small Fruits Insecticide And Insect Fmulation Acre STRAWBERRIES (cont.) Spider Mites AGRI-MEK pt. BRIGADE WSB pt. KELTHANE MF qt. OMITE 3WP 5 lb. VENDEX 5W lb. Strawberry Weevils METHOXYCHLOR 5WP lb. SEVIN 8WP lb. Tarnished Plant Bugs, Other Lygus Bugs PHASER 3EC.33 qt. BRIGADE WSB 8 oz. Gallon Minimum Days From Last Application To Harvest 3 3 Comments Apply when mites damage (bronzing of foliage) are first observed. Repeat as needed. DO NOT make second application of Agri- Mek within days of the first. DO NOT apply Agri-Mek by aircraft. DO NOT make me than three applications of Omite during any 4-day period during harvest season. Apply in a separate spray. Apply when damage (clipped buds) is first noticed. Apply when nymphs are present in first blossoms. Repeat if defmed fruit bugs are numerous later in the season. DO NOT reapply Phaser within 5 days make me than two applications during any 35-day period when fruit is present. White-Fringed Beetles (Adults*) SEVIN 4XLR qt. Apply in gallons of water per acre, beginning when adults are emerging (usually mid June). Where insects and damage are abundant, continue to make applications at - to -day intervals until adult emergence ceases (late July to mid August). *There is no effective control f white-fringed beetle larvae.

5 Small Fruits/5 Table. Properties Of Insecticides And Acaricides Used On Small Fruits That May Affect Water Quality. Material Brigade Guthion Imidan Kelthane Lsban Methoxychl Omite Sevin Phaser Vendex Surface-Loss Potential Extremely Low Large Medium Large Medium NA Large Medium Large Large Leaching Potential Low Small Small Small Small NA Small Small Small Small The surface-loss potential indicates the tendency of the pesticide to move with sediment in runoff. The leaching potential indicates the tendency of the pesticide to move in solution with water and to leach below the root zone. NA = Infmation not available. NOTE: Differences in fmulations, application mode (e.g., bare ground versus crop canopy), and soil type will affect how these ratings are used. SOURCE: Most ratings are derived from the USDA-ARS Interim Pesticide Properties Data Base, Version., by R.D. Wauchope, and the surface-loss and leaching potentials from the Soil Conservation Service. Insect Control section prepared by John R. McVay, Extension Entomologist, Alabama Cooperative Extension System.

6 6/Small Fruits DISEASE CONTROL Fungicides protect against diseases and must be applied to small fruits on a regularly scheduled basis in der to prevent infection. Depending on the crop and fungicide involved, spray intervals range from 7 to days. If heavy rains occur within day of application, it may be necessary to reapply fungicides. A spray program alone will not control diseases. Cultural practices such as removing diseased plants plant parts, proper fertilization, weed and insect control, and crop rotation are necessary to obtain optimum disease control. F me infmation, see Circular ANR-96, Common Diseases Of Strawberry. Table 3. Small Fruits Disease Control. Fungicide And Minimum Days From Last Application Disease Fmulation Acre To Harvest Comments BLUEBERRIES Delayed Dmant Spray Phomopsis Cane and Twig Blight LIQUID LIME-SULFUR 5-6 gal. Apply in diluted spray of to 5 gallons per acre as a delayed dmant spray just as the leaf buds begin to break. DO NOT use within days of an oil spray when the temperature is above 7 F. CAUTION: Lime-sulfur is a highly toxic material. Botrytis Blossom and Twig Blight, Mummy Berry CAPTAN 5WP 5 lb. CAPTEVATE 68 WDG 4.7 lb. ZIRAM 76DF 3 lb. Prebloom Sprays Begin fungicide applications when buds show green tips. Continue applications every 7 to days up to bloom. Bloom Sprays (- to -cent Bloom to 8- to 9-cent Bloom) Anthracnose, Botrytis Blossom and Fruit Blight, Mummy Berry CAPTAN 5WP 5 lb. Repeat fungicide applications at 7- to -day intervals. CAPTEVATE 68 WDG lb. DO NOT make me than two consecutive applications of Captevate. PRISTINE oz. Begin applications of Pristine pri to disease development and continue on a 7- to -day interval. DO NOT make me than two consecutive sprays of Pristine befe alternating with a fungicide that has a different mode of action. ZIRAM 76DF 3 lb. DO NOT apply Ziram later than 3 weeks after bloom. Anthracnose, Powdery Mildew CABRIO EG oz. Begin applications pri to disease development and continue at 7- to -day intervals. DO NOT make me than two sequential applications of Cabrio befe alternating to a fungicide with a different mode of action. DO NOT make me than four applications per season.

7 Fungicide And Minimum Days From Last Application Disease Fmulation Acre To Harvest Comments BLUEBERRIES (cont.) Bloom Sprays (- to -cent Bloom to 8- to 9-cent Bloom) (cont.) Small Fruits/7 Botrytis Blossom and Fruit Blight CAPTAN 5WP 5 lb. ELEVATE 5 WDG.5 lb. DO NOT make me than two consecutive applications of Elevate befe alternating with a fungicide that has a different mode of action. ROVRAL - lb. SWITCH 6.5 WDG - oz. Apply Switch on 7- to -day intervals. Petal Fall Sprays (Immediately After Bloom) Alternaria Fruit Rot, Anthracnose Fruit Rot, Mummy Berry, Phomopsis Stem Canker ABOUND oz. DO NOT apply me than two sequential applications befe alternating with a fungicide that has a different mode of action. DO NOT make me than three applications per season. Apply pri to disease development and continue on a 7- to -day schedule. PRISTINE oz. Begin applications of Pristine pri to disease development and continue on a 7- to -day interval. DO NOT make me than two consecutive sprays of Pristine befe alternating with a fungicide that has a different mode of action. Anthracnose, Fruit Rot, Mummy Berry CAPTAN 5WP 5 lb. CAPTEVATE 68 WDG lb. DO NOT make me than two consecutive applications of Captevate. ROVRAL SWITCH 6.5WG ZIRAM 76DF - lb. - oz. 3 lb. Use Rovral and Switch f Botrytis ONLY. DO NOT apply Ziram later than 3 weeks after full bloom. Anthracnose, Powdery Mildew CABRIO EG oz. Begin applications pri to disease development and continue at 7- to -day intervals. DO NOT make me than two sequential applications of Cabrio befe alternating to a fungicide with a different mode of action. DO NOT make me than four applications per season. to Days After Petal Fall Sprays Anthracnose, Fruit Rot CAPTAN 5WP 5 lb. CAPTEVATE 68 WDG lb. DO NOT make me than two consecutive applications of Captevate. ROVRAL SWITCH 6.5WG ZIRAM 76DF - lb. - oz. 3 lb. Use Rovral and Switch f Botrytis ONLY. DO NOT apply Ziram later than 3 weeks after full bloom.

8 8/Small Fruits Fungicide And Minimum Days From Last Application Disease Fmulation Acre To Harvest Comments BLUEBERRIES (cont.) to Days After Petal Fall Sprays (cont.) Anthracnose, Powdery Mildew CABRIO EG oz. Begin applications pri to disease development and continue at 7- to -day intervals. DO NOT make me than two sequential applications of Cabrio befe alternating to a fungicide with a different mode of action. DO NOT make me than four applications per season. Postharvest Sprays Anthracnose CAPTAN 5WP 5 lb. After harvest, make two applications at -day intervals as needed. Phytophtha Root Rot Established Plantings RIDOMIL GOLD EC Apply.5 pint per linear feet of row in a 3- foot band over the row befe the plants start growing in spring. One additional application may be made to coincide with periods most favable f root rot development. Ridomil will not revitalize plants showing moderate to severe root rot symptoms. New Plantings RIDOMIL GOLD EC Apply 3.6 pints per acre broadcast to the soil at after the time of planting. A second application should be made to coincide with periods most favable f root rot development. F banded applications, an 8-inch band over the row is recommended. On new plantings, DO NOT apply me than.9 gallons per acre broadcast during the months befe bearing harvestable fruit, illegal residues may result. Other Fungicides Available F Use On Blueberries And Diseases They Control.* ALIETTE WDG F control of Phytophtha root rot, anthracnose fruit rot, Alternaria fruit rot, and f suppression of Phomopsis canker KOCIDE (copper hydroxide) KUMULUS DF (sulfur product) MICROTHIOL SPECIAL (sulfur product) NU-COP 3L (copper hydroxide) F control of bacterial canker F control of powdery mildew F control of powdery mildew F control of bacterial canker BLACKBERRIES Anthracnose, Cane Spot, Leaf Spot KOCIDE 4 lb. KOCIDE 3 lb. Delayed Dmant Sprays Make fall application after harvest. Apply delayed dmant spray after training in the spring. Add quart of crop oil per acre. Anthracnose, Orange Rust, Powdery Mildew LIQUID LIME SULFUR gal. Apply as a dilute spray in late winter just pri to budbreak. *See manufacturers labels f me infmation

9 Fungicide And Disease Fmulation BLACKBERRIES (cont.) Acre Anthracnose, Cane Spot, Leaf Spot KOCIDE 4 lb. KOCIDE.5 lb. Minimum Days From Last Application To Harvest Cane Sprays Comments Small Fruits/9 Apply when leaf buds begin to open and repeat when flower buds show white. CROP INJURY MAY OCCUR. Anthracnose, Cane and Leaf Rust, Leaf Spot and Blotch, Powdery Mildew, Orange Rust, Yellow Rust CABRIO EG PRISTINE oz oz. Begin applications pri to disease development. DO NOT make me than two sequential applications of Cabrio Pristine befe alternating to another fungicide with a different mode of action. DO NOT make me than four applications per season of Cabrio Pristine. Cabrio and Pristine have the same mode of action. Cane and Leaf Rust, Orange Rust, Yellow Rust, Powdery Mildew NOVA 4W.5-.5 oz. Start applications as early as budbreak and continue at - to -day intervals. DO NOT apply me than ounces per acre per season. Anthracnose, Cane Spot, Leaf Spot KOCIDE 4 lb. KOCIDE.5 lb. Prebloom Sprays Apply when leaf buds begin to open and repeat when flower buds show white. CROP INJURY MAY OCCUR. Anthracnose, Cane and Leaf Rust, Leaf Spot and Blotch, Powdery Mildew, Orange Rust, Yellow Rust CABRIO EG PRISTINE oz oz. Begin applications pri to disease development. DO NOT make me than two sequential applications of Cabrio Pristine befe alternating to another fungicide with a different mode of action. DO NOT make me than four applications per season of Cabrio Pristine. Cabrio and Pristine have the same mode of action. Cane and Leaf Rust, Orange Rust, Yellow Rust, Powdery Mildew NOVA 4W.5-.5 oz. Start applications as early as budbreak and continue at - to -day intervals. DO NOT apply me than ounces per acre per season. Powdery Mildew MICROTHIOL (Sulfur) NOVA 4W SULFUR 9W 6-5 lb oz. 6-5 lb. Start applications of Nova as early as budbreak and continue at - to -day intervals. DO NOT apply me than ounces of Nova per acre per season. Bloom Sprays Anthracnose, Cane and Leaf Rust, Leaf Spot and Blotch, Orange Rust, Powdery Mildew, Yellow Rust CABRIO EG PRISTINE oz oz. Begin applications pri to disease development. DO NOT make me than two sequential applications of Cabrio Pristine befe alternating to another fungicide with a different mode of action. DO NOT make me than four applications per season of Cabrio Pristine. Cabrio and Pristine have the same mode of action.

10 /Small Fruits Fungicide And Minimum Days From Last Application Disease Fmulation Acre To Harvest Comments BLACKBERRIES (cont.) Bloom Sprays (cont.) Botrytis Fruit Rot ELEVATE 5 WDG.5 lb. Apply Elevate every 7 days. DO NOT make me than two consecutive sprays. ROVRAL 5WP ROVRAL 4F - lb. - pt. Apply Rovral at early and full bloom. Two additional sprays can be applied at -day intervals if required. SWITCH 6.5WG - oz. Apply Switch at 7- to -day intervals. Orange Rust, Powdery Mildew NOVA 4W.5-.5 oz. Start applications as early as budbreak and continue at - to -day intervals. DO NOT apply me than ounces per acre per season. Powdery Mildew MICROTHIOL (Sulfur) NOVA 4W SULFUR 9W 6-5 lb oz. 6-5 lb. Start applications of Nova as early as budbreak and continue at - to -day intervals. DO NOT apply me than ounces per acre per season. Postbloom Sprays Anthracnose, Cane and Leaf Rust, Leaf Spot and Blotch, Orange Rust, Powdery Mildew, Yellow Rust CABRIO EG PRISTINE oz oz. Begin applications pri to disease development. DO NOT make me than two sequential applications of Cabrio Pristine befe alternating to another fungicide with a different mode of action. DO NOT make me than four applications per season of Cabrio Pristine. Cabrio and Pristine have the same mode of action. Botrytis Fruit Rot ELEVATE 5 WDG.5 lb. Apply Elevate every 7 days. DO NOT make me than two consecutive sprays. ROVRAL 5WP ROVRAL 4F - lb. - pt. DO NOT make me than four Rovral applications per season. SWITCH 6.5WG - oz. Apply Switch at 7- to -day intervals. Orange Rust, Powdery Mildew NOVA 4W.5-.5 oz. Start applications as early as budbreak and continue at - to -day intervals. DO NOT apply me than ounces per acre per season. Preharvest Sprays Botrytis Fruit Rot ELEVATE 5 WDG.5 lb. Apply Elevate every 7 days. DO NOT make me than two consecutive sprays. ROVRAL 5WP ROVRAL 4L - lb. - pt. Apply fungicide 3 to 5 days pri to harvest. DO NOT make me than four Rovral applications per season SWITCH 6.5WG - oz. Apply Switch at 7- to -day intervals.

11 Small Fruits/ BLACKBERRIES (cont.) Other Fungicides Available F Use On Blackberries And Diseases They Control.* ALIETTE WDG F control of Phytophtha root rot KUMULUS DF (sulfur product) F control of powdery mildew NU-COP 3L (copper hydroxide) F control of bacterial canker *See manufacturers labels f me infmation. FUNGICIDE SPRAY PROGRAM FOR BLACKBERRIES WITH AND WITHOUT DOUBLE BLOSSOM ROSETTE DISEASE No single spray schedule fits all blackberry plantings. The spray schedule below is provided f those who may need some help in designing a program. The rosette (double blossom) schedule is based on research conducted by Barbara Smith, USDA-ARS, who has found that Pristine and Switch are among the most effective Application Number (applied every to days) If rosette disease is expected: fungicides labeled f rosette control. Primocanes need protection in rosette fields as long as infected blooms are open, which can last from the bloom period until after harvest ends. Remember that the benefits of a rosette spray program will not be seen until the following spring, when this year s primocanes come out of dmancy. If anthracnose, but not rosette, is expected: (early bloom) Pristine Captan Switch Pristine 3 Pristine Captan 4 Switch Pristine 5 Pristine Captan 6 (harvest begins) Switch Pristine 7 Pristine Elevate Switch 8 Switch Pristine 9 (after harvest) ** ** ** Pristine and Switch are limited to four applications per year. If rosette blooms are still present after harvest, fixed copper Bdeaux mixture can be used, but can cause plant damage in hot weather. F anthracnose control after harvest, Captan can be used (limitation of five applications per year). F cane and leaf rust control, Nova can be used. Abound Cabrio can be substituted f Pristine, but are not as effective against Botrytis. Captan is not recommended f use during harvest because of a 3-day preharvest interval. SOURCE: Steve Bost, Profess, Entomology and Plant Pathology Department, University of Tennessee.

12 /Small Fruits Table 3. Small Fruits Disease Control. (cont.) Fungicide And Disease Fmulation BUNCH GRAPES Anthracnose COPPER SULFATE LIQUID LIME SULFUR Anthracnose, Black Rot NOVA 4W ZIRAM 76DF Acre 8 lb./ gal. gal./ gal. 3-5 oz. 3-4 lb. Minimum Days From Last Application To Harvest Dmant Sprays Comments New Growth Through Bloom Sprays Apply as a dilute spray pri to budbreak. Begin spraying when shoots are to 3 inches long and continue on 7- to -day intervals. Nova will also control black rot and powdery mildew. Apply Ziram befe buds swell and repeat after blossoming but befe fruit fms. Black Rot, Botrytis Bunch Rot, Dead Arm (Phomopsis), Downy Mildew ABOUND CAPTAN 5WP DITHANE DF*** DITHANE F-45*** DITHANE M-45*** ENDURA FLINT MANEX*** MANEX II*** MANZATE DF*** ROVRAL 4F ROVRAL 5WP TOPSIN M ZIRAM 76DF -5 oz. -4 lb..5-4 lb..-3. qt..5-4 lb oz. -4 oz..-3. qt..-3. qt..5-4 lb..5- pt..5- lb. -.5 lb. 3-4 lb Apply first spray when new shoot growth is to inches long. Apply Rovral Topsin M f bunch rot control. Captan and the EDBC compounds (marked with ***) will control downy mildew. DO NOT apply EDBCs within 66 days of harvest. DO NOT use Topsin M alone. Apply Ziram befe buds swell and repeat after blossoming but befe fruit fms. Abound should be applied in an alternating block spray program. Read manufacturer's label f me infmation. Endura is labeled f Botrytis and powdery mildew only. Use the higher rate f control of Botrytis. PRISTINE 8-.5 oz. Begin application pri to disease onset and continue on - to -day intervals. DO NOT make me than two consecutive applications befe alternating with a fungicide that has a different mode of action.

13 Small Fruits/3 Fungicide And Minimum Days From Last Application Disease Fmulation Acre To Harvest Comments BUNCH GRAPES (cont.) Cover Sprays Bitter Rot, Black Rot, Bunch Rot, Ripe Rot, Downy Mildew, Powdery Mildew CAPTAN 5WP ENDURA FERBAM 76WP FLINT 5WG NOVA 4WP PROCURE 5WS ROVRAL 5WP ROVRAL 4F SOVRAN 5WG TOPSIN M -4 lb oz. lb./ gal..5-4 oz. 3-5 oz. 4-8 oz..5- lb..5- pt oz lb Apply first cover spray days after bloom spray; then, apply every to days until harvest. Apply Rovral Topsin M f bunch rot control. Apply Rovral pri to bunch closing and beginning of fruit ripening. DO NOT exceed four applications of Rovral per season. Procure controls powdery mildew ONLY. Abound, Flint, and Sovran are in the same class of chemistry. DO NOT apply me than two sequential sprays of these products. DO NOT apply Flint to concd grapes crop injury may occur. (Read manufacturer's label f me infmation.) DO NOT use Topsin M alone. Endura is labeled f Botrytis and powdery mildew only. Use the higher rate f control of Botrytis. NOTE: Dilute sprays f bunch grapes are about gallons per acre. Concentrate sprays run from 5 to gallons per acre. PRISTINE 8-.5 oz. Begin application pri to disease onset and continue on - to -day intervals. DO NOT make me than two consecutive applications befe alternating with a fungicide that has a different mode of action. MUSCADINE GRAPES Anthracnose COPPER SULFATE LIQUID LIME SULFUR 8 lb./ gal. gal./ gal. Dmant Sprays Budbreak To 6 To 8 Weeks Pri To Harvest Apply as a dilute spray pri to budbreak. Angular Leaf Spot, Anthracnose, Black Rot, Bunch Rot Complex, Downy Mildew, Leaf Blight, Phomopsis Cane and Leaf Spot, Powdery Mildew, Ripe Rot PRISTINE 6-.5 oz. F powdery mildew, begin applications at bud break pri to onset of disease, using 6 to 8 ounces per acre at - to -day intervals. Use 8 to.5 ounces on - to -day intervals f black rot and downy mildew control. Pristine only provides suppression of Botrytis gray mold. F all other diseases listed, begin applications pri to disease development and continue on a - to -day interval. Use the higher rate when disease pressure is high. Black Rot ABOUND 5WG CAPTAN 5WP ELITE 45 WP FLINT 5WG NOVA 4W SOVRAN 5WG -5 oz. 4 lb. 4 oz..5-4 oz. 3-5 oz oz. Make first application just pri to bloom; repeat just after bloom. (See Preharvest Sprays.) Abound, Flint, and Sovran are in the same class of chemistry. DO NOT apply me than two sequential sprays of these products. Read manufacturer's label f me infmation.

14 /Small Fruits Fungicide And Disease Fmulation MUSCADINE GRAPES (cont.) Powdery Mildew CAPTAN 5WP Wettable Sulfur ABOUND 5WG ELITE 45 WP FLINT 5WG NOVA 4WP SOVRAN 5WG Acre Minimum Days From Last Application To Harvest Comments Budbreak To 6 To 8 Weeks Pri To Harvest (cont.) 4 lb. 4 lb. -5 oz. 4 oz..5-4 oz. 3-5 oz oz Bitter Rot, Black Rot, Macrophoma Rot, Ripe Rot CAPTAN 5WP 4 lb. TOPSIN M lb. Spray at -day intervals. Tank-mix wettable sulfur with Captan f powdery mildew. Abound, Flint, and Sovran are in the same class of chemistry. DO NOT apply me than two sequential sprays of these products. Read manufacturer's label f me infmation. Spray at -day intervals. DO NOT apply Topsin M alone. NOTE: Dilute sprays f muscadine grapes are about gallons per acre. Concentrate sprays run from 5 to gallons per acre. Botrytis Gray Mold, Powdery Mildew ELEVATE 5 WDG lb. Elevate provides suppression of powdery mildew only. DO NOT make me than two consecutive applications. ENDURA oz. F powdery mildew control, begin applications at bud break pri to onset of disease. Continue on a - to -day interval. F Botrytis, begin applications pri to disease development and when conditions fav disease development during early bloom, bunch preclosure, veraison. Use a higher rate at shter intervals when disease pressure is high. DO NOT make me than three sequential applications of Endura befe alternating to a fungicide with a different mode of action. STRAWBERRIES Leather Rot (Phytophtha), Red Stele ALIETTE.5-5 lb. RIDOMIL GOLD EC pt. Preplant Sprays (Fall Spring) Nematodes, Red Stele, Root Rot, Sclerotium Rot, Weeds, 3 dichlopropene TELONE II 7-35 gal. broadcast -3 weeks 78%,3 dichlopropene 6.5% chlopicrin TELONE C gal. broadcast Aliette may be applied as a preplant dip as a foliar spray. DO NOT tank-mix Aliette with copper fungicides. DO NOT apply me than.5 quarts of Ridomil per acre per season. See manufacturer's directions on label f using Ridomil on new and established plantings. Telone II controls nematodes only. Apply in the fall f best results. Controls nematodes and some soil-bne diseases.

15 Fungicide And Disease Fmulation STRAWBERRIES (cont.) Acre Minimum Days From Last Application To Harvest Comments Preplant Sprays (Fall Spring) (cont.) Nematodes, Red Stele, Root Rot, Sclerotium Rot, Weeds (cont.) 6%,3 dichlopropene 35% chlopicrin TELONE C-35 metham-sodium BUSAN VAPAM methyl bromide 67% chlopicrin 33% MC-33 TERR-O-GAS 67 methyl bromide 98% chlopicrin % MC- TERR-O-GAS 98 Botrytis Crown Rot ROVRAL 5WP ROVRAL 4F 39-5 gal. broadcast pt./ sq. ft. broadcast 35 lb. broadcast 5 lb. broadcast lb./ gal. pt./ gal. Small Fruits/5 Controls nematodes and some soil-bne diseases. -3 weeks -3 weeks -3 weeks Transplant Sprays Seal with water tarp. Methyl bromide must be sealed with a tarp at the time of injection. Fumigants must be applied to soil in seedbed condition well ahead of planting and allowed to remain in the soil f at least 48 hours. Aerate soil to 3 weeks befe planting. Most are RESTRICT- ED USE pesticides and must be applied by a certified applicat. Dip plants in Rovral solution f 5 minutes; then, plant immediately. Prebloom Sprays (From Dmancy To -cent Bloom) Angular Leaf Spot, Leaf Blight, Leaf Spot KOCIDE KOCIDE -3 lb lb. Discontinue use if signs of crop injury develop. Apply Kocide in at least gallons of water. Anthracnose, Botrytis Gray Mold, Leaf Spot, Powdery Mildew PRISTINE 8-3 oz. Apply at 7- to -day intervals. Use higher rate and shter interval when disease pressure is high. DO NOT make me than two sequential applications of Pristine befe alternating with a fungicide that has a different mode of action. DO NOT make me than five applications per year. Anthracnose, Botrytis Gray Mold CAPTEVATE 68 WDG lb. F anthracnose control, begin applications at flower bud emergence. F gray mold control, begin applications at early bloom. Continue at 7- to -day intervals. DO NOT make me than two consecutive applications. Anthracnose, Leaf Spot, Powdery Mildew CABRIO EG - oz. Begin applications no later than bloom pri to disease development and continue on a 7- to -day interval. Use the higher rate and shter interval when disease pressure is high. DO NOT make me than two sequential applications of Cabrio befe alternating to another fungicide with a different mode of action. DO NOT make me than five applications per season.

16 6/Small Fruits Fungicide And Minimum Days From Last Application Disease Fmulation Acre To Harvest Comments STRAWBERRIES (cont.) Prebloom Sprays (From Dmancy to -cent Bloom) (cont.) Foliar Diseases Anthracnose, Gray Mold (Botrytis), Leaf Blight, Leaf Scch, Leaf Spot, Powdery Mildew CAPTAN 5WP TOPSIN-M 7WP CAPTAN 5WP SYLLIT 65W THIRAM 65WP 4 lb..75- lb. 6 lb..5- lb. 4 lb. Start sprays as new growth appears and continue at 7- to -day intervals through harvest. Use Topsin- M plus Captan f anthracnose control. DO NOT use Topsin-M alone. Syllit controls only leaf spot, leaf scch, and leaf blight. Leaf Blight, Leaf Spot, Powdery Mildew NOVA 4W.5-5 oz. Begin applications when disease first appears when conditions fav disease development. Repeat applications at - to -day intervals. Observe a 3- day plantback interval after the last application. Angular Leaf Spot, Leaf Blight, Leaf Spot KOCIDE -3 lb. KOCIDE lb. Anthracnose, Leaf Spot, Powdery Mildew PRISTINE CABRIO EG 8-3 oz. - oz. Bloom Through Harvest Sprays Discontinue use if signs of crop injury develop. Apply Kocide in at least gallons of water. Begin applications no later than bloom pri to disease development and continue on a 7- to -day intervals. Use the higher rate and shter interval when disease pressure is high. DO NOT make me than two sequential applications of Cabrio Pristine befe alternating to another fungicide with a different mode of action. DO NOT make me than five applications per season. Anthracnose, Botrytis Gray Mold CAPTEVATE 68 WDG lb. F anthracnose control, begin applications at flower bud emergence. F gray mold control, begin applications at early bloom. Continue at 7- to -day intervals. DO NOT make me than two consecutive applications. Gray Mold (Botrytis) SWITCH 6.5WG - oz. Begin applications at bloom and continue at 7- to - day intervals. Switch should be alternated with other fungicides. DO NOT plant rotational crops other than strawberries onions f months following the last application. DO NOT mix Switch with Quadris.

17 Small Fruits/7 Fungicide And Minimum Days From Last Application Disease Fmulation Acre To Harvest Comments STRAWBERRIES (cont.) Bloom Through Harvest Sprays (cont.) Fruit Rots & Leaf Diseases Anthracnose, Botrytis Gray Mold, Leaf Blight, Leaf Scch, Leaf Spot, Powdery Mildew CAPTAN 5WP ELEVATE 5WG CAPTAN 5WP QUADRIS CAPTAN 5WP TOPSIN-M 7WP ROVRAL 4F ROVRAL 5WP THIRAM 65WP 4 lb..5 lb. 4 lb oz. 4 lb..75- lb..5- pt..5- lb. 4 lb. Apply every 7 to days. Apply Quadris with Captan if Anthracnose is a problem. Apply Elevate Topsin M with Captan if Botrytis is a problem. DO NOT use Quadris, Elevate, Topsin-M alone. DO NOT make me than four applications of Rovral per season. Leaf Blight, Leaf Spot, Powdery Mildew NOVA 4W.5-5 oz. PROCURE 5WS 4-8 oz. 7 Begin applications when disease first appears when conditions fav disease development. Repeat applications at - to -day intervals. Observe a 3- day plantback interval after the last application with Nova. Procure controls only powdery mildew. Postharvest Sprays Leaf Blight, Leaf Scch, Leaf Spot CAPTAN 5WP 4 lb. Mow and remove old leaves after harvest. Then, make two fungicide applications at -week intervals to control leaf spot. Botrytis cinerea histically has a high potential to develop resistance; therefe it is imptant to give the following recommendations serious consideration. Fungicide resistance management recommendations are () limiting the number of times fungicides of the same class are applied in one year, () tank mixing a benzimidazole (Topsin-M) fungicide with a broad spectrum fungicide such as Captan Thiram, (3) applying fungicides of the same class in a block of sprays (two to three sprays) then alternating to a fungicide of a different class in the next block of sprays. Fruit rot disease develop rapidly during wet periods in poly ventilated locations. Control is easier when initiated befe the problem develops. It is currently suggested that you save the strobilurin fungicides (Quadris, Cabrio, and Pristine) f use in controlling anthracnose diseases during optimum disease conditions once symptoms are observed. Captan, Thiram, and Topsin-M should help to suppress anthracnose when utilized in Botrytis/other disease control applications, but the strobilurin materials are currently the most efficacious materials f control of anthracnose. Some of these strobilurin materials may have activity against multiple pathogens other than anthracnose, but unless anthracnose occurs in conjunction with these other diseases of concern, it is suggested that the strobilurins be saved f control of anthracnose, since they are the most effective materials we have on the market f anthracnose control at this time. With only five total applications of these materials, it is imperative that they be utilized effectively. Also, reisistance management is extremely imptant with the strobilurins; make sure to follow all resistance management guidelines.

18 8/Small Fruits Table 4. Relative Effectiveness Of Chemicals F Disease Control On Grapes. Disease Fungicide Captan Copper Lime Ferbam Mancozeb Nova Rovral Rubigan Sulfur Bitter Rot Black Rot Botrytis Rot 3 Downy Mildew Ratings on a scale of to 3: = Ineffective; 3 = Highly effective Phomopsis Cane And Leaf Spot 3 3 Powdery Mildew Table 5. Relative Effectiveness of Fungicides f Control of Strawberry Diseases. Fungicide Botrytis Gray Mold Anthracnose Fruit and Crown Rot Powdery Mildew Leather Rot, Red Stele, Phytophtha Root/Crown Rots Common Leaf Spot Leaf Blight (Phomopsis) Leaf Scch Aliette Cabrio Captevate 3 Captan Elevate 3 Nova Pristine Procure 3 Quadris 3 3 Ridomil 3 Switch 3 Thiram Topsin-M 3=highly effective, =moderately effective, =somewhat effective, =not effective. SOURCE: Department of Entomology, University of Gegia. Table 6. Properties Of Fungicides And Nematicides Used On Small Fruits That May Affect Water Quality. Common Name Captan Chlopicrin Dichlopropene Ferbam Iprodione Metam Sodium Salt Thiram Trifine Trade Name Captan Telone Telone Carbamate Rovral Vapam, Busan Thiram Funginex, Ortho Trifin Surface-Loss Potential NA Small Low Medium Medium Small Medium Medium Leaching Potential NA Small Medium Medium Small Medium Medium Small The surface-loss potential indicates the tendency of the pesticide to move with sediment in runoff. The leaching potential indicates the tendency of the pesticide to move in solution with water and to leach below the root zone. NA = Infmation not available.

19 Disease Control section prepared by Edward J. Sika, Extension Plant Pathologist, Alabama Cooperative Extension System. Small Fruits/9

20 /Small Fruits WEED CONTROL Controlling weeds with herbicides in the row of fruit crops is a sound production and harvesting practice. Herbicides should generally be applied in to 4 gallons of water per acre. Where the weeds are sht (4 inches tall less), 5 to gallons per acre will provide adequate coverage. However, taller weeds require a higher volume of spray mix per acre. Operate the herbicide sprayer in a pressure range of to 4 psi. If operated at higher pressures, drift becomes a problem and can lead to damage. Another imptant fact is the height of the boom above the ground. To get properly designed overlap, the height should be 8 inches f 8-degree series nozzles. The following infmation can help you set up your sprayer crectly: At 3 psi and 4 mph, a Spraying Systems Teejet 84 nozzle will deliver 6 gallons per acre. At the same pressure and speed, an 85 nozzle will deliver 3 gallons per acre; 86, 39 gallons per acre; 88, 5 gallons per acre. To help you calibrate your herbicide sprayer, see Extension Circular ANR-57, Equipment and Calibration F Low- Pressure Ground Sprayers. GRAPES The herbicides listed in the following table are all labeled f use on grapes. They will control a number of problem weeds but not all of them. Some perennial weeds, such as nutsedge and briars, will not be controlled by any of these products. Generally, the low rate given should be used on coarse-textured soils with low ganic matter, and the high rate should be used on heavy clay soils. Always read the herbicide label befe using to determine the appropriate rate and observe all use precautions. Rates given are based on a treatedacre basis, not on a planted-acre basis. Table 7. Small Fruits Weed Control. Herbicide Trade Name (Rate/Acre Broadcast) GRAPES CASORON 4G (-5 lb.) Herbicide Common Name (Active Herbicide/Acre) dichlobenil (4-6 lb.) Comments Preemergence May be used on bearing and non-bearing vines. DO NOT apply until 6 months after transplanting. Controls annual grasses, broadleaf weeds, and some perennials. Apply in late winter befe the weeds emerge. Rainfall sprinkler irrigation after application is needed to activate the herbicide. DO NOT allow animals to graze on treated areas. GOAL.6E (.5- pt.) KARMEX DF (-3 lb.) DIREX 4L (.5-.5 qt.) PRINCEP 9DF SIMAZINE 9DF (.-5.3 lb.) PRINCEP 4L SIMAZINE 4L (-4.8 qt.) oxyflufen (.5- lb.) diuron (.6-.4 lb.) simazine (-4.8 lb.) Apply under dmant vines befe budswell f control of broadleaf weeds. Higher rates provide residual control. May be mixed with Gramoxone, Roundup, Devrinol, diuron, simazine, etc. Apply ONLY to established vineyards that have completed three growing seasons. DO NOT apply to vines with trunks less than.5 inches in diameter because injury may result. Injury may occur if heavy rains follow treatment. Controls annual broadleaf weeds and grasses. DO NOT allow animals to graze treated areas. Apply ONLY to established vineyards that have completed three growing seasons. Controls annual broadleaf weeds and grasses. Use the low rate on coarse-textured soils and higher rate on fine-textured soils. DO NOT apply to sandy gravelly soils. Apply any time between harvest and early spring. DO NOT allow animals to graze treated areas. Requires rainfall sprinkler irrigation f activation.

21 Small Fruits/ Herbicide Trade Name (Rate/Acre Broadcast) GRAPES (cont.) PROWL 3.3E ( qt.) PROWL H O (4-8 pt.) Herbicide Common Name (Active Herbicide/Acre) pendimethalin (-4 lb.) Comments Preemergence (cont.) Apply only to NON-BEARING vineyards. DO NOT apply to new plantings until the soil has settled around each vine. Apply to a weed-free soil surface because emerged weeds are not controlled. Rainfall irrigation is needed f herbicide activation. Use the low rate f - to 4-month weed control and the high rate f 6- to 8-month control. SOLICAM DF (.5-5 lb.) nflurazon (-4 lb.) Apply to bearing non-bearing vines that have been established in the field f at least years. Apply as a directed spray on sandy loam finer soil types from fall to early spring. Make only one application per year. DO NOT apply to sands, loamy sands, gravelly textured soils. DO NOT graze treated areas. Solicam requires rainfall sprinkler irrigation f activation. SURFLAN 4AS (-6 qt.) FUSILADE DX (.75 pt.) Crop Oil Concentrate ( pt.) Non-ionic Surfactant (.5 pt.) yzalin (-6 lb.) fluazifop-butyl (. lb.) crop oil concentrate non-ionic surfactant Postemergence Apply to bearing and non-bearing vineyards. May be applied after the soil has settled around new plantings. Controls many annual grasses and small-seeded broadleaf weeds. It will not control emerged weeds. Use low rate f - to 4- month weed control and high rate f 8- to -month control. Rainfall irrigation is necessary f herbicide activation. DO NOT graze treated areas. Apply only to NON-BEARING vines that will not be harvested within year after application. Apply as a directed spray using 5 to gallons of spray solution per acre with a spray pressure of at least 3 psi. Use higher volumes with dense grass growth. A nonphytotoxic crop oil concentrate non-ionic surfactant must be used with this herbicide. Use a crop oil concentrate with Fusilade to control perennial grasses, such as bermudagrass and johnsongrass. Repeat application may be needed if regrowth occurs. Will not control broadleaf weeds and nutsedges (nutgrass). GRAMOXONE MAX (.6-.5 pt.) BOA (.5-3 pt.) Non-ionic Surfactant POAST.5E (.5-.5 pt.) Crop Oil Concentrate ( pt.) RELY (3-5 qt.) paraquat (.5- lb.) non-ionic surfactant sethoxydim (.5-.5 lb.) crop oil concentrate glufosinate (3-5 lb.) Controls most annual broadleaf weeds and grasses and topkills perennials. Apply as a coarse directed spray in to 5 gallons of water per acre. Add.5 to pint non-ionic surfactant per gallons of final spray solution. DO NOT allow spray to contact green stems, fruit, foliage. DO NOT spray under windy conditions. Use a shield f young vines. DO NOT allow animals to graze on treated areas. Gramoxone Extra is a RESTRICTED USE pesticide. Apply as a directed spray in to gallons of spray solution per acre. F perennial grass control, make two applications to 3 weeks apart using the lower rate each time. Will not control broadleaf weeds and nutsedge. DO NOT apply within 5 days of harvest. Apply as a directed spray under vines f control of emerged weeds. DO NOT use within year of transplanting. DO NOT allow spray to contact green stems foliage.

22 /Small Fruits Herbicide Trade Name (Rate/Acre Broadcast) GRAPES (cont.) ROUNDUP WEATHER MAX ( pt.) TOUCHDOWN IQ GLYPHOSATE (Generic fms) Non-ionic Surfactant ( pt./5 gal. spray mix) Herbicide Common Name (Active Herbicide/Acre) glyphosate (.75-4 lb.) non-ionic surfactant Comments Postemergence (cont.) NOTE: Postemergence applications may be omitted if deemed unnecessary. DO NOT allow spray to mist contact green foliage, green bark, suckers, vines. Use in plantings that have completed three me growing seasons. Green suckers should be removed befe shielded during application. Controls a broad spectrum of annual and perennial grasses and weeds. Apply in established vineyards use f site preparation pri to the transplanting of new vines. See label f specific rates. Chemical Weed Control Program F Grapes The following is an example of a chemical weed control program f first- through fourth-year vineyards, assuming a mixed population of grasses and broadleaf weeds. First Year year of planting. Prowl, Surflan, Devrinol after soil has settled.. Gramoxone directed during summer f emerged weeds. 3. Poast Fusilade f perennial grasses as needed. Second Year. Cason in January February.. Prowl, Surflan, Devrinol in February March. 3. Gramoxone directed during the summer. 4. Solicam in November. Third Year. Prowl, Surflan, Devrinol in February March.. Gramoxone directed during the summer. 3. Solicam in November. Fourth Year, and years thereafter. Prowl, Surflan, Devrinol in February March.. Simazine Diuron plus Gramoxone Extra in April. 3. Roundup (glyphosate) Touchdown directed f perennial weeds (e.g., nutsedge, honeysuckle, etc.) as needed. 4. Solicam in November.

23 BLUEBERRIES Small Fruits/3 The herbicides listed in the following table are all labeled f use on blueberries. These herbicides will control a number of problem weeds but not all of them. Some perennial weeds, such as nutsedge and briars, will not be controlled by any of these products. Generally, the low rate given should be used on coarser textured soils with low ganic matter, and the high rate should be used on heavy clay soils. Always read the herbicide label befe use to determine the appropriate rate and observe all use precautions. The rates given are based on a treated acre and not on a planted acre. Table 7. Small Fruits Weed Control. (cont.) Herbicide Trade Name (Rate/Acre Broadcast) BLUEBERRIES Herbicide Common Name (Active Herbicide/Acre) Comments Preemergence CASORON 4G (-5 lb.) PRINCEP 4L SIMAZINE 4L (-4 qt.) PRINCEP 9DF SIMAZINE 9DF (.-4.4 lb.) SINBAR 8WP (.5- lb.) SOLICAM DF (.5-5 lb.) SURFLAN 4AS (-6 qt.) dichlobenil (4-6 lb.) simazine (-4 qt.) terbacil (.4-.6 lb.) nflurazon (-4 lb.) yzalin (-6 lb.) Cason can be used on blueberry plantings that have been established f me than year. Application should be made in January February when air temperature is 5 F lower. Following application, the herbicide should be incpated into the soil irrigated into the soil with.5 to inch of water. This herbicide controls a number of annual grasses and broadleaf weeds. Simazine can be used on blueberry plantings that have been established f me than year. This herbicide can be applied in the spring, a split application can be made in the spring and fall. Simazine controls many annual grasses and broadleaf weeds but will not control established weeds. Treat only plantings established f year me. Use in spring after harvest either befe weeds emerge shtly after. DO NOT use on sandy soils with less than 3 percent ganic matter. Apply to bearing non-bearing plantings that are 6 months old older. Apply as a directed spray on sandy loams soils having a finer texture from fall to early spring. Make only one application per year. DO NOT apply to sands, loamy sands, gravelly textured soils. DO NOT graze treated areas. Surflan can be used on new and established plantings of all ages. DO NOT apply on new plantings until the soil has settled and there are no cracks present. Surflan should be applied to a weed-free soil surface and activated by rainfall irrigation within days. This herbicide controls many annual grasses and some small-seeded broadleaf weeds. DO NOT graze treated areas. DO NOT apply to lowbush blueberries.

24 4/Small Fruits Herbicide Trade Name (Rate/Acre Broadcast) BLUEBERRIES (cont.) Herbicide Common Name (Active Herbicide/Acre) Comments Postemergence FUSILADE DX (.75 pt.) Crop Oil Concentrate ( pt.) Non-ionic Surfactant (.5 pt.) GRAMOXONE MAX (.6-.5 pt.) BOA (.75-3 pt.) Non-ionic Surfactant POAST.5E (.5-.5 pt.) Crop Oil Concentrate ( pt.) ROUNDUP WEATHER MAX ( pt.) TOUCHDOWN IQ GLYPHOSATE (Generic fms) Non-ionic Surfactant ( pt./5 gal. spray mix) fluazifop-butyl (. lb.) crop oil concentrate non-ionic surfactant paraquat (.5- lb.) non-ionic surfactant sethoxydim (.5-.5 lb.) crop oil concentrate glyphosate (-4 lb.) non-ionic surfactant Fusilade is labeled f use on NON-BEARING plants that will not produce fruit within year from the time of application. Make application as a directed spray to prevent contact with the foliage. Use a non-ionic surfactant with at least 75-percent active ingredient at the rate of.5 pint per acre. Use 5 to gallons of water per acre with a spray pressure of 3 to 6 psi. Two applications may be needed f the control of large grasses. F control of perennial grasses such as bermudagrass and johnsongrass, see product label. This herbicide will not control broadleaf weeds nutsedge (nutgrass). DO NOT mix this herbicide with any other herbicide pesticide. Gramoxone Extra is cleared f use on bearing and nonbearing plantings. Generally, it is best to use this herbicide after the first growing season unless the plants are protected from the spray. Apply as a coarse directed spray to thoughly wet weeds at the base of the blueberries. Use a non-ionic surfactant such as X-77 at 8 to 6 ounces per gallons of spray solution. Apply befe emergence of new canes shoots; otherwise, injury can result. This herbicide will control many small emerged annual weeds and will suppress the growth of some perennial weeds. Gramoxone Extra is a RESTRICTED USE pesticide. Apply as a directed spray in a maximum of gallons of spray solution per acre. F bermudagrass control, make two applications to 3 weeks apart using the lower rate each time. Broadleaf weeds and nutsedge (nutgrass) will not be controlled. DO NOT apply within 3 days of harvest. DO NOT allow spray to contact green foliage, stems, suckers. Provides postemergence control of a wide variety of broadleaf weeds and annual grasses. DO NOT apply within days of harvest.

25 Small Fruits/5 BLACKBERRIES The herbicides listed in the following table are all labeled f use on blackberries. These herbicides will control a number of problem weeds but not all of them. Some perennial weeds, such as nutsedge and briars, will not be controlled by any of these products. Generally, the low rate given should be used on coarser textured soils with low ganic matter, and the high rate should be used on heavy clay soils. Always read the herbicide label befe use to determine the appropriate rate and observe all use precautions. The rates given are based on a treated acre and not on a planted acre. Table 7. Small Fruits Weed Control. (cont.) Herbicide Trade Name (Rate/Acre Broadcast) BLACKBERRIES CASORON 4G ( lb.) Herbicide Common Name (Active Herbicide/Acre) dichlobenil (4 lb.) Comments Preemergence Use ONLY on plantings established f 6 months me and DO NOT apply within month of harvest. Controls annual grasses, broadleaf weeds, and some perennials. Apply from late fall to late winter when temperatures are below 5 F. Rainfall sprinkler irrigation is needed after application f herbicide activation. DO NOT graze treated areas. DO NOT apply during new shoot emergence. PRINCEP 4L SIMAZINE 4L (-4 qt.) PRINCEP 9DF SIMAZINE 9DF (.-4.4 lb.) SINBAR 8WP (.5- lb.) SOLICAM DF (.5-5 lb.) SURFLAN 4AS (-6 qt.) simazine (-4 lb.) terbacil (.4-.6 lb.) nflurazon (-4 lb.) yzalin (-6 lb.) Apply to established plantings in the spring and/ fall. On container plantings less than 6 months old, one-half of the low rate may be used. Use lower rate on light soils. DO NOT apply when fruit is present because illegal residues may result. DO NOT apply me than 4 quarts 5 pounds per acre during any one growing season. Controls annual grasses and broadleaf weeds. Treat only plantings established f year me. Use in spring after harvest either befe weeds emerge shtly after. DO NOT use on sandy soils with less than 3 percent ganic matter. DO NOT apply within 7 days of harvest. Apply from fall to early spring befe weeds emerge. Apply when the crop is dmant. The soil must be free of weeds at the time of application since emerged weeds are not controlled. Make ONLY one application per year. Use of Solicam may result in tempary bleaching of the leaves, but the plant will recover. Use lower rate on light soils. DO NOT graze treated areas. Surflan can be used on new and established plantings of all ages. Surflan controls many annual grasses and small-seeded broadleaf weeds. Rainfall irrigation is necessary f herbicide activation. Use the low rate f - to 4-month weed control and the high rate f 8- to -month control. Apply in to 4 gallons of water per treated acre. Will not control emerged weeds. DO NOT graze treated areas.

26 6/Small Fruits Herbicide Trade Name (Rate/Acre Broadcast) BLACKBERRIES FUSILADE DX (.75 pt.) Non-ionic Surfactant Crop Oil Concentrate ( pt./5 gal. spray mix) Herbicide Common Name (Active Herbicide/Acre) fluazifop-butyl (. lb.) non-ionic surfactant crop oil concentrate Comments Postemergence Apply to NON-BEARING plantings that will not be harvested within year of application. Apply as a directed spray in 5 to gallons of water per acre. A non-ionic surfactant at pints per gallons crop oil concentrate at 4 pints per gallons of final spray solution MUST be used with Fusilade. A repeat application may be needed on perennial grasses. Broadleaf weeds and nutsedge (nutgrass) will not be controlled. GRAMOXONE MAX (.6-.5 pt.) BOA (.75-3 pt.) Non-ionic Surfactant POAST.5 E (.5.5 pt.) Crop Oil Concentrate ( pt./acre) ROUNDUP WEATHER MAX ( pt.) TOUCHDOWN IQ GLYPHOSATE (Generic fms) Non-ionic surfactant ( pt./5 gal. spray mix) paraquat (.5- lb.) non-ionic surfactant sethoxydim (.5-.5 lb.) crop oil concentrate glyphosate (-4 lb.) non-ionic surfactant Controls many annual grasses and broadleaf weeds and suppresses top growth of perennial weeds. Apply as a coarse directed spray in to 4 gallons of water to thoughly wet weeds. DO NOT allow spray to contact green stems, foliage, fruit. Add non-ionic surfactant at pint per gallons of final spray solution. Does not provide residual control. Use lower rate on weeds less than 3 inches tall. DO NOT graze treated areas. Gramoxone Extra is a RESTRICTED USE pesticide. Apply as a directed spray in to gallons of spray solution per acre. A crop oil concentrate at pints per acre 4 pints per gallons spray solution MUST be used with Poast. A repeat application may be needed on perennial grasses. Broadleaf weeds and nutsedge (nutgrass) will not be controlled. DO NOT apply within 45 days of harvest. DO NOT allow spray to contact green foliage, stems, suckers. Provides postemergence control of a wide variety of broadleaf weeds and annual grasses. Add non-ionic surfactant at pints per 5 gallons of spray solution. DO NOT apply within days of harvest. NOTE: Postemergence applications may be omitted if deemed unnecessary. Chemical Weed Control Program F Blueberries And Blackberries The following is an example of a chemical weed control program f first- through third-year blueberry and blackberry plantings, assuming a mixed population of grasses and broadleaf weeds. First Year year of planting. Surflan after the soil has settled.. Poast Fusilade f perennial grasses as needed. 3. Gramoxone applied with a shielded sprayer during the summer f emerged weeds. 4. Solicam in November. Second Year. Surflan Devrinol in March.. Simazine plus Gramoxone in April. 3. Gramoxone directed as needed during the summer. 4. Solicam in November. Third Year, and years thereafter. Cason in January.. Surflan Devrinol in March. 3. Simazine plus Gramoxone Extra in April. 4. Gramoxone as needed during the summer. 5. Solicam in November.

27 Small Fruits/7 STRAWBERRIES Several different cultural systems are used in the Southeast f strawberry production. In Alabama, some strawberries are grown in a 3-year cycle using a matted-row system of culture. The first year is spent establishing a good population of plants with berry harvesting occurring in the second and third growing seasons. Good weed control in strawberries grown in matted rows is difficult; however, the program in the following table should make the task easier. Any step in this program may be omitted when weeds are not present at the suggested time of treatment. In fields where irrigation is not practiced, weed control may be inconsistent. Also, weeds should be present befe applications of,4-d are made. Another cultural system f growing strawberries is the annual hill plasticulture system. This is a system where strawberries are planted annually on a raised bed covered with black plastic. See Extension Circular ANR-633, Commercial Strawberry Production, f me infmation. Table 8. Strawberry Weed Control. Herbicide Trade Name (Rate/Acre Broadcast) Herbicide Common Name (Active Herbicide/Acre) Comments Matted Row During Year Of Establishment (First Growing Season) STEP : DACTHAL W-75 ( lb.) DEVRINOL E (8 qt.) STEP : POAST.5E (-.5 pt.) Crop Oil Concentrate ( pt.) PRISM Herbicide (3-7 fl. oz.) STEP 3: See Comments. GRAMOXONE MAX (.3 pt.) Non-ionic Surfactant STEP 4: See Comments. DCPA (9 lb.) napropamide (4 lb.) sethoxydim (.-.5 lb.) crop oil concentrate clethodin (. -.5 lb.) paraquat (.5 lb.) non-ionic surfactant Plant strawberries into a well-prepared field free of nutsedge, johnsongrass, bermudagrass, and other perennial weeds. See Circular ANR-633, Commercial Strawberry Production. Multiple applications of non-selective, non-residual herbicides such as Roundup Touchdown interspersed with tillage can reduce weed pressure if initiated several months pri to planting. Apply Dacthal Devrinol after transplanting to a clean seedbed. Overhead irrigation rainfall is required f activation within 4 hours after applying Devrinol. These herbicides control annual grasses and small-seeded broadleaf weeds. Apply as an over-the-top spray to control any actively growing grasses. Add pints of crop oil concentrate per acre and apply in a spray volume of to gallons per acre. DO NOT apply within 7 days of harvest. Thoughly clean spray tank befe using Poast. Apply postemergence f control of emerging annual and perennial grasses. Will not control broadleaf weeds nutsedge. DO NOT apply within 5 days of harvest. Mechanically remove hand-pull weeds from the rows in late June. Cultivate the middles with flat sweeps run shallowly use a directed application of Gramoxone in the middles with a shielded sprayer. See below f rates and instructions. Apply as a postemergence shielded spray in row middles f control of emerged annual broadleaf weeds and annual grasses during the year of crop establishment. Apply in to 4 gallons of spray mix per acre using shields to prevent spray contact with crop plants. Add a non-ionic surfactant at.5 to pint per 5 gallons of spray solution. Does not provide residual activity. DO NOT make me than three applications per crop season. DO NOT apply within days of harvest. Gramoxone Extra is a RESTRICTED USE pesticide. Repeat procedures used in Step 3 in July August.

28 8/Small Fruits Herbicide Trade Name (Rate/Acre Broadcast) Herbicide Common Name (Active Herbicide/Acre) Comments Matted Row During Year Of Establishment (First Growing Season) (cont.) STEP 5:,4-D AMINE (several fmulations),4-d (.5- lb.) The weed control program f established strawberry beds is outlined below. Herbicide rates to use are given in the table on the previous page. After strawberry harvest during the third growing season, many strawberry producers destroy Apply in late winter f control of existing broadleaf weeds. Use the lower rate on small weeds to minimize crop injury. Some crop injury may occur but strawberry plants will recover. Apply,4-D as a spot treatment to minimize crop injury. F Established Beds (Second and Third Growing Seasons) Three-Year Herbicide Program (Matted Row) First Growing Season Year Of Establishment January February Plant strawberries; apply Dacthal Devrinol March Apply Poast Prism Late June Cultivate apply Gramoxone directed July Cultivate apply Gramoxone directed September Hand-weed rows January February Apply,4-D Amine** followed by Dacthal Devrinol existing plants and establish new beds during late fall winter. If the existing strawberry beds are to be carried into the fourth growing season, follow the remainder of the program listed in the outline. Second Growing Season March to May June July August January Harvest fruit Renovate cultivate Apply Poast Prism Cultivate apply Gramoxone directed Apply,4-D Amine** followed by Dacthal Devrinol Third Growing Season March to May June July August January STEP. Harvest fruit Renovate cultivate Apply Poast Prism Cultivate apply Gramoxone directed Apply,4-D Amine** Annual Hill Plasticulture If possible, select an area that is free of perennial weeds, such as nutsedge, trumpetcreeper, dewberry. STEP. STEP 3. **Use only if necessary. Follow procedures f fumigation and planting as described in Circular ANR-633. Weed control in the middles can be accomplished using the herbicides listed in the matted row section. Weed control over the plastic will be limited if weeds emerge through planting holes in the plastic. Poast can be used to control grasses. Broadleaf weeds such as vetch and Carolina geranium can be controlled with,4-d, but strawberry varieties differ in their tolerance to this herbicide. Hand weeding may be required. Weed Control section prepared by Michael G. Patterson and John W. Everest, Extension Weed Scientists, and Bobby Boozer, Extension Hticulturist, Alabama Cooperative Extension System.

29 Small Fruits/9 Table 9. Estimated Effectiveness Of Recommended Herbicide Treatments On Imptant Weeds Infesting Small Fruits In Alabama And Properties That May Affect Water Quality. HERBICIDES WEEDS Cason (PRE) Dacthal, Devrinol (PRE) Goal (PRE) Karmex (PRE) Princep (PRE) Prowl, Surflan (PRE) GRASSES Bermudagrass 3 Crabgrass Fall Panicum Goosegrass Solicam (PRE) Johnsongrass (rhizome) -- Johnsongrass (seedling) Nutsedge 5 Texas Panicum BROADLEAVES Cocklebur Flida Pusley Lambsquarter Mninggly Pigweed Prickly Sida Ragweed Sicklepod Spotted Spurge Surface-Loss Potential M M M M M S M Leaching Potential 3 M M M M M S M continued Ratings are based on observations of research plots and field use under average weather conditions f several years by weed control wkers in Alabama and the South. Leaching and surface-loss potential ratings are based in part on herbicide chemical characteristics and pesticide behavi models developed by USDA scientists as well as on field experience. The surface-loss potential indicates the tendency of the pesticide to move with sediment in runoff. 3 The leaching potential indicates the tendency of the pesticide to move in solution with water and to leach below the root zone. KEY TO CONTROL RATINGS AND ABBREVIATIONS Ratings scale: = No control; = % control; -- = Infmation not available. PPI = Preplant Incpated; PRE = Preemergence. S = Small; M = Medium; L = Large.

30 3/Small Fruits Table 9. Estimated Effectiveness Of Recommended Herbicide Treatments On Imptant Weeds Infesting Small Fruits In Alabama And Properties That May Affect Water Quality. (cont.) HERBICIDES WEEDS,4-D (POST) Poast, Prism, Fusilade (POST) BOA, Gramoxone (PDS) Rely (PDS) Roundup, Touchdown (PDS) GRASSES Bermudagrass Crabgrass Fall Panicum Goosegrass Johnsongrass (rhizome) Johnsongrass (seedling) Nutsedge Texas Panicum BROADLEAVES Cocklebur Flida Pusley Lambsquarter Mninggly Pigweed Prickly Sida Ragweed Sicklepod Spotted Spurge Surface-Loss Potential M M S S S Leaching Potential 3 S S S S S Ratings are based on observations of research plots and field use under average weather conditions f several years by weed control wkers in Alabama and the South. Leaching and surface-loss potential ratings are based in part on herbicide chemical characteristics and pesticide behavi models developed by USDA scientists as well as on field experience. The surface-loss potential indicates the tendency of the pesticide to move with sediment in runoff. 3 The leaching potential indicates the tendency of the pesticide to move in solution with water and to leach below the root zone. KEY TO CONTROL RATINGS AND ABBREVIATIONS Ratings scale: = No control; = % control. PRE = Preemergence; POST = Postemergence; PDS = Post Directed Spray. S = Small; M = Medium.

31 Small Fruits/3 Table. Herbicide Classification By Mode Of Action. Mode of Action Herbicide AMINO ACID SYNTHESIS Rely, Roundup, Touchdown INHIBITORS CELL MEMBRANE DISRUPTORS Gramoxone GROWTH REGULATORS,4-D LIPID SYNTHESIS INHIBITORS Fusilade, Poast, Prism PHOTOSYNTHETIC INHIBITORS Princep, Solicam ROOT GROWTH INHIBITORS Devrinol, Prowl, Surflan

32 3/Small Fruit 5IPM-478 F me infmation, call your county Extension office. It is listed in your telephone directy under your county's name. Use pesticides only accding to the directions on the label. Follow all directions, precautions, and restrictions that are listed. Do not use pesticides on plants that are not listed on the label. The pesticide rates in this publication are recommended only if they are registered with the Environmental Protection Agency the Alabama Department of Agriculture and Industries. If a registration is changed cancelled, the rate listed here is no longer recommended. Befe you apply any pesticide, check with your county Extension agent f the latest infmation. Trade names are used only to give specific infmation. The Alabama Cooperative Extension System does not endse guarantee any product and does not recommend one product instead of another that might be similar. Issued in furtherance of Cooperative Extension wk in agriculture and home economics, Acts of May 8 and June 3, 9, and other related acts, in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Agriculture. The Alabama Cooperative Extension System (Alabama A&M University and Auburn University) offers educational programs, materials, and equal opptunity employment to all people without regard to race, col, national igin, religion, sex, age, veteran status, disability.