Propagation techniques in horticulture

Transcription

1 Propagation techniques in horticulture

2 Main methods of propagation Sexual seed yearling (seedling) for some rootstock cultivars (fruit) for breeding most of the vegetables Asexual (vegetative, clonal) from stem, leaf or root part for some rootstocks Scions for fruits most of ornamentals a few vegetable species Micropropagation to create virus free propagation material for very quick propagation of new varieties

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4 Germination of seeds

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8 Asexual propagation methods Using plant parts rooted by themselves Runner daughter plant strawberry

9 Asexual propagation methods Using plant parts rooted by themselves Runner daughter plant strawberry Rooted suckers and tillers blackberry, raspberry

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12 Asexual propagation methods Using plant parts rooted by themselves Crown division each subdivision has to be at least one bud and some roots

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17 Asexual propagation methods Using plant parts rooted by themselves Crown division Rooting of plant parts Layerings first rooting then cut from the mother plant Cuttings first cut from the mother plant then rooted

18 Asexual propagation methods Using plant parts rooted by themselves Crown division Rooting of plant parts Layerage (layering)

19 Mound layering

20 Tip layering

21 Layering of grape

22 Trench layering

23 Air layering

24 Asexual propagation methods Using plant parts rooted by themselves Crown division Rooting of plant parts Layerage (layering) Cuttage (cutting) leafy, softwood, hardwood cuttings

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28 Asexual propagation methods Using plant parts rooted by themselves Crown division Rooting of plant parts Layerage (layering) Cuttage (cutting) leafy or softwood, semihardwood, hardwood cuttings root and stem (shoot) cuttings according to the method of severing: simple, torned, hammer like

29 simple torned hammer like

30 Asexual propagation methods Using plant parts rooted by themselves Crown division Rooting of plant parts Uniting two (or more) plant parts Grafting Budding 1) graftings = stock + scion 2) compatibility 3) matching surfaces, cambiums 4) grafting in orchard, nursery or bench grafting

31 Reasons for using stocks forming root system resistance to diseaeses and pests controlling size apple M26, M9, M27; pear quince; sweet and sour cherries forming trunk (apricot, plum) lime tolerance: peach almond stock soil physical properties: apricot Prunus cerasifera for clay soils, wild apricot for sandy soils salt tolerance cold tolerance

32 Asexual propagation methods Using plant parts rooted by themselves Crown division Rooting of plant parts Uniting two (or more) plant parts Grafting Whip (English, palm) grafting

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35 Whip grafting of grapewine

36 Asexual propagation methods Using plant parts rooted by themselves Crown division Rooting of plant parts Uniting two (or more) plant parts Grafting Whip (English, palm) grafting Cleft grafting

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38 Cleft grafting of grapevine

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40 Asexual propagation methods Using plant parts rooted by themselves Crown division Rooting of plant parts Uniting two (or more) plant parts Grafting Whip (English, palm) grafting Cleft grafting Saw-Kerf grafting

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42 Asexual propagation methods Using plant parts rooted by themselves Crown division Rooting of plant parts Uniting two (or more) plant parts Grafting Whip (English, palm) grafting Cleft grafting Saw-Kerf grafting Bark grafting

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44 Bark grafting of grapevine

45 Asexual propagation methods Using plant parts rooted by themselves Crown division Rooting of plant parts Uniting two (or more) plant parts Grafting Whip (English, palm) grafting Cleft grafting Saw-Kerf grafting Bark grafting Grafting with mechanical knives

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48 Asexual propagation methods Using plant parts rooted by themselves Crown division Rooting of plant parts Uniting two (or more) plant parts Grafting Budding according to its time: dormant budding, June budding according to its method: T (shield) budding, chip budding

49 T budding using bud shield

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53 Patch grafting

54 Which plant what method? grape whip (English) grafting, hardwood cuttings pome fruits: stock mound layering; scion whip grafting, dormant budding stone fruits: stock seed or layering; scion dormant budding gooseberry, currants: hardwood cuttings or grafting blackberry, raspberry rooted suckers strawberry runners hazelnut layering, hardwood cuttings walnut, chestnut, almond dormant budding