Dr. Carmo Vasconcelos Oregon State University

Transcription

1 Dr. Carmo Vasconcelos Oregon State University

2 Cinerea Cordifolia Börner Malègue Riparia Gloire Riparia 3309 Couderc, Mgt, Schwarzman Rupestris 1616C SORI SO 4 Teleki 8B Kobber 5BB Teleki 5C Kober 125 AA 420 Mgt C Gravesac Berlandieri 41 B Mgt 333 EM Fercal Vinifera VR O39-16 VR O Richter 110 Richter 1103 Paulsen 140 Ruggeri Rotundifolia AXR # C 1613C Solonis Labrusca Castel 4010 Castel Harmony, Freedom Ramsey, Dog Ridge Champinii (rupestris x candicans)

3 Phylloxera resistance (Viala and Ravaz, 1892) 20: Absolute imunity (?) 19: V. rotundifolia 18: V. riparia, V. rupestris, V. cordifolia, riparia x rupestris, cordifolia x riparia, cordifolia x rupestris 17: V. Berlandieri, riparia x Berlandieri, Berlandieri x rupestris 16: Rupestris St. George, candicans x riparia 15: V. cinerea, V. aestivalis, V. candicans 14: Solonis, V. champini glabrous 12: V. champini tomenteuse (hairy) Below 10: Concord, Labrusca, Othello, Catawba, etc. The hybrids of vinifera x rupestris (1202 C and AxR1) vary between 7 and 15

4 Phylloxera resistance (Viala and Ravaz, 1892) 16-20: sufficient resistance to all soils 14-15: resistance sufficient for sandy and deep soils 13 and under: SHLOUD BE TOTALLY DISCARDED FOR VINEYARDS

5 Phylloxera resistance (Viala and Ravaz, 1892) 20: Absolute imunity (?) 19: V. rotundifolia 18: V. riparia, V. rupestris, V. cordifolia, riparia x rupestris, cordifolia x riparia, cordifolia x rupestris 17: V. Berlandieri, riparia x Berlandieri, Berlandieri x rupestris 16: Rupestris St. George, candicans x riparia 15: V. cinerea, V. aestivalis, V. candicans 14: Solonis, V. champini glabrous 12: V. champini tomenteuse (hairy) Below 10: Concord, Labrusca, Othello, Catawba, etc. The hybrids of vinifera x rupestris (1202 C and AxR1) vary between 7 and 15

6 Grows in dry sunny sites which have periodic rain Principal traits High resistance to phylloxera Resistance to drought Very long vegetative cycle Very high vigor Distribution of Vitis rupestris Southern US

7 Vitis rupestris

8 Found in moist and shady environments Roots grow mostly laterally Principal traits High resistance to phylloxera Resistance to humidity Short vegetative cycle adapted to cold climates Low to moderate vigor Distribution of Vitis riparia Northeast region of the United States

9 Found in calcareous and dry soils Has strong plunging roots Principal traits High resistance to phylloxera Resistance to limestone Resistance to drought Long vegetative cycle High vigor Distribution of Vitis Berlandieri Texas and Mexico

10 Principal traits Moderate resistance to phylloxera Resistance to saline soils Resistance to humidity Resistance to nematodes Distribution of Vitis solonis North of Texas

11 Vitis rotundifolia Native habitat: Atlantic coast of southern US Grows in deep moist soils Principal trait Immune to phylloxera Problem 2 extra chromosomes (2n=40)

12 Vitis rotundifolia

13 Cinerea Cordifolia Börner Riparia Gloire Riparia Malègue 3309 Couderc, Mgt, Schwarzman Rupestris 1616C 1613C Solonis SO 4 Teleki 8B Kobber 5BB Teleki 5C Kober 125 AA 420 Mgt C Labrusca Gravesac Berlandieri 41 B Mgt 333 EM Fercal Vinifera Castel 4010 Castel Harmony, Freedom VR O39-16 VR O Richter 110 Richter 1103 Paulsen 140 Ruggeri Rotundifolia AXR # C Champinii

14 Vigor Conferred to the Scion High 140Ru 99R 125AA Rupestris Saint George Dog Ridge Salt Creek (Ramsey) Freedom

15 Vigor Conferred to the Scion Moderate 1103P Gravesac 110R Schwarzmann Harmony Castel Malègue 5C 8B 5BB SO C

16 Vigor Conferred to the Scion Moderate to low Low 3309C A 1616C Riparia Gloire

17 Rootstock effect on maturity Advance maturity Riparia Gloire 5C Malègue 3309C C Castel Delay maturity Rupestris Saint George 420A 5BB 99R 110R 1103P 140Ru SO4

18 Degree-days to bud burst, full bloom, and véraison Bud burst Full Bloom V raison 420A Harmony C C Ungrafted Significant F ** ns ***

19 2 Fruit Yield and Composition Müller-Thurgau 1.5 Yield kg/m ab abc a abc c bc Juice Soluble Solids Brix c bc c c ab a 5BB SO4 8B 5C 3309 RU140

20 Cinerea Cordifolia Börner Riparia Gloire Riparia Malègue 3309 Couderc, Mgt, Schwarzman Rupestris 1616C 1613C Solonis SO 4 Teleki 8B Kobber 5BB Teleki 5C Kober 125 AA 420 Mgt C Labrusca Gravesac Berlandieri 41 B Mgt 333 EM Fercal Vinifera Castel 4010 Castel Harmony, Freedom VR O39-16 VR O Richter 110 Richter 1103 Paulsen 140 Ruggeri Rotundifolia AXR # C Champinii

21 Rootstocks and Nutrition

22 Tolerance to Lime Poor IPC Riparia Gloire C Ru. St. Georges 20 Iron Chlorosis

23 Tolerance to Lime Intermediate IPC 99 Richter Richter Paulsen30 SO BB A 40

24 Tolerance to Lime High IPC Ruggeri B > EM > 60 Fercal 120

25 ?

26 Aminoacids in the Xylem Sap Glutamine mg/l a ab ab b b ab 10 Glutamic acid mg/l a a a a a a 5BB SO4 8B 5C 3309 RU140 Rootstock

27 Nutrition Problems Associated with Rootstocks Magnesium Deficiency Potassium Deficiency SO 4 99 Richter 110 Richter Malègue 3309 C 5BB Kober 420 A Mgt 110 Richter 1103 Paulsen 140 Ruggeri

28 Petiole Potassium (% dry weight) Significance Newberg Harmony C 420A Ungrafted Soil K (ppm) 141 L Lafayette Harmony 5C A 3309 Ungrafted Umpqua 5C A Harmony Ungrafted Eagle Point Ungrafted Harmony * *** *** *** 209 M 175 M 5C 125 L 420A

29 Cultivars and Mineral Uptake Varieties with high magnesium demand Chasselas Cabernet-Sauvignon Merlot Cardinal Gewürtztraminer Ugni blanc Sauvignon Syrah should not be grafted onto rootstocks susceptible to magnesium deficiency in soils with a poor supply of magnesium

30 Cultivars and Mineral Uptake Varieties with high potassium demand Cabernet Sauvignon Merlot Aramon Cinsaut Syrah Müller-Thurgau should not be grafted to rootstocks prone to potassium deficiency if the levels of potassium in the soil are low

31 Petiole Phosphorus and Boron Woodhall Vineyard, Alpine SO4 5BB 3309C Riparia Ungrafted bc b cd c d a ab b a a ab ab P (% dry Wt) B (ppm)

32 Nutrition problems associated with rootstocks: Boron 45 Petiole Boron ( (ppm ppm) Harmony 5C 420A 3309C Ungrafted

33 Resistance to nematodes Very sensitive: V. vinfera and rootstoks with vinifera parentage Sensitive: 3309 C, C, Cl

34 Resistance to nematodes Somewhat resistant: , Rupestris St. George, Riparia gloire, 110R Resistant: Salt Creek, Dog Ridge, SO 4, M, 99R, 5 BB, 1616 C, 140 Ru

35 Adaptation to dry shallow High 110R Moderate clay soil 1103P, 140Ru, 420A, 5C, 125AA Moderate to low 5BB, , 3309C, Malègue, 99R, Rupestris Saint George

36 Tolerance to drought High V. vinifera, 140Ru, 110R, 1103P, M Moderate 99R, 8B, Gravesac, Castel

37 Tolerance to drought Moderate to low Rupestris Saint George, Schwarzmann, 420A, 125 AA, Harmony, Freedom, Salt Creek (Ramsey), Dog Ridge Low , 3309C, SO4, 5BB, C, 5C, 1616C, Riparia Gloire

38 Tolerance to wet feet High Riparia gloire, 110R, 1103P, SO 4, 5BB, M, 1616C, , 3309 Moderate 140Ru, 420 A, C, Gravesac, Castel, Salt Creek (Ramsey), Dog Ridge, Harmony

39 Tolerance to wet feet Low 99R Rupestris Saint George

40 Teleki Hybrids 10 kg Berlandieri seed 40,000 seedlings Berlandieri 10 riparia x rupestris

41 Teleki Hybrids berlandieri x riparia 4 5 A = Glabrous B = Hairy 9

42 Teleki Hybrids 4 A SO 4 5 A Kober 5BB 6 A 7 B 5C 8 B Cosmo 10 9 B Teleki-Ferrari

43 Take home message There is no best rootstock Rootstock performance is highly site specific Do your own rootstock trial Block your vineyard in areas of homogeneous soils and choose the most appropriate rootstocks for each block