HAVE YOU or someone you know received cut
|
|
- Austen Kristian Andrews
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Caring for Fresh Cut Flowers and Foliage AVE YOU or someone you know received cut flowers that died in a matter of days? It is disappointing to see flowers quickly die. ave you asked why they declined rapidly or what you could have done to make them live longer? This unit will address the care of cut flowers. Objective: Examine the care of fresh cut flowers and foliage. Key Terms: acidic alkaline bent necks conditioning ethylene inhibitors floral preservatives graded hard water hardened precooled salinity senescence soft water stem blockage transpiration turgid vase life Proper Care Fresh cut flowers and foliage are living things though they have been removed from plants. owever, once they have been removed, they begin to decline and die. Two needs for extending the life of cut flowers and foliage are water and sugar. A flower is 90 percent water. Plant cells filled with water are said to be turgid. Even after fresh flowers have been removed from plants, they continue with life processes, such as photosynthetic and cellular respiration. These processes require the use of water. The quality of water is extremely important for cut flowers. The p of water is a critical factor that determines water quality. A p test of the water can be conducted to determine whether water is acidic or alkaline. An acidic p has a reading below 7. p readings above 7 Page 1
2 indicate an alkaline solution. Slightly acidic water improves water uptake by fresh cut flowers and foliage. Floral preservatives added to water increase the acidity, thereby increasing water uptake. Water is classified as either hard water, which contains a high level of minerals, or soft water, which has been treated to lower the mineral level. ard water has a high p and is highly buffered, meaning it is resistant to a change in p. Softened water has been treated with salts to remove dissolved minerals. The addition of salts to the water lowers the water quality for flowers. Salinity is the measurement of total dissolved salts in water. Salts clog the xylem of the floral stem, preventing water movement and resulting in wilting and weakening of the stem. Salinity needs to be less than 200 ppm. Sugars are the food source for cut flowers. The two most common sugars are sucrose and dextrose. A flower gets these sugars from stores in the flower tissues, through photosynthesis, or through supplemental sugars provided in a floral preservative. p = 4 Acidic p = 7 Neutral igher p = more hydrogen ions p = 12 Alkaline FIGURE 1. Adding floral preservatives will correct alkaline and neutral p. CONDITIONING Conditioning is the preparation of cut flowers and greens when they arrive at the design site. The conditioning process involves the cutting of stems, adequate solution uptake by the plant materials, and cooling. Cutting Stems Flower stems should be re-cut. Leaves should be removed from the stems so that no leaves will be submerged in the water solution. Solution Preparation Flowers should be placed in water that is approximately 100 to 110 F (38 to 43 C), or about the FIGURE 2. Condition flowers in warm preservative solution. Page 2
3 temperature of a warm bath. Warm water speeds uptake and contains less air than cold water. Allow the flowers to take up water at room temperature for several hours before placing them in a cooler. Cooling Once the flowers are full of water, they can be placed in a cooler that is 34 to 38 F(1 to 3 C). Floral coolers are better than refrigerators because they provide controlled humidity levels in addition to cooling. Flowers that have been conditioned are said to be hardened and ready for use in arranging. Conditioning Steps Conditioning plant materials includes the following steps: 1. Unpacked and inspect flowers upon receipt. A report should be made to the wholesaler of any problems or mistakes. 2. Prioritize the order of processing. Condition the wilt-prone and expensive flowers first. 3. Remove sleeves, ties, and any foliage that might contact water in a container. 4. Under warm water, re-cut all stems, removing 1 / 2 to 1 inch. Professional underwater cutting devices are recommended. 5. Use specific treatment solutions as needed. 6. Place flowers in floral preservative solution mixed at the proper concentration. Too high a concentration encourages bacterial growth; too low a concentration can cause toxicity. 7. Let the flowers remain at room temperature for two to three hours to increase water uptake. 8. Place the flowers in a cooler set at 34 to 38 F (1 to 3 C), with a high humidity level and constant light. Flowers with milky stems, such as poinsettias and poppies, should be treated by dipping them in boiling water for five seconds and then placing them in a floral preservative solution. An alternative method is exposing the cut FIGURE 3. A bent-neck rose is a common site. Page 3
4 end to a match flame without burning the stem or placing it in very warm floral preservative solution. Roses that have lost turgidity near the flower heads are called bent necks. They can be revived by re-cutting the stems under water and placing the entire stems in a warm preservative solution. FACTORS TAT AFFECT VASE LIFE Many factors contribute to the vase life of fresh cut flowers and foliage. Vase life is the length of time cut flowers and foliage live after they have been cut. Sanitation, senescence, wilting, harvesting, ethylene, and disease or damage are some of the factors. Sanitation An important factor in the handling of cut flowers and greens is sanitation. Sanitation, or cleanliness, improves the vase life of flowers. ands, tools, knives, shears, containers, and work areas need to be kept sanitary. Introduction of bacteria and organisms can be avoided by cleaning work areas, coolers, and containers regularly. Senescence As soon as a flower is cut from the mother plant, it begins to deteriorate. This is partly because the flower no longer has a water or food source. The flower will eventually die. The decline is referred to as senescence. Senescence is influenced by genetics, lack of water, time of harvest, ethylene, and disease or damage. The life of each flower is based on its genetics. The natural lives of flowers differ between species. The flowers of the daylily live just 1 day. Dutch irises live 3 to 5 days, and roses 5 to 7 UNDER INVESTIGATION LAB CONNECTION: Floral Preservatives Floral preservatives are used to extend the life of cut flowers. Floral preservatives used in the trade have three main ingredients: a sugar, an acidifier, and a bactericide. Over the years many materials have been considered by some people to be effective floral preservatives. Some of these are aspirin, pennies, and Coca-Cola. Perhaps you have heard of others. You can design your own experiment to determine the effectiveness of these treatments in comparison to a commercial preservative. Prepare bud vases with different treatments you would like to test, including one commercial preservative. Label the vases with the names of the treatments, and place fresh cut flowers from the same bunch in each vase. Set the vases aside. Observe the flowers daily. Which treatments were the most effective? Which were the least effective? Page 4
5 days. Carnations last 10 to 14 days, and chrysanthemums 14 to 21 days. The goal is to obtain the maximum life of each flower as allowed by nature. Wilting Wilting is caused by the inability of plant tissues to absorb enough water to replace water lost by transpiration. The rate of transpiration increases in warm environments with low humidity. Transpiration can be reduced by keeping plant materials from drafts and avoiding overhandling flowers. Blocked vascular tissue can restrict the movement of water within a plant and cause wilting. Stem blockage is the most common cause of poor absorption. The xylem becomes clogged, and movement of water through the stem is restricted. arvesting The timing of flower harvest influences flower life. The time of day when flowers are cut is important. Flowers should never be cut when they are wilted. Therefore, avoid cutting in the heat of the day. Evening is the best time, because plants have been making sugars throughout the day. Morning is the second best time, because plants are full of water. The stage of flowering should be considered. The best time to harvest is just before a flower is fully open. Exceptions to the rule include the daisy and flowering bulb crops, which are harvested in bud stage, and the calla lily, which will not develop further once it is cut. FIGURE 4. Most flowers are harvested just before the flowers are fully open. Ethylene Ethylene gas promotes senescence. Ethylene gas is a natural plant hormone produced by aging flowers, foliage, fruits, and vegetables. Common signs of ethylene exposure include large numbers of fallen petals, dropped florets, and yellowing leaves. Fresh cut FIGURE 5. Ethylene damage on chrysanthemums. Page 5
6 flowers should be placed in an environment free of ethylene gas. Growers and wholesalers prevent this damage by using ethylene inhibitors, which are products that block or tie up the gas. Growers and wholesalers also strive to keep storage areas free of aging, decaying plant materials. Fruit should not be stored in a floral cooler because it produces ethylene gas. Disease or Damage Disease or damage shortens the life of floral materials. Flowers that arrive from the market and those picked in the garden should be of the highest quality. They must be inspected for disease and insect damage. FLORAL PRESERVATIVES Floral preservatives extend the life of cut flowers. A preservative contains a sugar as a supplemental food source, an acidifier to decrease the chance of stem clogging, and a bactericide to kill bacteria in a vase or stem. Pre-treatments are used before preservatives to reduce ethylene exposure and to hydrate flowers that are wilt prone, such as gerberas and roses. All flowers can benefit from a hydrating solution treatment. PACKING AND SIPPING The majority of cut flowers sold in the United States are produced in foreign countries. The commercial packing and shipping process affects the life spans of cut flowers in the floral market. First, flowers are graded, or separated into groups based on factors such as quality, uniformity, and size. They are also graded by stem quality, length, and strength. The flowers are then placed in bundles and sleeved for shipping. Delicate flowers, such as Fuji mums and gerberas, are individually sleeved. After bundling, the flowers are boxed for shipment and precooled, which is a method of quickly replacing the warm air inside the box with cool air. This process is also called dry packing. More delicate flowers, such as snapdragons and gladioli, are packed in hampers and stored in an upright position. Most flowers are shipped via air and then via truck to the marketplace. Summary: Two needs for maintaining the health of cut flowers and foliage are water and sugar. Slightly acidic water improves water uptake. Sugars come from stores in the flower tissues, through photosynthesis, or through supplemental sugars provided in a floral preservative. Page 6
7 Conditioning is the preparation of cut flowers and greens before arranging. The conditioning process involves the cutting of stems, adequate solution uptake by the plant materials, and cooling. Vase life is the length of time cut flowers and foliage live after they have been cut. It is influenced by sanitation, senescence, wilting, harvesting, ethylene, and disease or damage. Floral preservatives extend the life of cut flowers. A preservative contains a sugar, an acidifier, and a bactericide. The commercial packing and shipping process affects the life spans of cut flowers in the floral market. Flowers are graded, bundled, and sleeved for shipping. The flowers are boxed for shipment and precooled. Checking Your Knowledge: 1. What do cut flowers need to stay healthy? 2. What is conditioning? 3. What influences vase life? 4. ow do floral preservatives maintain vase life? 5. ow are flowers packaged and shipped? Expanding Your Knowledge: Condition flowers received in the classroom before they are used for arranging. Practice the conditioning procedure presented in this unit. Web Links: Cut Flowers and Florist Greens Conditioning Conditioning and Storing Cut Flowers and Greens (PowerPoint presentation) /care%2520and%2520handling.ppt+conditioning+flowers&hl=en&gl =us&ct=clnk&cd=8 Page 7
Conditioning and Storing Cut Flowers and Greens
Conditioning and Storing Cut Flowers and Greens Long lasting flowers important pleases customer happy customers return to the florist when they need flowers in the future Chain of Life Developed by the
More informationCARE & HANDLING. Optimal Relative Humidity (RH) should be between 75% 90%. Wet pack and dry pack flowers can both be stored at the same RH.
CARE & HANDLING Housekeeping THE COOLER Cooler maintenance is essential: Coils, drain pans and drain lines need to be cleaned three times per year. We suggest that you set up a maintenance schedule before
More informationPost Harvest Handling of Cut Flowers
Pagel of 5 U_ Post Harvest Handling of Cut Flowers J^J Thomas M. Blessington, Regional Specialist Central Maryland Research and Education Center University of Maryland Cooperative Extension Service EHicott
More informationALSTROEMERIA ANTHURIUMS
ALSTROEMERIA Alstroemeria are a Peruvian variety of lily. The buds of your Alstroemeria may appear, when bought fresh to be very tight. With flower food and proper care they should open to full and last
More informationCare and Handling of Cut Flowers and Foliage
Care and Handling of Cut Flowers and Foliage A Course in Design Production By James L. Johnson AAF AIFD TMFA Professional Certified Florists' Program PUBLISHED BY Texas State Florists Association PO Box
More information2013 State FFA Floriculture CDE Phase III. Written Test DO NOT WRITE ON TEST SELECT MOST APPROPRIATE ANSWER AND IDENTIFY LETTER CHOICE ON ANSWER SHEET
2013 State FFA Floriculture CDE Phase III. Written Test DO NOT WRITE ON TEST SELECT MOST APPROPRIATE ANSWER AND IDENTIFY LETTER CHOICE ON ANSWER SHEET 1. What is the structure called that is the xylem
More informationOrnamental Industry. The postharvest problems. Value of California s agriculture. Postharvest science 6/19/2013
Ornamental Industry Floriculture crops : cut flowers, cut cultivated greens, foliage plants, potted flowering plants, annual bedding/garden plants, propagative floriculture materials Cai Zhong Jiang, USDA
More informationQuality and Logistics of Horticultural Products. Ernst Woltering WUR AFSG. Fresh produce Innovations
Quality and Logistics of Horticultural Products Ernst Woltering WUR AFSG Time (days) Time in transport cut flowers 10 8 6 4 2 0 HOL D FR UK IT SW USA JAP Countries Quality loss cut flowers 4 day shipment,
More informationNitty Gritty Hacks to Extend Vaselife
Down and Dirty: Nitty Gritty Hacks to Extend Vaselife Gay Smith Chrysal USA Steve Daum Floralife September 8, 2017 2 Topics What Consumers Want & Need Science Friday with Steve 4 Colossal Profit Thieves
More informationPostharvest Life of Cut Chrysanthemum Cultivars in Relation to Chemicals, Wrapping Material and Storage Conditions
Tropical Agricultural Research Vol. 26 (1): 195 201 (2014) Short Communication Postharvest Life of Cut Chrysanthemum Cultivars in Relation to Chemicals, Wrapping Material and Storage Conditions Gunjan
More informationSunflower Sunbright and Sunbright Supreme Culture
Sunflower Sunbright and Sunbright Supreme Culture Plug Culture Tips Sunflower Sunbright and Sunbright Supreme are prized for their large flowers, bright colors and long vase life. Often sown directly into
More informationPre- and post-harvest treatments to maintain quality and control diseases of greenhouse and nursery crops species
Canadian Ornamental Horticulture Research and Innovation Cluster Projects (no. 2032) Pre- and post-harvest treatments to maintain quality and control diseases of greenhouse and nursery crops species Jun
More informationFlower Care Instructions
Flower F R E S H Flower Care Instructions FlowerFresh is dedicated in providing you premier quality fresh flowers direct from the source. We select our flowers, from the farms that specialize in a particular
More informationCommercial Floriculture Survey. Project Code = 922
Commercial Floriculture Survey Project Code = 922 What is Floriculture? The cultivation of flowering plants (and other greenhouse crops) 6 categories Annual bedding plants Potted flowering plants Foliage
More informationEnvironmental Conditions. Storing or maintaining displays, flowers and plant materials
Environmental Conditions Storing or maintaining displays, flowers and plant materials Precooling Precooling is a step that rapidly brings the temperature of the flowers down from the field temperature
More informationPreparing Flowers For The Flower Show
)11 31 c./ Preparing Flowers For The Flower Show By Jane McKinnon UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA DOCtH.1E"JTS APR 15 1977 ST. PAUL CAMPUS LIBRARIES University of Minnesota Agricultural Extension Service Your
More informationInfluence of various preservative chemicals on postharvest life of cut roses (Rosa hybrida L.) cv. happiness
Influence of various preservative chemicals on postharvest life of cut roses (Rosa hybrida L.) cv. happiness Virendra Pal 1, Ashish Tyagi 2 and Anant Kumar 3 1 & 2 Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Hastinapur, SVP
More informationUSDA-ARSARS 6/21/2010. Data from the California Department of Food and Agriculture total $31.7 billion. Fruits and nuts, $10.
Current research in postharvest biology of ornamentals and cut flowers Cai-Zhong Jiang USDA-ARSARS Michael Reid Department of Plant Sciences UC Davis Value of California s agriculture 2005 total $31.7
More informationThe flower care program
The flower care program GROWER BOUQUE T MAKER WHOLESALER RETAILER FLORIST CONSUMER Vaselife presents: the flower care program Introduction Vaselife International is a young market driven company producing
More informationCommercial Specialty Cut Flower Production HARVEST SYSTEMS
Commercial Specialty Cut Flower Production HARVEST SYSTEMS The Collection of Activities for Gathering and Handling Field- Grown Specialty Cut Flowers KANSAS STATE UNIVERSITY AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION
More informationEnergy Conservation. What s the impact of tightening up your greenhouses to save energy?*
Energy Conservation What s the impact of tightening up your greenhouses to save energy?* By Drs. Peter Ling**, Claudio Pasian*** and Michelle Jones** ** OSU-OARDC, Wooster, Ohio *** OSU Columbus, Ohio
More informationBEDDING PLANTS are immensely popular and
Growing Bedding Plants BEDDING PLANTS are immensely popular and for good reason. They provide much of the bright color we see in landscapes throughout the growing season. Also, bedding plants are widely
More informationCourse: Landscape Design & Turf Grass Management. Unit Title: Watering Landscape TEKS: (C)(5)E) Instructor: Ms. Hutchinson.
Course: Landscape Design & Turf Grass Management Unit Title: Watering Landscape TEKS: 130.19(C)(5)E) Instructor: Ms. Hutchinson Objectives: After completing this unit of instruction, students will be able
More informationJunior 4-H/FFA State HORTICULTURE Exam 2015
Junior 4-H/FFA State HORTICULTURE Exam 2015 DO NOT WRITE ON THIS EXAM. Please fill in the scantron bubbles completely using a #2 pencil only. Make sure your name and number are on the scantron sheet. Check
More informationPeters. Peters Professional and Peters Excel provide a wide selection of the highest quality water-soluble fertilisers available
Professional and Excel provide a wide selection of the highest quality water-soluble fertilisers available Why choose Peters? 1. Peters takes into account water quality 2. Peters leads the way technically
More informationProduct: Kangaroo paw Botanical name: Anigozanthos species Cultivar: Big Red. Quality specifications for Australian wildflowers
Product: Kangaroo paw Botanical name: Anigozanthos species Cultivar: Big Red Quality specifications for Australian wildflowers Product: Kangaroo paw Botanical name: Anigozanthos species Cultivar: Big Red
More informationNCEA Level 2 Agricultural and Horticultural Science (91290) 2014 page 1 of 8
NCEA Level 2 Agricultural and Horticultural Science (91290) 2014 page 1 of 8 Assessment Schedule 2014 Agricultural and Horticultural Science: Demonstrate understanding of techniques used to modify physical
More informationTexas FFA Area Contest 2017 Floriculture Exam Tarleton State University
Texas FFA Area Contest 2017 Floriculture Exam Tarleton State University 1. A container often used at Thanksgiving for floral arrangements and symbolic of a plentiful harvest is the: a. Bud vase b. Cornucopia
More informationIndiana Horticulture Congress. Starting a Greenhouse Business
Indiana Horticulture Congress Starting a Greenhouse Business Ornamental Potted Crops Allen Hammer Dept. of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture Purdue University Poinsettia Number 1 potted plant in
More informationCMG GardenNotes #659 Understanding Tree Roots. Functions of Tree Roots. Support\anchorage
CMG GardenNotes #659 Understanding Tree Roots Outline: Functions of Tree Roots, page 1 Describing Tree Roots, page 2 Conditions That Can Adversely Affect Roots, page 4 Other Common Root Issues, page 5
More informationExtending the Vase Life of Gerbera (Gerbera hybrida) Cut Flowers Using Chemical Preservative Solutions
Tropical Agricultural Research Vol. 24 (4): 375 379 (2013) Short Communication Extending the Vase Life of Gerbera (Gerbera hybrida) Cut Flowers Using Chemical Preservative Solutions W.A.N.T. De Silva *,
More informationREVOLUTIONARY SUGAR BASED PLANT FOOD SYSTEM GROWING WITH SUGARS HAS NEVER BEEN EASIER
REVOLUTIONARY SUGAR BASED PLANT FOOD SYSTEM EASY AS 1-2-3 DRIVE OUT WASTE WITH SIMPLIFIED SUGAR BASED PLANT FOOD PROGRAM Seed/Clones Vegetative Flower Reload Soil BASED ON USING A LIGHT SOIL GROW MEDIUM
More informationSTOLLER ENTERPRISES, INC. World leader in crop nutrition Potato Production Challenge - Page 1 of 9
Potato Production Challenge - Page 1 of 9 Potato Production Challenge 1. Seed Piece A high quality seed piece will have fewer stems two to three. The stem will have more vigor and less disease. The quality
More informationOptimizing the Water Relations of Cuttings During Propagation
Optimizing the Water Relations of Cuttings During Propagation Fred Davies Dept. of Horticultural Sciences Texas A&M University College Station, Texas So, How Do Cuttings Gain & Lose Water??? Water Water
More informationProduct: Bird s Nest Banksia, Baxter s Banksia Botanical name: Banksia baxteri. Quality specifications for Australian wildflowers
Botanical name: Banksia baxteri Quality specifications for Australian wildflowers Botanical name: Banksia baxteri Banksia baxteri is a major Banksia species grown for the cut-flower market. Its squat,
More informationProduct: Berzelia, Button Bush Botanical name: Berzelia lanuginosa. Quality specifications for Australian wildflowers
Botanical name: Berzelia lanuginosa Quality specifications for Australian wildflowers Botanical name: Berzelia lanuginosa Berzelia lanuginosa is a distinctive and versatile product. It is typically sold
More information1. Potassium nitrate for efficient plant nutrition
Potassium nitrate is a unique source of potassium by its nutritional value and its contribution to the health and yields of plants. Potassium nitrate features desirable chemical and physical properties,
More informationPost-harvest Asparagus Handling
Post-harvest Asparagus Handling Your produce much less perishable Su producto mucho menos perecedero November 2010 Ivo Tunchel Minimize Temperature Damage Immediately After Harvest Pack in well ventilated
More informationProduct: Grevillea flowers Botanical name: Grevillea spp. and hybrids Cultivar: Moonlight. Quality specifications for Australian wildflowers
Product: Grevillea flowers Botanical name: Grevillea spp. and hybrids Cultivar: Moonlight Quality specifications for Australian wildflowers Product: Grevillea flowers Botanical name: Grevillea spp. and
More informationSoil & Garden Preparation. Presented by Missouri Valley Master Gardeners
Soil & Garden Preparation Presented by Missouri Valley Master Gardeners Healthy Yankton Community Gardens Located on City Limit Road Sites available March 14, 2016 Avera Pavilion Cost $20 Contact HealthyYankton@gmail.com
More informationMarket Dynamics. Cut Flowers Europe May The Netherlands. Netherlands Auctions. 2 June, 2014
Market Dynamics Cut Flowers Europe May 2014 2 June, 2014 The Netherlands Netherlands Auctions The April 2014 auction cut flower figures have been published. The FloraHolland May turnover has increased
More informationBasic Botany Master Gardener and Horticulture Training. Mark Heitstuman. WSU Asotin and Garfield County Director January 9, 2018
Basic Botany 2018 Master Gardener and Horticulture Training Mark Heitstuman WSU Asotin and Garfield County Director January 9, 2018 Topics we ll discuss in Chapter 1- Basic Botany Plant life cycles Internal
More informationFLORICULTURE CDE. Identifying and Controlling Plant Disorders
FLORICULTURE CDE Identifying and Controlling Plant Disorders Nutritional and Environmental Disorders Poor soil drainage Problem: Garden soil may appear ideal for potting indoor plants but actually causes
More informationPOST HARVEST. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
POST HARVEST Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations POST HARVEST 1.- Vegetable processing - general information The vegetables may be marketed in different ways. The "in-natura" form is
More informationMinnesota FFA 2015 State Floriculture Exam
Minnesota FFA 2015 State Floriculture Exam 1) New businesses should realize that it usually requires for the business to show a profit and owners should plan accordingly. A) 3 to 5 months B) 1 to 3 years
More informationBringing the Outdoors In
Bringing the Outdoors In What makes a good cut flower? Stem Last length at least 12 7-10 days in a vase Produces lots Easy of flowers to grow Other considerations Fragrance (Lilacs) Allergies Brighten
More informationUsing Gibberellins to Prevent Leaf Yellowing in Cut Lilies
This article was originally published in Greenhouse Product News 12(1): 30-34, 2002. Using Gibberellins to Prevent Leaf Yellowing in Cut Lilies Anil P. Ranwala and William B. Miller Flowerbulb Research
More informationBOTANY/HORTICULTURE PLANT SCIENCE AG
Student's Name BOTANY/HORTICULTURE PLANT SCIENCE AG 0514 Directions: Rating Scale: Evaluate the trainee using the rating scale below and check the appropriate number to indicate the degree of competency
More informationADVANCES IN SHIPPING AND HANDLING OF ORNAMENTALS
ADVANCES IN SHIPPING AND HANDLING OF ORNAMENTALS Michael Reid Department of Environmental Horticulture University of California, Davis CA 65616, U.S.A. Keywords: temperature, postharvest, procona, vitsab
More informationInstructor: Stephen L. Love Aberdeen R & E Center 1693 S 2700 W Aberdeen, ID Phone: Fax:
Vegetable Crops PLSC 451/551 Lesson 5, Environment, Propagation Instructor: Stephen L. Love Aberdeen R & E Center 1693 S 2700 W Aberdeen, ID 83210 Phone: 397-4181 Fax: 397-4311 Email: slove@uidaho.edu
More informationPredicting Rose Vase Life in a Supply Chain
Predicting Rose Vase Life in a Supply Chain U. van Meeteren 1, R. Schouten 1, H. Harkema 2, S. Bastiaan-Net 2 and E. Woltering 1,2 1 Wageningen University, Horticultural Supply Chains Group, PO Box 630,
More informationACHIEVEMENT LEVEL DESCRIPTORS
ACHIEVEMENT LEVEL DESCRIPTORS FOR THE PLANT SYSTEMS ASSESSMENT Please note: Students performing at the Meets Expectations level also meet all standards at the Approaches Expectations level, and students
More informationIntroduction to Horticulture 5th Edition, 2014
A Correlation of 5th Edition, 2014 To the 2010 CTE Agriculture Frameworks A Correlation of,, to the for Horticulture Unit 1: Horticulture Orientation and Leadership Development Competency 1: Identify school
More informationDID YOU KNOW that the National
Understanding Hydroponics DID YOU KNOW that the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) is looking at hydroponics as a means of providing food during space exploration? We tend to think of
More informationPREPARATION OF THE AIR- LAYERING BAGS
Air-Layering Tools & Supplies 1. Hand pruners 2. Girdling scissors (optional) 3. A knife (A linoleum hook knife is preferred, but any knife will work.) 4. Pliers, Channel locks, or Vise grips 5. Rooting
More informationMarket Dynamics. Cut Flowers Europe June The Netherlands. Netherlands Auctions. 4 July 2016
Market Dynamics Cut Flowers Europe June 2016 4 July 2016 The Netherlands Netherlands Auctions The April 2016 auction figures have been published as following: Cut flower turnover decreased by 6.8% compared
More informationProduct: Honey Protea, Repens Botanical name: Protea repens. Quality specifications for Australian wildflowers
Product: Honey Protea, Repens Botanical name: Protea repens Quality specifications for Australian wildflowers Product: Honey Protea, Repens Botanical name: Protea repens The opening flower head, with a
More informationFloriculture Youth will learn basic information and skills needed to grow healthy plants and flowers. The project is divided in four different levels.
Floriculture Youth will learn basic information and skills needed to grow healthy plants and flowers. The project is divided in four different levels. Introduction Entries per exhibitor: Counties may choose
More informationState FFA Floriculture 2000 Career Development Event General Knowledge Section
State FFA Floriculture 2000 Career Development Event General Knowledge Section DIRECTIONS: Select the best answer and mark your selection on the separate answer sheet provided. Using a #2 pencil, black
More informationTreatments to Enhance Resistance of Cut Rose Flowers to Botrytis Disease
Progress Report Treatments to Enhance Resistance of Cut Rose Flowers to Botrytis Disease Michael Reid, Andrew Macnish, Kristy Morris Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis CA Cai-Zhong
More information1. An example of a plant science career that belongs in any of the plant science areas is:
Student Name: Teacher: Date: District: Robeson Assessment: 9_12 Agriculture AU10 - Agriscience Applications Test 2 Description: Obj 3.00 - Plant Science Form: 501 1. An example of a plant science career
More informationGrowing Potted Chrysanthemums
Lesson B1 5 Growing Potted Chrysanthemums Unit B. Floriculture Problem Area 1. Greenhouse Crop Production Lesson 5. Growing Potted Chrysanthemums Content/Process Statement: NOT5 Core Content Standard:
More informationFloral Valentine s Merchandising Guidelines 2018
Floral Valentine s Merchandising Guidelines 2018 Floral Distribution Schedule Monday, 2/5 - Orchids, dish gardens, foliage Friday 2/9 Primarily potted blooming and portion of roses, freshcuts and arrangements.
More informationNon-decorative Floral Organs Largely Contribute to Transpiration and Vase Life of Cut Hydrangea Flowers with Lacecap Inflorescence
The Horticulture Journal 86 (2): 263 268. 2017. doi: 10.2503/hortj.MI-160 JSHS The Japanese Society for Horticultural Science http://www.jshs.jp/ Non-decorative Floral Organs Largely Contribute to Transpiration
More informationLevel C, six (6) flower and plant exhibits and one (1) poster/notebook Level D, six (6) flower and plant exhibits and one (1) poster/notebook.
Requirement for judging: Floriculture Record Sheet Floriculture Manual FLORICULTURE Project Check-in and Judging SATURDAY, July 9, 9:00--11:45 a.m. Each county may enter: one (1) flower and plant exhibit
More informationFlowering potted plants are often purchased throughout the year as gifts or for interior
B-1146 January 2004 Karen L. Panter, University of Wyoming Cooperative Extension Service Horticulture Specialist, Department of Plant Sciences Original bulletin by Jim Cook, former Cooperative Extension
More informationMORE POINSETTIAS are grown than any
Growing Poinsettias MORE POINSETTIAS are grown than any other potted flowering crop. Sales exceeded $242 million in a recent year. Nearly all the sales were associated with Christmas. The poinsettia and
More informationEffects of Gibberellic Acid on the Vase Life of Cut Patumma (Curcuma alismatifolia Gagnep.) Chaing Mai Flowers
Effects of Gibberellic Acid on the Vase Life of Cut Patumma (Curcuma alismatifolia Gagnep.) Chaing Mai Flowers T. Kjonboon and S. Kanlayanarat Division of Postharvest Technology King Mongkut s University
More informationActivity Watering and Plant Growth
Activity Watering and Plant Growth Students will design and carry out an experiment to determine how altering watering conditions (temperature, amount, size of droplet, time of day, mulching, type of soil,
More informationHow Important Are Bacteria for the Vase Life of Cut Gerbera Flowers?
How Important Are Bacteria for the Vase Life of Cut Gerbera Flowers? U. van Meeteren and R. Schouten Wageningen University Horticultural Supply Chains Group PO Box 630, 6700 AP Wageningen The Netherlands
More informationHow to submit a sample to MSU Diagnostic Services
How to submit a sample to MSU Diagnostic Services Sample Submission Collecting Plant Samples It is best to send entire plants, although we recognize this is not always possible. Plants with root and crown
More informationProduct: Leptospermum Botanical name: Leptospermum rotundifolium Cultivar: Lavender Queen. Quality specifications for Australian wildflowers
Botanical name: Leptospermum rotundifolium Cultivar: Lavender Queen Quality specifications for Australian wildflowers Botanical name: Leptospermum rotundifolium Cultivar: Lavender Queen Leptospermum is
More informationFLORICULTURE (FLOWERS)
FLORICULTURE (FLOWERS) State Fair Entries: one flower and plant exhibit per category per level and one poster or notebook per level References: 4H-966 Level A Grades 3-4 4H-967 Level B Grades 5-6 4H-968
More information1995 RUTGERS Turfgrass Proceedings
1995 RUTGERS Turfgrass Proceedings Rutgers University THE NEW JERSEY TURFGRASS ASSOCIATION In Cooperation With RUTGERS COOPERATIVE EXTENSION NEW JERSEY AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION RUTGERS, THE STATE
More informationDiagnosing Plant Diseases of Floricultural Crops. is important for several reasons. Bacterial diseases are not controlled with fungicides,
Grower 101: Diagnosing Plant Diseases of Floricultural Crops Powdery mildew on sweet pea. (Photo courtesy of Bridget White) Need help identifying some common greenhouse diseases? Here are the most common
More informationSummer Summer is finally here. Break out the sunblock and the gardening hose. This edition has you covered from patriotic planters to cutting your
Summer Summer is finally here. Break out the sunblock and the gardening hose. This edition has you covered from patriotic planters to cutting your fresh flowers. Reading by a pool is optional, but highly
More informationMarket Dynamics. Cut Flowers Europe April The Netherlands. Netherlands Auctions. Netherlands Importers. 30 April, 2014
Market Dynamics Cut Flowers Europe April 2014 30 April, 2014 The Netherlands Netherlands Auctions The March 2014 cut flower figures are published by FloraHolland as following: March turnover decreased
More informationFull Disclosure, I create and sell Sumo Cakes Bonsai Fertilizer Basics
Full Disclosure, I create and sell Sumo Cakes www.sumocakes.com Bonsai Fertilizer Basics Where does one start when talking about fertilizers for bonsai? The one thing I do know is that there is no such
More informationarranging flowers informal arrangements formal arrangements
Flowers for cutting arranging flowers You can choose to display your flowers either in a formal arrangement or massed in your favourite vase. informal arrangements Make sure you choose the correct vase
More informationSelecting Types of Nutrition Based on the Needs and Physiology of the Turf. Balancing Foliar and Granular Applications to Satisfy Plant Requirements
ODGCSA and TTA Selecting Types of Nutrition Based on the Needs and Physiology of the Turf Balancing Foliar and Granular Applications to Satisfy Plant Requirements True Foliar Fertilization Science or baloney?
More informationEffect of Different Chemicals on the Microbial Growth during Vase Life Period of Cut Rose cv. First Red
International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 6 Number 10 (2017) pp. 812-820 Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com Original Research Article https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2017.610.097
More informationPLANT NEEDS 3rd. through 5 th Grade
LESSON OUTCOMES STANDARDS ALIGNTMENT In this lesson, students will identify that plants need specific things to grow into a healthy plant. Plants need specific things to grow Plants need L.A.W.N.S.: light,
More informationPlant propagation refers to the
Basic Principles of Vegetative Plant Propagation Richard J. McAvoy Associate Professor and Extension Specialist Plant Science Department Plant propagation refers to the process of increasing or repro ducing
More informationGARDEN MUMS FROM CELL PACKS GRIFFIN GREENHOUSE AND NURSERY SUPPLIES, INC.
GARDEN MUMS FROM CELL PACKS GRIFFIN GREENHOUSE AND NURSERY SUPPLIES, INC. Rick Yates, GGSPro Technical Support Manager E-mail: ggsprotech@griffinmail.com Upon Arrival Water as needed and keep in a full
More informationPOUR THRU TESTING OF CONTAINER MEDIA
Safety, Health & Environmental Management for Cornell Greenhouses Fall 2008 Workshop Nutrient Management POUR THRU TESTING OF CONTAINER MEDIA We will use meters to test properties of container media: ph
More informationPostharvest Handling of Berries
Postharvest Handling of Berries Eleni D. Pliakoni, Ph.D Assistant Professor, Kansas State University http://www.organicauthority.com/organic-berries-and-bagged-salads-top-organic-produce-sales/ Berries
More informationEvaluation of Postharvest Life of Selected Fresh-Cut Flowers
1998 Evaluation of Postharvest Life of Selected Fresh-Cut Flowers Report of Progress 840 Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service 1998 Evaluation of Postharvest
More informationCampanula Champion and Champion Pro. Plugs and Production
Campanula Champion and Champion Pro Plugs and Production Campanula Champion series plug and culture Campanula Champion series requires less cooling to flower and expands the marketing window from December
More information2017 Minnesota FFA Floriculture CDE Exam Multiple Choice: Please bubble in the most correct answer on your scantron sheet.
2017 Minnesota FFA Floriculture CDE Exam Multiple Choice: Please bubble in the most correct answer on your scantron sheet. 1. New businesses should realize that it usually requires for the business to
More informationMarket Dynamics Cut Flowers Europe October 2015
Market Dynamics Cut Flowers Europe October 2015 03 November, 2015 The Netherlands Netherlands Auctions The August 2015 cut flower turnover of the Dutch auctions decreased by 12% when compared to the same
More informationHorticulture 2018 Newsletter
Horticulture 2018 Newsletter No. 6 February 13, 2018 1712 Claflin, 2021 Throckmorton Plant Science Cntr. Manhattan, KS 66506 (785) 532-6173 Video of the Week: Pruning Fruit Trees FRUIT Pruning Fruit Trees
More informationHorticulture 2017 Newsletter
Horticulture 2017 Newsletter No. 6 February 7, 2017 2021 Throckmorton Plant Science Cntr. Manhattan, KS 66506 (785) 532-6173 Video of the Week: Prairie Flower: Hardy for Kansas FRUIT Approaching Time for
More informationSpecialty Cut Flowers & Season Extension
Specialty Cut Flowers & Season Extension Steve Bogash Regional Horticulture Educator Penn State Cooperative Extension Marketing: The First Step! Assess: Who are your buyers? Where will you sell? How large
More informationIdentifying the SIX Critical Control Points in High Tunnel Production
Identifying the SIX Critical Control Points in High Tunnel Production Terrance T. Nennich, Extension Professor Emeritus Vegetable and Small Fruit Production University of Minnesota Extension nenni001@umn.edu
More informationEffect of pulsing on improving the vase life of cut chrysanthemum (Dendranthema grandiflora Tzevelev.) cv. White Double
2018; 6(1): 1453-1457 P-ISSN: 2349 8528 E-ISSN: 2321 4902 IJCS 2018; 6(1): 1453-1457 2018 IJCS Received: 29-11-2017 Accepted: 30-12-2017 Raveendra Choudhari Landscape Architecture, K. R. C. College of
More informationSEEDS contain everything
Environmental Factors Affecting Seed Germination SEEDS contain everything necessary for the growth and development of a new plant. Some plants produce seeds that germinate immediately once they are released.
More informationOlericulture Hort 320 Lesson 5, Environment, Propagation
Olericulture Hort 320 Lesson 5, Environment, Propagation Jeremy S. Cowan WSU Spokane County Extension 222 N. Havana St. Spokane, WA 99202 Phone: 509-477-2145 Fax: 509-477-2087 Email: jeremy.cowan@wsu.edu
More informationFor Organic Gardening
COPPER DUST Ready to use Controls disease on potatoes, tomatoes, fruits, flowering shrubs and shade trees For Organic Gardening EPA Est. No. 4-NY-1 EPA Reg. No. 4-58 Buyers Guarantee Limited to Label Claims.
More informationSET UP ESSENTIALS Queen Anne Road Upper Marlboro, MD USA Phone: Web: flowerhandlers.com
SET UP ESSENTIALS 17601 Queen Anne Road Upper Marlboro, MD 20774 USA Phone: 301-249-1669 Web: flowerhandlers.com Styling, Designing and Arranging fresh cut flowers theflowergodmother.com A publication
More informationCrops GOALS: Classes: Wheat (4 quarts) Oats (4 quarts) Any other small grain
Crops GOALS: Classes: How to keep accurate crop records Small Grains: Include a Crop Record Sheet! Small grains should be sorted. Entries will be judged on cleanliness, grain size, color, evidence of mechanical
More information