Inputs seed, TC, cuttings Component, site, or stage of production Imported cuttings, bareroot, tissue culture

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1 Inputs seed, TC, cuttings Component, site, or stage of production Imported cuttings, bareroot, tissue culture Incoming cuttings, bareroot, tissue culture from domestic sources Incoming cuttings, bareroot, tissue culture from domestic sources Incoming cuttings, bareroot, tissue culture from domestic sources Incoming cuttings, bareroot, tissue culture from domestic sources Incoming cuttings, bareroot, tissue culture from domestic sources Incoming cuttings, bareroot, tissue culture from domestic sources Regulated Pests and Pathogens. Regulated pests and Systemic bacterial and viral, not regulated that are not regulated that are not regulated that are not regulated that are not regulated Introduction from offshore propagators Introduction on purchased stock or cuttings Introduction from purchased stock or cuttings Introduction on purchased stock or cuttings Introduction on purchased stock or cuttings Introduction on purchased stock or cuttings Introduction on purchased stock or cuttings As required, follow import regulations or complance agreements. Purchase from a systems approach certified source if possible. Inspect or test for pests and. Follow state regulations or compliance agreements. If available, purchase from certified sources where pre- shipment inspections have occurred. If not form a certified source or unknown, Grow out and inspect all deliveries prior to acceptance into inventory. Follow compliance agreements, if any. Inspect all deliveries and scout for leaf and root pests, vectors and upon receipt. Send questionable samples to a diagnostic lab when necessary. Determine appropriate action for pest or pathogen found whether that is treatment, other cultural control, thorough composting or destroying. Evaluate risk to determine options. Inspect and scout buy ins frequently during the first two weeks of propagation. Consider crop to determine scouting intervals. Avoid co- mingling of shipments prior to inspection. Determine appropriate action for pest or pathogen found whether that is treatment, other cultural control, thorough composting or destroying. Evaluate risk to determine options. If appropriate, request scouting and pest management records from supplier. Clean receiving docks frequently. seed seedborne integrity of the seed Purchase seed from reputable suppliers (those that incorporate seed testing, as available)

2 Inputs seed, TC, cuttings Component, site, or stage of production On site cuttings or stock that are not regulated Introduction from stock or cuttings Propagate stock on site from healthy stock plants. If necessary, apply a broad- spectrum fungicide treatment in the field before taking cuttings. Avoid taking cuttings when wet and avoid or remove soil particles. Do not co- mingle cuttings from different stock in water. Soak cuttings in a disinfectant solution, when appropriate. *Note. This section addresses the risks associated with purchasing propagative stock plants. Although it may be preferable to use stock that is on hand, this is not practical and not a normal industry practice. The BMP's listed are referring ONLY to stock that is purchased. BMP's that addressed on site TC, unrooted cuttings or other stock processes were moved to PRODUCTION tab. Propagation and production of greenhouse plants from cuttings whether from domestic, on site or foreign sites should be produced using the same BMP's

3 Inputs: media Component, site, or stage of production pots, trays and soilborne used Disinfest used or use on crops that are not highly susceptible to soilborne disease. pots, trays and soilborne new and Store in an area that is clean and sanitary. and pests disinfested used potting media soilborne media Use growing media that is clean or disinfested potting media soilborne media Store all planting media in an area that is clean and sanitary, away from production areas. Avoid standing water in storage area potting media soilborne media Avoid using field equipment to mix planting media. If using field equipment clean and sanitize equipment before use. potting media soilborne and pests media Ensure that soil and sand used is clean and sanitary. potting media potting media soilborne and pests soilborne pests and used media Spread of pests and with native soil Thoroughly compost, sanitize or immediately dispose of used media. Separate planting media from native soils, such as using concrete slabs, raised bins or other impervious material

4 Site Considerations Component, site, or stage of production Site selection and preparation Site selection and preparation waterborne, fungus gnats, moth flies, shoreflies, molluscs waterborne, fungus gnats, moth flies, shoreflies, molluscs Splash dispersal of ; damage from standing water Splash dispersal of ; damage from standing water Site selection and preparation Spread of pests and from cull piles or compost piles. Facilities constructed to drain well and avoid standing water. Roads and pathways should be properly graded to allow drainage and avoid standaing water standing water. Pavement, gravel or other impermeable surfaces may also help prevent standing water Locate cull piles where they will not contaminate production stock or areas. Note: For this purpose Site Requirements means risks that should be addressed prior to building new greenhouse facilities or nursery production areas. See Site Maintenance for risks associated with existing greenhouses

5 Site Maintenance Component, site, or stage of production Site maintenance Spread of pests and from surrounding vegetation Maintain a weed exclusion perimerter around greenhouse production areas. Regularly inspect greenhouse property for pests or or treat vegetation for pest control Site maintenance Weeds harboring pests and Control all weeds in and around greenhouses and production areas that may serve as alterrnative hosts, Establish a vegetation- free border around the greenhouse, free of ground covers, cover crops, or landscape plants. Site maintenance Spread of pests and with native soil Site maintenance waterborne, fungus gnats, moth flies, shoreflies, molluscs, nematodes If standing water persists, introduction of unwanted pests increases Avoid moving native soils between greenhouses unless sanitized. Address standing water by improving drainage, using gravel or impervious water barriers or raising plants off of floor. Site Maintenance Inspect facility to determine if all cultural and physical controls are in place. Site Maintenance soilborne pests and Spread of pests and with native soil Separate planting media from native soils, such as using concrete slabs, raised bins or other impervious material Site maintenance Spread of pests and from cull piles or compost piles. Locate cull piles where they will not contaminate production stock or areas. Note: For this purpose, these BMPs are to be considered for greenhouses/screenhouses, and nursery operations that are already in place. See Site Requirements for managing pest risk prior to building greenhouses.

6 Propagation Component, site, or stage of productiona Imported cuttings, bareroot, tissue culture Incoming cuttings, bareroot, tissue culture from domestic sources plant propagation - herbaceous cuttings in greenhouse, especially those regulated. Systemic bacterial and viral Introduction from offshore propagators Introduction from purchased stock or cuttings contamination from workers plant propagation - all contamination from cutting tools As required, follow import regulations or complance agreements. Purchase from a systems approach certified source if possible. Inspect or test for pests and. If available, purchase from certified sources where pre- shipment inspections have occurred. If not form a certified source or unknown, Grow out and inspect all deliveries prior to acceptance into inventory. Follow compliance agreements, if any. Provide employee training on sanitation and define appropriate clothing for propagation area; hands cleaned or disinfested between cultivars and/or gloves changed or disinfested between cultivars, when necessary. Provide clean footware, such as shoe coverings, dedicated footware or foot baths before entry. Disinfest cutting tools and blades frequently and between varieties, blocks or lots. plant propagation - all irrigation Irrigate so as to minimize splashing and periods of leaf wetness. Use a water source that does not contain plant. plant progagation - all introduction on cuttings or liners For known pests and, schedule scouting according to predicted emergence dates and/or key life cycle events. Schedule scouting at intervals that are frequent enough to prevent or manage outbreaks.. Send questionable samples to a diagnostic lab when necessary. Determine appropriate action for pest or pathogen found whether that is treatment, other cultural control, thorough composting or destroying. Evaluate risk to determine treatment options.

7 Propagation Component, site, or stage of productiona plant propagation - seed seedborne integrity of the seed Purchase seed from reputable suppliers (those that incorporate seed testing, as available) plant propagation - herbaceous crops Viruses such as INSV and TSWV and other insect vectored diseases weed and crop reservoirs of virus Maintain a weed exclusion perimerter around propagation facilities. Regularly inspect greenhouse property for pests or or treat vegetation for pest control plant propagation - all soilborne and pests introduction with soil Keep field soil, boots, or equipment out of the propagation area. Disinfest (clean with soap and water), if necessary. Restrict entry to propagation areas to workers conducting propagation. plant propagation - all soilborne pots and potting media Use new or disinfested pots and potting media plant propagation - all contamination from previous crops plant propagation - all entry of pests from outside the structure Clean greenhouses, tools, drip lines, emitters, beds, benches, plastic or bench coverings such as capillary mats between crops. Disinfest all if pest or have been detected. Where possible, use screens and other physical barriers to prevent entry of pests into the structure. Place any light traps, pheromone or other lures away from the structure entrances by at least 15 feet.

8 Propagation Component, site, or stage of productiona plant propagation- woody crops all fungal, bacterial & oomycete inoculum on cuttings collected in field Propagate stock on site from healthy stock plants. If necessary, apply a broad- spectrum fungicide treatment in the field before taking cuttings. Avoid taking cuttings when wet and avoid or remove soil particles. Do not co- mingle cuttings from different stock in water. Soak cuttings in a disinfectant solution, when appropriate.

9 Production Greenhouse Component, site, or stage of production greenhouse production Soil used in beds Disinfest soil/beds. Prevent direct contact of with the ground or unsanitized surfaces. greenhouse production weeds Control all weeds in and around greenhouses that may serve as alterrnative hosts. Establish a vegetation- free border around the greenhouse, free of ground covers, cover crops, or landscape plants. greenhouse production insects, molluscs, water molds, nematodes persistant standing water in soil or beds Address standing water by improving drainage, using gravel or impervious water barriers or raising plants off of floor. Avoid overwatering. greenhouse production greenhouse production greenhouse production soilborne and pests soilborne and pests soilborne and pests used pots media media Disinfest used or use on crops that are not susceptible to soilborne disease. Ensure that soil and sand used from site is clean and sanitary. Immediately dispose of used media or disinfest. greenhouse production infested and infected plants Immediately take appropriate management action or compost or dispose of infested or infected plants. If infested or infected with a regulated pest or pathogen, dispose of according to regulation. greenhouse production unsold stock Dispose of unsold plant material no longer actively managed. greenhouse production new stock Inspect all deliveries and scout for leaf and root pests, vectors and upon receipt. Send questionable samples to a diagnostic lab when necessary. Determine appropriate action for pest or pathogen found whether that is treatment, other cultural control, thorough composting or destroying. Evaluate risk to determine treatment options.

10 Production Greenhouse Component, site, or stage of production greenhouse production Regulated or high risk pests or new stock Segregate new, high- risk material in a separate area, inspect for leaf and root pests, vectors and upon receipt, carefull. Hold to confirm plants are pest free before commingling with existing material. Send questionable samples to a diagnostic lab when necessary. Determine appropriate action for pest or pathogen found whether that is treatment, other cultural control, thorough composting or destroying. Evaluate risk to determine treatment options. greenhouse production greenhouse production greenhouse production infested and infected plants infested and infected plants; soil infested and infected plants When moving material to be destroyed, make sure load is securely contained so nothing escapes. Equipment (shovels, pruning shears, trucks, loaders, etc.) should be cleaned before moving from contaminated areas to other areas. Disinfest tools between cultivars when appropriate. Separate shipments of the same plant from different suppliers, and separate seed- and cutting- grown plants of the same species, if possible, to minimize spread from a single contaminated source.

11 Outdoor Production - Component, site, or stage of productiona soilborne and pests soil or beds soil or beds weeds BMP c Prevent direct contact between and infested ground or disinfest if contaminated and possible. Clean leafy debris from beds prior to use. When necessary, remove infected leaf debris during use Control all weeds in and around production areas that may serve as alterrnative hosts. Establish a vegetation- free border around the greenhouse, free of ground covers, cover crops, or landscape plants. Comments insects, molluscs, watermolds, nematodes soilborne and pests soilborne and pests soilborne and pests soil or beds used pots media media Prevent standing water by not overwatering and correcting drainage problems, or by raising off the ground. Disinfest used or use on crops that are not susceptible to soilborne disease. If using soil or sand as ingredients in growing media, ensure that they have been treated so as to be free of pests and. Green waste ingredients need to be thoroughly composted to kill pests,, and weed seeds. Immediately dispose of used media or disinfest. In FL, must be 18" off the ground to ship to CA nematodes; for mealy bugs, high hole pots. This is for indoor production as well. overlap with pots and media overlap with pots and media overlap with pots and media

12 Outdoor Production - Component, site, or stage of productiona infested and infected plants unsold stock BMP c Immediately take appropriate management action or compost or dispose of infested or infected plants. If infested or infected with a regulated pest or pathogen, dispose of according to regulation. Dispose of unsold plant material no longer actively managed. Comments new stock infested and infected plants infested and infected plants infested and infected plants; soil Inspect new stock carefully and hold in separate area if pests or are found or suspected. overlap with procurement Scout crop frequently and take appropriate pest management action if plants are found to be infested or infected. overlap with scouting When moving material to be destroyed, make sure load is securely contained so nothing escapes. Equipment (shovels, pruning shears, trucks, loaders, etc.) should be cleaned before moving from contaminated areas to other areas. overlap with equipment

13 Outdoor Production- field Component, site, or stage of production field field field soilborne and pests soil BMP c Avoid planting in soil known to be infested with pests or. soil Prevent the accumulation of leafy debris. weeds Control all weeds that may serve as alterrnative hosts. Establish a vegetation- free border around the greenhouse, free of ground covers, cover crops, or landscape plants. Comments field field insects, snails, water molds, nematodes soil or beds infested and infected plants Prevent standing water by correcting drainage problems and not over- watering. Immediately take appropriate management action or compost or dispose of infested or infected plants. If infested or infected with a regulated pest or pathogen, dispose of according to regulation. In FL, must be 18" off the ground to ship to CA nematodes; for mealy bugs, high hole pots. field unsold stock Dispose of unsold plant material no longer actively managed.

14 Outdoor Production- field Component, site, or stage of production field field field field outdoor production- field BMP c Comments new stock Inspect new stock carefully and hold in separate area if pests or are overlap with found or suspected. procurement all stock Scout crop frequently and take appropriate pest management action if plants are found to be infested or infected. overlap with scouting. infested and When moving infected or infected plants infested material to be destroyed, make sure load is securely contained so nothing escapes. field equipment and tools contamination from workers Equipment (shovels, pruning shears, trucks, loaders, etc.) should be cleaned before moving from contaminated areas to overlap with other areas. equipment. Workers should avoid moving from contaminated areas to other areas and should take necessary sanitation precautions as needed

15 Scouting Component, site, or stage of production a cuttings, bareroot, tissue culture inputs Propagation and Production cycle Introduction on purchased stock or cuttings Introduction of pests or during propagation Inspect all deliveries and scout for leaf and root pests, vectors and upon receipt. Consider crop to determine scouting intervals. Send questionable samples to a diagnostic lab when necessary. Determine appropriate action for pest or pathogen found whether that is treatment, other cultural control, thorough composting or destroying. Evaluate risk to determine options. Regularly inspect for pests and symptomatic plants. Identify pest, pathogen or abiotic problem and record. Adjust scouting frequency, according to crop type. If appropriate, control or treat for pests d found and record treatment. Propagation and production cycle Place photographs of pests, and symptomatic plants in appropriate employee areas Propagation and production cycle all pests Label and date all traps. Inspect and regularly change traps. Propagation and production cycle new or unknown pests or Send unusual or unrecognized pests and diseases to a laboratory for diagnosis and identification or consult a Farm advisor or other expert for identification. Propagation and production cycle Take appropriate corrective action and treatments if pests and diseases are found. Document the corrective action. Propagation and production cycle Processing/grading Introduction of pests and during processing/grading For known pests and, schedule scouting according to predicted emergence dates and/or key life cycle events. Schedule scouting at intervals that are frequent enough to prevent or manage outbreaks. Regularly inspect for pests and symptomatic plants. Identify pest, pathogen or abiotic problem and record. Adjust scouting frequency according to crop type. If appropriate, control or treat for pests and found and record treatment.

16 Scouting Component, site, or stage of production a Storage Shipment Site Maintenance Site Maintenance introduction of pests and during storage of stock packaging and shipping Spread of pests and from surrounding vegetation Regularly inspect for pests and symptomatic plants. Identify pest, pathogen or abiotic problem and record. Adjust scouting frequency according to crop type. If appropriate, control or treat for pests and found and record treatment. Thoroughly inspect ALL material before shipping. Only ship material that is free from regulated pests and apparently free of other pests and. Record any pests/ and symptomatic plants found. If appropriate, control or treat for pests and found and record treatment. Only ship if treatment successful. Maintain a weed exclusion perimerter around greenhouse production areas. Regularly inspect greenhouse property for pests or or treat vegetation for pest control Inspect facility to determine if all cultural and physical controls are in place.

17 Shipping Component, site, or stage of production Shipping Shipping Shipping Shipping Returned product shipping pests and Thoroughly inspect ALL material before shipping. Only ship material that is free from regulated pests and apparently free of other pests and. Record any pests/ and symptomatic plants found. If appropriate, control or treat for pests and found and record treatment. Only ship if treatment successful. Maintain records (inventory number, dates, type) of all shipments. Do not shipping pests and ship plants with pests or diseases. Have records readily available. delivery of out going Do not allow delivery or customer trucks to be cleaned on facility stock property delivery of out going stock Ensure that trucks, pallets, and crates are clean before loading Introduction of pests If possible, do not accept product returns. If accepted, scout frequently or from before co- mingling with inventory. other sources

18 Water Management Component, site, or stage of production water management waterborne infested surface irrigation water water management waterborne, fungus gnats, moth flies, shoreflies, molluscs, nematodes splash dispersal of ; pest damage from standing water water management waterborne Recycled or recaptured water Disinfest irrigation water using effective methods Prevent standing water by not overwatering and correcting drainage problems, or by raising off the ground. Disinfest recycled and recaptured water using effective methods. Note; runoff from production may be regulated.

19 Equipment Component, site, or stage of production a Plant procurement; cuttings, bareroot, tissue culture Plant procurement; cuttings, bareroot, tissue culture delivery of incoming stock delivery of incoming stock Inspect all delivery vehicles and clean soil and plant debris from receiving docks frequently. Dispose of appropriately. Maintain clean trailers, carts, tools, materials and other equipment used to transport plants to throughout the nursery. Clean equipment frequently and after transporting diseased or pest infested plants. Consider dedicated equipment for buy ins or incoming planting material Propagation - all (vegetative, woody, seed) Greenhouse production Greenhouse production Greenhouse production Greenhouse production Greenhouse production Processing/grading Processing/grading Processing/grading all phases of propagation production equipment and tools transporting equipment potting equipment irrigation equipment initial processing/grading storage bins and racks packaging packaging Clean trailers, carts and other equipment used to transport plants in and/or out of propagation areas. Keep all tools, equipment, baskets, off ground or floor Clean equipment, tools and other materials as needed and when appropriate, especially after handling or transporting diseased or pest infested plants. Maintain clean trailers, carts and other equipment used to transport media. Disinfest if contamination occurs Clean potting equipment, as needed Disinfest irrigation equipment after each crop cycle or more often if contamination occurs Clean grading equipment as needed. Consider crop or stock type to determine frequency Clean between seasons Clean packaging areas at a frequency appropropriate for the crop or stock type Maintain clean trailers, carts and other equipment used to transport plants for packaging.

20 Equipment Component, site, or stage of production a Shipping Trucks and other customer equipment Ensure that trucks, pallets, and crates are clean before loading. Do not allow delivery or customer trucks to be cleaned on facility property

21 Sanitation Disposal Component, site, or stage of production a Disposal of unsold plants Disposal of plants infested with pest/ - except quarantine pests/ Disposal of plants infested quarantine pests with quarantine and pests/ Compost and cull piles culled plants Container media Container media Container media Containers Returned product soilborne and pests soilborne and pests quarantine pests and unsold stock infested and infected plants from sourcing plants infected or infested with quarantine and pests spread of pests and from cull piles or compost piles Dispose of unsold plant material no longer actively managed as appropriate Immediately dispose of infested or infected plants or compost this material. Do not compost plants that are infested or infected with quarantine pests or. Dispose of according to quarantine regulation. Dispose of according to quarantine regulation. Locate compost and cull piles where they will not contaminate production stock or areas. spread of pests and Dispose of culled plant material as appropriate from cull piles or compost piles soil and other media Dispose of used media by appropriate means or thoroughly disinfest media if reused. soil and media from infested and infected plant soil and planting media infested with quarantine pests/ from infested/infected plants Introduction of pests or from other sources Immediately dispose of infested media or compost this material. Do not compost plants that are infested or infected with quarantine pests or. Dispose of according to quarantine regulation. Dispose of according to quarantine regulation. Thoroughly disinfest all pots and that had infected or infested plants before reuse, or dispose of used contaminated pots. If possible, do not accept product returns. If accepted, scout frequently before co- mingling with inventory.

22 Training Component, site, or stage of production a Introduce the overall systems approach and identify goals and respective duties. Train at least two staff members to cover for absences due to sickness and vacations. Provide instruction, training and/or materials for inspection and recognizing disease symptoms or pest signs. Training must be appropriate for the responsibility of the position. Provide instruction on procedures for recording, reporting pests/ and symptomatic plants Provide instruction on procedures for treatments, rejecting and/or disposal of symptomatic or infested plants Provide instruction on procedures for maintaining/updating all records Provide instruction on all sanitation procedures, including tools and equipment, and waste management procedures Provide instruction on chain of command reporting Provide instruction on recording treatment methods and materials Provide instruction on material handling and storage Provide instruction on biosecurity Develop methods to track training and compliance

23 Recordkeeping Component, site, or stage of production a Plant procurement delivery of incoming stock Maintain records (inventory number, dates, source and type) of stock delivery, scouting dates and results (pests or found), treatments, disposal or other measures. Have records readily available. Propagation propagation cycle Maintain records throughout propagation (inventory number, dates, type, condition). Record scouting dates and results (pests or found), treatments, disposal or other measures. Have records readily available. Production production cycle Maintain records (inventory number, dates, type) throughout production. Record scouting dates and results (pests or found), treatments, disposal or other measures. Have records readily available. Processing/grading Shipment Storage all processing/gradin g steps packaging and loading contamination by storage pests Maintain records (inventory number, dates, type) during all stages of processing/grading. Record scouting dates and results (pests or found), treatments, disposal or other measures. Have records readily available. Maintain records (inventory number, dates, type) of all shipments. Do not ship plants with pests or diseases. Have records readily available. Maintain records (inventory number, dates, type) during storage. Scout if applicable and maintain scouting records. Have records available.

24 Facility Security Component, site, or stage of productiona staff sanitation introduction of pests and by staff Provide training to staff on sanitation procedures to prevent introduction of pests and Access introduction of pests and by visitors Control access to facility and direct vistors and deliveries to appropriate areas