Use of Tissue culture to alleviate the supply of quality planting materials among cacao smallholder farmers in Cote d Ivoire

Transcription

1 Use of Tissue culture to alleviate the supply of quality planting materials among cacao smallholder farmers in Cote d Ivoire Jane Kahia, Siaka Kone, Georges Ngoran, Lucien Diby.,Jean Claude Nzi and Christophe Kouamé V4C Management Meeting Bassam December 2015

2 Outline DEFINATIONS CACAO SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS (SE) IN VITRO PROPGATION OF PLANTAIN BANANA PROPAGATION OF SOME ELITE CASSAVA CULTIVARS

3 DEFINATIONS TISSUE CULTURE (TC) -Production of plantlets from explants, sterile conditions and controlled environment SOMATIC EMBROYGENESIS -Production of embryos from somatic cells (non sexual cells)

4 SE Cont., Two pathways of regeneration Direct SE- bipolar embryos formed directly from the explants e.g coffee Indirect SE-Explant- callus-embryos-plantlets

5 CACAO SE Conventionally propagated by seeds, cuttings and grafting. Propagation by cuttings is rarely used in CDI SE provides a feasible option for mass propagation of elite clones Plants derived from somatic embryos are genetically identical to their parental donor cells

6 SE OF CACAO Unopened flowers are collected early in the morning before 9.am Sterilized and staminodes and petals explants extracted Cultured on media supplemented with cytokinins and auxins in the dark Callus induced after 14 days Embryos produced after 2 months

7 SE cont., Embryos germinated into plantlets in a growth room maintained 25 ±2C Plantlets weaned in a greenhouse Commonly use protocol is the Penn State University protocol of 1997

8 SE CACAO PROCEDURE OF PRODUCING CACAO PLANTLETS USING SE Staminodes Petals Callus Embryos Weaned plantlets Cacao plantlets

9 Table 1: Effect of 2,4-D (10 µm) and varying concentrations of Kinetin (2.5, 5 and 25 µm) on callus and embryos induction in cacao. Genotypes 2,4-D (10 µm) Percent callus ± S.E Percent embryogenic Mean No. of embryos ± +Concentrations of callus ± S.E S.E Kinetin in µm C1 Control ± 4.00 a ± 2.06 a 3.34 ± 0,34 a ± 2.56 a ± 0.85 b ± 1.15 b ± 0.00 a ± 0.00 c ± 1.15 c ± 0.00 a 0.00 ± 0.00 d 0.00 ± 0.00 a C14 Control ± 0.00 a 5.33 ± 1.33 d 1.33 ± 0.33 a ± 2.40 b ± 5.29 e 7.33 ± 2.02 b ± 0.36 b 6.13 ± 0.12 d 1.00 ± 0.00 a ± 4.00 a 0.00 ± 0.00 d 0.00 ± 0.00 a

10 Table 2: Effect of 2,4-D (20 µm) and varying concentrations of Kinetin (2.5, 5 and 25 µm) on callus and embryos induction in cacao. Genotypes 2,4-D (20 µm) Percent callus ± S.E Percent embryogenic Mean No. of embryos ± +Concentrations of Kinetin callus ± S.E S.E in µm C1 Control ± 4.00 a ± 2.06 a 3.33 ± 0.33 a ± 2.67 a ± 3.18 b ± 1.73 b ± 0.00 a 0.00 ± 0.00 c 0.00 ± 0.00 a ± 0.00 a 0.00 ± 0.00 c 0.00 ± 0.00 a C14 Control ± 0.00 a 5.33 ± 1.33 c 1.33± 0.33 a ± 3.70 a ± 4.49 b ± 2.30 b ± 0.00 a ± 5.82 a 3.00 ± 1.15 a ± 1.96 a 0.00 ± 0.00 c 0.00 ± 0.00 a

11 IN VITRO PROPAGATION OF BANANA Major staple food crop for millions Conventionally propagated by suckers 9-10 suckers depending on the variety Banana tissue culture initiated to support CocoAction Using TC-1 sucker can produce upto 200 banana plantlets

12 IN VITRO PROPAGATION OF BANANA Preparation of explants Initiation Weaned plantlets Multiplication and Rooting

13 MICROPROPAGATION OF SOME ELITE CASSAVA CULTIVARS Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is the fifth most important food crop in the world Conventionally propagated by stem cuttings High-quality cassava cuttings for planting are often in short supply In CDI, cassava production has been hampered by the use of poor-quality, diseaseprone planting materials

14 CASSAVA Cont., High-yielding, disease-tolerant improved cassava varieties available. These varieties have the potential to raise the cassava productivity by 3 to 4 times The adoption of these elite varieties by farmers can be fast tracked by propagation using TC Cassava plantlets

15 CASSAVA Two methods of regeneration being evaluated SE and micropropagation High regeneration rates using micropropagation SE promising-preferred

16 MERCI POUR VOTRE ATTENTION