Secondary Consumer (Carnivore or Omnivore)

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Secondary Consumer (Carnivore or Omnivore)"

Transcription

1 Chapter 8 - Water and Soil Conservation Benefits of Living Organisms for Water and Soil 1. plants break fall of rain and reduce damage to the soil 2. plant materials on the soil provide a rain absorbing layer on the surface 3. decayed plants improve soil structure and nutrient content 4. plants move water around by taking it up in their roots and releasing it in the atmosphere The interdependence of plants and animals for food constitutes what is known as a food chain. Food Chain - A sequence of organisms showing what eats what. Producer Primary Consumer (Herbivore) Secondary Consumer (Carnivore or Omnivore) Decomposer Producers Manufacture their own food supply chemically (photosynthesis). This means that they are autotrophic. They start the food chain (usually a plant). Consumers Feed on other organisms. They are heterotrophic (cannot make their own food). Herbivores: consumers that feed on plants Carnivores: consumers that feed on animals Omnivores: consumers that feed on both plants and animals. Decomposers Feed on dead organisms. They are saprotrophic. They clean up and recycle matter in an ecosystem. Bacteria and fungi.

2 Earth s Water Supply Of all the water on Earth, only a small amount is available for us to use. 97.2% of the Earth's water supply is salt water, leaving only 2.8% as fresh water of the total supply of water on Earth: 0.6% is groundwater (we can use some of this water) 0.01% is in lakes and streams (we can use some of this water) 2.2% is in glaciers and icecaps 0.001% is water vapor The Water Cycle The cycling of water between the water sources, atmosphere, and the surface areas is called the water cycle.

3 Types of Pollution Point Source Pollution Pollutants that are discharged from, and can be traced back to, an identifiable point or source. Example: Factory s discharge pipe or sewage ditch. Nonpoint Source Pollution When the source of a pollutant cannot be identified; it could have come from many places. Examples: runoff from agricultural fields containing fertilizers or pesticides motor oil filtering from urban areas sediments from eroded stream banks Conserving Water and Improving Water Quality 1. Save clean water 2. Dispose of household products carefully 3. Care for lawns, gardens and farmland carefully 4. Practice sensible pest control 5. Control water run-off keep soil covered with plants no-till planting crops without plowing or disking alternate strips with close growing crops with row crops contour farming plant cover crops 6. Control soil erosion 7. Avoid spillage or dumping of gasoline, fuel or oil in the ground 8. Keep chemical spills from seeping away 9. Properly maintain your septic system

4 Relationships of Land and Water Precipitation Land as a Reservoir land serves as a container for water water soaks down into the soil and forms a water table water below the table may run out to the surface in the form of springs, creating river, bays and oceans Types of Ground Water saturated soil has water occupying all of its pores water that drains out of wetted soil is gravitational water capillary water is held loosely against soil particles and can be absorbed by plant roots hygroscopic water is held tightly by soil and is unable to be absorbed by plants. Soil Important Soil Properties: 1. Soil is a limited, renewable resource that is used in many ways. Soil is the foundation for life. 2. Soil is the loose material covering the surface of the earth which has been created by natural processes. Soil supports plant and animal life. 3. Soil is made up of 4 parts: mineral matter (45%) air (25%) water (25%) organic matter (5%) Mineral Matter o What you can see and feel. o Soil texture or particles size distribution refers to the proportions of sand, silt, and clay particles which make up the mineral component in a particular soil. o On PEI, the agricultural soil types are loams to fine sandy loams. They are high in silt and fine, but low in clay. o Air and Water o Should contain even amounts of air and water. o The amount of air and water space is referred to as the soil porosity. Organic Matter o Composed of anything that lives or once lived. o Humus helps the soil store water and nutrients and reduces erosion.

5 Land erosion and soil conservation caused by: o wind and rain o Deforestation o slash and burn method of farming Trees help to prevent soil erosion It takes about years for nature to develop 1 inch of soil from bedrock. Functions of Soil 1. Medium for plant growth A source of nutrients Provides ventilation for plants root systems Absorb rainwater and hold it where it can be used by the plants roots. Has insulating properties (protects the deep root systems from extreme temperatures). 2. Regulator of water supplies Soil filters and regulates water supply by storing water after a precipitation event. 3. Habitat for organisms Small quantities of soil can house whole food chains These organisms decompose organic matter and convert minerals and nutrients into usable forms. 4. Recycler of raw materials Turns this waste into humus Converts the mineral into forms used by plants and animals Returns the carbon to the atmosphere as carbon dioxide 5. Engineering medium For structures (roads, causeways, foundations for buildings and bridges). Establishment of forestry and agriculture crops.

6 Soil Forming Processes 1. Chemical weathering Decomposition from chemical reaction of minerals in the rock and oxygen, water, or other chemicals. Example oxidation (rusting). 2. Physical weathering Also known as disintegration, when larger rocks are broken down into smaller pieces. Examples glacier movement, temperature changes (frost wedging), moving water. 3. Biological weathering Organisms help breakdown rocks to form soil. Examples tree roots, burrowing animals Most soils are a combination of sand, silt and clay called loams. Good growing soil contains 20% clay, 40% silt, and 40% sand. PEI s Provincial soil is sandy loam. Remember It takes thousands of years for soils to develop. A soil that is destroyed now will not be replaced within our lifetime. Prevention and Reduction of soil erosion Most methods are based on: reducing raindrop impact reducing or slowing the speed of wind or water moving across the land. securing the soil with plant roots. increasing absorption of water. carrying run-off water safely away. Ways to reduce or prevent wind and water erosion include: keep soil covered when growing plants cover the soil with mulch. use strip cropping on hilly lands rotate crops increase organic matter in soil correct balance of lime and fertilizer avoid overgrazing by animals.

Loam: About 40% sand, 40% silt, 20% clay. Mixture of pore sizes to balance water retention and aeration. Considered the best soil for growing crops.

Loam: About 40% sand, 40% silt, 20% clay. Mixture of pore sizes to balance water retention and aeration. Considered the best soil for growing crops. Soil Characteristics Soil is formed from a combination of two Primary sources: Weathering of Parent Rock ( ) = material introduced by plants, animals, and decomposers Minor sources: Nutrients incorporated

More information

There are different types of weathering weathering and weathering. Both types work together to change Earth s surface.

There are different types of weathering weathering and weathering. Both types work together to change Earth s surface. Weathering effects Classifying Sediment The surface processes that break down rock are called. Weathering breaks rock into smaller and smaller pieces. Tiny moss plants, earthworms, wind, rain, and even

More information

WEATHERING AND SOIL FORMATION. 8th Grade- Mr. Stelma

WEATHERING AND SOIL FORMATION. 8th Grade- Mr. Stelma WEATHERING AND SOIL FORMATION 8th Grade- Mr. Stelma WEATHERING EFFECTS The surface processes that break down rock are called weathering. Weathering breaks rock into smaller and smaller pieces. Tiny moss

More information

EDULABZ. Ans. (b) 7. The soft, porous layer with a good water-retaining capacity forms the

EDULABZ. Ans. (b) 7. The soft, porous layer with a good water-retaining capacity forms the 3 SOIL I. Multiple choice questions: Tick ( ) the correct choice. 1. The process of soil formation is called (a) conservation (b) weathering (c) erosion (d) none Ans. (b) 2. Soil profile consists of (a)

More information

Components of Soil. Humus: (a carbon sink) Dark brown or black color indicates high nitrogen content.

Components of Soil. Humus: (a carbon sink) Dark brown or black color indicates high nitrogen content. Components of Soil Humus: (a carbon sink) Dark brown or black color indicates high nitrogen content. Inorganic Soil Components: Particle Size: Clay- Very fine Silt- Fine Sand- Medium Gravel- Large Discuss

More information

5.1 Introduction to Soil Systems IB ESS Mrs. Page

5.1 Introduction to Soil Systems IB ESS Mrs. Page 5.1 Introduction to Soil Systems IB ESS Mrs. Page 2015-2016 I Am Soil Thinking Routine: See, Think, Wonder Look at the following images. For each image write down what you see Then write down what you

More information

SOIL BASICS & CONSERVATION

SOIL BASICS & CONSERVATION SOIL BASICS & CONSERVATION What Is Soil? Soil is a mix of eroded rock, minerals, water, air, living things, and decaying matter. Ecosystem Services of Soil Provides nutrients for plants Provides support

More information

Unit 1 Lesson 5 Soil Formation. Copyright Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

Unit 1 Lesson 5 Soil Formation. Copyright Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company The Dirt on Soil What causes soil to form? Soil is a loose mixture of rock fragments, organic matter, water, and air that can support the growth of vegetation. The first step in soil formation is the weathering

More information

The Nature of Soil Soil Conservation Sustainable Ag.

The Nature of Soil Soil Conservation Sustainable Ag. Chapter 6 & 7 The Nature of Soil Soil Conservation Sustainable Ag. Climate Soil Forming Factors Parent material Organisms Topography Time Value of Soil Soil is under appreciated Condition of soil affects

More information

Soil Geography Notes JC-Learn. JC-Learn. Geography Notes Soil. 1 P a g e

Soil Geography Notes JC-Learn. JC-Learn. Geography Notes Soil. 1 P a g e JC-Learn Geography Notes Soil 1 P a g e Soil Soil is the thin covering of loose material that makes up the outermost layer of our planet. It is a living thing and a rich natural resource. Plants need soil

More information

Soil Resources. Soil Horizons

Soil Resources. Soil Horizons Soil Resources Soil Uppermost layer of earth s crust that supports plants, animals and microbes Soil Forming Factors Parent Material Time Climate Organisms Topography Soil Composition Mineral Particles

More information

3 From Bedrock to Soil

3 From Bedrock to Soil CHAPTER 10 3 From Bedrock to Soil SECTION Weathering and Soil Formation BEFORE YOU READ After you read this section, you should be able to answer these questions: What is soil? How do the features of soil

More information

Lesson 1: Recognizing the Characteristics of Soils and the Soil Requirements for Fruit and Nut Crops

Lesson 1: Recognizing the Characteristics of Soils and the Soil Requirements for Fruit and Nut Crops Lesson 1: Recognizing the Characteristics of Soils and the Soil Requirements for Fruit and Nut Crops 1 Mineral matter Organic matter Pore spaces Tilth Hygroscopic water Soil aeration 22 I. Soil is a layer

More information

Science Grade : 9 Term-3/Final Exam Revision Sheet

Science Grade : 9 Term-3/Final Exam Revision Sheet Science Grade : 9 Term-3/Final Exam Revision Sheet Exam Date:Sunday 3/6/2018 CCS:ES.1c,1d,1e,1g,1k Chapter(10): Weathering and soil formation Sections:2,3,4 Textbook pages 284 to 297 Chapter(10):Weathering

More information

Unit 5: Soil - Stages of Soil formation

Unit 5: Soil - Stages of Soil formation Biology Form 3 Page 68 Ms. R. Buttigieg Unit 5: Soil - Stages of Soil formation Soil is the layer of material covering parts of the land, the home of many organisms and the area from which land plants

More information

DELHI PUBLIC SCHOOL TAPI

DELHI PUBLIC SCHOOL TAPI DELHI PUBLIC SCHOOL TAPI CLASS VII SUBJECT: SCIENCE Ch 9- SOIL Subjective Type Exercises A. Very Short Answer Questions 1. What is weathering? Ans: The process of breaking down of rocks by the action of

More information

Chapter 15 Soil Resources

Chapter 15 Soil Resources Chapter 15 Soil Resources Overview of Chapter 15 What is Soil? Soil Horizons Nutrient Cycling Soil Properties and Major Soil Types Soil Problems Soil Conservation and Regeneration Soil Uppermost layer

More information

EARTH SCIENCE CONCEPTS -Geologic time scale

EARTH SCIENCE CONCEPTS -Geologic time scale EARTH SCIENCE CONCEPTS -Geologic time scale -Plate Tectonics -Earthquakes *result of vibrations (often due to plate movement) deep in the Earth that release energy *often occur at transform boundaries

More information

4/23/2018. Soil John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Lecture 14

4/23/2018. Soil John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Lecture 14 Lecture 14 Soil Lecture 14 1. The Soil System 2. Soil Properties and Major Soil Types 3. Environmental Problems Related to Soil 4. Soil Conservation and Regeneration 1 The Soil System Soil Uppermost layer

More information

HORT 102: Soil Properties. Cultivated Plants: Lecture 15. [Teresa Koenig] Slide #: 1 Slide Title: Intro Information Slide

HORT 102: Soil Properties. Cultivated Plants: Lecture 15. [Teresa Koenig] Slide #: 1 Slide Title: Intro Information Slide HORT 102: Soil Properties Cultivated Plants: Lecture 15 [Teresa Koenig] Slide #: 1 Slide Title: Intro Information Slide Title: Lecture 15 Soil Properties Speaker: Teresa Koenig Created by: Teresa Koenig,

More information

Overview of Chapter 14

Overview of Chapter 14 14 Soil Resources Overview of Chapter 14 The Soil System Soil Properties and Major Soil Types Environmental Problems Related to Soil Soil Conservation and Regeneration Soil Uppermost layer of earth s crust

More information

ECOSYSTEMS 3 SEPTEMBER 2014

ECOSYSTEMS 3 SEPTEMBER 2014 ECOSYSTEMS 3 SEPTEMBER 2014 Lesson Description In this lesson we: Focus on factors that affect ecosystems Challenge Question A multi-national mining corporation is seeking the rights mine coal in the Kruger

More information

1. The process whereby insoluble material is transported down into the soil to the subsoil is called

1. The process whereby insoluble material is transported down into the soil to the subsoil is called WORLD GEOGRAPHY 3200/3202 Unit 3 review 1. The process whereby insoluble material is transported down into the soil to the subsoil is called 2. Any naturally occurring material which humans choose to use

More information

Introduction to Environmental Science. Soil Characteristics. Chapter 11 Soil

Introduction to Environmental Science. Soil Characteristics. Chapter 11 Soil Chapter 11 Soil Soil Characteristics It s more than dirt Most soils are 100s of years old Weathering breaks down parent rock Soil Separates (particle types) Sand (largest) Silt Clay (smallest) Plants contribute

More information

O horizon: the O-horizon is made up of organic material. The horizon is found at the soil surface.

O horizon: the O-horizon is made up of organic material. The horizon is found at the soil surface. A Good Dirty n Soil Lab: References: Wagner & Sanford. Environmental Science. Wiley & Sons, 2005. Molnar. Laboratory Investigations for AP* Env. Science. Peoples Ed, 2005. Soil Porosity & Permeability

More information

Eco new farmers. Module 2 Soil and Nutrient Cycling. Section 1 Soils and soil fertility

Eco new farmers. Module 2 Soil and Nutrient Cycling. Section 1 Soils and soil fertility Eco new farmers Module 2 Soil and Nutrient Cycling Section 1 Soils and soil fertility Module 2 Soil and Nutrient Cycling Section 1 - Soils and soil fertility www.econewfarmers.eu 1. Introduction You will

More information

Alluvium Bedrock Chemical Weathering Climate Glacial Till Loess Native Vegetation

Alluvium Bedrock Chemical Weathering Climate Glacial Till Loess Native Vegetation 1 Alluvium Bedrock Chemical Weathering Climate Glacial Till Loess Native Vegetation Organic Matter Outwash Parent Material Physical Weathering Prairie Soils Timber Soils Topography 2 There are five primary

More information

Soil. Guiding Question: What is soil?

Soil. Guiding Question: What is soil? LESSON 1 Soil Guiding Question: What is soil? Explain three processes by which soil forms. Describe the horizons that make up a soil profile. List the four characteristics used to classify soil. Reading

More information

Recommended Resources: The following resources may be useful in teaching this lesson:

Recommended Resources: The following resources may be useful in teaching this lesson: Unit A: Principles of Soil Lesson 1: Importance of Soil to Afghanistan Student Learning Objectives: Instruction in this lesson should result in students achieving the following objectives: 1. Explain how

More information

ì<(sk$m)=bdjjgf< +^-Ä-U-Ä-U

ì<(sk$m)=bdjjgf< +^-Ä-U-Ä-U Genre Comprehension Skill Text Features Science Content Nonfiction Compare and Contrast Captions Labels Rocks and Minerals Call Outs Glossary Scott Foresman Science 6.9 ì

More information

Recommended Resources: The following resources may be useful in teaching

Recommended Resources: The following resources may be useful in teaching Unit B: Establishing a Fruit Garden Lesson 1: Recognize the Characteristics of Soils and the Soil Requirements for Fruit and Nut Crops Student Learning Objectives: Instruction in this lesson should result

More information

Soil is. Pieces of rock Minerals Decaying organic matter Water Air Living organisms All mixed together!

Soil is. Pieces of rock Minerals Decaying organic matter Water Air Living organisms All mixed together! Soil is. Pieces of rock Minerals Decaying organic matter Water Air Living organisms All mixed together! Soil Horizons the layers of soil O-horizon: the surface litter. Mainly black or brown A-horizon:

More information

TEXTBOOK QUESTIONS AND THEIR ANSWERS. Q.1. Can the soil from a field be used to make toys?

TEXTBOOK QUESTIONS AND THEIR ANSWERS. Q.1. Can the soil from a field be used to make toys? 9 SOIL TEXTBOOK QUESTIONS AND THEIR ANSWERS Q.1. Can the soil from a field be used to make toys? Ans. No, soil from a field cannot be used to make toys. In order to make toys the soil should be clayey.

More information

1. The Nature of Soils and Soil Fertility

1. The Nature of Soils and Soil Fertility 1. The Nature of Soils and Soil Fertility The Ontario Soil Fertility Handbook contains information on the fundamental concepts of soil fertility. If you have ever wondered how nutrients make their way

More information

(iv) Middle layer of the soil (d) Small particles and packed tight

(iv) Middle layer of the soil (d) Small particles and packed tight NCERT solution Soil 1 Question 1 In addition to the rock particles, the soil contains (i) air and water (ii) water and plants (iii) minerals, organic matter, air and water (iv) water, air and plants (iii)

More information

Soil 1/18/2012. Soils, Nutrients and Fertilizers Part I. Soil Profile

Soil 1/18/2012. Soils, Nutrients and Fertilizers Part I. Soil Profile Soils, Nutrients and Fertilizers Part I Handouts: Soil Texture Triangle ph Nutrient Availability Soil Diverse combination of weathered rock fragments and minerals, with decaying remains of plants and animals

More information

Lawn and Yard Care Choices

Lawn and Yard Care Choices SYSTEM (n) Interacting and interdependent parts that form a whole. Whether you choose an exceptional lawn, low input lawn, conversion of lawn, or a combination of types Lawn and Yard Care Choices Thank

More information

Soil is a Natural Resource. February 12, 2015

Soil is a Natural Resource. February 12, 2015 February 12, 2015 February 12, 2015 Soil types differ in how they hold water. Soil that is mostly humus absorbs water like a sponge with only a little runoff, and this water is then available to the plants.

More information

2016 Area 3 Envirothon Muskingum County Soils Test ANSWER KEY

2016 Area 3 Envirothon Muskingum County Soils Test ANSWER KEY 2016 Area 3 Envirothon Muskingum County Soils Test ANSWER KEY 1. The majority of the bedrock in Muskingum County is. a. sedimentary bedrock b. glacial bedrock c. igneous bedrock d. metamorphic bedrock

More information

The GEOGRAPHY of SOILS. Physical Geography (Geog. 300) Prof. Hugh Howard American River College

The GEOGRAPHY of SOILS. Physical Geography (Geog. 300) Prof. Hugh Howard American River College The GEOGRAPHY of SOILS Physical Geography (Geog. 300) Prof. Hugh Howard American River College SOIL and SOIL- FORMING FACTORS SOIL and FORMING FACTORS Soil Natural surface layer of Earth Composed of mineral

More information

ASTOUNDING as it may seem, a shovelful of soil

ASTOUNDING as it may seem, a shovelful of soil The Nature of Soil ASTOUNDING as it may seem, a shovelful of soil holds more living things than all the humans that have ever been born. Living things are just one component of soil, a material undervalued

More information

SOIL SCIENCE 101. By Dawn Pettinelli UConn Soil Nutrient Analysis Lab CT Envirothon Training, 2016

SOIL SCIENCE 101. By Dawn Pettinelli UConn Soil Nutrient Analysis Lab CT Envirothon Training, 2016 SOIL SCIENCE 101 By Dawn Pettinelli UConn Soil Nutrient Analysis Lab CT Envirothon Training, 2016 dawn.pettinelli@uconn.edu Soil is the collection of natural bodies in the earth s surface, in places modified

More information

Soil Interpretations Erosion and Sedimentation Control Planning and Design Workshop

Soil Interpretations Erosion and Sedimentation Control Planning and Design Workshop Soil Interpretations Erosion and Sedimentation Control Planning and Design Workshop Presented by Richard Brooks Presentation prepared by Kristin May Resource Soil Scientists USDA-Natural Resources Conservation

More information

Name. There are three main types of soils called textures. They are: sand, silt, and clay. Sand has the largest particles and clay has the smallest.

Name. There are three main types of soils called textures. They are: sand, silt, and clay. Sand has the largest particles and clay has the smallest. Introduction Name What Soil is: Soil is a natural body made up of minerals (rock), organic (living and dead) materials, air, and water. Soil has living and dead parts in it. There are three main types

More information

Unit 6 Lesson 3 What Is Soil? Copyright Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

Unit 6 Lesson 3 What Is Soil? Copyright Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company Soil Is Not Just Dirt When you are in a forest or garden, what is under your feet? Below the sticks, rocks, and plants, there is soil. Soil Is Not Just Dirt What is soil? What are parts of soil? Soil is

More information

Soil Management: the basis of sustainable agriculture

Soil Management: the basis of sustainable agriculture Soil Management: the basis of sustainable agriculture FAB-465 Lecture 11 Lecture Outline Soil Formation Soil Structure/Texture Indicators of Soil Health or Fertility Soil Conservation Practices 1 Soil

More information

Do We Really Need Soil? Let s Dig Up the Facts!

Do We Really Need Soil? Let s Dig Up the Facts! Do We Really Need Soil? Let s Dig Up the Facts! Soil Contains the Minerals All Living Things Need! We Use Soil to Grow Food! Many Animals and Microscopic Creatures Live in the Soil! Grazing Animals Depend

More information

BE WATER WISE. Managing Your Onlot Stormwater. Sept. 23, 2006 Watershed Weekend

BE WATER WISE. Managing Your Onlot Stormwater. Sept. 23, 2006 Watershed Weekend BE WATER WISE Managing Your Onlot Stormwater Sept. 23, 2006 Watershed Weekend 2006 1 All water resources are interrelated through the Hydrologic Cycle Sept. 23, 2006 Watershed Weekend 2006 2 What is Storm

More information

Contents. Section 1: The Structure of the Atmosphere. Section 2: Natural Cycles. Section 3: Air Pollution

Contents. Section 1: The Structure of the Atmosphere. Section 2: Natural Cycles. Section 3: Air Pollution Contents Section 1: The Structure of the Atmosphere 1. Gases of the Atmosphere... 3 2. Layers of the Atmosphere.... 6 3. Special Layers of the Atmosphere.... 10 4. Effects of the Atmosphere.... 13 5. Quiz

More information

Lecture 3: Soil Microclimatology

Lecture 3: Soil Microclimatology Lecture 3: Soil Microclimatology Introduction to Soils Heat Transfer Through Soils Water Transfer Through Soils What is a Soil? Soil is a complex mixture of mineral matter, organic matter and living organisms

More information

GEOL 408/508 INTRODUCTORY SOILS

GEOL 408/508 INTRODUCTORY SOILS GEOL 408/508 INTRODUCTORY SOILS Lecture = 3 hrs/week Lab = 3hrs/week Course = 4 credits Name/Define the Following 1. N 2 2. NH 3 3. NH + 4 4. NO - 2 5. NO - 3 6. protein 7. organics 8. organic matter 9.

More information

Soil Notes. General Soil Information

Soil Notes. General Soil Information Soil Notes General Soil Information Definition Soil relatively thin surface layer of the Earth s crust consisting of mineral and organic matter that is affected by agents such as weather, wind, water,

More information

Soil compaction Soil Colour

Soil compaction Soil Colour Soil compaction Soil compaction is defined as the method of mechanically increasing the density of soil. In construction, this is a significant part of the building process. If performed improperly, settlement

More information

There are many ways that the soil food web is an integral part of landscape processes. Soil organisms decompose organic compounds, including manure,

There are many ways that the soil food web is an integral part of landscape processes. Soil organisms decompose organic compounds, including manure, 1 2 3 There are many ways that the soil food web is an integral part of landscape processes. Soil organisms decompose organic compounds, including manure, plant residue, and pesticides, preventing them

More information

Objectives: Students will learn about the types and textures of soil within a soil profile.

Objectives: Students will learn about the types and textures of soil within a soil profile. Objectives: Students will learn about the types and textures of soil within a soil profile. Materials: Soil profile pictures with description (mounted with Velcro) Soil profile poster board Soil Word Scramble

More information

In 1983, the town evacuated and purchased by government for $36 million

In 1983, the town evacuated and purchased by government for $36 million 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Introduction to Environmental Geology, 5e Chapter 17 Soil and Environment Weathering: summary in haiku form Rocks brought to surface decompose to sediment and that's weathering. Case

More information

UNIT 1 SUSTAINING ECOSYSTEMS

UNIT 1 SUSTAINING ECOSYSTEMS UNIT 1 SUSTAINING ECOSYSTEMS Chapter 3 Sustaining Terrestrial Ecosystems Science 1206 / 2200 Sustainable Systems One that survives and functions over time In human terms One that meets the needs of present

More information

Soil Quality / Understanding Soil Health what are we missing?

Soil Quality / Understanding Soil Health what are we missing? Soil Quality / Understanding Soil Health what are we missing? Soil Quality Test Kit Clarence Chavez Soil Scientist The USDA is an Equal Opportunity Provider and Employer Soils are not machines: It s an

More information

Unit 2: The Earth. Book: Chapter Barron: Chapter 1 Test: October 17/18

Unit 2: The Earth. Book: Chapter Barron: Chapter 1 Test: October 17/18 Unit 2: The Earth Book: Chapter 14.1-2 Barron: Chapter 1 Test: October 17/18 Soil - Important because it s a mixture of biological and geological components - It s a medium for plant growth - Filters water

More information

SOIL SCIENCE 101. By Dawn Pettinelli UConn Soil Nutrient Analysis Lab CT Envirothon Training, 2015

SOIL SCIENCE 101. By Dawn Pettinelli UConn Soil Nutrient Analysis Lab CT Envirothon Training, 2015 SOIL SCIENCE 101 By Dawn Pettinelli UConn Soil Nutrient Analysis Lab CT Envirothon Training, 2015 dawn.pettinelli@uconn.edu Soil is the collection of natural bodies in the earth s surface, in places modified

More information

The relationship between soil (growing

The relationship between soil (growing 4 Plant, Soil and Water Relationships The relationship between soil (growing media), air, and water is one of the least understood aspects in production and maintenance of plants. As a result, a significant

More information

Iowa FFA Soil Career Development Event 2008

Iowa FFA Soil Career Development Event 2008 Iowa FFA Soil Career Development Event 2008 1. In Iowa, corn suitability ratings for soil mapping units specifies a. natural weather conditions b. surface and subsurface drainage installed where needed

More information

Rebecca Rebecca Wolf and Nguyen Le Le. Interstate Commission the Potomac River Basin

Rebecca Rebecca Wolf and Nguyen Le Le. Interstate Commission the Potomac River Basin High School, Updated 6/2017 Rebecca Rebecca Wolf and Nguyen Le Le Interstate Commission on the Potomac River Basin Interstate Commission the Potomac River Basin Soil: The Foundation For a Plant s Success

More information

Why do soils differ across the landscape?

Why do soils differ across the landscape? Today s Objectives: Elements of soil formation Describe important soil physical & chemical properties Describe the ability to use and interpret soil survey information (printed and digital) List some site

More information

Factoids on SC soils. Soils. What is Soil? Variability of soils in your yard. Soil Components. Soil Tilth 6/23/14

Factoids on SC soils. Soils. What is Soil? Variability of soils in your yard. Soil Components. Soil Tilth 6/23/14 Factoids on SC soils Soils Managing Soils Over 100 different soil types Soil type covering largest areas 7.0% Ben Lomond Complex 50-70% slope 5.6% Lompoc Felton Complex 50-75% slope 5.8% Lompoc Felton

More information

Bell Ringer. d) Erosion e) Decomposition of organic compounds

Bell Ringer. d) Erosion e) Decomposition of organic compounds Bell Ringer 1) A rock exposed to high winds, over a long period of time, loses half of its original size. This is an example of a) Physical weathering b) Chemical weathering c) Biological weathering d)

More information

Soil Formation. 6.E.2.3 Explain how the formation of soil is related to the parent rock type and the environment in which it develops.

Soil Formation. 6.E.2.3 Explain how the formation of soil is related to the parent rock type and the environment in which it develops. Soil Formation 6.E.2.3 Explain how the formation of soil is related to the parent rock type and the environment in which it develops. What is soil? A loose mixture of weathered rock, organic material,

More information

SOIL STRUCTURE-ORGANIC MATTER-SOIL MICRO ORGANISMS

SOIL STRUCTURE-ORGANIC MATTER-SOIL MICRO ORGANISMS 5 SOIL STRUCTURE-ORGANIC MATTER-SOIL MICRO ORGANISMS Background Objective The texture and structure of the soil influence the dimensions of the open spaces in the soil. The texture refers to the proportions

More information

Effects of Erosion. Grades 6-8

Effects of Erosion. Grades 6-8 Effects of Erosion Grades 6-8 This activity was designed as a companion for the song Don t Treat Mother Earth Like Dirt. Background The song Don t Treat Mother Earth Like Dirt is all about respecting and

More information

Determining the Nature of Soil

Determining the Nature of Soil Lesson C6 1 Determining the Nature of Soil Unit C. Plant and Soil Science Problem Area 6. Basic Principles of Soil Science Lesson 1. Determining the Nature of Soil New Mexico Content Standard: Pathway

More information

Great Soil-Great Gardens I Basic Soil Science Brad Park, Rutgers University Materials developed by: Karen A. Plumley, Ph.D.

Great Soil-Great Gardens I Basic Soil Science Brad Park, Rutgers University Materials developed by: Karen A. Plumley, Ph.D. Great Soil-Great Gardens I Basic Soil Science Brad Park, Rutgers University Materials developed by: Karen A. Plumley, Ph.D. Research Director, Alliance for Low Input Sustainable Turf Soils Instructor,

More information

Soil CLASS. VII Soil Soil is an inseparable part of our life. Explain Humus Weathering The nature of soil: Soil Profile Horizons.

Soil CLASS. VII Soil Soil is an inseparable part of our life. Explain Humus Weathering The nature of soil: Soil Profile Horizons. Soil CLASS. VII Soil : The mixture of soil particles with humus is called soil. Soil is an inseparable part of our life. Explain 1. Soil is one of the most important natural resources. 2. It supports the

More information

List of Equipment, Tools, Supplies, and Facilities:

List of Equipment, Tools, Supplies, and Facilities: Unit A: Principles of Soil Lesson 4: Formation of Soil Student Learning Objectives: Instruction in this lesson should result in the students achieving the following objectives: 1. Identify 5 factors involved

More information

Basic Soil Science. Fundamentals of Nutrient Management. Melissa L. Wilson

Basic Soil Science. Fundamentals of Nutrient Management. Melissa L. Wilson Basic Soil Science Fundamentals of Nutrient Management Melissa L. Wilson Department of Environmental Science & Technology Ag Nutrient Management Program University of Maryland, College Park Photo credit:

More information

SUSTAINING ECOSYSTEMS

SUSTAINING ECOSYSTEMS UNIT 1 SUSTAINING ECOSYSTEMS Chapter 3 Sustaining i Terrestrial Ecosystems Science 1206 / 2200 Sustainable Systems One that survives and Short Activity: functions over time In human terms One that meets

More information

COMPOST A USER'S GUIDE TO. The Beauty of Your Lawn & Garden Blossoms from the Soil

COMPOST A USER'S GUIDE TO. The Beauty of Your Lawn & Garden Blossoms from the Soil A USER'S GUIDE TO COMPOST The Beauty of Your Lawn & Garden Blossoms from the Soil Revised 2009 Compost adds organic material and nutrients to the soil, increases water-holding capacity and biological activity,

More information

Soil testing Page 1. Contrary to what is widely believed, the colour of the soil reveals very little about its fertility.

Soil testing Page 1. Contrary to what is widely believed, the colour of the soil reveals very little about its fertility. Soil testing Page 1 Soil The Basics Soil is the uppermost surface of the earth, which has been slowly transformed by decomposition due to the effects of weather, vegetation and human activities. The parent

More information

NDSU. Soil Organic Matter and its Benefits

NDSU. Soil Organic Matter and its Benefits Soil Organic Matter and its Benefits Composition: Soil organic matter is a very important part of the composition of a healthy soil. It is the decomposition product of different types of organic materials.

More information

3. The study of how living organisms, such as deer, exist in their natural environment is: NCCTE.9_12.AE.AN51.EN16.01 RBT:

3. The study of how living organisms, such as deer, exist in their natural environment is: NCCTE.9_12.AE.AN51.EN16.01 RBT: Student Name: Teacher: Date: District: Granville Assessment: 9_12 Agriculture AN51 - Env and Ntrl Res I Test 1 Description: Elements Review Part 3 Form: 501 1. The natural replacement of pine trees by

More information

Soil. More to Learn. More to Learn

Soil. More to Learn. More to Learn More to Learn More to Learn Soil In Learning Set 3 of Digging In, you spent a lot of time working with soil. You read how weathering is a natural process. It breaks down rock into smaller pieces. Weathering

More information

Soil characteristics that influence nitrogen and water management

Soil characteristics that influence nitrogen and water management Section C Soil characteristics that influence nitrogen and water management Soil characteristics vary across the landscape Soils vary from one field to another, and often within the same field. Soil differences

More information

Soils and Water in Your Landscape. Mary Hattendorf Northern Water Spring Fair 2016

Soils and Water in Your Landscape. Mary Hattendorf Northern Water Spring Fair 2016 Soils and Water in Your Landscape Mary Hattendorf Northern Water Spring Fair 2016 What is Soil? Hint: It s not dirt Soils are complex mixtures minerals, water, air, organic matter, and countless organisms

More information

Chapter 37. Plant Nutrition. AP Biology

Chapter 37. Plant Nutrition. AP Biology Chapter 37. Plant Nutrition Nutritional needs Autotrophic does not mean autonomous plants need sun as an energy source inorganic compounds as raw materials water (H 2 O) CO 2 minerals Macronutrients Plants

More information

Soil aggregates-significance-soil consistency-soil crusting

Soil aggregates-significance-soil consistency-soil crusting Soil aggregates-significance-soil consistency-soil crusting Soil aggregates Soil aggregates are clumps of soil particles that are held together by moist clay, organic matter (such as roots), by organic

More information

Improving Soil Structure & Case Studies. Eric Berntsen State Water Resources Control Board

Improving Soil Structure & Case Studies. Eric Berntsen State Water Resources Control Board Improving Soil Structure & Case Studies Eric Berntsen State Water Resources Control Board SEVEN PRINCIPLES of River-Friendly LANDSCAPING 1. Landscape Locally 2. Landscape for Less to the Landfill 3. Nurture

More information

IOWA FFA STATE SOILS CDE SATURDAY, OCTOBER 13, 2007 AMES, IOWA

IOWA FFA STATE SOILS CDE SATURDAY, OCTOBER 13, 2007 AMES, IOWA IOWA FFA STATE SOILS CDE SATURDAY, OCTOBER 13, 2007 AMES, IOWA 1. Moderately sloping has what percent slope: a. 9-14% b. 2-5% c. 5-9% d. over 14% 2. Which of the following horizons is the loose underlying

More information

Soil Ag Mag - Vocabulary - Matching

Soil Ag Mag - Vocabulary - Matching Name Today s ate Soil g Mag - Vocabulary - Matching irections: Match the word with the correct definition. 1. lay Soil 2. Erosion 3. Humus 4. Nutrients 5. Parent Material 6. Sandy Soil 7. Silt 8. Subsoil

More information

Land, then, is not merely soil; it is a fountain of energy flowing through a circuit of soils, plants, and animals.

Land, then, is not merely soil; it is a fountain of energy flowing through a circuit of soils, plants, and animals. Soil Science Land, then, is not merely soil; it is a fountain of energy flowing through a circuit of soils, plants, and animals. - Aldo Leopold, A Sand County Almanac, 1949 The Rock Cycle IGNEOUS ROCK

More information

Rain Gardens. A Welcome Addition to Your Landscape

Rain Gardens. A Welcome Addition to Your Landscape Rain Gardens A Welcome Addition to Your Landscape Where Does The Rainwater Go? Naturally, forests provide a way for rainwater to percolate into the soil, filtering pollutants while trees are allowed to

More information

7/17/ :06 AM Forest Soil

7/17/ :06 AM Forest Soil Forest Soil The dynamic interaction between vegetation and soil is so strong that it's unclear which is dominant. Soil helps secure and renew the forest; forests help secure and renew the soil. The forest

More information

THE INVESTIGATION BEGINS!

THE INVESTIGATION BEGINS! THE INVESTIGATION BEGINS! Each team will create 4 water and soil mixtures. The water in the mixtures will dissolve the chemicals responsible for the ph of the soil. A farmer needs good land to successfully

More information

2014 Envirothon Georgia Soil Study Guide

2014 Envirothon Georgia Soil Study Guide 2014 Envirothon Georgia Soil Study Guide In addition to materials in this document, 2014 Georgia Envirothon contestants are responsible for materials found in the following documents: From The Surface

More information

Water Movement in Soils

Water Movement in Soils Water Movement in Soils by DR. WALTER H. GARDNER Professor Emeritus, Washington State University A LIQUID or vapor, water is nearly always moving in the soil. ~ It moves downward after rain or irrigation.

More information

Soils Soil is one of the world's most important natural resources. Together with air and water it is the basis for life on planet earth. Most of our food depends on soil - it is where we find the plants

More information

School. Today s Children Tomorrow s Leaders

School. Today s Children Tomorrow s Leaders in AG theclassroom W A S H I N G T O N Ag @ School Volume 10, Issue 3 2010/2011 Published by Washington Agriculture in the Classroom Give A Cheer For SOIL! The entire earth every ecosystem, every living

More information

Science In Action 7 Plants for Food and Fibre Unit Test

Science In Action 7 Plants for Food and Fibre Unit Test Student Name Class Section 1 Plant structures and Life Processes 1. The largest group of plants in the world is seed plants. The structure in seed plants that function to produce food for the plant is

More information

SOIL SCIENCE 101 FUNCTIONS OF SOIL SOIL FORMATION

SOIL SCIENCE 101 FUNCTIONS OF SOIL SOIL FORMATION SOIL SCIENCE 101 By Dawn Pettinelli UConn Soil Nutrient Analysis Lab CT Envirothon Training, 2014 dawn.pettinelli@uconn.edu FIVE CRUCIAL ECOLOGICAL ROLES OF SOILS FUNCTIONS OF SOIL Regulate water flow

More information

2018 Iowa FFA Soil Judging CDE Exam 1. Landscape positions characterizes the location of the soil on the landscape and identifies potential risks.

2018 Iowa FFA Soil Judging CDE Exam 1. Landscape positions characterizes the location of the soil on the landscape and identifies potential risks. 2018 Iowa FFA Soil Judging CDE Exam 1. Landscape positions characterizes the location of the soil on the landscape and identifies potential risks. Which landscape position is considered the floodplain

More information

Ecosystem- the network of relationships among plants, animals and the non-living constituents in an environment.

Ecosystem- the network of relationships among plants, animals and the non-living constituents in an environment. Unit 3: Ecosystems Outcome 3.1: Define Ecosystem: Ecosystem- the network of relationships among plants, animals and the non-living constituents in an environment. View figure 6.3 on page 94 of your text

More information

Soil. Lesson at a Glance

Soil. Lesson at a Glance -- Soil Lesson at a Glance Soil: Soil is the substance which makes up the surface of the earth. t holds inorganic and organic substances and dead parts of plants and animals. Many living bacteria, algae,

More information