EFFECT OF INDOLEBUTYRIC ACID (IBA) AND PLANTING TIMES ON THE GROWTH AND ROOTING OF PEACH CUTTINGS

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1 Sarhad J. Agric. Vol. 23, No. 3, 2007 EFFECT OF INDOLEBUTYRIC ACID (IBA) AND PLANTING TIMES ON THE GROWTH AND ROOTING OF PEACH CUTTINGS Muhammad Parvez *, Muhammad Zubair *, Mir Saleem **, Kashif Wali * and Mohabat Shah * ABSTRACT An experiment "Effect of Indolebutyric acid (IBA) and planting times on the growth and rooting of peach cuttings" was carried out at the Agricultural Research Institute (ARI), Tarnab, Peshawar during Peach cuttings were planted on 10th January, 10th February, 10th March and were treated with 0, 500, 1000, 1500 and 2000 IBA. Among the planting time 10th January proved to be superior regarding number of branches plant -1 (5.68), shoot length (30.31 cm), number of roots plant -1 (13.00), root length (13.37 cm), root weight (9.35 g) and plant survival (54.28%). IBA concentrations increased the growth parameters irrespective of planting time. Planting time x IBA levels interaction showed that maximum number of branches plant - 1 (8.55), number of roots plant -1 (23.00), root length (19.62 cm), root weight (13.25 g), and plant survival (85.71%) were observed in cuttings treated with 2000 IBA, planted on 10th January. INTRODUCTION Peach (Prunus persica L.) is commonly used as a rootstock for peach, plum, apricot, almond and nectarine in Peshawar (NWFP). Peach rootstock has quick growth as compare to other stone fruit plants and it is compatible to almost all the stone fruits. The bud union is strong and long lived. Peach rootstock can influence tree size, productivity, cold hardiness, and tree longevity (Mahmood, 1994). According to Agricultural Statistics of Pakistan ( ) stone fruits occupied hectares of land in Pakistan and producing tons of fruits, while in NWFP it covers an area of hectares and producing tones of fruits. According to Muhammad (1998) rootstock to be utilized in modern plantations must have the following characteristics. The rootstock should be well vigorous free from insect, diseases, resistant to soil pathogens, tolerant to adverse soil conditions such as flooding, salinity or alkalinity and resistant to cold hardiness. Stone fruit such as peach, plum, apricot, almond and nectarine are propagated through graftage. The rootstock which is used for aforementioned stone fruits is propagated through seeds. Seeds are sown in November. The seedling are grafted or budded when these are of pencil size thickness. Propagation of stone fruit through seeds has low germination due to its hard covers and immature embryo. The seedling rootstocks are not true to type. It takes a long time to germinate. Secondly peach stone are not only expensive but not available in the market on commercial basis. To overcome this problem, the current study was conducted at the experimental field of Agricultural Research Institute (ARI), Tarnab, Peshawar during January, 2005 with objective to investigate the rooting response of hard wood cuttings of peach to IBA concentrations and to different planting times. MATERIALS AND METHODS The research study "Effect of Indolebutyric acid (IBA) and planting times on the growth and rooting of peach cuttings" was conducted at the experimental field of Agricultural Research Institute (ARI), Tarnab, Peshawar during The cuttings were taken from base (hard wood) of one year old shoots peach cv. Peshawar local. The cuttings were dipped for five min. in each concentration of IBA solution and were planted in sand + clay medium in flats beds and were covered with plastic sheet. The experiment was laid down in Randomize Complete Block Design (RCBD) with 2 factors split plot arrangement. The planting times were taken in main plots, while IBA concentrations were applied as sub plots. There were three planting times i.e. 10th January, 10th February and 10th March and 5 levels of IBA concentrations i.e. 0, 500, 1000, 1500 and 2000 IBA. There were 15 treatments, each treatment consisted of 10 cuttings. The experiment was replicated three times and hence the experiment consisted of 450 cuttings. The parameters studied during the course of the experiment were: number of branches plant -1, shoot length (cm), number of roots plant -1, root length (cm), root weight (g) and plant survival percentage. * ** Department of Horticulture, NWFP Agricultural University Peshawar - Pakistan Agriculture Research Institute, Tarnab, Peshawar - Pakistan

2 Effect of Indole Butyric Acid (IBA) and planting time 588 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION It is important to discuss briefly the prevailing humidity and temperature before interpreting and discussing the actual results. The maximum humidity remained almost the same but there was a greater variation in minimum relative humidity. However, both maximum and minimum air temperature were increasing with the passage of time during the experiment and reached maximum at 46 0 C a month before the end of the experiment (Fig.1 and Fig.2). Number of branches plant -1 Table I revealed that maximum number of branches plant -1 (5.68) were recorded in plants planted on 10th January, while minimum number of branches plant -1 (3.56) were observed in plants planted on 10th March. IBA concentrations showed that number of branches increased with increasing level of IBA. Maximum number of branches plant -1 (6.78) was averaged across time cuttings treated with 2000 mgl - 1 IBA and minimum number of branches (1.62) were recorded in control. As evident from Table 1, as IBA concentration increased from 0 to 2000 significantly (P 0.01) number of branches also increased. Regardless of planting time, Maximum number of branches (8.55) were noted in cuttings planted on 10th January, treated with 2000 IBA, while minimum number of branches (1.30) were noted in plants planted on 10th March in control. This can be attributed to the fact that 2000 IBA enabled the cuttings to develop stronger, healthy and more roots, so more absorption of nutrient. The planting date 10th January provided an opportunity to the plant to absorb these nutrient for longer time and prepare more photosynthates. This more food enabled the plants to develop more branches and perform better than the rest of the treatments and dates. Shoot length (cm) Table II shows that maximum shoot length (30.31 cm) was observed in plants planted on 10th January, whereas minimum shoot length (16.27 cm) was observed in plants planted on 10th March. Since the plants were uprooted on the same day, cutting planted earlier had longer life period for growth and development. This longer life period enabled the plants to utilize the resources for longer period as a result shoot length was increased. Maximum shoot length (30.94 cm) was recorded in cuttings treated with 2000 IBA, while minimum shoot length (13.33 cm) was observed in control when averaged across planting time. The best performance was noted in cuttings treated with 2000 mgl -1. As IBA is growth promoter, it increases cell division which result in early rooting leading to efficient absorption and hence maximum shoot length. These results are in agreement with Noor et al. (1995), who reported that cuttings of apple rootstock M-26 and M-27 treated with IBA at 3000 increased shoot length. Number of roots plant -1 The interaction of different planting times and IBA concentrations indicated that maximum number of roots (23.00) was noticed in plants planted on 10th January treated with 2000 IBA, while minimum number of roots (2.33) was observed in plants planted on 10th March in control. Maximum number of roots might be due to the fact that these plants took long time and favourable climatic condition like humidity and temperature as compared to other planting dates. IBA concentrations also increase cell walls elasticity and thus accelerated cell division which lead to the production of more number of roots. These results are in agreement with Bal et al. (2000) who reported that plum cuttings treated with IBA at 3000 gave best rooting when taken on 15th January. Root length (cm) It is evident from Table IV that the interaction of planting times and IBA indicated that maximum root length (19.62 cm) was observed in plants planted on 10th January treated with 2000 IBA, which was higher than 10th February and higher than 10th March, while minimum root length (3.25 cm) was observed in plants planted on 10th March in control. The possible reason for maximum roots length might be due to the fact that roots of a longer period will grow longer as compared to shorter period. For IBA concentrations, 2000 mgl -1 IBA promoted early rooting, quick cell division as compared to other concentrations and hence lengthy roots. These results are in agreement with Panwar et al. (1999) who reported that IBA at 2000 increased root length in Bougainvillea cuttings. Root weight (g) data in Table V indicated that the interaction showed that maximum root weight (13.25 g) was observed in plants planted on 10th January treated with 2000 mgl -1 IBA, while minimum root weight (3.25 g) was observed in plants planted on 10th March in control. Maximum root weight might be due to the fact that in these plants produced longer and more number of roots on 10th January in 2000 IBA on this concentration. Plant survival percentage

3 Sarhad J. Agric. Vol. 23, No. 3, Interaction showed that maximum plant survival (85.71%) was recorded in plants planted on 10th January treated with 2000 IBA, whereas minimum plant survival (14.28%) was recorded in plants planted on 10th March treated with 500 IBA and 10th January, 10th February and 10th March in control. Cuttings planted on 10th January developed and established their roots prior to leaves development and leaf expansion which results in maximum survival percentage on 10th January as compared to 10th March. Similarly 2000 IBA results in quick root establishment which reduce the chance of death due to wilting by transpiration and hence more plant survival was recorded in 10th January. These results are in agreement with Reighart et al. (1990) who recommended that peach cuttings treated with IBA at 2000 increased survival percentage of the cuttings. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS It is concluded that planting time 10th January gave maximum survival percentage as compared to other times, while 2000 IBA concentration produced significant results in all the parameters which have been studied during the experiment. On the basis of above conclusion, it is recommended that planting time 10th January and 2000 IBA is suitable for peach cuttings, under the agro-climatic conditions of Peshawar. However, one year research is not enough to produce much substantial results on the basis of which one can make more solid recommendation, therefore, further research is suggested. Percentage Temperature in celsius Fig 1. Daily relative humidity Fig2. Daily air temperature air temp Max air temp Min Months Max Min Table I. Effect of IBA concentrations and planting times on number of branches plant -1 of peach cuttings I 1.55 IJ 1.30 J 1.62 E F 3.85 G 3.00 H 3.78 D D 4.90 EF 3.85 G 4.87 C B 5.70 D 4.37 FG 5.87 B A 6.50 C 5.30 DE 6.78 A 5.68 A 4.50 B 3.56 C LSD value at P 0.01 for time = LSD value at P 0.01 for = LSD value at P 0.01 for interaction = s value of the same category followed by different letters are significant at P 0.01 level.

4 Effect of Indole Butyric Acid (IBA) and planting time 590 Table II. Effect of IBA concentrations and planting times on shoot length (cm) of peach cuttings D BC C B A A B B LSD value at P 0.01 for time = LSD value at P 0.01 for = s value of the same category followed by different letters are significant at P 0.01 level. Table III. Effect of IBA concentrations and planting times on number of roots plant -1 of peach cuttings F-I 3.33 HI 2.33 I 3.88 D DEF 8.33 D-G 5.66 GHI 7.88 C CD 9.66 DEF 6.33 E-H 9.33 BC B D 5.66 GHI B A BC DE A A 9.46 B 6.00 C LSD value at P 0.01 for time = LSD value at P 0.01 for = LSD value at P 0.01 for interaction= s value of the same category followed by different letters are significant at P 0.01 level.

5 Sarhad J. Agric. Vol. 23, No. 3, Table IV. Effect of IBA concentrations and planting times on root length (cm) of peach cuttings H 4.57 I 3.25 J 4.57 E E 9.20 F 6.25 H 8.72 D CD E 7.45 G C B D 8.50 FE B A C E A A B 7.34 C LSD value at P 0.01 for time = LSD value at P 0.01 for = LSD value at P 0.01 for interaction = s value of the same category followed by different letters are significant at P 0.01 level. Table V. Effect of IBA concentrations and planting times on root weight (g) of peach cuttings F 3.70 FG 3.25 G 3.81 E D 5.80 E 4.50 F 6.02 D C 7.50 D 5.55 E 7.58 C B 9.85 C 7.50 D 9.65 B A B 9.25 C A 9.35 A 7.50 B 6.02 C LSD value at P 0.01 for time = LSD value at P 0.01 for = LSD value at P 0.01 for interaction = s value of the same category followed by different letters are significant at P 0.01 level.

6 Effect of Indole Butyric Acid (IBA) and planting time 592 Table VI. Effect of IBA concentrations and planting times on plant survival percentage of peach cuttings F F F E D E F D C D E C B C D B A B C A A B C LSD value at P 0.01 for time = LSD value at P 0.01 for = LSD value at P 0.01 for interaction = s value of the same category followed by different letters are significant at P 0.01 level. REFERENCES Bal, J.S., S.S. Sandhawalia, M. Herregods, P. Boxus, W. Baets, and A. Jager Studies on propagation of subtropical plum. Proceed. of the XXV Int l Hort. Cong. Part 7. Quality of Horticultural Products: Brussels, Belgium. Acta Hort. 517: Mahmood, N.M Horticulture; Establishment of gardens. National Book Foundation, Islamabad. 301p. Mahmood, N.M Horticulture; Fruit crops. National Book Foundation, Islamabad. 477p. MINFAL Government of Pakistan, Ministry of Food, Agric. and Livestock, Econ. Wing, Islamabad. Muhammad, S Plant propagation its art and science; Budding. Deptt. of Hort. NWFP Agric. Univ. Peshawar. pp Noor, B.S., N. Rahman, and M. Zubair Effect of Indolebutyric acid (IBA) on the cutting of M-26 and M-27 apple rootstock. Sarhad J. Agric. 11(4): Panwar, R.D., A.K. Gupta, R.Yamdagni, and R.S. Saini Effect of growth regulators on the rooting of cuttings of Bougainvillea cv. Thimma. Haryana Agric. Univ. J. and Res. 29(1-2):