Science Grade : 9 Term-3/Final Exam Revision Sheet

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1 Science Grade : 9 Term-3/Final Exam Revision Sheet Exam Date:Sunday 3/6/2018 CCS:ES.1c,1d,1e,1g,1k Chapter(10): Weathering and soil formation Sections:2,3,4 Textbook pages 284 to 297

2 Chapter(10):Weathering and soil formation. Section(2):Rates of weathering *Write the letter of the correct answer in the space provided: 1. A process by which softer, less weather-resistant rocks wear away and leave harder, more weather-resistant rocks behind is called a. differential weathering. b. mechanical weathering. c. chemical weathering. d. ice wedging. 2. Small rocks weather more quickly than large rocks because their surface area is a. thinner. b. larger. c. smaller. d. thicker. 3. The average weather condition in an area over a long period of time is called a. temperature. b. climate. c. weather. d. humidity. 4. Chemical weathering is most rapid in areas that are a. hot and dry. b. warm and wet. c. cold and dry. d. cool and wet. 5. Which rocks are exposed to more wind, rain, and ice? a. rocks at a lower elevation b. rocks at a higher elevation c. rocks in streams d. rocks in a warm, humid climate 6. If you increase the surface area of a rock, how will it affect the rate at which it weathers? a. It will weather more quickly. b. It will have no effect because surface area is not a factor in weathering. c. It will weather more slowly. d. It will have no effect because a rock does not have a surface area.

3 *Write the word that best completes each sentence: 1. The average weather condition in an area over a long period of time is called 2. Chemical weathering such as oxidation occurs more quickly in a climate that is and *Answer the following questions: 1. How does gravity contribute to the weathering of steep mountain slopes? 2. What three factors determine the rate at which rock weathers? 3. How does surface area affect the rate of weathering? 4. How does climate affect the rate of weathering? 5-Does the rate of chemical weathering increase or stay the same when a rock becomes more mechanically weathered? Why?

4 Section(3):From bedrock to soil *Write the letter of the correct answer in the space provided: 1. Soil quality based on the relative size of soil particles is called a. residual soil. c. soil texture b. soil structure. d. soil particles. 2. What is the arrangement of soil particles called? a. soil structure c. soil particles b. soil texture d. infiltration 3. What is the organic material formed in soil from the decayed remains of plants and animals called? a. bedrock c. residual soil b. parent rock d. humus 4. The removal from soil of substances that can be dissolved in water is called a. leaching. c. horizons. b. infiltration. d. transporting. 5. Soil that has a ph of 9 would be considered a. acidic. c. neutral. b. basic. d. abrasive. 6. Which climate has the most productive soil for raising crops? a. tropical rain forest b. desert c. temperate forest and grassland d. arctic 7.The decayed plant and animal material in soil is called a. humus. c. horizon. b. ventifacts. d. subsoil. 8. The term for the arrangement of soil particles is a. soil texture. b. soil quality. c. soil structure. d. soil fertility. 9. The proportion of different-sized particles in soil determines the soil s a. texture. c. structure. b. fertility. d. horizon.

5 *Write the word that best completes each sentence: 1. The organic material formed in soil from the decayed remains of plants and animals is called. 2. Because of the way soil forms, soil often ends up in a series of horizontal layers called. 3. The top layer of soil, often called, usually contains more humus than the layers below it. 4. The removal of substances that can be dissolved from rock and soil due to water passing through is called. 5. Lush plant growth takes large amounts of nutrients from the soil in which climate? 6. When dead plants decay quickly in warm soil, they produce rich. 7. Tropical soils are generally poor and thin due to. 8. Toxic levels of salt are sometimes found in the soil in which climate? 9. The most productive soil in the world can be found in which climate?. *Answer the following questions: 1. How does soil temperature influence arctic soil? 2. If a soil sample is 60% sand particles and has 30 million particles of soil, how many of those soil particles are sand? Show your work below.

6 Section(4):Soil conservation *Write the letter of the correct answer in the space provided: 1. What is it called when you plow across the slope of hills? a. crop rotation c. terracing b. no-till farming d. contour plowing 2. The process of changing one steep field into a series of smaller, flatter fields is called a. terracing. c. crop rotation. b. contour plowing. d. cover crops. 3. The practice of leaving old stalks to provide cover from rain in order to reduce water runoff and soil erosion is called a. terracing. c. contour plowing. b. no-till farming. d. cover crops. 4. What is it called when a farmer plants different crops in order to use less nutrients or different nutrients from the soil? a. terracing c. crop rotation b. cover crops d. contour plowing 5. Which soil conservation technique did George Washington Carver urge farmers to use? a. crop rotation c. cover crops b. contour plowing d. no-till farming 6. Which of the following is NOT a benefit provided by soil? a. provides minerals and nutrients for plants b. allows for water storage for plants c. provides a habitat for animals d. can be blown or washed away from its parent rock 7. Which soil conservation technique prevents erosion on steep hills by heavy rains? a. contour plowing b. terracing c. no-till farming d. cover crop 8. Which soil conservation technique helps restore nutrients to the soil? a. contour plowing b. terracing c. no-till farming d. cover crop

7 9. Which soil conservation technique helps prevent erosion of sloping hills by heavy rains? a. contour plowing c. no-till farming b. terracing d. cover crop 10. Which soil conservation technique prevents erosion by providing cover that reduces water runoff? a. contour plowing c. no-till farming b. terracing d. cover crop *Write the word that best completes each sentence: 1. Maintaining the fertility of soil by preventing erosion and nutrient loss is called. 2. Soil provides nutrients and moisture to, which grow directly in it. 3. Even animals that eat plants benefit when is rich in nutrients. 4. The region where a plant or animal lives is called its. 5. Soil s ability to allows plants to get the moisture they need. 6. Soil can be damaged and lose its by overuse or overgrazing. 7. Without plants to help hold and cycle water, an infertile area can become like a desert, a process called. 8. The process by which wind, water, or gravity transport soil and sediment from one location to another is called. 9.Crops that are planted between harvests to replace certain nutrients and prevent erosion are called. 10. The practice of planting different crops each year to slow down nutrient depletion is called.

8 *Answer the following questions: 1.How does crop rotation slow down nutrient depletion? 2. Name three methods by which farmers can help prevent erosion. 3. What are three important benefits that soil provides? 4. How does crop rotation benefit soil? 5. List five methods of soil conservation, and describe how each helps prevent the loss of soil. 6. Why do land animals, even meat eaters, depend on soil to survive?

3 From Bedrock to Soil

CHAPTER 10 3 From Bedrock to Soil SECTION Weathering and Soil Formation BEFORE YOU READ After you read this section, you should be able to answer these questions: What is soil? How do the features of soil