Effect of pre soaking of bulbs in plant growth regulators on flowering and vase life of tuberose (Polianthes tuberosa Linn.)

Transcription

1 2018; 6(1): P-ISSN: E-ISSN: IJCS 2018; 6(1): IJCS Received: Accepted: Giteshwari Kurve Vidhya Shankar M Anuj Kumar OP Singh Correspondence Giteshwari kurve Effect of pre soaking of bulbs in plant growth regulators on flowering and vase life of tuberose (Polianthes tuberosa Linn.) Giteshwari Kurve, Vidhya Shankar M, Anuj Kumar and OP Singh Abstract The field experiment entitled Effect of pre soaking of bulbs in plant growth regulators on flowering and vase life of tuberose (Polianthes tuberosa Linn.) was conducted during at the Department of Floriculture and Landscape Architecture, College of Horticulture, Mandsaur, RVSKVV, (M.P.). Bulbs of tuberose cultivar Shringar were treated with four concentrations each of GA3 (50 ppm,100 ppm, 150 ppm, 200 ppm), NAA ( 50 ppm, 75 ppm, 100 ppm, 125 ppm) and control (Distilled Water) for 24 hours before planting after removal of scales. The observations were recorded for flowering, and vase life. Among the PGRs treatments, (GA3 200 ppm) was found to be effective for flowering parameters like days to first spike emergence, days to 50% flowering, number of spikes per plant, length of spike, number of florets per spike, length of floret, diameter of floret and flower duration and also GA3 200 ppm recorded the longest vase life of cut spike (days) and the maximum (g) of cut spike at harvest. Keywords: PGRs, tuberose, flowering and vase life Introduction Tuberose (Polianthes tuberosa Linn.) commonly known as Rajnigandha is a bulbous summer flowering perennial ornamental plant. It is a multipurpose flower which is used for artistic garlands, floral ornaments, bouquets and buttonholes. The long flower spikes are excellent as a cut flower for table decoration when arranged in vases. It is commercially cultivated for cut and loose flower trade, and also for extraction of it s highly valued natural flower oil which is used in high value perfumes and cosmetic products. The concrete yield from fresh flower is 0.08 to 0.11 percent, of which 18 to 23 percent constitute alcohol soluble absolute. Tuberose is a half hardy, bulbous perennial, perpetuating itself through the bulblets. Bulbs are made up of scales and leaf bases and the stem is a condensed structure which remains concealed within scales. Numerous lanceolate leaves are green, narrow, linear, long and arise in rosette. The flowers have a funnel shaped perianth, waxy white about 25 mm long, single or double and borne in spike. Single varieties are more fragrant than Double type. The terminal flower spikes arising from the bulb, produces flowers for a number of days. Plant growth regulators play a vital role in overall performance including flowering and bulb production (Biswas et al., 1983) [2]. The control over flowering time and floral characteristics according to the demand of market has been achieved in many cut flowers by adopting modern production techniques including the use of plant growth regulators (PGRs). Plant growth regulators are known to co-ordinate and control various phases of growth and development, including flowering at optimum concentrations. It is generally accepted that exogenously applied growth substances act through the alteration in the levels of naturally occurring hormones, thus modifying the growth and development of the plant. Gibberellic acid treatments are known to play important role in promoting diverse processes throughout the development of plant. They induce early flowering, increase length or height of plant, number of leaves, chlorophyll content, yield and quality in different flowering crops. Soaking of bulbs in GA 3, ethrel, kinetin, NAA and thiourea solution before planting improve the flowering and vase life of tuberose. ~ 1485 ~

2 Materials and methods The present investigation was conducted during at the Department of Floriculture and Landscape Architecture, Mandsaur, RVSKVV, (M.P.). The experiment was conducted in Randomized block design with three replications. Tuberose cultivar Shringar was treated with four levels each of GA 3 (50 PPM, 100 PPM, 150 PPM and 200 PPM) and NAA (50 ppm, 75 ppm, 100 ppm and 125 ppm) as a corm dipping for 24 hours before planting after removal of scales. The treatment combinations are T 1 - control, T 2 GA 3 50 ppm, T 3 GA ppm, T 4 GA ppm, T 5 GA ppm, T 6 NAA 50 ppm, T 7 NAA 75 ppm, T 8 NAA100 ppm and T 9 NAA125 ppm. One healthy corm was planted at the spacing of 30 cm x 30 cm in pit at 10 cm depth and watered immediately. Standard cultural practices were followed during the entire crop period. Soil Data was recorded for various flowering and vase life parameters and statistically analyzed using the method of Analysis of Variance as described by Panse and Sukhatme (1984) [12] for Randomized Block Design at 5% level of significance. Results and discussion It is evident from the tabulated data (Table 1 and 2) that the flowering was significantly affected by different PGRs concentrations. It is clear from the Table 1 that the earliest first spike emergence was recorded with the application of GA 3 200ppm followed by GA PPM. This might be due to early flower primordial development, cell differentiation and early utilization of nutrients. GA 3 at higher concentration might have reduced the vegetative period, resulting in induction of early flower development. Likewise, GA 3 treatments at the highest concentration significantly shortened the time taken from planting to flowering in Iris sp. (Taha et al., 2012) [17]. Similar results of earliest spike emergence in tuberose with higher concentration of GA 3 has been reported by Reddy et al., 1997 [15] ; Panwar et al., 2006 [13] ; Asil et al., 2011 [1] ; Rani and Singh, 2013 [14] in tuberose. Table 1. Shows that the earliest 50% flowering was recorded with the application of GA 3 200ppm followed by GA 3 150ppm. It might be due to the early production of florigen in GA 3 treated plants, as GA 3 is a component of florigen, which is required for formation of flowers in plant system and this is in agreement with Padmapriya and Chezhiyan, (2002) [11]. GA 3 200ppm recorded maximum number of spikes per plant followed by GA ppm, while the minimum number of spikes per plant was recorded with control. This might be due to the action of GA, stimulating the conversion of storage polymers (polysaccharides, proteins and fats) into sucrose or mobile amino acids to facilitate their translocation via phloem into and throughout the young root and shoot system and thus influencing spikes production. (Ganesh et al., 2013) [4] and it may also be due to increase in cell division and cell elongation with GA 3 (Kumar and Gautam, 2011) [5], the present findings are in accordance with Narayan and Shyamal (2002) [9] in tuberose. Maximum length of spikes was recorded with the application of GA ppm. The increased spike length might be due to rapid internode elongation as a result of increased in cell division and cell elongation in intercalary meristem. Similar results were obtained by Mukhopadhyay and Banker (1983) [8], Kumar and Gautam (2011) [5] in tuberose. GA 3 200ppm recorded maximum number of florets per spike Table 2. The number of flowers per spike depends on the number of initial flower buds which varies with genotype. The favourable effect of GA 3 might be attributed to the greater amount of carbohydrate accumulation and increase in metabolic activities. Similar results were observed indicating the significant role of GA 3 in increasing the flower number (Padaganur et al., 2005; Kumar and Gautam, 2011; Wagh et al., 2012 and Singh et al., 2013) [10, 5, 18, 16] in tuberose. Maximum length of florets was recorded with the application of GA 3 200ppm Table 2 The increase in length of floret may be due to the role of these plant growth regulators in activation of enzymes important in cell elongation process. The findings are in conformity with Padaganur et al., (2005) [10] ; Devadanam et al., (2007) [3] and Singh et al., (2013) [16] in tuberose. It can be seen from the Table 2 that GA 3 200ppm recorded maximum diameter of floret. Favourable effect of application of gibberellins on floret diameter might be due to improved physiological efficiency, selective ion uptake and sufficient water uptake causing high rate of accumulate deposition. The results are in close conformity with the findings of Padaganur et al., (2005) [10] ; Devadanam et al., (2007) [3] and Singh et al., (2013) [16] in tuberose. Maximum flower duration was recorded with the application of GA 3 200ppm. Application of GA 3 pretreatment also increased the durability of flowers. Gibberellic acid application results in continuous supply of photosynthetic assimilate for longer duration due to high source strength at higher concentration. The findings are in close conformity with (Rani and Singh, 2013) [14] and (Singh et al., 2013) [16] in tuberose. It is evident from the tabulated data (Table 3 and 4) that the vase life characteristics were significantly affected by different PGR concentrations. Table 3 shows that Longest vase life of cut spike was recorded with the application of GA 3 200ppm. Vase life might be due to accumulation of more food materials in spike due to mobilization and translocation of photosynthates from increased number of leaves and leaf area in treated bulbs. Kumar and Singh (2004) [6] and Singh et al., (2013) [16] also reported similar results in tuberose. Maximum fresh weight of cut spike at harvest was recorded with the application of GA 3 200ppm Table 4 Maximum fresh weight of cut spike might be due to the fact that these spikes had more number of florets per spike with increased length and diameter. Accumulation of respirable substrates in spike due to increased mobilization and photosynthates to the spike could have resulted in higher fresh weight of cut spikes. The findings in the present investigation are in conformity with Padaganur et al., (2005) [10] in tuberose. ~ 1486 ~

3 Table 1: Effect of PGR on the number of days taken to first spike emergence, days to 50% flowering, number of spikes per plant, length of spike Treatment Days taken to first spike emergence Days to 50% flowering Number of spikes per plant Length of spike(cm) T1 - control T2 GA3 50 ppm T3 GA3 100 ppm T4 GA3 150 ppm T5 GA3 200 ppm T6 NAA 50 ppm T7 NAA 75 ppm T8 NAA100 ppm T9 NAA125 ppm S.Em.± C.D. at 5% Table 2: Effect of PGR on the number of florets per spike, length of florets, diameter of florets, flower duration Treatment Number of florets per spike Length of florets (cm) Diameter of florets (cm) Flower duration (days) T1 - control T2 GA3 50 ppm T3 GA3 100 ppm T4 GA3 150 ppm T5 GA3 200 ppm T6 NAA 50 ppm T7 NAA 75 ppm T8 NAA100 ppm T9 NAA125 ppm S.Em.± C.D. at 5% Table 3: Effect of PGR on vase life of cut spike Treatments Vase life of cut spike (days) T1 - control 7.00 T2 GA3 50 ppm 8.33 T3 GA3 100 ppm T4 GA3 150 ppm T5 GA3 200 ppm T6 NAA 50 ppm 8.00 T7 NAA 75 ppm 9.33 T8 NAA 100 ppm T9 NAA 125 ppm 9.00 S.Em.± C.D. at 5% Table 4: Effect of PGR on fresh weight (g) of cut spikes at harvest Treatments Fresh weight (g) of cut spikes at harvest T1 - control T2 GA3 50 ppm T3 GA3 100 ppm T4 GA3 150 ppm T5 GA3 200 ppm T6 NAA 50 ppm T7 NAA 75 ppm T8 NAA 100 ppm T9 NAA 125 ppm S.Em.± C.D. at 5% ~ 1487 ~

4 Fig 1: Effect of PGR on days to 50% flowering Fig 2: Effect of PGR on number of spikes per plant Fig 3: Effect of PGR on vase life of cut spike in days ~ 1488 ~

5 Plate 1: Bulb dipping in PGR solution Plate 2: Vase life study in the laboratory References tuberose L.) cv. Prajwal. Asian Journal of Horticulture. 1. Asil MH, Roein Z, Abbasi J. Response of tuberose 2013; 8(2): (Polianthes tuberosa L.) to gibberellic acid and 5. Kumar A, Gautam DK. Effect of plant growth regulators benzyladenine, Horticulture Environment and on spike yield and bulb production of tuberose Biotechnology. 2011; 52(1): (Polianthes tuberosa Linn.) cv. Hyderabad Double. 2. Biswas J, Bose JK, Maiti RG. Effect of growth Progressive Horticulture. 2011; 43(2): substances on growth and flowering of tuberose 6. Kumar J, Singh D. Post harvest life of tuberose cultivar (Polianthes tuberosa L.). Scientific Indian Horticulture. Pearl Double spike as effected by GA 3, NAA and 1983; 31(2-3): Sucrose. Journal of Ornamental Horticulture. 2004; 3. Devadanam A, Shinde BN, Sable PB, Vedpathak SG. 7: Effect of foliar spray of plant growth regulators on 7. Larson RA, Throne CB, Milks RR, Iseberg YM, Brisson flowering and vase life of tuberose (Polianthes tuberosa LO. Use of ancymidol bulb dips to control stem L.). Journal of Soils and Crops, 2007; 17(1): elongation of easter lilies grown in a pine bark medium. 4. Ganesh S, Soorianathasundaram K, Kannan M. Effect of Journal of the American Society for Horticultural plant growth regulators and micronutrients on growth, Science. 1987; 112: floral characters and yield of tuberose (Polianthes ~ 1489 ~

6 8. Mukhopadhyay A, Banker GL. Regulation of growth and flowering in tuberose. Journal of Ornamental Horticulture. 1983; 6: Narayan M, Syamal MM. Effect of gibbrellic acid on tuberose (Polianthes tuberosa L.) cv.single. Floriculture research trend. Proc. of Symp. On Indian Floriculture in New Millennium India, 2002, Padaganur VG, Mokashi AN, Patil VS. Effect of growth regulators on growth and yield of tuberose cv. Single. Karnataka Journal of Agriculture. 2005; 18(2): Padmapriya S, Chezhiyan N. Influence of gibberellic acid and certain other chemicals on flowering characters of chrysanthemum (Dendranthema grandiflora Tzelev) Cultivars. Karnataka Journal of Agriculture Sciences. 2002; 12(1-4): Panse VG, Sukhatme PV. Statistical methods for agriculture workers. Indian Council of Agriculture Research, New Delhi. 1984, Panwar RD, Sindhu SS, Sharma JR, Saini RS. Effect of gibberellic acid spray on growth, flowering, quality and yield of bulbs in tuberose. Haryana Journal of Horticulture Sciences. 2006; 35(3-4): Rani P, Singh P. Impact of gibberellic acid pretreatment on growth and flowering of tuberose (Polianthes tuberosa L.) cv. Prajwal. Journal of Tropical Plant Physiology. 2013; 5: Reddy S, Singh K, Gangdharappa PM. Effect of growth substances on flowering and shelf life of flowers of tuberose cv. Double. Karnataka Journal of Agriculture Sciences. 1997; 10(3): Singh PK, Singh DB, Singh SN. Effect of GA3 and NAA on plant, flowering, bulb production and vase life of tuberose (Polianthes tuberosa L.) cv. Single. Research in Environment and Life Science. 2013; 6(4): Taha RA. Effect of some growth regulators on growth, flowering, bulb productivity and chemical composition of iris plants. Journal of Horticulture Science and Ornamental Plants. 2012; 4(2): Wagh VK, Chawla SL, Gaikwad AR, Parolekar SS. Effect of bulb size and GA 3 on vegetative and floral characters of tuberose (Polianthes tuberosa L.) cvs. Prajwal and Calcutta Single. Progressive Horticulture. 2012; 44(1): ~ 1490 ~