Connor Coffin BIOL 493 Winter 2011
|
|
- Barrie Floyd
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 A Comparative Study of Two Aquaponic Methods: Raft vs. Gravel Filtration Connor Coffin BIOL 493 Winter 2011 Mentor- Dr. D. Bybee 1
2 Abstract Sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum) was planted and grown using both a gravel filtration and floating raft method in order to determine which produced the greatest biomass. Basil was also grown under the same conditions in soil as a control. The growth period was 30 days at which point the total biomass was measured and weighed (wet weight). The gravel filtration method produced the greatest biomass according to height (19in), and weight (459 gms). The basil grew twice as fast in the soilless system compared to the control group (P = ). Comparing only the two aquaponic methods, the gravel filtration method of aquaponics was significantly superior to the raft method when growing the herb basil (P = ). Introduction Soilless agriculture, or hydroponics, entails growing vegetation without a substrate, using chemical fertilizers (Emberger 1991). Aquaculture is the captive cultivation of aquatic organisms for human use (Howerton 2001). The combination of both practices creates a third system of soilless cultivation known as aquaponics. This system differs from hydroponics and aquaculture in that fish are grown simultaneously in the same water as the vegetation resulting in byproducts (nutrients from fish wastes) that fertilize the plants instead of chemical additives. Aquaponics creates a mutualistic relationship between fish and plants; the fish produce nutrients metabolically which the plants absorb, cleaning the water in the process. Growth continues until both fish and plants are harvested as food products (Whitton 2009). Some of the advantages of aquaponics are: control of nutrition, high yields on a small footprint, lower costs due to recirculating water, and easy management of disease and pests (Hershey 1994). The most common aquaponic method in use today is the raft system (Mackowaik 1989). This process utilizes a floating raft to suspend the roots of the plants into the water, and is considered static because the roots of the plants are always in direct contact with nutrient rich water (Figures 1 & 2). 2
3 . Figure 1 A floating raft with 10 mesh pots. Figure 2 Roots coming through the mesh pot into nutrient rich water. A second method is a dynamic gravel filtration system in which the gravel is used as a substrate. Water is pumped into the gravel bed which activates a negative pressure siphon draining the tank. The tank refills in a cyclical manner, aerating the gravel. Limited research comparing the two methods has been published to date (Emberger 1991). The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of these two aquaponic systems on biomass production in the herb basil (Ocimum basilicum). Methods An outdoor system was constructed using two large 55 gallon food grade, closed top, plastic barrels. One of the barrels was cut in half vertically, and the two halves were laid on their sides to serve as growth beds. The second barrel (Figure 3) was equipped with an underwater pump, and filled with approximately 10 lbs of Tilapia (54, 3 inch average) (Oreochromis mossambicus). 3
4 Figure 3 Complete raft, and gravel Figure 4 2 siphon with attached 3/8 tubing. filtration aquapoinics system. The first growth bed employed the raft method. In this system, a 2 x4 piece of poly styrene was cut to fit in the half barrel, and was then painted white with water base latex on the surface exposed to the sun. Holes were then cut to fit the 3 mesh pots and 6 waste collection area. In the first replicate coconut fibers were placed in the pots to act as a substrate for the seedlings. In later replicates, the coconut fibers were replaced with black cinders in order to eliminate a possible nutrient drain. The second growth bed was a gravel filtration system. In this system, an 8 standpipe was fitted with a water siphon system (figure 4). This siphon was protected with a segment of 4 pipe in order to keep the gravel out. Once in place the barrel was filled with previously washed black cinders. Both barrels were equipped with custom wood cradles in order to secure and prevent them from tipping over. The barrels were also tied down with nylon safety chords in order to prevent rotation. Both systems received water pumped at equal rates from a 500 gal/hr. underwater fountain pump located in the bottom tank containing the tilapia. Fish were grown simultaneously with basil, and the nitrogenous wastes of the fish were used as the fertilizer for the basil in both tanks. One teaspoon of anhydrous Iron was added to the water to meet the physiological needs of the fish (Tamaru pers. comm). Basil seeds were sprouted indoors using standard germination methods and grown until they achieved a height of one inch measured from ground to tip (Jones 1997). The aquaponic system was placed in an area where it would receive at least four hrs of direct sunlight per day. Nutrient levels were monitored in the fish tank until they reached the optimum concentration of 4
5 ppm of nitrates, at which point the seedlings were placed in the tanks. Ten seedlings each were placed in the floating raft system, the gravel filtration system, and in pots with soil next to the system for comparison. Readings were taken in the water systems every two days measuring the height, ph, nitrates, nitrites, hardness, and alkalinity throughout the growth period (30 days). At the end of the growth period, plants from the two systems were harvested, weighed, and measured. Measurements consisted of height and number of surviving plants in each group. Basil wet weight was compared statistically using a one way ANOVA, and T-test. The basil was cut at the base and depending on size, cut in the middle to facilitate weighing. Wet weight was taken immediately after cutting to prevent dehydration. The raft seedlings in the mesh pots were planted in gravel instead of the coconut fibers used in replicate one which were recommended by a hydroponics shop in Honolulu. This was done due to a concern that the non-chlorophyll containing organic materials might be a nutrient sink, stealing nitrogen from the plants roots (Bybee pers. comm). Results The actual yield in total biomass from the three methods was grams of basil. In replicate #1 the gravel siphon method produced the highest biomass (459 grams). The raft system only produced grams (Table 5). The gravel produced significantly higher amounts of basil (P= ) with the raft producing just a few grams more than the control (Figure 6). (Table 5) In the results of replicate 1, the gravel produced three times the basil as the other two groups. Replicate #1 Raft Height # of plants Wet weight Average gms Gravel Average gms Dirt Average gms 5
6 (Figure 6) The growth comparison between raft and gravel methods 24hrs before harvesting. The tape measure (right) is set at 12in for scale. Data analysis from the three replicates produced significant P-values. The one-way ANOVA presents the P-values for each replicate performed (Table 7). P= for replicate #1 P= for replicate #2, and P= for replicate #3. All three replicates were statistically different. The T-test performed examined only the raft and gravel methods to determine which was more efficient. Compiling the weights of all three replicates, the T-test result was P= (Table 7) With no mortality and a p value of less than.05, data from replicate one was easy to compare. Analysis of Variance (One-Way) Replicate 1 Summary Groups Sample size Sum Mean Variance Raft Gravel Dirt ANOVA Source of Variation df MS F p-level Between Groups 2 3,
7 In all three replicates; the gravel, raft, and dirt s growth curve rates were similar (Figure 8). Within the first two weeks after planting all three groups performed equally (Figure 8). The gravel method produced the fastest growth rates in the 2 nd replicate (Figure 8). 12 Growth rates average height (in) Gravel raft dirt days (Figure 8) The results of replicate #2 after 30 days of growth. Nitrate levels varied throughout the three month period. The seedlings were planted on day eight when the nitrogen levels reached ppm (Figure 9). Nutrient levels dropped to 30 ppm before rebounding. After this initial drop the levels never fell below 100 ppm, and were usually around 200 ppm for the second two growth periods. 7
8 Nitrate ppm Days (Figure 9) The average nitrate level running the system with fish was 175 ppm. Discussion The total amount of basil harvested in the first replicate was 722 gms, 460 gms of which were from the gravel method. This means that with three gravel beds the theoretical yield could be as high as 1377gms. Statistically this experiment allowed for multiple comparisons. Comparing gravel, raft, and dirt the average P value was showing that all the methods were different. Looking at only the raft and gravel methods however, showed that the differences were small (P= ). Average heights and weights remained consistent with the gravel producing slightly more biomass than the raft method. On day 15 of 30 the basil began to grow at a rapid rate (Figure 8). After day 15 the two aquaponic methods surpassed the soil group. The reason for this may be because they were sprouted indoors using standard germination techniques, and they had to become accustomed to their new environment. Weather was also a factor. During the second replicate growth period, a heavy rain storm came two days after planting. Seven seedling groups in the three methods were killed. This made comparison with this group difficult because its final biomass was much lower than the other periods. Replicate 3 also had a high mortality rate with four seedling groups 8
9 dying due to heavy rains. By the end of 30 days the gravel group was still twice as tall as the dirt group. Nitrate levels are also important to include because an aquaponics system as a whole, is dynamic (Figure 9). It takes time for the buildup of nutrients to occur (Tyson et. al 2007). The system keeps building on itself growing with beneficial bacteria, nutrients, and natural water filters (Whitton 2009). With the water moving up and down in the gravel system, it creates an ideal environment for beneficial bacteria to eliminate solid wastes from the fish (Tamaru pers. comm). The nutrient cycle of the system may be a reason why the mean biomass in the third group would have been the highest had four of the plants not died. With the basil absorbing nitrogen in the running system, the average nutrient capacity while in use was 175 ppm. When no plants were in the system the water became more nutrient rich achieving as high as ppm which caused a small amount of mortality in the fish. In conclusion, both raft and gravel filtration forms of aquaponics are effective methods in the cultivation of basil. In this study, the dynamic gravel method produced the highest basil biomass. With the extra cost of purchasing the gravel, the greater biomass produced would still be worth the initial cost. The gravel would also far outlast the brittle Styrofoam rafts. One of the benefits of the raft method is greater ease of access to the water for cleaning and maintenance. The perfect aquaponics garden might have a combination of both gravel and raft methods. Perhaps two gravel beds and two raft beds. This ratio could possibly create the most biomass with the lowest maintenance and costs. 9
10 Sources cited Bybee, D Pers Comm. July 8 th. Biology teacher/mentor. BYU-H Laie, HI. Emberger, G A simplified integrated fish culture hydroponics system. The American Biology teacher 53(4): Hershey, D. R Solution culture hydroponics: History & Inexpensive Equipment. The American Biology teacher. 56(2): Howerton, R Best management practices for Hawaiian aquaculture. Waimanalo HI, Center for tropical and subtropical aquaculture press. Pp. 32. Jones, J. B Hydroponics: a practical guide for the soilless grower. Boca Raton, Florida. St. Lucie Press. Pp 230. Mackowaik, C. L Continuous hydroponic wheat production using a recirculating system. John F. Kennedy space center, Fla. National aeronautics and space administration press. Pp 60. Tamaru, S. C Pers Comm. June 13 th. Aquaculture specialist. Kaneohe, HI. Tyson, R. V.; Simonne, E. H.; Davis, M Effect of Nutrient Solution, Nitrate-Nitrogen Concentration, and ph on Nitrification Rate. Journal of Plant Nutrition. 30 (6): Whitton, K Liquid engineering: Organic farming goes big by getting small. Green: Hawaii s sustainable living magazine 1(3):
Aquaculture + Hydroponics = Aquaponics. Combining aquaculture (raising fish) and hydroponics (raising vegetables without soil)
www.sustainlife.org Introduction to Aquaponics Water for the Small Homestead Aquaculture + Hydroponics = Aquaponics Combining aquaculture (raising fish) and hydroponics (raising vegetables without soil)
More informationAquaponics vs. Hydroponics
All Bright Aquariums would like to present. Aquaponics vs. Hydroponics A presentation by Steven Colletti Food Chain, Lexington, KY Aquaponic Diagram Tilapia Why are Tilapia extremely popular in aquaponic
More informationTHE USE OF A SMALL HYDROPONIC SYSTEM FOR PRODUCING MARIGOLDS
THE USE OF A SMALL HYDROPONIC SYSTEM FOR PRODUCING MARIGOLDS M.A. Wilson', D. Rogers', VA. Khan 2, and C. Stevens' 'Department of Agriculture, Southeast Missouri State University, Cape Girardeau, MO 63701.
More informationComparison of Soil Grown Cannabis Plants in a Plastic Pot, a Fabric Pot and an Octopot Grow System 1
1 TEST PARAMETERS AND GOAL A side by side comparison of the growth of three cannabis plants was carried out to determine efficacy of three soil bearing plant containers. The plant containers used in this
More informationIntroduction. Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences North Florida Research and Education Center Suwannee Valley
Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences North Florida Research and Education Center Suwannee Valley Comparison of Bare-Root and Plug Strawberry Transplants in Soilless Culture in North Florida 98-04
More informationComparison between Growing Plants in Hydroponic System and Soil Based System
Proceedings of the 4 th World Congress on Mechanical, Chemical, and Material Engineering (MCM'18) Madrid, Spain August 16 18, 2018 Paper No. ICMIE 131 DOI: 10.11159/icmie18.131 Comparison between Growing
More informationEffects of Different Media on Plant Growth. Materials and Methods
Effects of Different Media on Plant Growth A. Nony Mouse Biology 356 Instructor: Dr. Jim Barron Lab 10: Plant Lab Lab Partners: Charles Darwin Gregor Mendel James Watson Materials and Methods In late October-early
More informationOrganic Production of Tobacco Transplants: The. Nitrogen Dilemma
Organic Production of Tobacco Transplants: The Nitrogen Dilemma Bob Pearce University of Kentucky Organic Tobacco Small but growing niche market for tobacco growers. Requirements for organic production
More informationEffect of Insulation on the Growth of Radish Plants- Cultivated Radish ( Raphanus sativus L.) Danielle Griggs, Meher Pandher, Avni Mehta, Meghan Royle
Effect of Insulation on the Growth of Radish Plants- Cultivated Radish ( Raphanus sativus L.) Danielle Griggs, Meher Pandher, Avni Mehta, Meghan Royle Section 1 June 10th, 2013 Mr. Fusco 1 Abstract: Research
More informationRoot Temperature Effects on the Growth of Walnut and Avocado Seedlings
California Avocado Association 1939 Yearbook 24: 96-102 Root Temperature Effects on the Growth of Walnut and Avocado Seedlings A. R. C HAAS University of California, Riverside, California Brief access
More informationProblem. Can paper mill sludge be used as a fertilizer for plants and does it change the ph of the
Problem Can paper mill sludge be used as a fertilizer for plants and does it change the ph of the substrate it was used in? This problem was selected to learn if the chemical make-up of paper mill sludge
More informationOrganic Greenhouse Container Herb Production in South Florida: Fertilizer and Potting Media 1
ABE 373 Organic Greenhouse Container Herb Production in South Florida: Fertilizer and Potting Media 1 D. D. Treadwell, Kati W. Migliaccio, Teresa Olczyk, Yun Qian, Y. Li, George J. Hochmuth, Robert C.
More informationFisheries and Aquaculture Departments in FAO Keywords. Aquaponics, aquaculture, fish, hydroponics, soilless culture Country of first practice
Deep Water Culture Aquaponic Unit: Step by Step Description Source Fisheries and Aquaculture Departments in FAO Keywords Aquaponics, aquaculture, fish, hydroponics, soilless culture Country of first practice
More informationUnderstanding Properties of Growing Media
Lesson A4 1 Understanding Properties of Growing Media Unit A. Horticultural Science Problem Area 4. Growing Media, Nutrients, and Fertilizers Lesson 1. Understanding Properties of Growing Media New Mexico
More informationSt. Augustine Orchid Society Top Dressing Your Orchids by Sue Bottom,
Orchid growers can talk about different orchid potting mixes for hours on end. Whether or not organic matter should be incorporated into a mix, what types of organic materials are preferable or is it better
More informationIntroduction to Aquaponics
Introduction to Aquaponics What is Aquaponics? The word aquaponics is a hybrid word formed by taking the two words Aquaculture and Hydroponics and joining them together. Aquaculture means raising aquatic
More informationCOMPARISON BETWEEN TWO PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGIES AND TWO TYPES OF SUBSTRATES IN AN EXPERIMENTAL AQUAPONIC RECIRCULATION SYSTEM
COMPARISON BETWEEN TWO PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGIES AND TWO TYPES OF SUBSTRATES IN AN EXPERIMENTAL AQUAPONIC RECIRCULATION SYSTEM Ivaylo SIRAKOV 1, Katya VELICHKOVA 1, Stefka STOYANOVA 1, Desislava SLAVCHEVA-SIRAKOVA
More informationGrowing Basil Indoors: Step by Step Instructions
Growing Basil Indoors: Step by Step Instructions Please note, if you do not want to invest in a dome, you can start your basil in plastic egg cartons and use the top as a dome, or a plastic salad container.
More informationDifferences in Organic Fertilizer Response
Differences in Organic Fertilizer Response Ohio State University Department of Horticulture, C. Pasian, Ph.D. 2010 Report by Jon Sammons, Ph.D. Geraniums at 65 Days After Planting Suståne 8 4 4 at 0.93
More informationCloning in an Octopot Grow System
An experiment was conducted to determine the effectiveness of starting a stem cutting directly in an Octopot Grow System. Cannabis clones are typically started in a specialized container then transplanted
More informationEFFECTIVENESS OF CATERPILLAR FRASS AS FERTILIZER ON THE GROWTH OF BASIL PLANTS (OCIMUM BASILICUM)
EFFECTIVENESS OF CATERPILLAR FRASS AS FERTILIZER ON THE GROWTH OF BASIL PLANTS (OCIMUM BASILICUM) Lerma P. Buenvinida& Victoria E. Tamban Faculty of College of Teacher Education Laguna State Polytechnic
More informationLesco Fertilizer Evaluation
Lesco Fertilizer Evaluation Dr. James T. Midcap Department of Horticulture The University of Georgia Athens, GA 30602 Nature of Work: Lesco=s 18-6-12 Experimental urea formaldehyde fertilizer with minors
More informationEFFORTS TO ACCELERATE THE PRODUCTION OF FRASER FIR SEEDLINGS. John R. Seiler and Richard E. Kreh 1
EFFORTS TO ACCELERATE THE PRODUCTION OF FRASER FIR SEEDLINGS John R. Seiler and Richard E. Kreh 1 Abstract Fraser fir seedlings were grown in containers, in a greenhouse and were supplied with either 200,
More informationSoda Bottle Hydroponics Growing Plants Without Soil A lesson from the New Jersey Agricultural Society s Learning Through Gardening program
Soda Bottle Hydroponics Growing Plants Without Soil A lesson from the New Jersey Agricultural Society s Learning Through Gardening program OVERVIEW: In this lesson, students will explore how to grow plants
More informationHigh frequency irrigations as means for reduction of pollution hazards to soil and water resources and enhancement of nutrients uptake by plants
High frequency irrigations as means for reduction of pollution hazards to soil and water resources and enhancement of nutrients uptake by plants Avner SILBER Institute of Soil, Water and Environmental
More informationAuthor(s) Redacted Author(s) Redacted Abstract: Introduction
Author(s) Redacted 1 Author(s) Redacted 3 May 2011 Contrasting Growth Rates and Overall Plant Health in Brassica Rapa Utilizing Standard Fertilizer Pellets and Earthworm Castings Abstract: Brassica rapa
More informationOpen-Field Soilless Culture of Vegetables 1
SL 291 1 George J. Hochmuth and Robert C. Hochmuth 2 The Need for Alternative Crop Production s Commercial vegetable production is very expensive involving many costly inputs. One of these inputs is suitable
More informationDID YOU KNOW that the National
Understanding Hydroponics DID YOU KNOW that the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) is looking at hydroponics as a means of providing food during space exploration? We tend to think of
More informationCrop Management Practices. By Simon Bedasie
Crop Management Practices Fertigation By Simon Bedasie Observations of a Visiting Consultant Water and fertilizer management looked like bucket chemistry. Very basic techniques for water and fertilizer
More informationGreenhouse tomato experiments
Greenhouse tomato experiments Huplaso effect on tomato plant Foreword The first results obtained of the Hupalso product analysis have shown it has several physicochemical properties involved in the improvement
More informationTHE UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS LIBRARY
THE UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS LIBRARY BULLETIN No. 184 TESTS WITH NITRATE OF SODA IN THE PRODUCTION OF EARLY VEGETABLES BY JOHN W. LLOYD URBAXA, ILLINOIS, NOVEMBER, 1915 SUMMARY OF BULLETIN No. 184 1. Top-dressings
More informationS.O.A.P. Students Organized Against Pollution
S.O.A.P. Students Organized Against Pollution Welcome! We are the 2017-2018 Student Organized Against Pollution (S.O.A.P) Lego League Team. We are comprised of 4 th, 5 th, and 6 th grade boys and girls.
More informationASSESSMENT OF SOIL GROWTH MEDIA AND IRON REQUIREMENT OF GERBERA CULTIVATION IN ALFISOL UNDER POLYHOUSE CONDITIONS
ASSESSMENT OF SOIL GROWTH MEDIA AND IRON REQUIREMENT OF GERBERA CULTIVATION IN ALFISOL UNDER POLYHOUSE CONDITIONS Ranshur N. J. 1, Amrutsagar V. M. 2 and Patil A. S. 3 Department of Science and Agril.
More information21/07/58. Module 2. 50g/m x 3.8L/g x 60m/hr = 11,400 L/hr. Calibration - calculate actual volume/hr. Head
Module 2 Growing more fish and plants for human consumption and enjoyment Review: Module 1 - Overview What is the rate of flow for a tank or pond? Volume 2x/hr. starting Eventually 1x/hr. 1,000 liter fish
More informationNFT. basic steps to successful growing. nutriculture ltd. Do you want. Find out more. Hydroponic
NFT Do you want Earlier Bigger Taste Hydroponic Crops Yields Explosion Excellence Find out more basic steps to successful growing BASIC STEPS TO GROWING SUCCESSFULLY USING NFT NFT (NUTRIENT FILM TECHNIQUE)
More informationSUNFLOWER COMPETITION
School of Agriculture and Food Sciences SUNFLOWER COMPETITION Experiment Booklet 2017 uq.edu.au/agriculture/sunflower-competition With sunflower seeds, some simple steps and expert information, the UQ
More informationEvaluating rootzone stresses and the role of the root system on rose crop productivity and fertilizer-water use efficiency:
Evaluating rootzone stresses and the role of the root system on rose crop productivity and fertilizer-water use efficiency: Tissue nutrient contents, whole plant biomass and quality Raúl I. Cabrera Texas
More informationEvaluating rootzone stresses and the role of the root system on rose crop productivity and fertilizer-water use efficiency:
Evaluating rootzone stresses and the role of the root system on rose crop productivity and fertilizer-water use efficiency: Leachate chemical quality and cumulative biomass and flower yields Raúl I. Cabrera
More informationPlant exudates can adjust ph and nutrient supply, and even affect soil quality, by the organisms of the soil food web. 2
WHITEPAPER RHIZOSPHERE PH AND NUTRIENT AVAILABILITY RX GREEN WHAT IS ph? Potential hydrogen, or ph, is a measure of the solution concentration of hydrogen ions, or H+. There are two types of ions: a cation
More informationUndergraduate Research and Creative Practice. Follow this and additional works at:
Grand Valley State University ScholarWorks@GVSU Honors Projects Undergraduate Research and Creative Practice 2014 The Aquaponic Cycle Kara Myers Grand Valley State University Follow this and additional
More informationWe design and build turnkey aquaponics, hydroponics a fish farms
PRODUCT CATALOG We design and build turnkey aquaponics, hydroponics a fish farms THORILEX Hydroponic system (TH-AVHS-3) Automatic, Vertical Higher production on sqm Facilitate harvesting Easy to construct
More informationTABLE OF CONTENTS. MANUAL Standalone soilless barrel.
TABLE OF CONTENTS Prerequisites to run a standalone soilless vertical barrel... 2 Required...... 3 Recommended... 4 Height of the barrels and grow spaces... 4 Scope of delivery... 4 Assembly... 7 Step
More informationTechnology Transfer of Greenhouse Aeroponic Lettuce Production Information to Alberta Growers,
Technology Transfer of Greenhouse Aeroponic Lettuce Production Information to Alberta Growers, Nabeel Mohammed Greenhouse Research & Production Complex ( GRPC) Lacombe - AB January 18, 2017 Introduction:
More informationSugarbeets Enjoy Warm Winter
Sugarbeets Enjoy Warm Winter Item Type text; Article Authors Abbott, J. L.; Nelson, J. M. Publisher College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ) Journal Sugarbeets: A College of Agriculture
More informationGrow box From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Page 1 of 5 Grow box From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia A grow box is a partially or completely enclosed system for raising plants indoors or in small areas. Grow boxes are used for a number of reasons,
More informationPOTATO VARIETY RESPONSE TO PHOSPHORUS FERTILIZER
POTATO VARIETY RESPONSE TO PHOSPHORUS FERTILIZER Mike Thornton 1, Deron Beck 1, Jeff Stark 2 and Bryan Hopkins 3 1 University of Idaho, Parma Research and Extension Center 2 University of Idaho, Idaho
More informationPlant Propagation for Successful Hydroponic Production
Plant Propagation for Successful Hydroponic Production Hye-Ji Kim Assistant Professor of Sustainable Horticulture Crop Production Oct 14, 2017 What is Hydroponics? Hydroponics = hydros + ponos Water labor
More informationThe Wheel Garden B.A. Kratky,UH/CTAHR/TPSS/Komohana Res & Ext Center, 875 Komohana, Hilo, HI 96720
The Wheel Garden B.A. Kratky,UH/CTAHR/TPSS/Komohana Res & Ext Center, 875 Komohana, Hilo, HI 96720 A commercial garment rack has been modified into a Wheel Garden wherein 5 different crops are being grown
More informationU.H. POTTING MIX. Roylyn L. Voss and Donald P. Watson*
U.H. POTTING MIX Roylyn L. Voss and Donald P. Watson* Because black sand and high-quality topsoil, two common ingredients for soil mixes in island nurseries, are becoming scarce, it was decided to examine
More informationHigh Tunnel Hanging Baskets, 2010 A Partnership grant funded by NESARE Judson Reid, Principal Investigator Cornell Vegetable Program
High Tunnel Hanging Baskets, 2010 A Partnership grant funded by NESARE Judson Reid, Principal Investigator Cornell Vegetable Program Introduction High tunnels offer a vertical production environment that
More informationClassroom Aquaponics System Assembly and Maintenance Guide
Classroom Aquaponics System Assembly and Maintenance Guide Table of Contents Materials...3 Assembly Instructions...4-8 De-chlorination Procedures...9 Initial Cycle Instructions...10-11 System Maintenance
More informationModule 4. Growing more fish and plants for human consumption and enjoyment
Module 4 Growing more fish and plants for human consumption and enjoyment Module 3 - Filters, Feed and Fish What are the filter types? Bacci tower Vortex Ebb and Flow Bed types for plant types 1. Soil
More informationPan-African Soybean Variety Trial Protocol Training. I
Pan-African Soybean Variety Trial Protocol Training The protocol Outlines Site selection Land preparation Soil sampling Experimental layout Methods of planting Fertilizer application Site selection Use
More informationHydroponics Systems Q&A
Hydroponics Systems Q&A What Hydroponic System do you guys like the BEST? We get asked this question ALOT. Of course we do...and we definitely have to say that we like Drip Systems the BEST. They are easy
More informationSoil Health: Composting, and the Benefits of Intercropping and Cover Crops
Soil Health: Composting, and the Benefits of Intercropping and Cover Crops Andy Waltke, M.S. Creighton University Common Soil Seed Library Lecture Series What is soil? Biotic = living component Bacteria
More informationCalifornia Avocado Society 1955 Yearbook 39: PHOSPHATE RESPONSE IN AVOCADO TREES
California Avocado Society 1955 Yearbook 39: 193-201 PHOSPHATE RESPONSE IN AVOCADO TREES A. R. C. Haas and Joseph N. Brusca Plant Physiologist and Senior Laboratory Technician, University of California,
More informationKnow Your Soil Getting the Dirt on Your Dirt FWAA. Dr. Steve Petrie Director of Agronomic Services
Know Your Soil Getting the Dirt on Your Dirt FWAA Dr. Steve Petrie Director of Agronomic Services Crop productivity Genetics Soil Temperature Environ ment Crop Yield Moisture Manage ment Take the time
More informationPLANTS. Interactive Science Book. Created by Cristina Schubert
PLANTS Interactive Science Book Created by Cristina Schubert JOURNAL What do you think plants need to grow and live? 1 What Plants Need Plants are living things that must have certain things or basic needs
More informationEFFECTS OF AMMONIUM LIGNOSULFONATE ON SOIL MICROBIAL POPULATIONS, VERTICILLIUM WILT, AND POTATO SCAB.
EFFECTS OF AMMONIUM LIGNOSULFONATE ON SOIL MICROBIAL POPULATIONS, VERTICILLIUM WILT, AND POTATO SCAB. Nader Soltani and George Lazarovits*, Southern Crop Protection and Food Research Centre, Agriculture
More information3/23/2011. Poor soil Soil pests Trees Limited space Deed restrictions Love the lawn! Epcot, April
Alternative Vegetable Gardening Sydney Park Brown Epcot, April 2010 Edibles! UF Extension Specialist Consumer Horticulture Gulf Coast Research & Education Center Plant City http://tiny.cc/tm7sx Edibles!
More informationAssessment of aluminium stress tolerance of triticale breeding lines in hydroponics
Assessment of aluminium stress tolerance of triticale breeding lines in hydroponics X.G. Zhang 1, 2, R.S. Jessop 2, F. Ellison 3, and P. Evans 1 1 Agriculture Victoria, Pastoral and Veterinary Institute,
More informationWhat s Inside Your Garden Starter System. Getting Started When Should I Plant? Seed Tray. Grow Sponge Opening
Garden Starter System Instructions With the Garden Starter System, you can use your AeroGarden to start seedlings for transplanting into an outdoor garden. This system includes supplies for starting 36
More informationIntroduction to Village Aquaponics ECOLIFE FOUNDATION 2011
Introduction to Village Aquaponics ECOLIFE FOUNDATION 2011 Thank you Shultz Steel for generously funding this sustainable project Table of Contents Introduction to Aquaponics 3-4 Defining aquaponics The
More informationFloral Notes. By . In This Issue. A Publication of the UMass Extension Floriculture Program
A Publication of the UMass Extension Floriculture Program Floral Notes By email Volume 19, No. 6 www.umass.edu/umext/floriculture May-June 2007 In This Issue Summer Educational Programs... 2 Organic Fertilization
More informationProduction of Evergreen Shrubs in Paper Sludge- Amended Media. University of Idaho. Report Series: Final Report, January through July 2000
Title: Production of Evergreen Shrubs in Paper Sludge- Amended Media 1 Principal Investigator: Robert R. Tripepi University of Idaho Date: Report Series: Final Report, January through July 2000 Grant Agency
More informationConditioning Water: Hydroponics. Nathania Nischal
Conditioning Water: Hydroponics Nathania Nischal Introduction Hydroponics is a growing industry that involves growing plants not in soil, but in water. In a hydroponic system, many plants are put in pots
More informationEffect of Five Planting Dates on Yield of Six Sweet Onions
Effect of Five Planting Dates on Yield of Six Sweet Onions Dr. Ron Goldy Southwest Michigan Research and Extension Center Benton Harbor, Michigan Objective: The main objective of this trial was to determine
More informationVEGETATIVE PROPAGATION OF MATURE SYCAMORE. Samuel B. Land, Jr, 1
VEGETATIVE PROPAGATION OF MATURE SYCAMORE Samuel B. Land, Jr, 1 Abstract.--Techniques were tested for grafting, budding, and rooting cuttings from mature sycamore trees. Success was greater for winter
More informationFertigation. There are four fundamental components for success with fertigation: 1) Do not irrigate longer than 1 hour at a time.
Cont i nuedbel ow. Fertigation Fertigation is the process by which fertilizers are applied through the irrigation system. This practice relies on two different types of fertilizer: ready to use liquid
More informationA New Hydroponic Substrate GREENHOUSE TOMATO CULTIVATION ON GROWSTONES GROW BAGS
A New Hydroponic Substrate GREENHOUSE TOMATO CULTIVATION ON GROWSTONES GROW BAGS A comparison between cultivation on Growstones and Rockwool Written by Paula Costa, Ph.D Director of Research & Development
More informationEffects of Planting Dates and Varieties on Growth and Yield of Broccoli During Rainy Season
American Journal of Agricultural and Biological Sciences 8 (4): 357-361, 2013 ISSN: 1557-4989 2013 Science Publication doi:10.3844/ajabssp.2013.357.361 Published Online 8 (4) 2013 (http://www.thescipub.com/ajabs.toc)
More informationPE PLE CROWDING CAN BE SEEDY
UNIT 5 CROWDING CROWDING CAN BE SEEDY METHOD A simulation and gardening lab give students hands-on experience with the effects of increasing population density. MATERIALS Part 1: 20 ft of yarn/tape or
More informationHawaii Agriculture Research Center -1- Vegetable Report 2. Hawaii Agriculture Research Center Vegetable Report 2 January 2000
Hawaii Agriculture Research Center -1- Vegetable Report 2 Hawaii Agriculture Research Center Vegetable Report 2 January 2000 INDEX WORDS: asparagus, diversified crop ASPARAGUS PRODUCTION AND VARIETY YIELDS
More informationWhy transplants? Raising high quality vegetable transplants 2/27/2018. Dr. Ajay Nair Department of Horticulture Small Farm Conference
Raising high quality vegetable transplants Dr. Ajay Nair Department of Horticulture Small Farm Conference 2-10-2018 Why transplants? Uniform seed germination Eliminate variability caused by direct seeding
More informationVegetable Report 1 from Experiment Station, HARC December 1998
from Experiment Station, HARC December 1998 Index Words: asparagus, diversified crop EVALUATION OF ASPARAGUS AS A NEW CROP FOR HAWAII S. Schenck, J.J. McHugh, Jr., and M.T. Austin SUMMARY Asparagus (Asparagus
More informationContainer Gardening for Small Spaces
Container Gardening for Small Spaces Leonard J.M. Githinji, Ph.D. Assistant Professor and Extension Specialist Sustainable and Urban Agriculture Virginia State University (804) 524-5962 lgithinji@vsu.edu
More informationEffects of Phosphorus and Calcium on Tuber Set, Yield, and Quality in Goldrush Potato
Effects of Phosphorus and Calcium on Tuber Set, Yield, and Quality in Goldrush Potato Carl Rosen, Charles Hyatt, and Matt McNearney Dept. of Soil, Water, and Climate, University of Minnesota crosen@umn.edu
More informationEffects of Gravel on Brassica rapa
Effects of Gravel on Brassica rapa Authors' Names Redacted Abstract Brassica rapa was grown in two different groups; the control group was set up using the standard Wisconsin Fast Plant Growth instructions
More informationVegetarian Newsletter
Vegetarian Newsletter Horticultural Sciences Department A Vegetable Crops Extension Publication May 2007 Growing Bell Peppers in Soilless Culture Under Open Shade Structures By Robert Hochmuth, Linda Landrum,
More informationNitrogen release and disease suppressive activity of four compost amendments on three vegetable farms
+ Nitrogen release and disease suppressive activity of four compost amendments on three vegetable farms Lori Hoagland Dept. of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture Purdue University Presented by Liz
More informationTECHNICAL JOURNAL THC BOMB HYBRID DATA PROVIDED BY AAA ORGANICS. images from actual grow
TECHNICAL JOURNAL THC BOMB HYBRID images from actual grow DATA PROVIDED BY AAA ORGANICS METHODOLOGY Strain THC Bomb Type Hybrid Lighting Suncloak 4816 LED System Grow Area 4 x 8 Grow Table Container 5
More informationGrowing Strawberries - Under Cover Practices Last Updated Wednesday, 31 August :47 INTRODUCTION:
INTRODUCTION: Strawberries are a tricky crop, mainly because of its historical genetic development which dictates its requirements for successful plant development and high production. SB developed from
More informationTHE EFFECTS OF MINITUBER SIZE AND HARVEST DATE ON GERMINATION, TUBER SET, AND YIELD OF RUSSET BURBANK POTATOES. Steven R. James '
THE EFFECTS OF MINITUBER SIZE AND HARVEST DATE ON GERMINATION, TUBER SET, AND YIELD OF RUSSET BURBANK POTATOES Steven R. James ' ABSTRACT An experiment was established in 1985 at Powell Butte to evaluate
More informationTemperature and Dose influence Phoma macrostoma efficacy on seedling broadleaf weeds.
Temperature and Dose influence Phoma macrostoma efficacy on seedling broadleaf weeds. Joseph C. Neal 1, Barbara Shew 2, and Rocco Schiavone 1 1 Department of Horticultural Science and 2 Department of Plant
More informationGrafting of Tomatoes for Soil-based Production in Greenhouse and High Tunnels Judson Reid, Kathryn Klotzbach and Nelson Hoover
Grafting of Tomatoes for Soil-based Production in Greenhouse and High Tunnels Judson Reid, Kathryn Klotzbach and Nelson Hoover Introduction Soil based greenhouse and high tunnel production of tomatoes
More informationComposting Made Simple
Composting Made Simple WHAT IS COMPOSTING? Composting is the natural decomposition of plant remains and other once-living materials to make an earthy, dark, crumbly substance called compost, that is excellent
More informationBACTER / 100g
Substrate System ADA Substrate System has been developed after thorough research on natural environments. The substrate is a key factor for the growth of aquatic plants, and especially important for their
More informationPlant-A-Plant Water Laboratory Guide
Plant-A-Plant Water Laboratory Guide Task Prepare conditions for growing maize seedlings with different amounts of water. Plant seedlings into plastic bottles, set up a constant water resource and observe
More informationGALLATIN GARDENER CLUB APRIL 6, Clain Jones
GALLATIN GARDENER CLUB APRIL 6, 2015 Clain Jones clainj@montana.edu 994-6076 Hands-on is the best way to learn, but we ll use clickers because. 1. I just had my nails done 2. Clicker training isn t just
More information\ as a Medium. \ for Anthuriums \ H. Y. Nakasone H. Kamemoto. \ Wood Shavings \ HAWAII AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. ~.z. NOVEMBER 1957 CIRCULAR 53
~.z. (, v., Wood Shavings as a Medium for Anthuriums H. Y. Nakasone H. Kamemoto HAWAII AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION NOVEMBER 1957 CIRCULAR 53 THE AUTHORS MR. HENRY Y. NAKASONE is Junior Horticulturist
More informationNUTRITION FOR GREENHOUSE TOMATOES
dlinnesota Flower Growers Bulletin - July, 99 Volume, Number NUTRITION FOR GREENHOUSE TOMATOES Richard J. McAvoy Extension Specklist - Greenhouse Crops University of Connecticut Reprinted from the Connecticut
More informationCompostability of Restaurant Kitchen Waste Using Effective Microorganisms Preparations
Compostability of Restaurant Kitchen Waste Using Effective Microorganisms Preparations Holger Kahl 1 and Mike Daly 2 Christchurch Polytechnic Institute of Technology - School of Horticulture PO Box 540,
More informationWhat is Hydroponics?
Plant Propagation for Successful Hydroponic Production Hye-Ji Kim Assistant Professor of Sustainable Horticulture Crop Production February 13, 2018 What is Hydroponics? Hydroponics = hydros + ponos Water
More informationGardening with Epsom Salt
Gardening with Epsom Salt Epsom salt is a popular and well-reputed supplement in organic gardening. With the recent push towards green living, Epsom salt is an ideal answer to a variety of organic gardening
More informationThe Effect of Spray Sprinkler Spacing on Distribution Uniformity
The Effect of Spray Sprinkler Spacing on Distribution Uniformity Nina Colasurdo, CLIA M.S. Cal Poly Pomona University, DIG Commercial Sales Representative, ctcolasurdo@csupomona.edu Ramesh Kumar, PhD,
More informationA COMPARISON STUDY OF MICRO-PROPAGATED CLONAL WALNUT ROOTSTOCK GROWTH FOLLOWING APPLICATIONS OF MICROBIAL AND HUMECTANT SOIL AMENDMENTS
A COMPARISON STUDY OF MICRO-PROPAGATED CLONAL WALNUT ROOTSTOCK GROWTH FOLLOWING APPLICATIONS OF MICROBIAL AND HUMECTANT SOIL AMENDMENTS Carolyn DeBuse ABSTRACT The purpose of this trial was to evaluate
More informationPropagation of Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) by Seedlings
American-Eurasian J. Agric. & Environ. Sci., 12 (9): 1117-1121, 2012 ISSN 1818-6769 IDOSI Publications, 2012 DOI: 10.5829/idosi.aejaes.2012.12.09.1875 Propagation of Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) by Seedlings
More informationPlant Care Basics 101
Over the course of my three decades as a plant grower and producer I have heard every perceived reason why a person has a problem with their plants. I don t know a thing I don t have any luck and the most
More informationPowerGrower. 8-Pack. Assembly Guide
PowerGrower 8-Pack Assembly Guide POWERGROWER 8-PACK PARTS 1 18 17 16 2 15 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 POWERGROWER 8-PACK PARTS: 1: Reservoir & Controller (2) 2: Reservoir & Controller Lid (2) 3: Hatch
More informationSoil & Garden Preparation. Presented by Missouri Valley Master Gardeners
Soil & Garden Preparation Presented by Missouri Valley Master Gardeners Healthy Yankton Community Gardens Located on City Limit Road Sites available March 14, 2016 Avera Pavilion Cost $20 Contact HealthyYankton@gmail.com
More information