Active Chitosan. 100 Natural. Biostimulant. With. For use in all type of crops. Developed at The University of Cambridge

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1 Biostimulant For use in all type of crops From shrimp extract Sticks to the plant creating a nurturing layer Fast entry and assimilation via leaves High activation of its efficacy due to molecular optimisation Active Chitosan With 100 Natural Developed at The University of Cambridge

2 KaitoSol is a foliar biostimulant which is 100 % natural. It is based on ActiveChitosan, a molecule made from plant and shrimp extracts. Active Chitosan ActiveChitosan is the main active ingredient in KaitoSol. It was developed at The University of Cambridge. It has an optimised structure and chemical composition when compared to regular chitosan, creating an improved interaction with the plant. The optimised size and uniformity of the molecule creates a highly active compound. Adherence Nurturing layer Natural barrier against external agents Absorption Activity Active Chitosan Regular Chitosan How KaitoSol works 1. KaitoSol is applied to the leaves and trunk of the plants via spray It has high adherence properties, creating a nurturing layer, - and it acts as a natural barrier against external agents 3. Since the molecule remains attached to the plant for an extended period, there is good absorption and small loss of active material. ActiveChitosan, as it is absorbed, enhances the strength of the plant and provides to the plant nutrients. 4. What happens: - Increases yield - Reduction in growth time - Aids on preventing disease - Enhances the strength of the plant - Induces chitin & phytoalexin enzymes General application procedure and recommendations (It is important to mention that KaitoSol is not a replacement of standard fertilizers and should be used as an addition to standard practices. However, it has been noticed that the use of KaitoSol might reduce usage of pesticides and fertilizers). - NEVER mix with pesticides. Mix only with. - Do not apply two days before and/or after a herbicide application. - FOLIAR application. It can be applied through manual or mechanical means. - Mix with enough to completely cover the area to treat. - Shake product before use. - Do not add to the tank when completely empty or completely full.

3 Where: Tolima, Colombia Variety: Chonto Production before applying KaitoSol : 29 ton/ha Type of application: foliar and drip Results: Increase in 30% of the mass of the tomatoes by using foliar application. If only using drip application, the increase in mass of each tomato was 25%. Drip application will require approximately twice as much KaitoSol to produce similar results as foliar application. Field Tomatoes Only mix with. Shake product before use. First Second Third Fourth Fifth and following Spray the soil after sowing the seed After transplanting, spray the soil and the plant Spray the plant two weeks after the second application Spray the plant two weeks after the third application Apply once a month until harvesting Per 10,000 plants 2 L Examples of Product Benefits Where: Tolima, Colombia Variety: Fedearroz 60 Production before applying KaitoSol : 6 ton/ha Type of application: foliar Results: An increase in 1000 kg per hectare. The pictures below are a snapshot before harvesting. With KaitoSol Without KaitoSol Only mix with. Shake product before use. First Second Third Fourth Spray 20 days after sowing Spray 40 days after sowing Spray 60 days after sowing Spray 80 days after sowing Analysing all tests done in rice worldwide, an average increase of 1.25 ton/ha has been recorded. KaitoSol has been used in different types of soils with efficacies varying from 2 tons/ha to 10 tons/ha (see graphs). 0.5 L Yield Increase % Yield Increase in Tons per Hectare 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% Rice 64% 40% 22% Average Minimum Maximum Average Minimum Maximum

4 Where: Galicia, Spain Type of crop: Forage Production before applying KaitoSol : 40 ton/ha Type of application: foliar Results: An increase of 10 tons per hectare, an increase in production of over 25%. Maize First Second Third Fourth Spray when the plant is around 10 cm in height Spray 10 days after the 1 st spray Spray 10 days after the 2 nd spray Spray 10 days after the 3 rd spray 0.5 L Examples of Product Benefits Where: Pereira, Colombia (Ingenio de Risaralda) Production before applying KaitoSol : 110 ton/ha Type of application: foliar Results: An increase of 44 ton per hectare of sugar cane and an increase of 4 tons per hectare of sugar. Sugar Cane Only mix with. Shake product before use. First Second Third Fourth Spray 20 days after sowing Spray 35 days after sowing Spray 50 days after sowing Spray 65 days after sowing 2 L

5 Where: Tolima, Colombia. Variety: Pastusa. Production before applying KaitoSol : 24 ton/ha. Type of application: foliar, biweekly (2 L/Ha). Results: 14 tons/ha increase (78% increase in yield). An increase in 35% of the weight of each potato and an increase in 32% in the number of potatoes per hectare. Phytophthora infestans presented itself, but it was treated with a fungicide. Therefore, the improvements seen in the trial are attributed to biostimulation. Potatoes Only mix with. Shake product before use. First Spray soil after sowing Second and followings (until harvest) Spray plant every two weeks 2 L Examples of Product Benefits Flowers Plant vigour has increased and a reduction of infections has been seen. In ornamentals, we have obtained a reduction in growth time by approximately 15%. Only mix with. Shake product before use. Spray approximately 1 meter away from the plant. Through the entire life cycle of the plant Spray plant weekly Ratio of KaitoSol to 400 ml per 100 liters of

6 The product has been used and tested in crops such as banana, oranges, kiwis, strawberries and cherries. The main benefits seen have been an increase in yield and decrease in disease. Fruits General Only mix with. Shake product before use. The application procedure described below is just for guidance. For a specific application procedure for your crop, please contact your distributor. First four treatments After the fourth treatment and for the rest of the life cycle of the plant Spray plants bi-weekly. Spray plants monthly. Ratio of KaitoSol to 300 ml per 100 liters of Examples of Product Benefits The product has been used and tested in crops such as brassicas, lettuces, onions, carrots and others. The main benefits seen have been an increase in yield and decrease in disease. Field Vegetables Only mix with. Shake product before use. The application procedure described below is just for guidance. For a specific application procedure for your crop, please contact your distributor. Treat during the entire life cycle of the plant Spray plant bi-weekly or weekly depending on the length of the life cycle of the plant.

7 The product has been used and tested in crops such as cucumbers, red peppers, chili peppers and tomatoes. The main benefits seen have been an increase in yield and decrease in disease. Greenhouse Vegetables Only mix with. Shake product before use. The application procedure described below is just for guidance. For a specific application procedure for your crop, please contact your distributor. First* Second* Third** Fourth to Seventh Eigth until end of harvest Spray soil after sowing Spray plant two weeks after sowing After transplanting, spray the soil and the plant Spray the plant every two weeks for two months Spray once a month Ratio of KaitoSol to 100 L of 800 ml 400 ml *If you don t have access to the plant at the propagation stage, ignore these applications. **If you don t have access to the plant at the propagation stage, start treatments at this stage. General Application Procedure The table below shows a general guidance of application frequency and dosage for the various types of crops. If your crop is not detailed in this brochure, please contact your distributor for a detailed application procedure. General TYPE OF CROP EXAMPLE FREQUENCY TYPE OF APPLICATION Trees or similar Fruit trees, palm oil 300 ml per 100 liters of Monthly Foliar Greenhouse vegetables Medium cycle crops Lettuce, tomatoes, cucumbers Rice, corn, wheat, etc ml per 100 liters of L/Ha 5 to 15 days interval depending on the crop s life cycle Apply 3 to 4 times in the first 2 to 3 months of the crops Foliar Foliar

8 PHYSICAL APPEARANCE PROPERTY Appearance Colour Odour Solubility Density (g/ cm 3 ) DESCRIPTION Liquid Clear brown Slight vinegar Soluble in 1.01 ph 5.0 CHEMICAL COMPOSITION COMPOUND Chitosan (g/l) Nitrogen - N (g/l) Potassium - K 2 O (g/l) Organic Carbon (g/l) CONCENTRATION With Active Chitosan Manufactured by info@kaitosol.com Web: Made in Malaysia