David W. Lockwood Univ. of TN/Univ. of GA 2/19/13. Caneberry Pruning

Transcription

1 David W. Lockwood Univ. of TN/Univ. of GA 2/19/13 Caneberry Pruning

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3 Pruning & Training are distinctly different operations, however, they are used together to achieve the desired results

4 Trellising Cane support Increased sunlight exposure, air movement, spray penetration throughout the canopy Easier management Cleaner picking results in reduced attraction to picnic, sap, June and Japanese beetles *for trailing & semi-erect cultivars, trellising is necessary to keep the fruit off the ground

5 Trellis Systems I - Trellis T- Trellis Rotating Crossarm Trellis

6 Pruning making cuts on a plant to: Increase fruit yield & quality Contain size (width & density) of planting Facilitate better sun, wind & spray penetration throughout the canopy Reduce pest pressure Increase ease of management

7 Pruning to Aid in Disease Control Rosette (Double Blossom)

8 Caneblight on Blackberry

9 Tip Floricane Lateral Branches Primocane Crown Bud Crown Perennial Roots

10 Caneberry Fruiting Floricane-bearing 1 st year: Vegetative growth of cane 2 nd year: Flowering & fruiting Cane death (most varieties of blackberries, black & purple raspberries, some red & yellow raspberries) Primocane-bearing 1 st year: Bear fruit in upper ⅓ to ½ of cane in late summer & fall Fruiting portion of cane dies in fall 2 nd year: Lower portion of cane fruits Entire cane dies after fruiting

11 Floricanes Primocanes

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13 Primocanes develops new shoots from basal buds of canes or from buds on roots in spring develops fruit buds in fall

14 Floricanes Bloom on short laterals Fruit Die

15 New Plantings Bare Root Root Section Tip Layer Tissue Cultured

16 Pomper et al. Erect & semierect varieties appear to be trailing during 1 st year

17 Tip Primocanes Remove Floricanes Pruning Promocane-Fruiting Caneberries (grown for multiple crops) Lateral Branching Summer Winter Floricanes bloom, Fruit & die Head Laterals. Remove laterals on lower of canes. Remove excess Canes, thin rows

18 Floricane Removal Prune at soil level Promote bud break from below the soil surface If canes are not cut low enough, Fruiting laterals may form on any remaining cane portion Fruiting laterals are not healthy May be entry points for pests

19 Floricane Removal Timing: After harvest Lessens disease carryover Easier to work with primocanes Late fall to winter Possible carbohydrate movement from floricane to crown

20 Topping Primocanes of Blackberry Allow primocanes to exceed desired height by 4 6 Pinch or cut out 4 to 6 of primocanes to Stiffen primocane Induce lateral branching Do several times over the summer Different growth rates of primocanes Small cuts heal faster

21 Tipping Primocanes During Summer Increases Lateral Branching

22 Pruning Summer

23 Winter Pruning of Lateral Branches Late winter Prune healthy laterals back to Remove laterals on lower of canes

24 Pruning Winter

25 Dormant Pruning - Blackberries Narrow rows to ~ at base Remove weak canes

26 Alternate Year Cropping Mow alternate halves of the field to the ground each winter Better primocane growth No competition between primocanes & floricanes Less interference of primocanes with floricanes during harvest

27 Alternate Year Cropping Increased primocane growth Heavier yields in floricane rows Easier management Reduced pruning costs Alternate row cropping increases air movement through planting Lessens pest carryover

28 Other Techniques Alternate year mowing with primocane suppression Removal of primocanes from row during fruiting year No floricane/primocane interference Primocane suppression without mowing Selective floricane thinning + Suppression or removal of primocanes when 6 8 inches tall

29 Primocane Suppression Advantages Increased fruit size & quality Increased production Reduced cane numbers Disadvantages Long-term reductions in stand vigor Expenses involved with primocane suppression or elimination Should not be done until planting is at least 3 years old Skip suppression every 3 rd to 4 th year

30 Primocane fruiting Blackberries Pomper et al

31 Primocane Fruiting Blackberries Initiate flower buds on terminal 1/3 to 1/2 of the primocane during 1st summer & fruit that fall Lower 1/2 to 2/3 portion of cane overwinters & produces a summer crop the 2nd year (also called everbearing or fall-fruiting) often grown for fall crop only

32 Advantages of Single Cropping System - Raspberry Cane thinning & detailed pruning & tying eliminated Cold injury of buds eliminate Winter damage from rabbits or voles eliminated Spur blight, anthracnose, cane blight & some other diseases & insects reduced Application of fertilizers, herbicides easier Can delay fruiting by mowing primocanes when ~ 1 ft. high

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34 Primocane Fruiting Blackberries in the Southeast Primocane crop is not large enough in hot areas to warrant growing for fall crop only Pruning practices for multiple crops are similar to that of floricane-bearing varieties

35 Special Thanks To: M. Bolda, M. Gaskell, E. Mitchum, & M. Cahn. Caneberry Production Manual. Univ. of CA. Pb3525 Kathy Demchak. Pruning and Trellising Brambles. Penn State Univ. Gina Fernandez. Blackberry Pruning in North Carolina, CEFS Kirk Pomper. Kentucky State University. Marvin Pritts. Pruning Raspberries and Blackberries. NY Berry News, Vol. 8 (4), 2009.

36 Photo by Jim Kamas, Texas A&M

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