Taking a Whack at Weed Control in Landscapes. Erik Draper, Commercial Horticulture Educator Ohio State University Extension- Geauga County
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1 Taking a Whack at Weed Control in Landscapes Erik Draper, Commercial Horticulture Educator Ohio State University Extension- Geauga County
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3 Authors: Uva, Neal and DiTomaso
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8 Out-compete desirable plants for: Sunshine Nutrients Water Space Often harbor injurious insects Serve as reservoirs for diseases Opportunistic invaders
9 Costly & difficult to control Some toxic to people & animals poison ivy wild cherry Decrease property value, aesthetics and land use multi-flora rose wild brambles Spread rapidly Deadly to happy, satisfied customers
10 To properly identify the weed Is it a monocot or dicot Is it an annual, perennial or biennial Are there desirable plants nearby
11 Parallel venation Leaf blade attached to sheath Stem shape rolled or flattened in bud Presence or absence and shape ligule membranous hairy auricles collar one seed (cotyledon) leaf
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15 Branched or net-like venation Large showy flowers Leaf arrangement alternate opposite whorled Stem- square, round, hollow, solid Leaf with margins, petioles Presence or absence of pubescence (hair) on leaf Two seed (cotyledons) leaves
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18 Dicots- Broadleaves Monocots- Grasses
19 Wild Onion & Garlic (Monocot) parallel venation Smooth, round, hollow leaves- Garlic Flat & solid- Onion (ramps) bulbous (& bulblets or bulbils) perennial Sedges (Monocot) parallel venation alternate or three-ranked leaves triangular stems
20 Wild garlic Wild onion
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23 Sedges have edges Rushes are round Grasses are hollow What have you found?
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25 Annual Perennial Biennial
26 From seed to seed in one year or less Dispersal mechanism- seeds galore Best method to disrupt annuals is Summer annual Winter annual One years seeding equals SEVEN YEARS WEEDING!
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28 Germinate in Spring or Summer Mature to produce flowers & seeds Late summer or early fall Release seeds before the first fall frost Die!
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34 Germinate late Summer through late winter Survive winter growing as small rosettes Resume & grow actively in Spring Flower & produce seed Release seeds late Spring or early Summer Die!
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39 Live longer than two years Dispersal mechanism- seeds stolons (above ground, horizontal stems) rhizomes (below ground, horizontal stems) corms bulbs tubers Most difficult to control
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41 Live for two years 1 st year- prostrate vegetative growth (rosette) 2 nd year- send up flower stalk and die Dispersal mechanism- primarily seed roots seedlings
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43 Mechanical Cultural Biological Chemical
44 Mowing Hand pulling Burning Steaming Plowing Rototilling
45 Shading Solarization Planting desirable competitive vegetation Site preparation Mulches Landscape fabric
46 Parasites Predators Pathogens Very slow process of management In fact, takes years and years
47 Weeds must be actively growing Weeds at susceptible growth stage Repeat applications may be necessary MUST FOLLOW LABEL DIRECTIONS
48 Selective Non-selective Contact Systemic Soil Sterilant
49 Selective affects certain species of plants Grasses (graminicide) Broadleaf Non-selective affects all species of plants
50 Contact affects only tissue the chemical contacts Systemic picked up by roots in waterstream OR translocated through plant Soil sterilant affect all plant types pre- and post
51 Pre-emergent herbicides applied and activated BEFORE weed seed germinates if seed germinated little to no affect doesn t kill dormant weed seeds Post emergent herbicides seedlings are large enough to intercept spray not effective on older weeds
52 Seedling Tender plant- very vulnerable Vegetative Massive uptake of nutrients and water Flower/Seed production Uptake reduced- energy channeled to flowers and fruit Maturity Minimal uptake and energy production
53 Chemical barrier created Adsorbed onto soil particles Inhibit chemical process of seedling/plant Chemical persistence affected by: clay content organic matter soil ph moisture level soil temperature
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55 Most oft ignored aspect of weed control Main reason for herbicide failures Incorporate/Activate immediately after application Herbicide degrades in sunlight on soil surface Irrigation best for activation (>1/4-1/2 ) Last resort- shallow cultivation
56 Grass herbicides (graminicide) Broadleaf herbicides Broad spectrum herbicides Mix of grass + broadleaf
57 Bensulide (Bensumec) EPTC (Eptam) Only a few chemicals used on seedling turf Mesotrione (Tenacity) Methylcyclohexyl- Siduron (Tupersan) Carfentrazone (QuickSilver) Quinclorac+carfentrazone (SquareOne) Pendimethalin (Pendulum; Pre-M) Metolachlor (Pennant Magnum)
58 Dithiopyr (Dimension)* Napropamide (Devrinol)* Oryzalin (Surflan)* Prodiamine (Barricade, Endurance)* Trifluralin (Treflan, Preen)* DCPA (Dacthal)* * controls certain annual broadleaf weeds
59 Isoxaben (Gallery) Oxadiazon (Ronstar) Oxyfluorfen (Goal) Strong on broadleaves & weak on grasses
60 Dichlobenil (Barrier, Casoron)** Benefin + oryzalin (XL2G) Benefin + trifluralin (Team Pro) Isoxaben + trifluralin (Snapshot) Oxadiazon + pendimethalin (Kansel+) Oxadiazon + prodiamine (RegalStar II) Oxadiazon + oxyfluorfen (Regal 0-0) Oxyfluorfen + oryzalin (Rout) Oxyfluorfen + pendimethalin (OH2 Orna.Herb.2) Trifluralin+isoxaben+oxyfluorfen (Showcase) ** best applied during cold weather
61 Contact thorough coverage of entire plant is critical (foliage, stem etc.) chemical disrupts cellular membrane integrity leak to death Translocation chemical moved into or throughout plant root uptake with water (xylem loaded) movement within plant (phloem loaded)
62 Only foliage contacted above ground dies Excellent control of annual weeds Most effective on small, recently germinated weeds (annual & perennial) All about excellent coverage NOT effective on established perennial weeds NO effect on tough perennial root systems
63 Glufosinate (Finale) Diquat dibromide (Diquat SPC 2L, Reward) Pelargonic acid (Scythe) [soft pesticide] Potassium salts of fatty acids (Safer soaps- Sharpshooter, etc.) Acetic acid (BurnOut) Acetic acid + citric acid + clove oil (BurnOut II)
64 Requires weeds be ALIVE & ACTIVELY growing Ideal for killing tough perennial weeds Coverage critical to obtain control both plants and/or area No distinction between good (desirable ornamental plants) & bad (weeds) Weeds with extensive root systems will require multiple treatments Useful for spot treatments
65 Conditions favoring weed growth will also improve herbicide efficacy adequate soil moisture- no drought stress moderate temperatures maximum sunlight Absorbed by foliage and other green (photosynthetically active) tissues Move throughout plant along with photosynthates Translocated to growing points to affect roots and shoots
66 Clethodim (Envoy) Chlorsulfuron (Corsair) Sethoxydim (Vantage, Poast, Segment) Fluazifop (Ornamec, Fusilade II) Glyphosate (RoundUp Pro/Ultra) RoundUp like generics- Glyfos, etc. CAUTION- same active ingredient but different surfactants, adjuvants, safeners, etc.
67 Bentazon (Basagran) Clopyralid (Lontrel)? ** Triclopyr Imazaquin- (Image) 2,4-D, MCPP, MCPA Glyphosate (RoundUp Pro/Ultra) RoundUp like generics- Glyfos, etc. CAUTION- same active ingredient but different surfactants, adjuvants, safeners, etc. ** issues of persistence
68 Imazaquin- (Image) Glyphosate + dithiopyr Glyphosate + imazaquin
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70 Pre-emergent EPTC (Eptam)- yellow Metolachlor (Pennant Magnum)- yellow Post emergent Bentazon (Basagran) yellow & annual sedges Halosulfuron (SedgeHammer) yellow & purple [Manage] Imazaquin- (Image)- yellow & purple
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72 Ancient plant Treat like a sedge Post emergent Bentazon (Basagran) yellow & annual sedges Halosulfuron (SedgeHammer) yellow & purple [Manage] Imazaquin- (Image)- yellow & purple
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74 Pre- and Post emergent Imazaquin- (Image) Post emergent Chlorsulfuron (Corsair)
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76 For control of Annual Grasses, Annual Sedges & Annual Broadleaf Weeds, In Production Nursery Ornamentals Including in-ground & pot-in-pot container grown ornamentals Conifers, Christmas Trees, Greenhouse Floors, Production Sites & Hardscapes
77 Corn gluten can be a weed preventative Application rates/coverage is critical Works on all seeds Do not use near garden Nice job of fertilizing your yard too Note: product will have no effect on already sprouted weeds
COMMERCIAL NURSERY and LANDSCAPES
PRE-EMERGENCE HERBICIDES: benefin + oryzalin @ 4.0-6.0 lb /A XL 2 G @200-300 lb/a or 4.5-7 lb/1000 sq. ft. Annual grasses and some May be used in commercial nursery production and landscape beds. Several
Weed control strategy designed to suppress infestation Have to take advantage of differences between weeds and desired plant
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