21/07/58. Module 3. Bacteria. Some Nutrient Exchanges in Nature. Growing more fish and plants for human consumption and enjoyment N 2.

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Aerate water in gravel beds Aid biofiltration What else do Grow beds do? Grow plants Collect solids Host earthworms Convert Ammonia Cost?

1 Module 3 Growing more fish and plants for human consumption and enjoyment Review: Module 2 - Beds, Filters What are the bed filter types? Ebb and Flow Flow through River bed Deep gravel Strawberry tower NFT Nutrient Film Technique/wick DWC Deep water culture Raft method Hanging Raft Floating ferns What does the bell siphon do? Aerate water in gravel beds Aid biofiltration What else do Grow beds do? Grow plants Collect solids Host earthworms Convert Ammonia Cost? First Prototype Develop safe reliable system using one pump Utilize gravity Understand head, hp to watts to kwh to cost GFIC required Understanding dissolved oxygen Venturi Sheeting Use Flow form aeration where ever possible Understanding filtration Gravel beds for trapping solids and also for additional biofiltration Ebb and flow Build simple bell siphon prototype Flow through beds NFT- Nutrient film technique Low cost main biofilter Plants are for Nitrate removal Ammonia removal CO 2 / carbonic acid production Meet plant fertilizer needs Grow plants in soil if not aquatic Soil based plants - vermicast, cocopeat Dependant on capillary action of potting soil we have ideal materials TAN BOD Solids NH 3 NH 4 + NO 2 NO 3 H + Bacteria Inert Solids N 2 CO 2 O 2 Denitrification Nitrification Ion Balance Gas Stripping Mineralization Alkalinity Addition BOD Reduction Dissolved Refractory Management Aeration Solids Removal Modified version from Ronald F. Malone, Dept of Civil Engineering, Louisiana State University Some Nutrient Exchanges in Nature CO 2 Abiotic components are such physical and chemical factors of an ecosystem as light, temperature, atmosphere gases (nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide are the most important), water, wind, soil. waste produced by fish O 2 Ammonia NH 4 + (50% + secreted through gills and urine) fecal matter Ammonium NH 3 Biofiltration Nitrifying bacteria (Nitrosomonas bacteria) Mineralization Heterotrophic bacteria consumes fish waste, decaying plant matter No 2 - and uneaten food, converting all nitrite three to ammonia and other compounds. NO Biofilters perform optimally at a (Nitrobacter) 3 - temperature range of 77 to 86 F (25-30 ºC), a ph range of 7.0 to nitrate 9.0, Saturated DO, low BOD (<20 mg/liter) and total alkalinity of 100 mg/liter O 2 CO 2 Biotic Components The living organisms that are in an ecosystem. Autotrophs produce their own organic nutrients for themselves and other members of the community; called the producers. two kinds of autotrophs, Chemautotrophs are bacteria that obtain energy by oxidizing inorganic compounds such as ammonia, nitrites, and sulfides, and they use this energy to synthesize carbohydrates. Photoautotrophs are photosynthesizers such as algae and green plants that produce most of the organic nutrients for the biosphere. Heterotrophs, consumers unable to produce, are constantly looking for source of organic nutrients from elsewhere. Herbivores like grass carp graze directly on plants or algae. Carnivores like trout feed on other animals; Omnivores like tilapia feed on plants and animals. Detritivores are organisms that rely on detritus, the decomposing particles of organic matter, for food. Earthworms, beetles, termites, and maggots are all terrestrial detritivores. Nonphotosynthetic bacteria and fungi, including mushrooms, are decomposers that carry out decomposition, the breakdown of dead organic matter, including animal waste. Decomposers perform a very valuable service by releasing inorganic substances that are taken up by plants 1

Putrid matter rots, decays Preserves, pickles, ferments Resident Pathogens Destroy

Lose nitrogen Wastes energy Makes pollution Causes odors Spreads disease Fix Nitrogen

Bed types for plant types Soil based Plants get soil Water based plants get gravel

AND DRAIN NFT NUTRIENT FILM TECHNIQUE SRM SIMULATED RIVER METHOD Wick System CAPILLARY

Culture Solids Removal Settled solids Suspended solids Biofilter Grow Medium: Perlite,

2 Putrid matter rots, decays Preserves, pickles, ferments Resident Pathogens Destroy Creates methane gas, sulfides Introduced Microbes Guide Prevents methane gas, sulfides Lose nitrogen Wastes energy Makes pollution Causes odors Spreads disease Fix Nitrogen Conserves energy Makes fertilizer Minimizes odors Prevents disease Full time security Bed types for plant types Soil based Plants get soil Water based plants get gravel Floating Plants get to Float Grow Bed types Conventional Aquaponics Ebb and flow FLOOD AND DRAIN NFT NUTRIENT FILM TECHNIQUE SRM SIMULATED RIVER METHOD Wick System CAPILLARY ACTION DWC DEEP WATER CULTURE/Raft method SWC SHALLOW WATER CULTURE/Hanging Raft method Culture Solids Removal Settled solids Suspended solids Biofilter Grow Medium: Perlite, rock wool, coir, peat, synthetic Hydroponic Subsystem Plants Grown in soil less medium Sump Raft method--dwc NFT 2

3 Additional biofiltration For rafts (Deep water culture) Please ignore the man behind the curtain Additional biofiltration For rafts (Deep water culture) Additional biofiltration High head 3

4 $.09 (4 peso) start plugs Compressed Bark Biofiltration Bacci tower installed Dr. Patty Ortega Puerto Princesa City, Palawan, Philippines Keith Mikkelson Aloha House 4

Install batchi tower with live culture ASAP

Aloha House Aloha House Double Clarifier

Sump Settle suspended solids, don t trap

solids Sump Settled Solids Catchment Only

5 Install batchi tower with live culture ASAP Install batchi tower with live culture ASAP Rented batchi tower with live culture from Aloha House Rented batchi tower with live culture from Aloha House Install batchi tower with live culture ASAP Double Clarifier Solids settle Rented batchi tower with live culture from Aloha House Vortex Filter Sump Settle suspended solids, don t trap them Vortex Filter WT 1500 Gravity Settled solids Sump Settled Solids Catchment Only necessary if gravel beds are limited Aloha House 5

6 Settle able solids filtration Aloha House Settle able solids filtration Aloha House Suspended solids filtration Hanging Raft Method Aloha House Suspended solids filtration Aloha House Ferro cement Baht 1,200.00/sq. m Aloha House Aloha House 6

Combined Aquaponics Grow Medium: Perlite, rock wool, coir, peat, synthetic.

Sump Settled solids Suspended solids Plants Grown in soil less medium DWC

7 Combined Aquaponics Grow Medium: Perlite, rock wool, coir, peat, synthetic. Supplemental Aeration Culture Solids Removal Biofilter Hydroponic Subsystem Sump Settled solids Suspended solids Plants Grown in soil less medium DWC Floating Raft Method Raft method--dwc NFT Aloha House Resun LP 100 Diaphragm air pump approx. P6, APP JKH-150 water pump with GFIC (any pumps comparable must have) approx. P6, Air 100 watts Water 150 watts Remove unnecessary air filters to preserve Diaphragms Air 100 watts Resun LP 100 Diaphragm air pump approx. P6, DWC Suspended Raft Method DWC Floating Raft Method Aloha House 7

8 Hanging Raft Method Aloha House DWC Suspended Raft Method Aloha House Second bed prototype NFT (Nutrient Film Technique) NFT Plants Starts Grown in soil, compost etc. 8

Advanced Aquaponics Grow Medium: Gravel for Flood and Drain Potting soil (Wick) for

Aquaponics Ebb and Flow Grow Medium: Gravel for Flood and Drain Potting soil or

9 Advanced Aquaponics Grow Medium: Gravel for Flood and Drain Potting soil (Wick) for Raft and NFT NFT Culture Solids Removal Biofilter Hydroponic Subsystem Sump Plants Starts Grown in soil, compost etc. Flood and Drain--Ebb and Flow Flow Through Recycle Re-use Reduce Convenient Aquaponics Ebb and Flow Grow Medium: Gravel for Flood and Drain Potting soil or blocks (Wick) for NFT Fish Culture in Sump Solids Removal Biofilter Hydroponic Subsystem Plants Grown in soil, compost etc. Flood and Drain 9

10 Flow Through River Strawberry tower Conversion Beds Raised Soil Beds to Cement Ebb and Flow Flow Through Tower Convenient Aquaponics F.I.S.T. Grow Medium: Gravel for Flood and Drain Potting soil or blocks (Wick) for NFT Ebb and Flow Fish Culture in Sump 3/4 Gravel for Flood and Drain Ebb and Flow 10

Test prototype before you install Bacci tower prototype 4 produce crates

Exchanges in Nature Supply distribution manifold loop waste produced by fish

through gills and urine) Ammonium NH 3 Biofiltration Nitrifying bacteria

waste, decaying plant matter and uneaten food, converting all three to ammonia

86 F, a ph range of 7.0 to 9.0, No 2 - O 2 CO 2 compounds.

11 Test prototype before you install Bacci tower prototype 4 produce crates Supply distribution manifold loop Bacci tower installed Some Nutrient Exchanges in Nature Supply distribution manifold loop waste produced by fish Suspended solids filter CO 2 O 2 fecal matter Ammonia NH 4 + (50% + secreted through gills and urine) Ammonium NH 3 Biofiltration Nitrifying bacteria Mineralization (Nitrosomonas bacteria) Heterotrophic bacteria consumes fish waste, decaying plant matter and uneaten food, converting all three to ammonia and other Biofilters perform optimally at a temperature range of 77 to nitrite 86 F, a ph range of 7.0 to 9.0, No 2 - O 2 CO 2 compounds. Saturated DO, low BOD (<20 mg/liter) and total alkalinity of 100 mg/liter (Nitrobacter) NO 3 - Bacci tower installed nitrate 11

12 Block and tackle lift Bacci tower Low blockage high surface area Block and tackle lift Solids filter cartridge Bacci tower 12

13 Herb Production Ebb and Flow Nutrient Film Bed Ebb and Flow FNS Fishwater Nutrient Solution FNS Fishwater Nutrient Solution FNS Fishwater Nutrient Solution FNS Fishwater Nutrient Solution 13

Aloha Gourmet Salad Arugula Gotocola Dandelion

leaves Yellow amaranth Green leaf lettuce

algae, blanket weed Spirogyra, Anabaena,

Grow your own feed String Algae Grow your own

14 Aloha Gourmet Salad Arugula Gotocola Dandelion Watercress Red lettuce Anjin flowers Cosmos leaves Yellow amaranth Green leaf lettuce Aeration Flow Forms filamentous algae, hair algae, blanket weed Spirogyra, Anabaena, Oscillatoria, Lyngbya, Pithophora spp. Grow your own feed String Algae Grow your own feed String Algae Grow your own feed String Algae Grow your own feed Blanket Algae 14

15 Aeration Flow Forms Aeration Flow Forms Aeration Flow Forms Aeration Flow Forms Aeration Flow Forms Aeration Flow Forms 15

16 Aeration Flow Form Production Aeration Flow Forms Venturi Water/Air out Directional Vortex Water/Air Air in Air in Air stone Water in Water in Pond bottom Aeration vortex Single Motor Aeration Lower pressure Higher pressure Eductor type air jet - Venturi Commercial Venturi Eductor type air jet 16

17 Red Tilapia Sheeting Fish require aerated water rich in oxygen and free of poisons Culture Types Pond Cage Lettuce Cage Culture in a recirculating pond system Culture Types Pond Cage in cement pond Culture Types Pond Cage in lake 17

Types Pond Cage Constant Height One Pump

level High Oxygen Water Sump Fry Nursery

Detritus Low Oxygen Water Settled Solids

18 Culture Types Pond Cage Culture Types Pond Cage in lake Culture Types Pond Cage Culture Types Pond Cage Culture Types Pond Cage Constant Height One Pump System Culture Types Pond Cage Water level High Oxygen Water Sump Fry Nursery Fingerling Nursery Settled Solids and Detritus Low Oxygen Water Settled Solids and Detritus pump 18

19 Constant Height One Pump System Water level High Oxygen Water Sump Settled Solids and Detritus Low Oxygen Water Settled Solids and Detritus pump Observation Filter with Bell Siphon CHOPS w/ venturi Culture Types Pond Cage 200 L grow out tank Ref liner Culture Types Pond Cage 300 L grow out tank Culture Types Pond Cage Culture Types Pond Cage 19

Culture Types Pond Cage Culture Types Pond Cage

Feeding Green Water Culture compost Gills covered

kilo N 1-2 Kilo P Tilapia Intestine High O 2

5 m 30cm protein Vertical column of Phytoplankton

White arrows show path of feed when fish are fed

20 Culture Types Pond Cage Culture Types Pond Cage High protein vegetative feed --Azzolla-- Timed Feeding Green Water Culture compost Gills covered With membrane To digest algae Daily Per hectare 4 kilo N 1-2 Kilo P Tilapia Intestine High O 2 Stomach 1 to 1.5 m 30cm protein Vertical column of Phytoplankton hotter Stomach and intestine of tilapia. White arrows show path of feed when fish are fed before the stomach empties. Tan arrows show path of feed when fish are fed at proper intervals. Low O 2 cooler 20

Aquaponics compost Daily Per hectare 4 kilo N 1-2 Kilo P Gills covered With membrane To digest algae Tilapia Humic Substances High O 2 1 to 1.

$Humin--the alkali-insoluble fraction of leonardite. (The usage of this term does not correspond exactly with the usage by other workers.).$ Humic substances--(plural) the collective name for the acid radicals found in humic matter. Typically separated from humic matter by alkaline extraction.

Humic substances--(plural) the collective name for the acid radicals found in humic matter. Typically separated from humic matter by alkaline extraction.

Humate--the salts of humic acids, collectively, or the salts of humic acid specifically. (The usage must be determined from the context.

Leonardite--a soft brown coal-like deposit usually found in conjunction with deposits of lignite. Lignite--a type of soft coal.

21 Aquaponics compost Daily Per hectare 4 kilo N 1-2 Kilo P Gills covered With membrane To digest algae Tilapia Humic Substances High O 2 1 to 1.5 m 30cm protein Vertical column of Phytoplankton hotter Low O 2 Hard to grow enough algae cooler Water Additive Fish appetite stimulant Anti viral properties Increases microbial activity Stabilizes soil nutrients Humic Substances Terminology of Humus-related Materials Humus--product resulting from decay of organic matter. Contains both humic and non-humic material. Humin--the alkali-insoluble fraction of leonardite. (The usage of this term does not correspond exactly with the usage by other workers.). Humic substances--(plural) the collective name for the acid radicals found in humic matter. Typically separated from humic matter by alkaline extraction. Humic acid--(singular) the acid radical found in humic matter which is soluble in alkali but insoluble in acid, methyl ethyl ketone, and methyl alcohol. Humate--the salts of humic acids, collectively, or the salts of humic acid specifically. (The usage must be determined from the context.) Fulvic acid--the acid radical found in humic matter which is soluble in alkali, acid, methyl ethyl ketone, and methyl alcohol. Fulvates--the salts of fulvic acid. Leonardite--a soft brown coal-like deposit usually found in conjunction with deposits of lignite. Lignite--a type of soft coal. Water Additive Fish appetite stimulant Anti viral properties Increases microbial activity Stabilizes soil nutrients Liquid Compost Factor A composition comprising plant growth regulating substances which composition is a sterilized culture filtrate recovered from a culture of the spawn of a Basidiomycete fungus incubated in a medium containing at least 10% available carbohydrate in the presence of long wavelength light, and in the substantial absence of agitation, wherein said medium has a BRIX value of and further contains potassiumion and carotene, and wherein said filtrate is the liquid portion of said culture from which proteins have been denatured and removed, wherein said medium comprises molasses and/or pineapple or papaya syrup or juice. P.G.R. Plant Growth Regulator Seaweed Extracts Seaweed extracts contain natural plant growth regulators (PGR) which control the growth and structural development of plants. The major plant growth regulator are auxins, cytokinins, indoles and hormones. These PGRs seaweed are in very small quantities generally measured in parts per million. It only takes a very small amount of these to do the job. Indole compounds help the development of plant roots and buds. Cytokinins are hormones that promote growth via rapidly speeding up the process of cell division making seaweed extract of value in treating tissue cultures. When they are applied to foliage the leaves rejuvenate stimulating photosynthesis. Thus they stay green longer. The cytokinins in seaweed extract are a major factor when applied to apple and peach trees in promoting the growth of fruiting spurs and reduce premature dropping of fruit. Auxins, also hormones, occur in the roots and stems during cell division. They move to areas of cell elongation where they allow the walls of cells to stretch. Auxins actually give fruits and vegetables a naturally longer shelf life. This is known as delaying senescense: the deterioration of cells and tissues that results in rotting. Neem Detritus P.G.R. Plant Growth Regulator Water Additive Anti viral properties Azadiractin tetranortriterpenoid 21

22 EM F.R.W. Fermented Rice Wash Hugas bigas 1/2 K Nile Tilapia 1 Kilo Nile Tilapia 1 Kilo Nile Tilapia 1/3 Kilo Nile Tilapia Turtleponics 22

23 Fry stage Turtleponics Culture tanks --Unicellular Algae-- Fry stage Fingerling stage Blanket Algae Grow your own feed: Duckweed Fingerling stage Fingerling stage Grow your own feed: Duckweed Grow your own feed: Duckweed 23

24 Fingerling stage Grow your own feed Duckweed Azolla caroliniana Fingerling stage Grower stage Grower stage Grow your own feed Azolla, duck weed, salvania Grow your own feed String Algae Moist non-fluid EM fermented feed mix Mind your fingers 24

Collect in 2 liter scooper Distribute to drying

Food/ Pond Food Organisms Extensive Fertilize

Weed, Bulati, Some Feed Grow your own feed

Feeding Intensive Pelletized Ferments or

25 Collect in 2 liter scooper Distribute to drying rack Finishing stage Feeding Strategies Natural Food/ Pond Food Organisms Extensive Fertilize water, grow algae Semi Intensive Azolla, Duck Weed, Bulati, Some Feed Grow your own feed Floating feed Stocking Densities Artificial Feeding Intensive Pelletized Ferments or Commercial Feed Azolla is feed for tilapia and hogs Cosmos 25

26 Manure collection weekly Potting Mix for capillary action 1 part Soil 1 part Sand 1 part Cocopeat 1 part Vermicast 1 part CRH - Uling na ipa Peat Production Peat Production Grade 1 Back to Potting anaerobic Mix process for capillary action 1 part Soil 1 part Sand 1 part Cocopeat 1 part Vermicast 1 part Uling na ipa Grade 2 Back to anaerobic process Grade 3 26

Algae tank life zooplankton, insect eggs, larva large bodied animals mosquito larvae and bloodworms

present in clumps of up to 300 laying to hatching takes 1 day Larva - 1st instar Initially feeds on

instar moves around in maggot mass first moult to second moult takes 1 day Larva - 3rd instar still

Pre-pupa migrates away from the corpse seeking a suitable pupation site, (usually in soil) Eats with

within puparium undergoes transformation from larval body form adult fly does not feed pupa to

lays eggs on corpse emergence to egg laying takes 2 days 9 day cycle to Pupae 19 day cycle to

27 Algae tank life zooplankton, insect eggs, larva large bodied animals mosquito larvae and bloodworms which come from midges, nymphs and larvae from damsel and dragon fly, springtail and mayfly Eggs present in clumps of up to 300 laying to hatching takes 1 day Larva - 1st instar Initially feeds on fluid exuded from the matter migrates into body hatching to first moult takes 1 day Larva - 2nd instar moves around in maggot mass first moult to second moult takes 1 day Larva - 3rd instar still moves in mass greatly increases in size second molt to pre-pupa takes 2 days 2 Juvenile fly Pre-pupa migrates away from the corpse seeking a suitable pupation site, (usually in soil) Eats with mouth does not feed and vomit transforms into pupa 10 pre-pupa to pupa takes 4 days 4 2 Pupa resides within puparium undergoes transformation from larval body form adult fly does not feed pupa to emergence takes 10 days Adult fly mates on emergence from pupa feeds on protein from body fluids lays eggs on corpse emergence to egg laying takes 2 days 9 day cycle to Pupae 19 day cycle to adulthood These development times are generalized. They vary depending on the species and the temperature. 2 week lifespan 27

Size comparison Blow Fly Eats with mouth and vomit The Black Soldier Fly Grub

Eat Does not have mouth or vomit The Black Soldier Fly Grub Culture (Hermetia

Grow your own Feed The Black Soldier Fly Grub Culture (Hermetia illucens) The Black

28 Size comparison Blow Fly Eats with mouth and vomit The Black Soldier Fly Grub Culture (Hermetia illucens) The Black Soldier Fly BSF (Hermetia illucens) Does not Eat Does not have mouth or vomit The Black Soldier Fly Grub Culture (Hermetia illucens) The Black Soldier Fly Grub Culture (Hermetia illucens) Grow your own Feed Grow your own Feed The Black Soldier Fly Grub Culture (Hermetia illucens) The Black Soldier Fly Grub Culture (Hermetia illucens) 35º 35º Grow your own Feed Grow your own Feed 28

Actively feeding grubs will secrete a natural fly repellant called a synomone (an interspecies, chemical communication) that alerts and warns other kinds of flies to stay away

auto-collecting side bucket continually harvests grubs 35º Grow your own Feed body filler Pair of angled, 35 migration ramps allow for natural migration and auto-separation screw

Liquid Plant Fertilizer (dilute 20:1) Ramp detail wood spacer crawl-off. Ramps converge at top into a single vertical exit port.

ramps allow for natural migration and auto-separation of grubs. Inner edge of 1" ramps possess a raised lip to guide grubs and optimize crawl-off.

29 Actively feeding grubs will secrete a natural fly repellant called a synomone (an interspecies, chemical communication) that alerts and warns other kinds of flies to stay away from the food, since BSF are already present The Black Soldier Fly Grub Culture (Hermetia illucens) Grow your own Feed The Black Soldier Fly Grub Culture (Hermetia illucens) auto-collecting side bucket continually harvests grubs 35º Grow your own Feed body filler Pair of angled, 35 migration ramps allow for natural migration and auto-separation screw of grubs. Inner edge of 1" ramps possess a raised lip to guide grubs and optimize Uses for Liquid Tea 1. Natural Filth Fly Repellent 2. Female Attractant for Restarting Colony 3. Liquid Plant Fertilizer (dilute 20:1) Ramp detail wood spacer crawl-off. Ramps converge at top into a single vertical exit port. The Black Soldier Fly Grub Culture (Hermetia illucens) The Black Soldier Fly Grub Culture (Hermetia illucens) Grow your own Feed Grow your own Feed Pair of angled, 35 migration ramps allow for natural migration and auto-separation of grubs. Inner edge of 1" ramps possess a raised lip to guide grubs and optimize crawl-off. Ramps converge at top into a single vertical exit port. Leachate collection Grow your own Feed Grow your own Feed Grubs Phoenix worms Female Egg Depository The Black Soldier Fly Grub Culture (Hermetia illucens) The Black Soldier Fly Grub Culture (Hermetia illucens) 29

Blow Fly Control (Filth Fly) (House Fly) (Bottle Fly) Juvenile

Grub Culture (Hermetia illucens) Actively feeding grubs will

interspecies, chemical communication) that alerts and warns other

present Does not Eat Does not have mouth and vomit EM Floating

Female Attractant for Restarting Colony 3.

30 Blow Fly Control (Filth Fly) (House Fly) (Bottle Fly) Juvenile fly Blow Fly Control Egg Maggot Pupae Adult The Black Soldier Fly Grub Culture (Hermetia illucens) Actively feeding grubs will secrete a natural fly repellant called a synomone (an interspecies, chemical communication) that alerts and warns other kinds of flies to stay away from the food, since BSF are already present Does not Eat Does not have mouth and vomit EM Floating Feed Blocks Uses for Liquid Tea 1. Natural Filth Fly Repellent 2. Female Attractant for Restarting Colony 3. Liquid Plant Fertilizer (dilute 20:1) EM Floating Feed Blocks Wet mix, tight compression and complete drying 30

31 EM Floating Feed Blocks Grow Azolla to lower cost of feed EM Floating Feed Pellets EM Floating Feed Pellets EM Floating Feed Pellets Sun Dried Feed Made with pelletizer Fixed feeder 31

32 ALOHA RANCH and ORGANIC FARM Macarascas ALOHA RANCH and ORGANIC FARM Macarascas ALOHA RANCH and ORGANIC FARM Macarascas ALOHA RANCH and ORGANIC FARM Macarascas ALOHA RANCH and ORGANIC FARM Macarascas 32

33 ALOHA RANCH and ORGANIC FARM Macarascas ALOHA RANCH and ORGANIC FARM Macarascas ALOHA RANCH and ORGANIC FARM Macarascas 33

21/07/58. Module 2. 50g/m x 3.8L/g x 60m/hr = 11,400 L/hr. Calibration - calculate actual volume/hr. Head

21/07/58. Module 2. 50g/m x 3.8L/g x 60m/hr = 11,400 L/hr. Calibration - calculate actual volume/hr. Head Module 2 Growing more fish and plants for human consumption and enjoyment Review: Module 1 - Overview What is the rate of flow for a tank or pond? Volume 2x/hr. starting Eventually 1x/hr. 1,000 liter fish