Tetrapanax papyriferus (rice paper plant)

Transcription

1 Australia/New Zealand Weed Risk Assessment adapted for Florida. Data used for analysis published in: Gordon, D.R., D.A. Onderdonk, A.M. Fox, R.K. Stocker, and C. Gantz. 28. Predicting Invasive Plants in Florida using the Australian Weed Risk Assessment. Invasive Plant Science and Management : Tetrapanax papyriferus (rice paper plant) Question number Question Answer Score. Is the species highly domesticated? n.2 Has the species become naturalised where grown?.3 Does the species have weedy races? 2. Species suited to Florida's USDA climate zones (-low; -intermediate; 2-high) Quality of climate match data (-low; -intermediate; 2-high) Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility) n 2.4 Native or naturalized in habitats with periodic inundation 2.5 Does the species have a history of repeated introductions outside its natural y range? 3. Naturalized beyond native range y 3.2 Garden/amenity/disturbance weed n 3.3 Weed of agriculture n 3.4 Environmental weed n 3.5 Congeneric weed n 4. Produces spines, thorns or burrs n 4.2 Allelopathic n 4.3 Parasitic n 4.4 Unpalatable to grazing animals 4.5 Toxic to animals n 4.6 Host for recognised pests and pathogens n 4.7 Causes allergies or is otherwise toxic to humans n 4.8 Creates a fire hazard in natural ecosystems n 4.9 Is a shade tolerant plant at some stage of its life cycle y 4. Grows on infertile soils (oligotrophic, limerock, or excessively draining soils) y 4. Climbing or smothering growth habit n 4.2 Forms dense thickets y? 5. Aquatic n

2 5.2 Grass n 5.3 Nitrogen fixing woody plant n 5.4 Geophyte 6. Evidence of substantial reproductive failure in native habitat 6.2 Produces viable seed y 6.3 Hybridizes naturally 6.4 Self-compatible or apomictic n 6.5 Requires specialist pollinators n 6.6 Reproduction by vegetative fragmentation y 6.7 Minimum generative time (years) 7. Propagules likely to be dispersed unintentionally (plants growing in heavily trafficked areas) 7.2 Propagules dispersed intentionally by people y 7.3 Propagules likely to disperse as a produce contaminant n 7.4 Propagules adapted to wind dispersal n 7.5 Propagules water dispersed n 7.6 Propagules bird dispersed y 7.7 Propagules dispersed by other animals (externally) n 7.8 Propagules dispersed by other animals (internally) y 8. Prolific seed production Evidence that a persistent propagule bank is formed (> yr) 8.3 Well controlled by herbicides 8.4 Tolerates, or benefits from, mutilation or cultivation y 8.5 Effective natural enemies present in Florida, or east of the continental divide Total Score 6 Outcome Evaluate* *Used secondary screen from: Daehler, C. C., J.L. Denslow, S. Ansari, and H. Kuo. 24. A risk assessment system for screening out harmful invasive pest plants from Hawaii s and other Pacific islands. Conserv. Biol. 8:

3 section # questions answered satisfy minimum? A 7 yes B yes C 5 yes total 33 yes Data collected Question number Reference Source data. cultivated, but no evidence of selection for reduced weediness Dehgan, B. (998) Landscape Plants for Subtropical 2. New Zealand Plant Conservation Network (25) New Zealand Adventive Vascular Plant List Huxley (992) The New Royal Horticultural Society 3. New Zealand Plant Conservation Network (25) New Zealand Adventive Vascular Plant List. native to Taiwan or south China (); naturalized in New Zealand (2) "It also has strong ornamental qualities, a shrub or small tree with umbrella-like form and huge, fan-like leaves it may be grown for exotic tropical effects in shrub borders and shelter belts" fully naturalized in New Zealand 3.2 no evidence 3.3 no evidence 3.4 no evidence 3.5 no evidence 4. Dehgan, B. (998) Landscape Plants for Subtropical no description of these traits 4.2 no evidence 4.3 Dehgan, B. (998) Landscape Plants for Subtropical no description of this no evidence 4.6 Gilman (999) Tetrapanax papyriferus. FPS-576, University of Florida, IFAS Extension ( 4.7 no evidence 4.8 no evidence No serious pests or diseases of major concern. 3

4 4.9. Dehgan, B. (998) Landscape Plants for Subtropical 2. Horticopia Dehgan, B. (998) Landscape Plants for Subtropical 4. Dehgan, B. (998) Landscape Plants for Subtropical 4.2 Huxley (992) The New Royal Horticultural Society 5. terrestrial 5.2 USDA, NRCS. 25. The PLANTS Database, Version 3.5 ( Data compiled from various sources by Mark W. Skinner. National Plant Data Center, Baton Rouge, LA USA. Araliaceae 5.3 USDA, NRCS. 25. The PLANTS Database, Version 3.5 ( Data compiled from various sources by Mark W. Skinner. National Plant Data Center, Baton Rouge, LA USA. Araliaceae Dehgan, B. (998) Landscape Plants for Subtropical 2. Huxley (992) The New Royal Horticultural Society Dictionary of Gardening. The MacMillan Press, Machado, Giannotti, and de Oliveira (988) Flowering entomofauna in Tetrapanax papyriferus Koch (Araliaceae). Revista Brasileira de Biologia 48: Machado, Giannotti, and de Oliveira (988) Flowering entomofauna in Tetrapanax papyriferus Koch (Araliaceae). Revista Brasileira de Biologia 48: Dehgan, B. (998) Landscape Plants for Subtropical 2. Huxley (992) The New Royal Horticultural Society Dictionary of Gardening. The MacMillan Press, Huxley (992) The New Royal Horticultural Society. full sun or partial shade 2. exposure: full shade; "thriving in full sun or shade" "Grown on a wide range of soils." shrub or small tree "Tetrapanax often creates running, suckering thickets of growth which may crowd its less rampant neighbours.". propagate by seed 2. "Propagate from seed in autumn" T. papyriferus was found to be obligately xenogamous - it was not exhibit agamospermy, and autogamous and geitonogamous pollination did not result in fruit production. Wasps and bees were found to be important pollinators of T. papyriferus.. "Plants form from rhizomes, often at great distances from the trunk"; propagate by sucker division 2. "Propagate by rooted sucker in spring and summer". "It also has strong ornamental qualities, a shrub or small tree with umbrella-like form and huge, fan-like leaves it may be grown for exotic tropical effects in shrub borders and shelter belts" 4

5 7.3 no evidence 7.4 fruits are small globular drupes Dehgan, B. (998) Landscape Plants for Subtropical [no evidence of adaptations to wind dispersal] 7.5 no evidence 7.6 fleshy fruit 7.7 fruits are small globular drupes Dehgan, B. (998) Landscape Plants for Subtropical [no evidence of any means of attachment] 7.8 fleshy fruit "In colder areas the top growth Huxley (992) The New Royal Horticultural Society may be cut back to ground level during the winter to shoot again in the spring." 8.5 5