Arlington & Putnam Heights, Dells Park & Riverview, and Upper Westside Neighborhoods

Transcription

1 City of Eau Claire, Wisconsin Arlington & Putnam Heights, Dells Park & Riverview, and Upper Westside Neighborhoods Including the Southeast Portion of the Third Ward Neighborhood, Blocks of Hoover Avenue, and the Immanuel Lutheran College Campus Architectural and Historical Intensive Survey Report By Robert Short, Associate AIA Rowan Davidson, Associate AIA & Jennifer L. Lehrke, AIA, LEED AP, NCARB Legacy Architecture, Inc. 605 Erie Avenue, Suite 101 Sheboygan, Wisconsin Project Director Joseph R. DeRose, Survey & Registration Historian Wisconsin Historical Society Division of Historic Preservation Public History 816 State Street Madison, Wisconsin Sponsoring Agency Wisconsin Historical Society Division of Historic Preservation Public History 816 State Street Madison, Wisconsin

2 Acknowledgments This program receives Federal financial assistance for identification and protection of historic properties. Under Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, and the Age Discrimination Act of 1975, as amended, the U.S. Department of the Interior prohibits discrimination on the basis of race, color, national origin, or disability or age in its federally assisted programs. If you believe you have been discriminated against in any program, activity, or facility as described above, or if you desire further information, please write to: Office of the Equal Opportunity, National Park Service, 1849 C Street NW, Washington, DC The activity that is the subject of this intensive survey report has been financed entirely with Federal Funds from the National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior and administered by the Wisconsin Historical Society. However, the contents and opinions do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the Department of the Interior or the Wisconsin Historical Society, nor does the mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation by the Department of the Interior or the Wisconsin Historical Society. The authors would like to thank the following persons or organizations for their assistance in completing this project: Wisconsin Historical Society Jim Draeger, State Historic Preservation Officer Daina Penkiunas, Deputy State Historic Preservation Officer Peggy Veregin, National Register Coordinator Joseph R. DeRose, Survey & Registration Historian City of Eau Claire Landmarks Commission Brady Foust John Mann Joan Myer Dale Poynter Jane Seymour Kunick Dave Strobel Ken Ziehr City of Eau Claire Department of Community Development Patrick Ivory, Senior Planner City of Eau Claire Inspections Department Angie Seichter Sue Noll, Inspections Technician All photographs contained in this report were taken by Legacy Architecture, Inc. unless otherwise noted. 1

3 Abstract This report documents an architectural and historical intensive survey of resources located within the boundaries of the Arlington & Putnam Heights, Dells Park & Riverview, and Upper Westside neighborhoods as well as the Southeast Portion of the Third Ward Neighborhood, Blocks of Hoover Avenue, and the Immanuel Lutheran College Campus in the City of Eau Claire, Wisconsin. A reconnaissance survey of these areas was conducted by the principal and assistant investigators as the first part of the survey. After which, a research effort was conducted to ascertain the architectural and historical significance of the resources identified during the reconnaissance survey. The resulting products of the project were produced according to standards set by the Wisconsin Historical Society s Division of Historic Preservation and include the following: Intensive Survey Report The intensive survey report includes a summary of the research and a brief history of the community. It provides a historical context for the evaluation of historic resources and serves as a means for identifying significant properties, complexes, and districts eligible for listing in the National Register of Historic Places. It also contains recommendations for future survey and research needs, priorities for National Register listing, and strategies for historic preservation. Survey and District Maps Survey maps indicate all previously and newly surveyed properties as well as properties already listed in the National Register of Historic Places. Complex and district maps identify boundaries and all resources in the potential complexes and districts. These maps are included in the Survey Results Chapter in this intensive survey report. Electronic Documents The Wisconsin Historical Society s website contains an electronic database, called the Architecture and Historic Inventory (AHI), for all inventoried properties. Also, an electronic copy of this report is to be saved on compact disc and held at the Wisconsin Historical Society and the Eau Claire County Courthouse. 2

4 Table of Contents Contents Page Acknowledgements...1 Abstract...2 Table of Contents...3 Chapter 1 Introduction...5 Chapter 2 Survey Methodology...7 Chapter 3 Historical Overview...17 Chapter 4 Government...23 Chapter 5 Industry...29 Chapter 6 Transportation...31 Chapter 7 Architecture...35 Chapter 8 Education...83 Chapter 9 Religion...89 Chapter 10 Commerce...99 Chapter 11 Planning & Landscape Architecture Chapter 12 Recreation & Entertainment Chapter 13 Notable People Chapter 14 Bibliography Chapter 15 Survey Results Chapter 16 Recommendations Chapter 17 Notes Chapter 18 Appendix Historic Homeowners Tax Credit Program Brochure Contractor Standards for Typical Tax Credit Projects Income-Producing Property Tax Credit Program Brochure Guidelines for Planning Historic Preservation Tax Credit Projects in Wisconsin 3

5 This page intentionally left blank. 4

6 1 Introduction The City of Eau Claire received a Historic Preservation grant-in-aid administered by thewisconsin Historical Society from the National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior to hire Legacy Architecture, Inc., an architectural and historic preservation consulting firm based in Sheboygan, Wisconsin, to conduct an intensive survey of architecturally and historically significant resources within the boundaries of the Arlington & Putnam Heights, Dells Park & Riverview, and Upper Westside neighborhoods as well as the southeast portion of the Third Ward Neighborhood, Blocks of Hoover Avenue, and the Immanuel Lutheran College Campus in the City of Eau Claire, Wisconsin. The major objective of the project was to identify individual resources, complexes, and districts of architectural or historical significance that are potentially eligible for listing in the National Register of Historic Places. The survey was executed during the period from October 2015 to July 2016 by Principal Investigators Robert Short and Rowan Davidson with editorial assistance by Jennifer L. Lehrke and clerical assistance by Gail Biederwolf, all of Legacy Architecture, Inc. It consisted of several major work elements: completing a reconnaissance survey, conducting research, evaluating resources, and preparing an intensive survey report. The boundaries of the survey were delineated as shown on the Survey Boundaries Map at the end of Chapter 2. The survey identified approximately 312 resources of architectural and historical interest as well as two potential historic complexes and one potential historic district. Although the resources include a small quantity of public buildings such as schools, churches, commercial buildings, and government buildings, multi-family residential buildings, and structures such as bridges and water utility facilities, the majority of the surveyed resources are single family houses. The purpose of this survey report was not to write a definitive history of the subject neighborhoods or the City of Eau Claire, but rather to provide an overview of the history of the subject neighborhoods in relation to a series of themes or study units, and to provide basic information on the resources that were identified during the reconnaissance survey, which can be used in future planning decisions and increasing public awareness of the history and architecture of the community. This architectural and historical intensive report and the associated work elements mentioned above are kept at the Historic Preservation Division of the Wisconsin Historical Society in Madison; and a copy of the report is to be kept at the Eau Claire City Hall and Eau Claire Public Library. 5

7 This page intentionally left blank. 6

8 2 Survey Methodology Introduction The Architectural and Historical Intensive Survey was conducted in the Arlington & Putnam Heights, Dells Park & Riverview, and Upper Westside neighborhoods as well as the southeast portion of the Third Ward Neighborhood, Blocks of Hoover Avenue, and the Immanuel Lutheran College Campus in the City of Eau Claire over a period of several months, beginning in October of 2015 and concluding in July of The architectural and historic preservation consulting firm of Legacy Architecture, Inc. of Sheboygan, Wisconsin, executed the survey. The principal investigators, Robert Short and Rowan Davidson, conducted the reconnaissance survey fieldwork and performed historical research. Robert Short authored the report and prepared survey maps. Jennifer L. Lehrke edited the intensive survey report and generally oversaw the survey. Gail Biederwolf provided clerical support. The Arlington & Putnam Heights, Dells Park & Riverview, and Upper Westside Neighborhoods Architectural and Historical Survey consisted of four major work tasks: (1) reconnaissance survey, (2) architectural and historical research, (3) evaluation of significant resources for inclusion in the intensive survey report, and (4) preparation and presentation of the intensive survey report. Reconnaissance Survey In November 2015, a windshield survey of the subject neighborhoods was conducted that resulted in the identification of approximately 312 resources of architectural and historical interest. During this time, an entry was made for each resource, including the location, name, architectural style, and other key pieces of information in a spreadsheet, and a digital photograph was taken. The portions of the subject neighborhoods within the delineated boundary area as shown in the map at the end of this chapter were surveyed street-by-street and structure-by-structure for resources of architectural and historical significance. Approximately 30 previously surveyed resources were updated. Information contained in the Wisconsin Historical Society s online Architecture and Historic Inventory (AHI), particularly the address, was confirmed and corrected if needed, and field observations were recorded if any alterations, additions, or demolition work had been done to the structure since last surveyed. A new digital photograph of each property was taken to be added to the AHI. There were two resources that were previously surveyed that now lack integrity and are no longer survey worthy and one previously surveyed resource that is believed to have been demolished. Therefore, those entries were updated accordingly. There were no resources already listed in the National Register of 7

9 Historic Places in the survey area; if there had been, they would have been excluded from the survey as is customary. In addition to updating the 27 previously surveyed resources that retain historic integrity, 285 new resources of interest were observed and documented. Information such as address, name, and architectural style were noted, and field observations were recorded which were later entered into the AHI. A digital photograph of each property was also taken for inclusion in the AHI. In areas where a potential historic complex or historic district was identified, all buildings within its boundaries were observed and documented. In addition, all of the existing and newly surveyed properties were identified by AHI number on maps which are included in Chapter 15 Survey Results. Architectural and Historical Research Architectural and historical research of the Arlington & Putnam Heights, Dells Park & Riverview, and Upper Westside neighborhoods as well as the Southeast Portion of the Third Ward Neighborhood, Blocks of Hoover Avenue, and the Immanuel Lutheran College Campus and the City of Eau Claire was conducted by the principal and assistant investigators throughout the course of the project in an effort to provide a historical context to evaluate resources. Of great importance were items located at the City of Eau Claire Inspections Department, the Lutheran Church of the Good Shepherd, and the Wisconsin Historical Society Library and Archives as well as in the City of Eau Claire s WG Xtreme online property records. Summaries of the neighborhoods and city s history are included in this report and arranged in themes according to guidelines set forth by the Historic Preservation Division of the Wisconsin Historical Society. Areas of research include historic Indians, fur trade, government, settlement, agriculture, industry, transportation, architecture, education, social and political movements, religion, art and literature, commerce, planning and landscape architecture, recreation and entertainment, and notable people. Resources deemed eligible for listing in the National Register were evaluated based on their association with these themes. Evaluation of Significant Resources After the reconnaissance survey and research were completed, the data was analyzed to determine which individual properties, complexes, and districts were potentially eligible for listing in the National Register of Historic Places. The evaluation of individual historic resources, complexes, and districts were also reviewed with the Historic Preservation Division of the Wisconsin Historical Society prior to inclusion in this report. The evaluation was performed according to the National Register s Criteria for Evaluation and Criteria Considerations which are used to assist local, state, and federal agencies in evaluating nominations to the National Register of Historic Places. The Criteria for Evaluation and Criteria Considerations are described in several National Register publications as follows: The quality of significance in American history, architecture, archeology, and culture is present in districts, sites, buildings, structures, and objects that possess integrity of location, design, setting, materials, workmanship, feeling, and association, and: 8

10 A. that are associated with events that have made a significant contribution to the broad patterns of our history; or B. that are associated with the lives of persons significant in our past; or C. that embody the distinctive characteristics of a type, period, or method of construction, or that represent the work of a master, or that possess high artistic values, or that represent a significant and distinguishable entity whose components may lack individual distinction; or D. that have yielded, or may be likely to yield, information important in prehistory or history. Ordinarily, cemeteries, birthplaces, or graves of historical figures, properties owned by religious institutions, or used for religious purposes, properties primarily commemorative in nature, and properties that have achieved significance within the past 50 years shall not be considered eligible for the National Register. However, such properties will qualify if they are integral parts of districts that do meet the criteria or if they fall within the following categories: A. a religious property deriving primary significance from architectural or artistic distinction or historical importance; or B. a building or structure removed from its original location, but which is significant primarily for architectural value, or which is the surviving structure most importantly associated with a historic period or event; or C. a birthplace or grave of a historical figure of outstanding importance if there is no other appropriate site or building directly associated with his or her productive life; or D. a cemetery which derives its primary significance from graves of persons of transcendent importance, from age, from distinctive design features, or from association with historic events; or E. a reconstructed building when accurately executed in a suitable environment and presented in a dignified manner as part of a restoration master plan, and when no other building or structure with the same association has survived; or F. a property primarily commemorative in intent if design, age, tradition, or symbolic value has invested it with its own historical significance; or G. a property achieving significance within the past 50 years if it is of exceptional importance. As noted above, a historic district is placed in the National Register of Historic Places in a manner similar to individual properties; using essentially the same criteria. A historic district is comprised of resources; that is, buildings, structures, sites, or objects located in a geographically definable area. The historic district is united by historical factors and a sense of cohesive architectural integrity. District resources are individually classified as contributing or non-contributing. A. A contributing building, site, structure, or object adds to the historic architectural qualities, historic associations, or archeological values for which a property is significant because: a.) it was presented during the period of significance and possesses historic integrity reflecting its character at that time or is capable of yielding important information about the period, or b.) it independently or individually meets the National Register criteria. B. A non-contributing building, site, structure, or object does not add to the historic architectural qualities, historic associations, or archeological values for which a property or district is significant because: a.) it was not present during the period of significance [less than 50 years old or moved to the site], b.) due to alterations, disturbances, addition, or other changes, it no longer possesses historic integrity reflecting its character at that time or is incapable of yielding important information about the period, or c.) it does not independently meet the National Register criteria. 9

11 Preparation and Presentation of the Intensive Survey Report This survey report describes the project and survey methodology, gives an overview of the history of the Arlington & Putnam Heights, Dells Park & Riverview, and Upper Westside neighborhoods as well as the Southeast Portion of the Third Ward Neighborhood, Blocks of Hoover Avenue, and the Immanuel Lutheran College Campus and the City of Eau Claire, summarizes the thematic research and survey results, and gives recommendations for the City of Eau Claire Landmarks Commission. This report does not include a definitive history of the subject neighborhoods or city; rather, it provides a broad historical overview of many themes in one publication. It is intended to be a work in progress which can lead to future research and can be updated over time as new information is collected. Copies of the final survey report were issued to the Historic Preservation Division of the Wisconsin Historical Society and the City of Eau Claire Landmarks Commission. Legacy Architecture, the City of Eau Claire Landmarks Commission, and the Historic Preservation Division of the Wisconsin Historical Society conducted two public information meetings regarding the survey. The first meeting was held on November 3, 2015, to introduce the survey team and the project process to the community. A second meeting, held on August 1, 2016, presented the results of the project including the survey report, potentially eligible individual properties, complexes, and districts, and information on the National Register to the City of Eau Claire and to the Landmarks Commission. 10

12 BIRCH STREET DELL'S HIGHWAY 312 NORTH LANE RIVERVIEW DRIVE HALLIE NORTH HALF OF SURVEY AREA 0' MI KANE ROAD I-94 CAMERON STREET W FOLSOM STREET I-94 RAILROAD 10TH AVENUE N TOWN HALL ROAD KANE ROAD Town of Wheaton Chippewa County Eau Claire County Town of Union N CLAIREMONT AVENUE N CLAIREMONT AVENUE/ HIGHWAY 12 VINE STREET FOLSOM STREET HALFMOON LAKE 14TH STREET 7TH STREET 3RD STREET UPPER WESTSIDE "SURVEY AREA A" SEE PAGE 11 TRUAX BOULEVARD JEFFERS ROAD S FARWELL AVENUE CHIPPEWA RIVER 5TH AVENUE 2ND AVENUE MAIN STREET FOREST STREET DELLS PARK & RIVERVIEW "SURVEY AREA B" SEE PAGES POND City of Eau Claire HIGHWAY 312 PIEDMONT ROAD CHIPPEWA RIVER IONA BEACH ROAD MARGARET STREET LEGEND City Limits S HASTINGS WAY/ BUSINESS 53 SEYMOUR ROAD 20TH AVENUE 105TH STREET Survey Boundary HIGHWAY 53 RAILROAD RIVER PRAIRIE DRIVE EAU CLAIRE RIVER NORTH SHORE DRIVE TOWER DRIVE OLSON DRIVE LA SALLE STREET HIGHWAY 53 MELBY STREET BUSINESS 53 Town of Hallie LAKE Town of Seymour City of Altoona JOLES AVENUE

13 SOUTH HALF OF SURVEY AREA 0' MI PRIORY ROAD WISCONSIN TRUNK 37 GOLF ROAD MITSCHER AVENUE CHIPPEWA RIVER FERRY STREET CRESCENT AVENUE HIGHWAY 12 E CLAIREMONT AVENUE/ MENOMONIE STREET SPOONER AVENUE FENWICK AVENUE Town of Union Town of Brunswick HALFMOON LAKE EMERY STREET N CLAIREMONT AVENUE/ CAMERON STREET I-94 HIGHWAY 12 W LOWES CREEK ROAD MISCHLER DRIVE City of Eau Claire HOOVER AVENUE "SURVEY AREA D1" THIRD WARD "SURVEY AREA D2" ARLINGTON & PUTNAM HEIGHTS "SURVEY AREA C" SEE PAGES GROVER ROAD IMMANUEL COLLEGE "SURVEY AREA D3" STATE STREET RUDOLPH ROAD STEIN BOULEVARD W HAMILTON AVENUE UNIVERSITY DRIVE S FARWELL AVENUE 2ND AVENUE MAIN STREET CHIPPEWA RIVER BUSINESS 53 5TH AVENUE OXFORD AVENUE S HASTINGS WAY/ S LOWES CREEK ROAD FAIRFAX STREET EAU CLAIRE RIVER LOWES CREEK BRACKETT AVENUE HIGHWAY 93 RAILROAD City of Altoona Town of Washington LEGEND City Limits Survey Boundary GRAFF ROAD I-94 OTTER CREEK PRILL ROAD E HAMILTON AVENUE Town of Seymour HIGHWAY 53

14 Upper Westside Neighborhood 11

15 Dells Pak & Riverview Neighborhood 12

16 Dells Pak & Riverview Neighborhood 13

17 Arlington & Putnam Heights Neighborhood 14

18 Arlington & Putnam Heights Neighborhood 15

19 This page intentionally left blank. 16

20 3 Historical Overview The City of Eau Claire was first settled in 1854, under the name Clearwater at the junction of the Chippewa River with what was then called the Clearwater River. The area had been part of the Wisconsin Territory since its organization in While in one of the territory s original counties, Crawford County, it became a part of Chippewa County when it was set off from Crawford in A year after the first settlers arrived, the county board divided the county into three towns in The southernmost of these, the Town of Clearwater, was set off the following year as Eau Claire County which was comprised of the singular Town of Eau Claire. Around that time, the area settled on the east banks of the rivers juncture incorporated as the Village of Eau Claire, and the settlement on the west bank soon incorporated as the Village of Eau Claire City. Within the following years, numerous other towns were set off from the Town of Eau Claire, including the Town of Washington south of the villages in 1868 and the Town of Union and the Town of Seymour west and east of the villages in Also in 1872, the two villages joined with the unincorporated settlement known as North Eau Claire on the north banks of the rivers juncture and incorporated as the City of Eau Claire. The City of Eau Claire experienced rapid growth during the last decades of the nineteenth century due to its prominence as a hub of the lumber industry becoming the largest urban center in northwest Wisconsin. The City would eventually grow in area by annexing land in the surrounding towns, including annexing land from the adjacent Town of Hallie in neighboring Chippewa County. 1 C.F. Cooper & Company of Chicago published History of Eau Claire County, Wisconsin, Past and Present, a comprehensive history of the County and City of Eau Claire, in This 900-page indexed history contains not only an extensive chronological history of the County, but also histories of its pioneers, immigrants, government, transportation, churches, schools, professions, press, politics, towns, and biographies of individuals; and it is an invaluable resource that goes far beyond the scope of this survey in describing the history of the city and its neighborhoods subject to this project. Likewise, Lois Barland s works Sawdust City and The River Flows On and Jane Hieb s An Illustrated History: Eau Claire provide an excellent history of the city and its neighborhoods during the twentieth century. Consequently, no attempt was made here to cover ground that has been expertly covered by others. Instead, the history that follows will deal primarily with the history of the Arlington & Putnam Heights, Dells Park & Riverview, and Upper Westside neighborhoods as well as the southeast portion of the Third Ward Neighborhood, Blocks of Hoover Avenue, and the Immanuel Lutheran College Campus. 17

21 Arlington & Putnam Heights Neighborhood Throughout the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, the Chippewa River and its bluff-lined valley and the Little Niagara Creek served as a distinct geographic edge to the growing City of Eau Claire. Instead of bridging this natural divide, the city s growth east of the Chippewa River generally skirted around to the east side of the bluffs from the Eau Claire River and continued south, establishing the East Hill Neighborhood. 2 Development following World War II during the mid- to late 1940s and early 1950s extended rapidly south of Harding and Brackett Avenues, East Hill s southern boundaries, including Goff s First, Second, and Third Additions; Johnson s Addition; Kappus First Addition; Lehman s Addition; and Ness Addition subdivisions in addition to the expansive Arlington Heights and its few subsequent additions. 3 Meanwhile, the areas of the Town of Eau Claire and the Town of Washington beyond, south of the city s Third Ward Neighborhood, predominately remained an area of rural farmsteads, connected to the city by a single road down the bluffs and bridge over the Little Niagara Creek at State Street. However, a one-mile track driving park was developed during the late 1870s just west of State Street in the former Section 29 of the Town of Eau Claire. By 1902, the former race track and much of the rest of the southwest quarter of Section 29 owned by A. Jackson was platted for residential development. Another area owned by A. Jackson and another landowner in the southeast quarter of Section 30 of the Town of Eau Claire appears to have been planned for subdivision by However, there is no evidence that any streets or houses were ever constructed at either of these ventures. 4 It wasn t until the mid-twentieth century when subdivisions were platted across nearly the entire Sections 28 and 29 of the Town of Eau Claire and annexed into the City of Eau Claire, blending into those developing south of the East Hill Neighborhood at the same time. While dominated by the Putnam Heights Addition and its numerous, expansive continuations east of Rudolph Road, concurrent subdivisions to its east and north included the Beverly Hills Addition, College Heights Addition, Elmhurst Addition, Oak Park Acres, Putnam Terrace Addition, Statz First Addition, Thomas Addition, Skeels Estates, and Steins First Addition. These new south side subdivisions boomed with construction during the 1950s and 1960s, nearly building-out by the late 1970s. New residential housing styles from this time period dominated the landscape, particularly Ranch and Split-Level houses. 5 Several new elementary schools, a new high school, and numerous churches were constructed throughout the neighborhood during the mid-century building boom. A U.S. Army Reserve Center was established on the northeastern edge of the neighborhood during the late 1950s. New suburban commercial strips serving the neighborhood residents, travelers, and the city at large developed primarily along Highway 12 which bisects the neighborhood as Clairemont Avenue. The largest commercial nodes are developed at the east end at its intersection with Highway 53 and the west end near the Wisconsin State College at Eau Claire. A cluster of multi-family residential buildings were developed at the west end of the neighborhood during the mid-1960s through 1970s, acting as a buffer between the single family residential and commercial portions of the neighborhood and in close proximity to the college, that would become the University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire in

22 The commercial areas of the neighborhood have continued to redevelop over the years and remain commercially viable, the residential portions remain quiet, suburban single-family residential neighborhoods to this day. Dells Park & Riverview Neighborhood Prior to the mid-twentieth century, the majority of the City of Eau Claire s growth occurred to the east, west, and south of the juncture of the Chippewa and Eau Claire Rivers, leaving the northern half of the Town of Eau Claire east of the Chippewa River as largely scattered farmsteads along the few country roads and electric interurban railway that lead to Chippewa Falls. Until the early twentieth century, urban development and the northeast limits of the city remained west of presentday Starr Avenue near the Northside Lutheran Cemetery with Dells Pond and Mt. Tom forming natural, geographic boundaries. The first major development along the eastern banks of the Chippewa River north of Dells Pond was the platting of the Dells Park Addition subdivision by However, the subdivision failed to develop. In subsequent years, only a few individual cabins and small houses were constructed on the east banks of the river by private landowners rather than planned developments. 7 The area s distance from the city core, location upriver, and proximity to an existing water reservoir on Mt. Tom proved advantageous for the construction of new public water utility facilities after a series of contamination with iron and magnesium deposits to the city s water system during the 1920s. After superior test results compared to other sites throughout the city, the O Brien farmstead in Town of Eau Claire north of the city along the Eau Claire-Chippewa county line was purchased for construction of a new pumping station and well field, which began in As automobile ownership proliferated in the late 1930s and 1940s, land north of the city along the Chippewa River grew more attractive for suburban and rural style single-family residential development. Multiple subdivisions were platted and developed during the 1950s and 1960s, including the Colonial Estates, Dellview Addition, Donna Court, Haselwander Brothers Addition, Oaklawn Subdivision, O Brien s Addition, Quale & Bingham s Addition, Riverview Heights Addition, Severson s Addition, Statz Third Addition, and Wurzer Woods First and Second Additions, all of which were eventually annexed into city limits. As the city s population and size grew during this time, the pumping station and well field was expanded accordingly. 9 The suburban and semi-rural residential development pattern continued along the Chippewa River across the county line into the adjacent Town of Hallie in neighboring Chippewa County. This area, largely separated from the rest of the Town of Hallie by the city pumping station and well field, was eventually annexed into the City of Eau Claire as well. The neighborhood would develop through the 1970s and remains a quiet, suburban and semi-rural residential area of largely single family homes to this day defined by the railroad tracks along Starr Avenue, the wooded hillside at the city well field, and airport on the east, and the winding Chippewa River to the south, west, and north

23 Upper Westside Neighborhood During the nineteenth century, the portion of the City of Eau Claire on the west bank of the Chippewa River experienced a large proportion of the community s growth, likely due to the location on that side of the river of numerous lumber companies, the city s leading industry. The Westside Neighborhood began being annexed into the city and developed during from the 1870s and 1880s in the northeastern portion of the Town of Eau Claire immediately north of the original plat of the former Village of Eau Claire. By the late 1890s, development began to spill beyond the present day boundaries of the Westside. This included the Bolles & Mead s Addition subdivision along Third Street immediately north of the Chicago, St. Paul, Minneapolis & Omaha Railway tracks and parts of Government Lots 5 & 6 west of the site of the former Westville Lumber Company, West Eau Claire Saw & Planing Mill, and Half Moon Lake Shingle Mill on Cameron Street near Seventh Street. Development in what would become the Upper Westside Neighborhood was concentrated in these areas through During the early 1910s, the railway company constructed a high speed bypass track north of the developed parts of the city, this second railroad line would become the northern boundary of the Upper Westside Neighborhood. 12 As the West Side Neighborhood filled in during the early twentieth century, more developers began looking to its north and west. By the 1930s and 1940s, subdivisions including the Andrew Mayers Addition; Boyds War Garden; Gilbert s Addition; Gilbert, Kirscher & Mintos Addition; Keith- Anderson Park Addition; Moore s Addition; and Truax Park Addition were platted and had houses constructed. A handful of commercial concerns were established in the neighborhood during this time, largely scattered along the railroad tracks and Truax Boulevard, a new arterial leading out of the city into the remaining rural portions of the Town of Eau Claire. 13 The neighborhood experienced a building boom during the 1950s and 1960s, becoming fully platted, and extensively built up including the Andrew Mayer s Second Addition, Boyd s Addition, Hilldale Addition, and Rowells Addition subdivisions. New residential housing styles from this time period dominated the landscape, particularly Ranch and Split-Level houses. Several new schools and churches were also constructed throughout the neighborhood during the mid-century building boom. The Upper Westside Neighborhood was largely built-out during the 1970s. The area largely remains a quiet, working and middle class single-family residential neighborhood to this day Blocks of Hoover Avenue East-west running Hoover Avenue, terminating on its east end at the blocks atop the east hill bluff overlooking Harding Avenue and the Little Niagara Creek, is located in the southern portion of the city s East Hill Neighborhood. The 2010 Eastside Hill & Westside Intensive Survey Report written by Timothy F. Heggland provides an excellent history of the neighborhood; consequently, no attempt was made here to cover ground that has been expertly covered by others. 15 The southern portions of the neighborhood were annexed from the Town of Eau Claire into the City of Eau Claire by Hoover Avenue was constructed in the Highland Park Second and Third 20

24 Additions and Mantheis Second and Fourth Additions subdivisions after they were platted in the 1940s. In 1944, the Federal Housing Administration (FHA) authorized funding for the construction of 40 houses for returning World War II veterans in the City of Eau Claire, the first 10 of which were completed within one year on the south side of the 1300 and 1400 Blocks of Hoover Avenue in the Highland Park Third Addition. 17 The street fully developed with small, single-family residences within the next several years and remains a quiet, working class residential neighborhood to this day. 18 Immanuel College Campus The land which now comprises the campus of Immanuel Lutheran High School, College & Seminary, was originally within the jurisdiction of the Town of Washington since that town was established in Like the rest of the Town of Washington, the area remained rural, largely developed with only farmsteads through the early twentieth century. 19 By 1921, local businessman Erskine B. Ingram purchased a large tract of land along Lowes Creek, a small tributary of the Chippewa River, on which to build a large country estate. After Ingram s death in 1954, the estate transferred ownership of the property to the Wisconsin Congregational Conference to operate the home as a retirement home for a brief period of time from in 1959 to By this time, the City of Eau Claire began slowly annexing land along the northern edge of the Town of Washington, north of the Ingram estate, which developed with suburban-style, single-family residential developments. 21 In 1963, the Church of the Lutheran Confession of Mankato, Minnesota, purchased the former Ingram estate to serve as a permanent campus for its Immanuel Lutheran College. The college would go on to develop additional academic, dormitory, and single-family residential buildings over the coming decades and was eventually annexed into the City of Eau Claire. 22 Southeast Portion of the Third Ward Neighborhood The Third Ward Neighborhood was established by As a history of the neighborhood is provided in the 1996 Third Ward Intensive Survey Update Report written by Jill S. Mesirow, no attempt was made here to cover ground that has been expertly covered by others. 23 Heavily developed by the turn of the twentieth century, the neighborhood experienced limited infill development through the 1920s. Development resumed during the 1930s and 1940s, when the southeast portion of the neighborhood was platted as the Third Addition to the Park Addition and Bluff View Addition subdivisions. These subdivisions fully developed within the next several years

25 The last remaining developable portion of the neighborhood, at its southeasternmost edge along the north bank of the Little Niagara Creek, was platted as the Second Addition to the Bluff View Addition, which fully developed by the mid-1970s. The neighborhood remains a quiet, middle class residential neighborhood to this day

26 4 Government Federal Government United States Military The United States Army Reserve constructed an administrative and drill facility complete with vehicle maintenance shop in the Arlington & Putnam Heights Neighborhood in the City of Eau Claire in The Eau Claire U.S. Army Reserve Center and Eau Claire U.S. Army Reserve Center Vehicle Maintenance Shop, located at 2005 Keith Street, were both included in the survey but are not eligible for listing in the National Register of Historic Places. 26 Eau Claire U.S. Army Reserve Center, Keith Street Eau Claire USARC Vehicle Maintenance Shop, Keith Street Federal Housing Administration The Federal Housing Administration (FHA) is a federal agency that was created by the United States Congress as a part of the National Housing Act in The creation of the new agency was done in an effort to strengthen the housing industry after the Great Depression when many banks failed causing a dramatic decrease in mortgage loans and home ownership as well as 2 million construction workers losing their jobs. Before this time, laws regarding mortgage terms were more stringent, including a limitation of mortgages to a maximum 50 percent or a property s market value and repayment schedules spread over three to five years ending with a large balloon payment, making it difficult for many prospective homebuyers to obtain loans. Therefore, at that time, only 40 percent of Americans owned their home. In setting mortgage underwriting standards, insuring home building loans made by private lenders, and regulating construction standards, the law sought to improve housing standards and conditions, provide security to the lending system, and to stabilize the mortgage and housing markets by increasing the number of people that could afford to buy single-family homes

27 After World War II, the federal government sought to make homeownership available to the large number of returning servicemen. Developments of mostly small houses were constructed across the country for veterans and war workers with funding administered by the FHA. In 1944, the FHA office in Milwaukee authorized funding for the construction of 40 houses in the City of Eau Claire. For more information on the construction of FHA funded housing in Eau Claire, refer to Chapter 11 Planning & Landscape Architecture. 28 Local Government Public Utilities The separate villages of Eau Claire and Eau Claire City merged with the unincorporated community of North Eau Claire to incorporate as the City of Eau Claire in 1872 for the purpose of establishing a city water works. Simultaneously, the city was experiencing political opposition from residents of nearby Chippewa Falls against constructing the first dam on the Chippewa River at the Eau Claire Dells to aid Eau Claire s lumber industry in the retrieval and sorting of logs transported to their lumber mills on the river. The City was only successful in receiving permission from the State of Wisconsin legislature to construct the dam by citing the newly established waterworks as its primary purpose. A non-extant waterworks facility and non-extant lock on the eastern bank of the river and the non-extant dam and a flume canal to Half Moon Lake were constructed at the northern edge of the Upper Westside Neighborhood around present-day Mead Street at a cost of over $95,000 and completed in For more information on the Eau Claire Dells Dam, refer to Chapter 10 Commerce. 29 With the decline of the lumber industry and after the national economic panic of 1883, the city sought to expand the public water works as a means of local economic stimulus in Fairbanks, Morse and Company of Chicago was first awarded the contract; however, it was soon replaced by the local Eau Claire Water Works Company with local lumber baron Orrin Ingram as president. Ingram had also led the Eau Claire Dells Improvement Company which oversaw the initial construction of the dam and waterworks facility. By the end of that year, a new brick pumping station, no longer extant, was completed on the east river bank just south of the dam which drew water from a reservoir on the west bank of the river. The Daniel Shaw Lumber Company s private waterworks, which had been constructed for fire protection, was also added to the public system at this time. 30 The city resumed operation of the public water works in In 1910, it constructed six wells on the west side of the Chippewa River north of the dam and a 600,000 gallon reservoir at the cost of $253,000 to augment the Dells dam pumping station. All of these resources are no longer extant; however, one reminder of these facilities remains in the name of Old Wells Road which begins at the northern edge of the Upper Westside Neighborhood. The new facilities served the city s existing 30 miles of water mains, and new mains were constructed at the rate of approximately 2 miles of main per year. 31 In 1925, a non-extant 3 million gallon reservoir was constructed on Mt. Tom to improve water pressure for factories nearby on the north side

28 While the wells built during the 1910s were without iron, iron and manganese from old well water created deposits in the system and periodically broke loose. In the summer of 1929, large amounts of these deposits broke loose in pipes leading from the well field into the city and blackened the city s water for several hours. The city engineer and inspectors crawled for three hours through the 2,175 feet of 36-inch water main. The 24-inch diameter main between the well field and the Dells dam pumping station was cleaned, removing 3.5-inch thick iron and manganese casting. The water became so bad that many residents of the city s Third Ward Neighborhood began using their own wells. While the supply was shut off, the Mt. Tom Reservoir solely provided the city its water. 33 In 1930, the City Council approved a plan to spend $200,000 to build a water purification plant to remove minerals from the water. The following spring, ground water was tested at a potential site on the south side of the city, north of Clairemont Avenue near the sand and gravel quarry; however, iron was found in the test well. That winter, the City Council approved testing on the O Brien farm in what is today the Dells Park and Riverview Neighborhood. A study performed by a Chicago consulting engineer recommended that north side site. Additional testing continued the following year, before the Council voted to issue a $250,000 bond to complete plans for a new well field on the Northside site. Federal funds were granted to the project in August of That fall, L.G. Arnold began construction of a new main crossing the river underwater to connect a new well field to the existing system. A workman was killed in the process when he was accidentally hit by a logging boom in the river, breaking his spine. 34 The new well field construction began in 1934 and began serving the city that October. There was a three day period during the switch of service to the new system when city residents were without water. The entire project was completed for a total cost of $300,000 in 1935, including several wells, a reservoir, and a cottage / office all with stone veneer in the Tudor Revival style. The Eau Claire Pumping Station Wells, Eau Claire Pumping Station Resevoir, and Eau Claire Pumping Station Cottage, located at 2711 Riverview Drive, were all included in the survey and are eligible for listing in the National Register of Historic Places as contributing elements to the proposed Eau Claire Pumping Station and Well Field Historic Complex under Criterion A for its locally significant history in the areas of Community Planning & Development and Engineering and Criterion C in the area of Architecture as a locally significant example of Tudor Revival, Art Moderne, and Contemporary style public water utility facilities. 35 Eau Claire Pumping Station Reservoir, Riverview Drive Eau Claire Pumping Station Cottage, Riverview Drive The old wells on the west side of the Chippewa River were eventually demolished. However, by September of 1935, algae formed in the new reservoir causing a swampy taste and smell in the water. That following February, two additional chlorinators were installed to eliminate the algae

29 Eau Claire Pumping Station Well 2, c Riverview Drive Eau Claire Pumping Station Well 9, c Riverview Drive In November of 1936, the City received $25,200 from the Public Works Administration to construct two additional wells. The Eau Claire Pumping Station Wells, located at 2711 Riverview Drive, were included in the survey and are eligible for listing in the National Register as contributing elements to the proposed Eau Claire Pumping Station and Well Field Historic Complex under Criterion A for its locally significant history in the areas of Community Planning & Development and Engineering and Criterion C in the area of Architecture as a locally significant example of Tudor Revival, Art Moderne, and Contemporary style public water utility facilities. 37 However, problems with algae persisted until January of 1937, at which time the interior of the reservoir was gutted with fire. For a period of time, the city was again served solely from the Mt. Tom Reservoir. Three emergency gasoline engine pumps were added that provided only one third of the normal capacity. During this time the city issued an appeal for residents to conserve water, and several factories closed for the month placing 2,000 workers out of work temporarily. Both wells were in operation by that July, bringing the water supply up to 15 million gallons daily. 38 In December of 1940, city residents approved a bond issue of $50,000 for the construction of two more wells to meet a growing demand for water and remedy small amounts of iron and manganese found in three of the existing wells. 39 The Eau Claire Pumping Station Wells, located at 2711 Riverview Drive, were included in the survey and are eligible for listing in the National Register as contributing elements to the proposed Eau Claire Pumping Station and Well Field Historic Complex under Criterion A for its locally significant history in the areas of Community Planning & Development and Engineering and Criterion C in the area of Architecture as a locally significant example of Tudor Revival, Art Moderne, and Contemporary style public water utility facilities. A major improvement program consisting of a new high pressure pumping station, two more wells, a 2.5-mile long supply line from the new station to Galloway and Starr Avenues, and a new storage tank on Mt. Tom began construction in May of 1945 at the cost of $650,000. The expansion was behind schedule after one year, and a temporary restriction on the use of air conditions and sprinklers was enforced until July when one of the new pumps was operational. The entire project was completed later that year. 40 The Eau Claire Water Treatment Plant and the Eau Claire Pumping Station Wells, located at 2711 Riverview Drive, were all included in the survey and are eligible for listing in the National Register as contributing elements to the proposed Eau Claire Pumping Station and Well Field Historic Complex under Criterion A for its locally significant history in the areas of Community Planning & Development and Engineering and Criterion C in the area of Architecture as a locally significant example of Tudor Revival, Art Moderne, and Contemporary style public water utility facilities. 26

30 Eau Claire Pumping Station, Riverview Drive Eau Claire Pumping Station Well 13, c Riverview Drive In 1951, there were again appearances of iron and manganese in the water and a manganese removal plant was added to the pumping station. That same year, fluoride began being added to the public water as a measure to prevent tooth decay. 41 By 1953, the City of Eau Claire Water Department served 9,654 customers with 109 miles of water main, 1,073 fire hydrants throughout the city, and assets valued at over $3.4 million. Compared to when the City first resumed operating the utility in 1910, the operating revenue had grown from $7,881 to $388,000 in 1953 and expenses from $2,708 to $314,000. Long-serving superintendent of the Water Department, Edward Brown retired in 1954; he had begun working for the water works as a meter setter when the city resumed operating the utility in During the 1950s or 1960s, five additional wells were constructed. The Eau Claire Pumping Station Wells, located at 2711 Riverview Drive, were all included in the survey and are eligible for listing in the National Register as contributing elements to the proposed Eau Claire Pumping Station and Well Field Historic Complex under Criterion A for its locally significant history in the areas of Community Planning & Development and Engineering and Criterion C in the area of Architecture as a locally significant example of Tudor Revival, Art Moderne, and Contemporary style public water utility facilities. Eau Claire Pumping Station Well 16, c Riverview Drive Eau Claire Pumping Station Well 19, c Riverview Drive In subsequent years, a water tower was constructed behind the pumping station. An air stripping facility was constructed at the well field by Merrimac Construction in Two additional wells were added in more recent years. The Eau Claire Pumping Station Water Tower, Eau Claire 27

31 Pumping Station Air Stripping Facility, and the two Eau Claire Pumping Station Wells, located at 2711 Riverview Drive, were included in the survey as non-contributing elements to the proposed Eau Claire Pumping Station and Well Field Historic Complex. 43 The City of Eau Claire continues to operate public water service at these facilities to this day, with 15 of the wells in operation providing an average of 9.25 million gallons of water daily. 44 List of Surveyed Historic Resources Mentioned in the Text Address Historic Name 45 Date 46 Class 2005 Keith Street Eau Claire U.S. Army Reserve Center 1958 Surveyed 2005 Keith Street Eau Claire U.S. Army Reserve Center Vehicle Surveyed 1958 Maintenance Shop 2711 Riverview Drive Eau Claire Pumping Station Resevoir 1935 Contributing* 2711 Riverview Drive Eau Claire Pumping Station Well c.1935 Contributing* 2711 Riverview Drive Eau Claire Pumping Station Well c.1935 Contributing* 2711 Riverview Drive Eau Claire Pumping Station Well 2 c.1935 Contributing* 2711 Riverview Drive Eau Claire Pumping Station Well 4 c.1935 Contributing* 2711 Riverview Drive Eau Claire Pumping Station Well 8 c.1935 Contributing* 2711 Riverview Drive Eau Claire Pumping Station Well 9 c.1935 Contributing* 2711 Riverview Drive Eau Claire Pumping Station Well 10 c.1935 Contributing* 2711 Riverview Drive Eau Claire Pumping Station Well 11 c.1935 Contributing* 2711 Riverview Drive Eau Claire Pumping Station Well 12 c.1935 Contributing* 2711 Riverview Drive Eau Claire Pumping Station Cottage c.1935 Contributing* 2711 Riverview Drive Eau Claire Pumping Station 1945 Contributing* 2711 Riverview Drive Eau Claire Pumping Station Well c.1945 Contributing* 2711 Riverview Drive Eau Claire Pumping Station Well c.1945 Contributing* 2711 Riverview Drive Eau Claire Pumping Station Well 13 c.1945 Contributing* 2711 Riverview Drive Eau Claire Pumping Station Well c.1955 Contributing* 2711 Riverview Drive Eau Claire Pumping Station Well 14 c.1955 Contributing* 2711 Riverview Drive Eau Claire Pumping Station Well 15 c.1955 Contributing* 2711 Riverview Drive Eau Claire Pumping Station Well 16 c.1955 Contributing* 2711 Riverview Drive Eau Claire Pumping Station Well 17 c.1955 Contributing* 2711 Riverview Drive Eau Claire Pumping Station Water Tower Non-Contributing* 2711 Riverview Drive Eau Claire Pumping Station Air Stripping Facility 1986 Non-Contributing* 2711 Riverview Drive Eau Claire Pumping Station Well 19 c.1995 Non-Contributing* 2711 Riverview Drive Eau Claire Pumping Station Well 21 c.1995 Non-Contributing* *Contributing or Non-Contributing to the proposed Eau Claire Pumping Station & Well Fields Historic Complex 28

32 5 Industry Miscellaneous Small Industries Sawyer Biscuit Company The Sawyer Biscuit Company constructed a new facility in the Upper Westside Neighborhood in The Sawyer Biscuit Company, located at 917 Harris Street, was included in the survey but is not eligible for listing in the National Register of Historic Places. Today, the building is occupied by American Metal Fab. Sawyer Biscuit Company, Harris Street List of Surveyed Historic Resources Mentioned in the Text Address Historic Name 47 Date 48 Class 917 Harris Street Sawyer Biscuit Company 1949 Surveyed 29

33 This page intentionally left blank. 30

34 6 Transportation Rail Lines Chicago, St. Paul, Minneapolis & Omaha Railway One of the most long-awaited events during the mid-nineteenth century in the then small settlement of Eau Claire was the coming of the railroad. There had been a dream of bringing a railroad up to the city from the Mississippi River along the Chippewa River since 1856, when a railroad was constructed to Black River Falls, about 50 miles to the south. However, the financial panic of 1857 brought the railroad s expansion to a standstill. 49 In 1864, the Tomah & Lake St. Croix Railroad surveyed land in the vicinity of Eau Claire; however, nothing materialized. In 1866, the Tomah & Lake St. Croix Railroad became the West Wisconsin Railroad with local businessmen R.F. Wilson, Stephen Marston, and Joseph G. Thorp as its directors. The company secured 1.5 million acres of land to construct a railroad to Eau Claire, beginning in Tomah in By October of 1869, construction had progressed to the small settlement of Humbird, 40 miles away to the southeast, to which stage coaches left from Eau Claire daily to connect to the east-bound train. By January of 1870, the line was completed to the Eau Claire River near Augusta where a non-extant bridge was constructed; it reached Fall Creek, 15 miles away, by that June. On August 1, 1870, the railroad was completed to Eau Claire, and a crowd of 10,000 people, including Governor Lucius Fairchild, gathered for a ceremony that day when the first train arrived in the city. By October, a non-extant railroad bridge crossing the Chippewa River was completed, and the line was continued west to Menomonie. The railroad began passenger service at that time with four elegant passenger coaches, making up two trains that ran between Tomah and Menomonie. The railroad was extended to the Wisconsin-Minnesota border at Hudson in December of 1871, at which time the railroad company moved its headquarters to Hudson. The railroad ultimately reached St. Paul, Minnesota, in January of Also in 1872, the railroad was continued south to Elroy where it connected with the Chicago & North Western Railroad. The Chippewa Falls & Western Railroad connected Eau Claire with rail to nearby Chippewa Falls in The West Wisconsin Railroad foreclosed in 1877 and was reincorporated as the Chicago, St. Paul & Minneapolis Railroad in April of In 1880, the Chicago, St. Paul & Minneapolis Railroad and North Wisconsin Railroad were acquired by the Chicago, St. Paul, Minneapolis & Omaha Railway, commonly known as the Omaha Road. 51 By 1880, the original wood Howe through truss bridges with simple pile trestle approaches and massive wood piers at the Eau Claire and Chippewa Rivers were in need of replacement. At the 31

35 Chippewa River, a quintuple intersection lattice deck truss bridge was constructed by Leighton Bridge & Iron Works of New York and completed in The bridge is 890 feet in length with spans up to 180 feet long between three massive stone piers with a deck plate girder approach span on each side. The bridge deck is 82 feet above the ordinary high water level of the river. The Chicago, St. Paul, Minneapolis & Omaha Railway Bridge, located at the Chippewa River at Anderson Street, was included in the survey and is individually eligible for listing in the National Register of Historic Places with local significance under Criterion C in the area of Engineering as an excellent example of a nineteenth century deck truss bridge with a high level of integrity. 52 Chicago, St. Paul, Minneapolis & Omaha Railway Bridge, 1881 Chippewa River at Anderson Street In 1881, the Chicago, St. Paul, Minneapolis & Omaha Railway absorbed the St. Paul & Sioux City Railroad. Later that year, the Chicago & North Western Railroad Company invested $10.5 million in the Omaha Road; however, the Chicago, St. Paul, Minneapolis & Omaha Railway continued operating under its own name. A connection from Eau Claire through Chippewa Falls and Spooner to Superior and Duluth, Minnesota was constructed in The approaches of the 1881 bridge over the Chippewa River were replaced in 1898 by the Lassig Bridge & Iron Works of Chicago with one 80-foot deck plate girder on each side. 54 In 1911, a high speed double track bypass began construction through Eau Claire north of the Eau Claire River and east of the bridge over the Chippewa River. In 1912, the new 2.15-mile long section of double track with curves and grading to allow trains to travel through the north side of the city at up to 60 miles per hour was completed. As a part of the project, a new deck truss bridge over the Chippewa River was constructed approximately 1,000 yards upstream and north of the existing bridge. The Chicago, St. Paul, Minneapolis & Omaha Railway Bridge, located at the Chippewa River at Old Wells Road and Garden Street, was included in the survey and is individually eligible for listing in the National Register of Historic Places with local significance under Criterion C in the area of Engineering as an excellent example of an early twentieth century deck truss bridge. A second bridge was proposed for crossing the Eau Claire River; however, this was never realized. These projects were a part of a larger expansion of the entire line between Milwaukee and St. Paul, an upgrade to a double track system allowing for high speed passenger and freight travel between those two cities that was completed in

36 Chicago, St. Paul, Minneapolis & Omaha Railway Bridge, 1912 Chippewa River at Old Wells Road & Garden Street Despite increased control by its parent company during the mid-twentieth century, the Chicago, St. Paul, Minneapolis & Omaha Railway continued operating under its own name. Chicago & North Western discontinued the Omaha Road s passenger service to Eau Claire in 1963, the last rail line serving the city to do so. The Omaha Road was officially absorbed into Chicago & North Western in In 1991, the double track system at Eau Claire was completely removed, and the 1881 bridge over the Chippewa River was abandoned the following year. Chicago & North Western was purchased by the Union Pacific Railroad in Excel Energy purchased the 1880 bridge over the Chippewa River in 2007 to avoid demolition plans by Union Pacific; the bridge was then donated to the City of Eau Claire. By 2013, the spur of the tracks leading to the 1881 bridge was converted into a bicycle and running trail, and the 1880 bridge itself was converted into a pedestrian bridge in The 1912 Chicago, St. Paul, Minneapolis & Omaha Railway Bridge over the Chippewa River continues to serve railroad traffic to this day. The original 1881 Chicago, St. Paul, Minneapolis & Omaha Railway tracks define the south boundary of the eastern half of the Upper Westside Neighborhood, and the 1912 spur define its northern boundary. List of Surveyed Historic Resources Mentioned in the Text Address Historic Name 58 Date 59 Class Chippewa River at Anderson St. Chicago, St. Paul, Minneapolis & Omaha Railway Bridge 1881 Eligible Chippewa River at Old Wells Chicago, St. Paul, Minneapolis & Omaha Road & Garden Street Railway Bridge 1912 Eligible 33

37 This page intentionally left blank. 34

38 7 Architecture Introduction Architecture in Wisconsin has mirrored the trends and fashions that were evident in the rest of the United States. The Arlington & Putnam Heights, Dells Park & Riverview, and Upper Westside neighborhoods historic architecture stock is no different. This chapter includes a brief description of the major architectural styles and vernacular building forms evident in the neighborhoods followed by examples of buildings of that particular style which were included in the survey. A discussion of the prevalent building materials in the neighborhoods is also included with representative examples of buildings constructed of those materials. Lastly, a brief history of many of the architects, engineers, and contractors who worked in the area is included along with listings of buildings which were included in the survey that are associated with those persons or firms. Architectural Styles Eclectic / Period Revival Styles ( ) Unlike the free stylistic mixtures of the preceding Victorian era, the turn of the twentieth century saw a new movement of eclecticism come to dominance that stressed relatively pure copying of traditional architecture across the full spectrum of Western architectural history particularly Classical Greek and Roman as well as their Italian and French Renaissance interpretations, medieval English and French medieval, and architecture from the early British and Spanish colonies. While beginning quietly in the last decades of the nineteenth century with European-trained architects, the trend gained momentum with the Chicago Columbian Exposition of 1893 which stressed historically accurate architecture. This period of historicism was only briefly interrupted by the first wave of American modern architecture in the Craftsman and Prairie styles. During this time, from about 1900 to 1920, Eclectic styles were still popular but often incorporated aspects of those early modern styles, prominently broad roof overhangs, exposed roof rafters, front porches, and grouped windows. However, popular taste shifted back to the traditional revival styles after World War I, undoubtedly due to the millions of American soldiers returning from the war in Europe where they became familiar with the authentic precedents of these historic styles. While some architects of the time designed creative interpretations of the styles, photographs of historic architecture were widely available to designers and their clients through a large number of architectural journals and illustrated books which allowed for a high degree of historical accuracy. Additionally, by the early 1920s, the technology of cladding buildings with a thin brick or stone veneer was perfected which revolutionized the design of small homes with the new affordability of masonry exteriors. It had been previously difficult to closely copy European styles, which were most often built of solid 35

39 masonry and decorated with stone or brickwork patterns. Although the Great Depression led to simplification of houses with less architectural detail, the Period Revival styles remained the most dominant architectural styles until the end of World War II. 60 The following Eclectic styles can be found in the Arlington & Putnam Heights, Dells Park & Riverview, and Upper Westside neighborhoods: Colonial Revival After the Philadelphia Centennial Exposition in 1876, the last two decades of the nineteenth century saw a resurgence of interest in the American colonial architecture of the Atlantic seaboard, generally the Georgian and Federal architectural styles as well as secondary influence of post-medieval English and Dutch Colonial traditions. The restoration and recreation of Colonial Williamsburg, Virginia, during the early twentieth century renewed interest in the style. While the earliest examples of the Colonial Revival style tended to be free interpretations with details inspired by colonial precedents, the turn of the twentieth century saw tastes shift towards carefully researched copies with more correct proportions and details. The Colonial Revival style was popular from 1880 through the 1960s, largely but not exclusively as a residential style. Houses are generally rectangular in plan, typically two stories in height, and covered by a moderately pitched gabled roof. Examples characteristically feature a symmetrical façade with windows balanced on both sides of a central front door commonly with fanlight and sidelights and accentuated with either a decorative crown, pediment, or entry porch supported by simple pilasters or slender columns. Windows are generally double-hung sashes with multi-pane glazing in just the top or both sashes; windows are often in adjacent pairs. Other common elements include roof dormers, denticulated cornices, and shutters. Exterior cladding may include clapboards, brick, stone, or a combination of masonry on the first floor with clapboard siding above. 61 The inherent simplicity and regularity of the style lent itself well to standardization, which allowed for the style s continued popularity through the changing building practices brought on by the Great Depression and World War II as well through the postwar changes in taste and architectural fashion. Later examples are occasionally asymmetrical L-shaped forms, to accommodate a breezeway and semi-attached garage, or most often shallower pitched side-gabled forms with simplified door surrounds, cornices, and other details, if present, that merely suggest their colonial precedents rather than closely mirroring them. The latest examples of Colonial Revival houses most often have an attached garage fully incorporated into the main form. There has hardly been a gap in time when Colonial inspired buildings were not being built somewhere in the country since the inception of the style in the 1880s. A dramatic drop in popularity during the late 1950s and 1960s marked the beginning of a transition from these simplified interpretations of the style to a renewed interest in architectural accuracy and Colonial-inspired buildings of the subsequent New Traditional era that continues to this day

40 Erskine B. Ingram House / Ingram Hall, Grover Road Mort B. Phillips House, Rust Street Archie R. Lund House, Rust Street Thomas P. Reidinger House, Kay Street A common architectural style in the survey area during its time, 14 examples of Colonial Revival style buildings were included in the survey. Representative examples of Colonial Revival style buildings in the survey include the following: Address Historic Name 63 Date 64 Class 1608 Frederic Street Vernon C. Cleasby House 1936 Surveyed 501 Grover Road Erskine B. Ingram House / Immanuel 1922 Surveyed Lutheran College Ingram Hall 2718 Kay Street Thomas P. Reidinger House 1965 Surveyed 2309 Rudolph Road Lloyd Pedin House 1947 Surveyed 1603 Rust Street Mort B. Phillips House 1936 Surveyed 1621 Rust Street Harold J. Youngburg House 1936 Surveyed 1703 Rust Street Archie R. Lund House 1939 Surveyed 1711 Rust Street Ole F. Strand House 1941 Surveyed 1725 Rust Street John J. Lindner House 1939 Surveyed 2812 & 2814 Thomas Drive Apartments 1965 Surveyed 37

41 Tudor Revival The turn of the twentieth century saw a rise in interest of Medieval and early Renaissance English residential architecture which became known as the Tudor Revival style, representing a broad range of precedent building traditions from small folk cottages to grand manors. Popular in Wisconsin from 1900 to 1940, the style is typified by a steeply pitched roof dominated by one or more prominent cross gables, a feature atypical of many English prototypes yet the most universally present dominate feature of American examples. Irregular plan and asymmetrical massing are typical. Other characteristic elements include tall, narrow, and multi-paned windows in multiple groups; oriel windows; one- or two-story semi-hexagonal bay windows; round or flattened Tudor arches; overhanging gables and second stories; decorative strapwork; wide, ornamental vergeboards; and massive chimneys commonly crowned by decorative chimney pots. Exterior wall materials are typically a combination of brick, stone, clapboard, wood shingles, and stucco, often with informal patterned stone or brickwork accents. Therefore, the style exploded in popularity during the 1920s, when the development of masonry veneering methods allowed the style s characteristic masonry exterior to become affordable on even the most modest of residences. A hallmark of the style is decorative half timbering, generally on the second floor or gable ends, infilled with stucco or brick. Porches under the main roof, often to the side, and arcaded wing walls are common. Rare examples attempt to mimic the picturesque thatch roofs of rural England by rolling roofing materials around the building s eaves and rakes. 65 Orlin H. Nelson House, Rust Street Eau Claire Pumping Station Cottage, c Riverview Drive A less common architectural style in the survey area during its time, 13 examples of Tudor Revival style buildings were included in the survey. Representative examples of Tudor Revival style buildings in the survey include the following: Address Historic Name 66 Date 67 Class 2711 Riverview Drive Eau Claire Pumping Station Reservoir 1935 Contributing* 2711 Riverview Drive Eau Claire Pumping Station Cottage c.1935 Contributing* 2711 Riverview Drive Eau Claire Pumping Station Well c.1935 Contributing* 1615 Rust Street Leslie A. Cornwall House 1930 Surveyed 1627 Rust Street Orin H. Nelson House 1935 Surveyed * Contributing to the proposed Eau Claire Pumping Station & Well Field Historic Complex 38

42 Early Modern Styles ( ) The first wave of American architecture that was not based on historic precedent occurred at the turn of the twentieth century and was led by the American Craftsman interpretation of the English Arts and Crafts movement as well as Frank Lloyd Wright s pioneering of the Prairie Style. Early modern styles incorporated new concepts of free-flowing interior spaces, new spatial effects, and a new vocabulary of ornament that did not mimic historic forms. Eventually, more futuristic modern styles developed in the Art Deco and Art Moderne movements, still retaining some ornamentation. 68 The following Early Modern styles can be found in the Arlington & Putnam Heights, Dells Park & Riverview, and Upper Westside neighborhoods: American Foursquare The American Foursquare style, popularized by mail-order catalogues and speculative builders, was a popular domestic architectural style in Wisconsin from 1900 to Part of a larger movement toward simplified and rectilinear residential architecture that was heavily influenced by the Prairie style, the style is primarily distinguished by its broad proportions, boxy massing, and lack of overt stylistic references. A typical house is two stories in height, with a hipped roof, widely overhanging eaves, and a central dormer. Brick, stone, stucco, concrete block, clapboards, and shingles are the most commonly used exterior surface materials, often in combination articulated by floor. The simple exterior is a reflection of the straightforward interior plan of the Foursquare, typically featuring four large rooms on each floor and a corner entry hall and stairwell. A one-story porch across the front façade often features Tuscan columns and a filled-in or balustraded railing. Examples are occasionally embellished by Period Revival, Craftsman, or Prairie style details. 69 Langlois Grocery, Third Street A less common architectural style in the survey area during its time, one example of an American Foursquare building was included in the survey. An example of a commercial vernacular building in the survey includes the following: Address Historic Name 70 Date 71 Class 2760 Third Street Langlois Grocery 1917 Surveyed 39

43 Bungalow Influenced by the small Craftsman style houses of California that were given extensive publicity in architectural plan books and lifestyle magazines, small Bungalow style houses became the most popular and fashionable modest houses in the United States during the early twentieth century. From 1910 to 1940, the Bungalow was a very popular residential style in Wisconsin. The style is primarily characterized by its plan rather than its aesthetics. While there are many variants, Bungalows are typically one or one-and-one-half stories in height with simple horizontal lines, wide projecting roofs, one or two large porches, and plain woodwork. The upper level in two stories examples is generally subdued visually to give the house a one-story look. Roofs can be gabled or hipped and commonly have decorative, exposed rafter tails. Other characteristic features include a dominant fireplace and chimney, exposed and exaggerated structural elements, and massive piers or porch supports. Buildings of this style are clad in natural materials such as wood clapboards or shingles, brick, stone, stucco, or a combination thereof. The exterior design is commonly adapted to many different stylistic interpretations and can be seen with Colonial, Craftsman, Tudor, Japanese, and Spanish influences. 72 George O. Birge House, Third Street Andrew Moholt House, Fourteenth Street A common architectural style in the survey area during its time, five examples of Tudor Revival style buildings were included in the survey. Representative examples of Bungalow style buildings in the survey include the following: Address Historic Name 73 Date 74 Class 928 Cameron Trail Earl W. Nale House 1931 Surveyed 2425 Fourteenth Street Andrew Moholt House 1921 Surveyed 205 Mead Street Julius Fethke House 1930 Surveyed 709 Platt Street Minnie Remington House 1916 Surveyed 2852 Third Street George O. Birge House 1908 Surveyed 40

44 Art Moderne Related to the Art Deco style, the Art Moderne was also a futuristic movement celebrating the advancement of technology and industrialism, however, more volumetric, streamlined, and totally devoid of historic references. The Art Moderne style was popular in Wisconsin from 1930 to The style is characterized by smooth wall finishes, round corners, and emphasized horizontality. Examples are typically constructed of concrete and feature flat roofs, narrow bands of windows often continuing around corners, windows or entire walls of glass block, mirrored panels, horizontal banding, circular elements, and little to no surface decoration. What decoration did exist was focused at openings and consisted of metal or structural glass panels or trim. Aluminum and stainless steel were widely used materials in this style for doors, windows, railings, and balusters. 75 City of Eau Claire Pumping Station, Riverview Drive City of Eau Claire Pumping Station Well 13, c Riverview Drive St. James the Greater Catholic School, Eleventh Street St. James the Greater Catholic Church Rectory, Eleventh Street A rare architectural style in the survey area during its time, six examples of Art Moderne style buildings were included in the survey. Representative examples of Art Moderne style buildings in the survey include the following: Address Historic Name 76 Date 77 Class 2502 Eleventh Street St. James the Greater Catholic School 1950 Contributing** 2502 Eleventh Street St. James the Greater Catholic Church Rectory 1955 Contributing** 2711 Riverview Drive Eau Claire Pumping Station 1945 Contributing* 2711 Riverview Drive Eau Claire Pumping Station Well c.1945 Contributing* 2711 Riverview Drive Eau Claire Pumping Station Well c.1945 Contributing* 2711 Riverview Drive Eau Claire Pumping Station Well 13 c.1945 Contributing* * Contributing to the proposed Eau Claire Pumping Station & Well Field Historic Complex ** Contributing to the proposed St. James the Greater Catholic Church & School Historic Complex. 41

45 Bankers Modern Styles ( ) While residential architecture was dominated through the first decades of the twentieth century by the eclectic Period Revival styles, the economic necessity for small, affordable houses during the Great Depression and changing architectural fashions after World War II led a major shift toward modern residential styles. New Federal Housing Administration (FHA) policies after World War II that were aimed at helping every returning veteran own their own home exerted a monumental influence on the subsequent, vast construction of single-family suburban neighborhoods across the country. Adverse to financing more dramatic modern architecture for houses, the banks providing FHA-insured loans preferred and promoted more conservative modern styles, primarily Minimal Traditional and Ranch. For this reason, these styles are now commonly referred to as Bankers Modern styles. Ranch style houses dominated residential architecture into the 1970s. 78 The following Bankers Modern styles can be found in the Arlington & Putnam Heights, Dells Park & Riverview, and Upper Westside neighborhoods: Minimal Traditional The Minimal Traditional style was the most successful response to the challenging conditions that affected home construction in the United States when the Great Depression largely shut down the home-building industry. The development of small houses was encouraged by the FHA, which was created in 1934 to insure low-interest long-term mortgage loans in an effort to stabilize the housing industry. To ensure that home ownership could remain attainable for the majority of Americans, the FHA limited the maximum home sale price it insured so that the average home size and cost remained affordable. The architecture and residential design professions, desperate for work after 1930, enthusiastically embraced the challenge of designing small houses, and the subject soon dominated professional publications and house pattern books. The most influential publications were the FHA s Principles of Planning Small Houses bulletins, as builders knew that following their guidelines was the best way to ensure construction funds and insured mortgages for home buyers. The imminent threat of World War II and subsequent increased wartime production caused an unprecedented number of relocated workers to need small, affordable housing; this resulted in the construction of approximately 2.3 million residences across the country between 1940 and At the war s end, a similar need arose to house the nation s 10 million returning servicemen, resulting in an additional 5.1 million residences being constructed by The majority of homes constructed during this time were Minimal Traditional. Postwar prosperity lead to the rise in the popularity of larger, Ranch style homes, which replaced the dominant Minimal Traditional style after The Minimal Traditional style, popular from 1935 to 1950, utilized the traditional form of contemporaneous Period Revival styles, particularly Colonial and Tudor Revival, however, was distinctly modern in its characteristic lack of ornament. The style is typified by its one or one-andone-half-story height, simple L- and T-Shaped plans, low or moderately-pitched and most often gabled roofs with shallow eaves. The exterior is typically clad in a single material in an effort to make the house appear larger. Examples may feature a prominent entry with simple porch or platform steps, bay windows, shutters, or chimney

46 John & Ida Noble House, Hoover Avenue Rollie C. Matx House, Lloyd Avenue House, Fifth Street Oscar H. Labude House, Frederic Street A common architectural style in the survey area during its time, 24 examples of Minimal Traditional style buildings were included in the survey. Representative examples of Minimal Traditional style buildings in the survey include the following: Address Historic Name 81 Date 82 Class 1709 Donald Avenue Ervin J. Berg House 1947 Surveyed 1722 Donald Avenue Kenneth M. Wagner House 1948 Surveyed 2810 Fifth Street House 1952 Surveyed 2820 Fifth Street House 1948 Surveyed 2844 Fifth Street House 1940 Surveyed 1701 Frederic Street Oscar H. Labude House 1948 Surveyed 1403 Hoover Avenue John & Ida Noble House 1944 Contributing* 1622 Lloyd Avenue Rollie C. Matx House 1947 Surveyed 2321 Rudolph Road Anna Tittel House 1946 Surveyed 1328 Wilson Drive Saint Bede Priory House 1956 Surveyed * Contributing to the proposed Hoover Avenue Residential Historic District 43

47 Ranch The Ranch style originated in California during the mid-1930s, very loosely based on early Spanish Colonial pitched roof courtyard houses of the American Southwest, and was spread across the country by California-based Sunset Magazine with its 1946 publication Western Ranch Houses. Other residential housing magazines soon joined the trend in promoting the style and the casual family-oriented lifestyle it well suited. They often described the style as middle of the road modern and modern inside, traditional outside. As the automobile became the principal means of transportation in the country after World War II, the standard narrow urban lot style of development was replaced by a form with wider sprawling lots, and the Ranch style became the dominant architectural style for single family residences throughout the United States, particularly in large suburban tract developments. 83 Ranches, popular from 1935 to 1975, are typically broad, single story houses with emphasized horizontality, built low to the ground, and generally rectangular, L-, or U-shaped in plan with asymmetrical façades. Roofs are low-pitched and often hipped or gabled, commonly with moderate or wide overhanging eaves. A garage is attached to the main façade facing the street, side, or rear. Typically, the front entrance is located off center, almost always sheltered under the main roof of the house, and often recessed. Single or paired entry doors are common and may range from a simple, plain flush door to having heavily decorative, curvilinear, or square panels with a single or matching sidelights or side panels. Entry or partial width porches, also almost always contained under the main roof of the house, can be found. When present, porch supports are most often simple wood posts or patterned wrought iron. As a remarkable range of pre-manufactured windows were available during the era, most Ranch houses feature a variety of different size and types of windows in either metal or wood with horizontal or multi-pane light patterns. One or more large picture windows are almost universally present, commonly with operable sections; however in later examples, groups of tall fixed vertical panes were often used instead of a large single picture window. Very short windows are often grouped into ribbons placed high the wall, often in bedrooms to allow light and ventilation without loss of privacy and to accommodate flexibility in furniture arrangement. Corner windows with a corner support, sliding glass doors, and jalousie windows are common. Exterior elaborations are common, including built-in planters, emphasized heavy chimneys, masonry screen walls, rear covered verandas, and rear patios often with built-in or free-standing masonry grills. Wooden or aluminum siding and brick are the most typical wall claddings, often used in combination with the entry area differentiated from the main body of the house. Examples of the Ranch style may incorporate modest elements of other traditional styles. While commonly constructed throughout the Ranch era, more heavily styled Ranches are classified as Styled Ranches of the New Traditional era were built later. 84 Ivar A. Walker House, S. Lexington Boulevard Jeannette L. Peters House, W. Lexington Boulevard 44

48 Lloyd A. Klofanda House, Kelley Place Howard M. Erickson House, Brackett Avenue William E. Sherman House, Drury Court Marilyn Olson House, Clark Place House, Eleventh Street Lawrence Nelson House, E. MacArthur Avenue Philip Breitman House, W. Fillmore Avenue Charles E. Colburn House, Kay Street 45

49 Rev. Julius H. Kolberg House, E. Fillmore Avenue House, Sixth Street The most popular architectural style in the survey area during its time, 152 examples of Ranch style buildings were included in the survey. Representative examples of Ranch style buildings in the survey include the following: Address Historic Name 85 Date 86 Class 2113 Brackett Avenue Howard M. Erickson House 1956 Surveyed 2717 Clark Place Marilyn Olson House 1959 Surveyed 1602 Drury Court William E. Sherman House 1958 Surveyed 1606 Drury Court Rodger M. Anderson House 1959 Surveyed 2328 Eleventh Street House 1961 Surveyed 3103 Ellis Street Henry F. Naybert House 1959 Surveyed 803 E. Fillmore Avenue Rev. Julius H. Kolberg House 1966 Surveyed 121 W. Fillmore Avenue Asher E. Rost House 1956 Surveyed 321 W. Fillmore Avenue Philip Breitman House 1964 Surveyed 516 E. Grant Avenue Frederick A. Zank House 1962 Surveyed 2611 Kay Street Charles E. Colburn House 1965 Surveyed 2824 Kelley Place Lloyd A. Klofanda House 1955 Surveyed 311 E. Lexington Boulevard Harry E. Fenner House 1954 Surveyed 1709 E. Lexington Boulevard Harold R. Matz House 1956 Surveyed 2909 S. Lexington Boulevard Ivar A. Walker House 1953 Surveyed 239 W. Lexington Boulevard Jeannette L. Peters House 1955 Surveyed 309 E. MacArthur Avenue Lawrence Nelson House 1961 Surveyed 2901 Sherman Street Edsel Grams House 1961 Surveyed 3121 Sixth Street House 1971 Surveyed 1814 Skeels Avenue Everett E. Blakeley House 1958 Surveyed 46

50 Split-Level Split-Level houses originated during the 1930s, but were especially popular between 1950 and 1975, and are a multi-story variation of the one-story Ranch. As such, Split-Levels retain the horizontal lines, low-pitched roof, overhanging eaves, and other characteristic elements of the Ranch style in a multi-story form. Split-Levels are generally comprised of three or more separate floor levels that are staggered and separated from each other by partial flights of stairs. Typically each distinct level corresponds to one of three general functions: noisy living areas, quiet living areas, and sleeping areas. The lowest level generally houses the garage and a family room. The mid-level wing houses the quiet living areas, and the upper level contains the bedrooms. The middle level most often is the location for the main entry and may feature a one-and-one-half story foyer. The style can feature a wide variety of exterior wall materials, often multiple materials in combination. Examples of the style may incorporate modest elements of other traditional styles, particularly Colonial Revival. While commonly constructed throughout the Ranch and Split-Level era, more heavily styled later period Split-Levels are classified as Styled Ranches of the New Traditional era. 87 Hobart E. Knowlton House, Riverview Drive Robert A. Smith House, Thirteenth Street Wayne W. LaGasse House, Cummings Avenue Robert J. Nelson House, Nixon Avenue A common architectural style in the survey area during its time, 15 examples of Split-Level style buildings were included in the survey. Representative examples of Split-Level style buildings in the survey include the following: 47

51 Address Historic Name 88 Date 89 Class 1439 Cummings Avenue Wayne W. LaGasse House 1973 Surveyed 1717 Drummond Street David R. Steven House 1964 Surveyed 918 E. Hamilton Avenue Roy F. Prueher House 1972 Surveyed 2330 Jordan Court Robert G. Fossland House 1963 Surveyed 1330 Nixon Avenue Robert J. Nelson House 1978 Surveyed 2428 & 2430 Riverview Drive Duane A. Thompson Duplex 1977 Surveyed 3413 Riverview Drive Hobart E. Knowlton House 1960 Surveyed 2917 Sixth Street House 1956 Surveyed 2804 Thirteenth Street Robert A. Smith House 1969 Surveyed 1004 E. Tyler Avenue Robert C. Budik House 1964 Surveyed New Traditional Styles (1935-present) While some Period Revival styles continued to be built into the 1960s, architecture during the period from 1950 to 1970 was dominated by modern forms and styles. However, some modern style house were constructed with traditional detailing in the form of the Styled Ranch styles. By the late 1960s, a new period began reviving the popularity of traditional forms and detailing, especially for residential architecture. New Traditional styles and a renewed taste for traditional architectural details came to dominate residential architecture during the 1970s, nurtured by nostalgia inspired by the United States Bicentennial anniversary in 1975 and the growing historic preservation movement. Early examples of these styles often showed little attempt at closely copying historic precedents, rather applying historic details such as Tudor half-timbering, Georgian doorways, Queen Anne spindlework, and Second Empire mansard roofs onto one-story Ranch house forms. As the end of the twentieth century neared and home building boomed, preferences changed to more accurate interpretations of historic styles with simple roof forms and unified stylistic detailing. This era soon became the period with houses designed in the broadest range of architecture styles ever constructed at the same time, including revivals of almost every style found in American architectural history. 90 Styled Ranch Soon after the development of the Ranch style in California during the mid-1930s and its spread across the country by during the 1940s, it became the dominant residential housing style of the midtwentieth century. While one side of the Ranch style s popularity was its modern attributes, some still preferred references to historic styles. This resulted in the application of traditional style detailing creating variations that are now referred to as Styled Ranches, which were popular during the Ranch era from 1935 to 1975 but continued to dominate one-story house design through Styled Ranches retain many of the characteristic Ranch elements including the generally broad rectangular L- or U-shaped plans and horizontal emphasis, however, they often lack the low pitched roofs with broad overhanging eaves, short windows, and picture windows while featuring slightly higher pitched roofs, prominent entries, and multi-paned windows. One-story or one-and-one-half story Ranch and Split-Level forms are both found. Ranch forms met the demise of their popularity in the late 1980s, when changing tastes, desires for larger homes, and rising land prices began to favor two-story houses

52 Neoclassical Styled Ranch Neoclassical Styled Ranches are characterized by a one-story porch supported by simple or classical columns at the entry or across the full width of the typically symmetrical front façade. When solely an entry porch, these may be crowned with a triangular pediment-shaped gable roof. Examples are most often clad in brick veneer, occasionally with portions of wood siding. Roof dormers, decorative shutters, and other Classical or Colonial details are common. 92 Smith Funeral Parlor, London Road House 2844 Eleventh Street A rare architectural style in the survey area during its time, two examples of Neoclassical Styled Ranches were included in the survey. Representative examples of Neoclassical Styled Ranches in the survey include the following: Address Historic Name 93 Date 94 Class 2844 Eleventh Street House 1967 Surveyed 2222 London Road Smith Funeral Parlor 1960 Surveyed Colonial Revival Styled Ranch Colonial Revival Styled Ranches evolved from the Minimal Traditional style and Cape Cod subtype of the Colonial Revival style homes of the 1940s. Colonial Revival Style Ranches are often symmetrical or include a symmetrical main block with a side-gabled or hipped roof. They are most often clad in red brick veneer or wood siding with wings in a secondary material. Characteristic elements include a prominent and often centered front door with Colonial Revival surround or entry porch, dormers, and other Colonial Revival details. 95 House, Agnes Street House, Drummond Street 49

53 A rare architectural style in the survey area during its time, six examples of Colonial Revival Styled Ranches were included in the survey. Representative examples of Colonial Revival Styled Ranches in the survey include the following: Address Historic Name 96 Date 97 Class 2816 Agnes Street Owen Ayres House 1955 Surveyed 1221 Bradley Avenue Ralph C. Gilbertson House 1968 Surveyed 1620 Drummond Street Orth I. Dains House 1961 Surveyed 1735 Drummond Street James W. Merritt House 1964 Surveyed 2329 Jordan Court Arthur A. James House 1963 Surveyed 1110 Locust Street Julius J Spaulding House 1947 Surveyed Tudor Styled Ranch Tudor Styled Ranches were most popular during the 1970s and 1980s and are typified by exterior decorative wood half-timbering most often infilled with stucco, which appears on almost all examples of the style. Other characteristic elements include full gable, clipped gable, and crossgable roofs; combinations of exterior wall materials, most often brick veneer, wood siding, and stucco; casement windows, sometimes with diamond-shaped muntin patterns; and decorative garage doors. 98 Arthur A. James House, Jordan Court A very rare architectural style in the survey area during its time, one example of a Tudor Styled Ranch was included in the survey. An example of a Tudor Styled Ranch in the survey includes the following: Address Historic Name 99 Date 100 Class 2308 Jordan Court Arthur A. James House 1971 Surveyed 50

54 Mansard At a time when residential architecture was dominated by the modern and more informal Ranch and Contemporary styles, the Mansard style was one of the sole traditional and formal residential styles still built as it could meet many zoning ordinances or deed restrictions that only allowed one-story houses or low roof heights in many new subdivisions from the 1940s through the 1970s, as a full story of living space could fit under its characteristic massive mansard roof. With the top floor s exterior clad in roofing material, the style was relatively inexpensive to build with the substantial saving on masonry wall veneer. As such, the style became popular for small scale commercial buildings and apartments in addition to single family homes. Popular from 1940 to 1985, the Mansard style is characterized by its namesake roof which is typically covered with shingles or decorative roofing materials and may feature flared eaves. Houses are most often one- or two-stories in height, with the mansard roof typically forming the walls of the second story and containing dormer windows on its steep lower slope. Exterior walls on the lower levels are most often clad with brick veneer. A segmental arch over the entry door, windows, or dormers is common. Other common elements include double doors with curvilinear or circular patterns, entry door often recessed, masonry wall chimneys, and quoins. Later examples commonly feature round arches, projecting central or side wings, a projecting ledge at the top or bottom of mansard, and windows that interrupt the roof s cornice line. 101 House, Drummond Street House, Bradley Avenue A rare architectural style in the A survey area during its time, two examples of Mansard style buildings were included in the survey. Representative examples of Mansard style buildings in the survey include the following: Address Historic Name 102 Date 103 Class 913 Bradley Avenue Gerald G. Steinke House 1973 Surveyed 1603 Drummond Street Bernard Romin House 1939 Surveyed 51

55 New Traditional Colonial While the Colonial Revival style remained popular through the 1950s, later examples were more simply detailed and limited to a small number of forms. By the 1970s, a new revival began which has become known as the New Traditional Colonial style inspired by the full range of English and Colonial precedents. While early examples of the New Traditional Colonial style were free adaptations of historic precedent and often oddly proportioned, better proportioned and often architect-designed houses began being built by the 1980s. Characteristic elements remain similar to the earlier Colonial Revival style. 104 House, Drummond Street House, Skeels Avenue Townhouses, , 2803, 2805, 2807, 2809 & 2811 Richard Drive House, Cummings Avenue A less common architectural style in the survey area during its time, seven examples of New Traditional Colonial style buildings were included in the survey. Representative examples of New Traditional Colonial style buildings in the survey include the following: Address Historic Name 105 Date 106 Class 1412 Cummings Avenue Russell M. Johnson House 1975 Surveyed 1743 Drummond Street Arthur F. Rizzi House 1963 Surveyed 704, 706, 708, 710, 712 & 714 Richard Townhouses 1968 Surveyed Drive 718, 720, 722, 724, 726 & 728 Richard Townhouses 1968 Surveyed Drive 2801, 2803, 2805, 2807, 2809 & 2811 Townhouses 1970 Surveyed Richard Drive 3018 Sherman Street Theo E. Mollerud House 1977 Surveyed 2118 Skeels Avenue Al H. Espeseth House 1969 Surveyed 52

56 New Traditional Classical A renewed interest in Classical architecture inspired by the American Bicentennial in 1975 saw an emulation of the earlier Neoclassical and Georgian Revival styles in the New Traditional Classical style. Like its precedents, the style is typified by a porch with full height columns or pilasters on the main façade. While early examples of the New Traditional Colonial style saw these elements freely applied to a variety of house forms with little concern for historically accurate detailing, better proportioned and detailed houses more closely modeled after historic classical precedents eventually began being built. 107 Jerry L. Krogman House, Henry Avenue A rare architectural style in the survey area during its time, one example of a New Traditional Classical style building was included in the survey. An example of a New Traditional Classical style building in the survey includes the following: Address Historic Name 108 Date 109 Class 2202 Henry Avenue Jerry L. Krogman House 1973 Surveyed New Traditional Tudor A renewed interest in the earlier Tudor Revival style began during the late 1970s. Similar to the earlier style, the New Traditional Tudor style features dominant steeply pitched front-facing gabled roofs and characteristic half-timbering. While early examples of the style saw these elements freely applied to a variety of house forms with little concern for historically accurate detailing, better proportioned and detailed houses more closely modeled after historic precedents eventually began being built. 110 House, Taft Avenue City of Eau Claire Pumping Station Well Riverview Drive 53

57 A rare architectural style in the survey area during its time, three examples of New Traditional Tudor style buildings were included in the survey. Representative examples of New Traditional Tudor style buildings in the survey include the following: Address Historic Name 111 Date 112 Class 2711 Riverview Drive Eau Claire Pumping Station Well 19 c.1995 Non-Contributing* 2711 Riverview Drive Eau Claire Pumping Station Well 21 c.1995 Non-Contributing* 1609 Taft Avenue Marie M. Jaastad House 1967 Surveyed * Non-Contributing to the proposed Eau Claire Pumping Station & Well Field Historic Complex Modern Styles (1920-present) As many of the most elite European architects fled Europe during World War II, their austere International Style swept the United States from the 1930s to 1950s, especially in its influence of commercial architecture. These early styles were the impetus to the development of numerous veins of modern architecture through present day. Architectural historians and architects are now identifying names for many of these theories of architecture as buildings of these genres begin to reach sufficient age to be evaluated for significance per National Register of Historic Places criterion. 113 The following Modern styles can be found in the Arlington & Putnam Heights, Dells Park & Riverview, and Upper Westside neighborhoods: International Style After World War I, during the dominant eclectic Period Revival era in the United States, European architects were developing a new style of dramatic modern buildings; most notably Le Corbusier in France, J.J.P. Oud and Gerrit Rietveld with the De Stijl movement in Holland, and Walter Gropius and Ludwig Mies van der Rohe of the Bauhaus design school in Germany. Their intention was to create a new international architecture independent of specific materials, sites, or cultural tradition that did not imitate or recall past styles. The New York Museum of Modern Art first christened the movement the International Style at its influential Modern Architecture: International Exhibition in The exhibition s accompanying publication, The International Style: Architecture Since 1922, by Henry-Russell Hitchcock and Phillip Johnson identified three main principles of the style. The first is an emphasis on volume or space enclosed by thin planes instead of a suggestion of mass and solidity. Second was regularity, an underlying orderliness seen clearly before the outside surfaces are applied. The third principle was the avoidance of applied, surface decoration, instead depending on the intrinsic qualities of the materials, technical perfection, and proportions for aesthetic richness. While several European architects moved to the United States and practiced in the style as early as the 1920s, it wasn t until the elite Bauhaus architects came fleeing Hitler during World War II that their theories had a profound influence in this country. Their presence at some of the most prominent American architecture schools swiftly replaced the former Beaux Arts curriculum and widely disseminated their new ideas across the country. Also of great influence was Le Corbusier s view of the house as a machine for living which emphasized functionalism as prime importance and the discarding of traditional residential elements that were merely decorative. These ideas proved very appealing in a time of rapidly advancing technology

58 The International Style has remained popular from 1925 through the present day. The style is typified by buildings constructed with a lightweight structural skeleton that allows walls to serve solely as an enclosure of space and provide flexibility for fenestration to reflect interior needs. Hallmark characteristics include smooth and unornamented wall surfaces with a unifying cladding, asymmetrical façades composed of large and often linear window groupings and expanses of windowless wall surface, flat roofs without coping at the roofline, and a lack of decorative detailing at doors or windows. Windows tend to be grouped in vertical or horizontal bands, most often metal casements, commonly wrapping around corners. Picture windows became common on examples after the 1930s. Cantilevered roofs, projections, or balconies are also common. The earliest examples are most often small, cube-like houses typically covered with glazed tile, white painted stucco, brick, or concrete block. If present, detailing is most likely of an Art Moderne influence. By the late 1930s, smooth board and plywood or composition panels were also used, as was the addition of an accent brick or stone wall. Houses after 1945 often incorporated a courtyard or entry hall to separate public living areas from private sleeping areas; front, side, rear, and interior courtyards especially gained popularity during this time. Glass as a primary exterior cladding material on residential and commercial buildings alike became a popular International Style component during the late 1940s; this Miesian use of glass curtain walls became especially popular for commercial buildings. Wall materials on later examples began to include poured-in-place or tilt-up pre-cast concrete. During the 1970s, a revival that continues to this day began based on the earliest white stucco clad houses; however, their façades are of a far greater percentage of glass. 115 House, Partridge Avenue Dennis F. D Jock House, Agnes Street A very rare architectural style in the survey area during its time, three examples of International Style buildings were included in the survey. Representative examples of International Style buildings in the survey include the following: Address Historic Name 116 Date 117 Class 3031 Agnes Street Dennis F. D'Jock House 1959 Surveyed 1703 Drummond Street Melvin S. Cohen House 1961 Surveyed 1606 Frederic Street House 1936 Surveyed 55

59 Contemporary Style / Mid-Century Modern While the Ranch style dominated most builder developments during the mid-twentieth century, the Contemporary Style was the most popular among American architects from 1945 to The style was largely influenced by Frank Lloyd Wright and his small, affordable Usonian houses that he began designing in the late 1930s which were constructed of natural materials, built low to the ground, had broad sheltering roof overhangs, and featured open plan interiors with significant spatial and visual connections between indoor and outdoor spaces. It took until the early 1950s for Wright s ideas to enter and eventually sweep mainstream American architectural design. The Contemporary Style is often also referred more generally as Mid-Century Modern. This style is characterized by its use of natural cladding materials, especially wood, stone, and brick, as well as low-pitched gabled roofs with widely overhanging eaves, commonly exposed roof beams, and windows generally present in the gable ends or just below the roof line on non-gabled façades. Flat, slant, and butterfly roofs are also common, as well as openings in the roof to allow natural light. As opposed to contemporaneous Ranch and Split-Level houses, the Contemporary Style was easily adaptable for houses to be built on steeply sloping sites; as such, examples may look completely different from one side to another. Front façades may reveal little about the house itself, with broad expanses of uninterrupted wall surface typical as well as recessed or obscured entry doors. Rear and side façades are often window walls composed of sections of large, mostly fixed, single panes of glass; this indoor-outdoor connection is further enhanced by floor and ceiling materials and roof beams that continue from the inside out, making the glass wall seem to disappear. Exposed timbers and beams, low broad chimneys, and carports are other common elements. 118 Seventh Day Adventist Church, Goff Avenue Floyd Norrish House, Webster Avenue Juel S. Market, Irene Drive John L. Gunsolley House, Trimble Street 56

60 First Presbyterian Church & School, Rudolph Road Chapel Heights Methodist Church, E. Hamilton Avenue A common architectural style in the survey area during its time, 20 examples of Contemporary Style buildings were included in the survey. Representative examples of Contemporary Style buildings in the survey include the following: Address Historic Name 119 Date 120 Class 2105 E. Clairemont Avenue Stucky Chiropractic Center 1959 Surveyed 807 W. Clairemont Avenue University 66 Service Station 1967 Surveyed 1617 Drummond Street Roy S. Risberg House 1959 Surveyed 2753 Fourth Street Kingdom Hall of Jehovah's Witness c.1960 Surveyed 1701 Goff Avenue Seventh Day Adventist Church 1952 Surveyed 300 E. Hamilton Avenue Chapel Heights United Methodist Church 1968 Surveyed 3030 Irene Drive Juel S. Market House 1959 Surveyed 2112 Rudolph Road First Presbyterian Church & School 1965 Surveyed 2214 Trimble Street John L. Gunsolley House 1962 Surveyed 1514 Webster Avenue Floyd Norrish House 1957 Surveyed Organic The Organic style, popular from 1950 through the present day, is based on the design of the built environment and its relationship with, responding to rather than imposing itself upon, the natural environment and the building materials used in its construction. The style favors natural shapes and interesting geometries as opposed to the orthogonal straight lines of other modern architectural movements. Considered America s premier Organic architect, Frank Lloyd Wright declared that form no longer followed function; it was one and the same. Wright decried the International Style as pieces of white sculpture able to be placed anywhere in the world, and not designed for a specific location, with local materials, and adapted to the conditions of the site. Doing such things both reflected the ideals of the environmentalist movement of the 1960s and 1970s and allowed buildings to take full advantage of passive solar building design. Later examples of Organic architecture would become characterized by more free-form designs, inspired by the landscape or organic shapes found in leaves, shells, flowers, and fauna. 121 House, Chippewa River Drive 57

61 A very rare architectural style in the survey area, one example of an Organic style building was included in the survey. An example of an Organic style building in the survey includes the following: Address Historic Name 122 Date 123 Class 3732 Chippewa River Drive Sigurdson R. Gram House 1978 Surveyed New Formalist New Formalism, popular during the 1950s through 1970s, is a ceremonial modern style that uses the building materials and technologies of modern architecture to update or convey classical forms. Compared to the International Style, the most predominant non-residential style of the time, examples are generally monumental, rather than minimalist. The style is characterized by symmetrical façades with columnar arch supports, buildings set upon a concrete block-like structure or plynth, and flat slab roofs. Smooth, unadorned wall surfaces are commonly clad with stone, brick, or marble. Other common elements may include ornamental concrete or metal screens, slender attenuated columns, and courtyards. The New Formalist style was primarily a civic and commercial style. St. James the Greater Catholic Church, Eleventh Street Marvin J. Market House, Fear Street A very rare architectural style in the survey area, two examples of New Formalist style buildings were included in the survey. Representative examples of New Formalist style buildings in the survey include the following: Address Historic Name 124 Date 125 Class 2502 Eleventh Street St. James the Greater Catholic Church 1960 Contributing* 3325 Fear Street Marvin J. Market House 1971 Surveyed * Contributing to the proposed St. James the Greater Catholic Church & School Historic Complex 58

62 Brutalist The Brutalist style grew during the 1950s from an aesthetic preference to expose the building materials, especially rough concrete and structural supports, to a monumental architectural style defined by utilizing materials in a direct and visible way. The style was named for the French term for raw concrete, béton brut, and remained popular through the 1970s. In opposition to the glass curtain wall of the International Style, Brutalism favors bulky and angular forms with few visible glass surfaces, or theoretically a low ratio of void to solid surface. Characteristic features include bulky angular exteriors, unornamented façades, recessed windows often in vertical slits, exposed ductwork, and exposed concrete, brick, stucco, and very rarely wood. A hallmark of the style is concrete formed with small ridges broken off in an affect closely resembling corduroy. The style was most often utilized for civic and institutional buildings. 126 Lutheran Church of the Good Shepard, Cedar Street A very rare architectural style in the survey area, one example of a Brutalist style building was included in the survey. An example of a Brutalist style building in the survey includes the following: Address Historic Name 127 Date 128 Class 1120 Cedar Street Lutheran Church of the Good Shepard 1954 Eligible A-Frame The A-Frame style, popular from the 1950s through the 1970s, developed in California and the western United States and became especially popular during the 1960s via do-it-yourself kits and plans. The style s success was a result of its simple construction and adaptability to a variety of materials and climates. The A-Frame is marked by a high peaked gable roof continuing down to ground level, in a shape resembling the letter A. The dramatic one-and-one-half or two-and-one-half story interior space generally features large areas of windows in each gable end. The style sometimes resulted in small and awkward interior conditions, lack of natural light, and inefficient heating and cooling; as a result, subsequent additions of other built forms are common. Despite its practical shortcomings, the A-Frame was primarily used for vacation homes, but was occasionally incorporated into commercial buildings, restaurants, and churches

63 Kent R. Garrison House, Lehman Street A very rare architectural style in the survey area, one example of an A-Frame style building was included in the survey. An example of an A-Frame style building in the survey includes the following: Address Historic Name 130 Date 131 Class 1910 Lehman Street Kent R. Garrison House 1967 Surveyed Shed The Shed style, popular from 1965 to 1990, was an architectural movement to create dynamic interior spaces through use of bold diagonals, counterpointed shapes, and multiple massing in reaction to the standard orthogonal forms of the International Style. The style also reflected a new interest in architecture without architects and a desire for useful and simply built houses inspired by vernacular buildings such as barns, mining structures, and folk houses. The Shed style is characterized as an asymmetrical composition of box-like forms capped with single sloped shed roofs facing a variety of directions and occasionally coupled with a gabled roof, all with smooth roof-wall junctures most commonly with little or no overhang. With little added detail, elaborations are primarily various, asymmetrically placed simple windows, including ribbons of clerestory windows on high façades or above lower roof forms, vertical groupings of tall narrow upper windows over short lower panes, square box-bay saddlebag windows, and windows with boxed frames. Windows are typically fixed panes set flush with the exterior wall, the tops of which may be flat or sloped with the angle of the roof; there are typically few window openings on walls that face public areas. Exteriors are typically clad in vertical, diagonal, horizontal, or shingle wood siding, plywood that imitates wood siding, and occasionally brick veneer, sometimes in combination. When present, chimneys are most often unelaborated and clad in wood. Examples are typically one or oneand-one-half stories in height. The Shed style was also well suited for passive solar building methods of the emerging environmental movement of the 1970s

64 Bittner House, Frona Place David C. Hanson House, Frona Place A very rare architectural style in the survey area, three examples of Shed style buildings were included in the survey. Representative examples of Shed style buildings in the survey include the following: Address Historic Name 133 Date 134 Class 2201 Frona Place David C. Hanson House 1986 Surveyed 2211 Frona Place Bittner House 1979 Surveyed 3050 Riverview Drive James M. Chmel House 1978 Surveyed Postmodern The Postmodern style developed during the late 1960s as a reaction to Modern architecture unrelated to past precedent and remains popular to this day. Postmoderist design promotes incorporating or imitating traditional styles in new forms and materials to create a feeling of something both original and familiar. Examples commonly reference, combine, and juxtapose several different historic styles, periods, or regional elements within a single design, often in ironic ways. Traditional elements are often exaggerated, manipulated, or distorted. 135 Pizza Hut, E. Clairemont Avenue A rare architectural style in the survey area, one example of a Postmodern style building was included in the survey. An example of a Postmodern style building in Beloit includes the following: Address Historic Name 136 Date 137 Class 2602 E. Clairemont Avenue Pizza Hut 1967 Surveyed 61

65 Sustainable Architecture The environmental movement of the 1960s and 1970s spurred new experiments and discoveries in sustainable, green, and eco-friendly architecture. The earliest sustainable architectural design efforts generally were passive solar methods relying on the sun s energy or the stable temperature and insulating effects of the earth, or both, to reduce a building s energy requirements. To achieve a fully passive solar building, vertical designs were often constructed to facilitate natural air flow in an effort to fully or partially eliminate the need for mechanical systems. Other designs utilized thick coverings of earth for insulation. Strategies such as solar collectors, air-flow systems, heavy insulation, lack of windows, and earth coverings sometimes created unique, non-traditional or space-age façades. 138 By the 1990s, there was enough mainstream demand for green solutions that could be incorporated into conventional homes which resulted in the establishment of formal programs to promote ecological designs and materials, including the U.S. Department of Energy, the Environmental Protection Agency s (EPA) Energy Star program and the American Institute of Architects Committee on the Environment. Now one of more than 500 systems to rate energy efficiency and environmental impact, the U.S. Green Building Council established the Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) rating system to recognize exemplary projects in the areas of energy use, water efficiency, air quality, overall design, and site selection. These advancements and the influx of sustainable building products they inspired during the past two decades have allowed sustainable architecture to be constructed today in any traditional or contemporary style. 139 North Hall, c.1975 Immanuel College, 501 Grover Road A very rare architectural style in the survey area, one example of early sustainable architecture was included in the survey. An example of an early sustainable architecture style building in the survey includes the following: Address Historic Name 140 Date 141 Class 501 Grover Road Immanuel Lutheran College North Hall c.1975 Surveyed 62

66 Other Modern & Contemporary Styles The term contemporary is often used to describe mid- and late twentieth buildings that cannot be ascribed to styles detailed previously in this chapter. Architectural historians and architects have identified names for many contemporary theories of architecture; however, more research is necessary and new terminology standardized as buildings of these genres begin to reach sufficient age to be evaluated for significance under National Register of Historic Places criterion. 142 Radiologists Limited, Kenney Avenue Bertelson Company, Kenney Avenue Four examples of other contemporary or modern style buildings were included in the survey. Representative examples of other contemporary or modern style buildings in the survey include the following: Address Historic Name 143 Date 144 Class 2159 Brackett Avenue Wagner s Sixty Six And One Half Lanes 1976 Surveyed 501 Grover Road Immanuel Lutheran College South Hall c.1965 Surveyed 713 Kenney Avenue Bertelson Company 1971 Surveyed 727 Kenney Avenue Radiologists Limited 1969 Surveyed 63

67 Vernacular Forms Vernacular architecture is a term for buildings easily described as a backdrop to others that can be attributed to the previously described styles. These common buildings, whose distinguishing characteristic is their simplicity, are generally classified by their exterior massing, roof shape, and number of stories. 145 Front Gable The front gable was a common form for houses, commercial buildings, halls, churches, schools, and other types of buildings in both rural and urban Wisconsin communities from 1840 to well into the twentieth century. Characterized by a rectangular plan and gabled roof, the form is named so as its major façade is placed on the gable end of the building. Front gable buildings are most commonly one-and-one-half stories in Wisconsin; however, one, two, and two-and-one-half story versions are found. Dormers can be found on half-story versions on one or both sides of the gabled roof. Proportions of earlier examples of the form are narrower in width than the later, generally broader examples regardless of the number of stories. Correspondingly, roofs of earlier examples tend to be steeper and later versions more gently sloped. While typically symmetrical, a central or offset entry door may be sheltered by a small porch, uncovered stoop, or full porch with shed or hipped roof. The front gable form typically has a clapboard clad, or occasionally brick, exterior. Simply detailed sills and lintels, turned porch posts, decorative shingles, and oversized parlor windows are commonly the only decorative embellishment associated with the form, a lack of which disassociates the form from recognized styles of the same period in which the front gable form predominates. This front gable form should not be confused with mundane versions of other major styles. 146 Lucinda Paff House, Mead Street Kenneth Knutson House, Ruby Lane While a common vernacular form in the survey area during its time, only four examples of vernacular front gable buildings were included in the survey. Representive examples of vernacular front gable buildings in the survey include the following: Address Historic Name 147 Date 148 Class 824 Cameron Street Bert F. Johnson House 1929 Surveyed 3906 Chippewa River Drive House c.1926 Surveyed 324 Mead Street Lucinda Paff House 1910 Surveyed 1837 Ruby Lane Kenneth Knutson House 1938 Surveyed 64

68 Side Gable The side gable form, while also used for commercial and public buildings, is predominately one of the earliest and most universal of all residential forms; it has been built around the world for centuries and during all periods of white settlement in Wisconsin with a variety of materials by various ethnic groups, especially between 1840 and The form is characterized by a rectangular plan and generally low-sloped gabled roof with its major façade on one of the long sides and its roof gables on the short ends. The side gable form is often adapted to half-story heights with or without dormers, from one to three stories; the one-and-one-half story version being most common in Wisconsin. While most commonly covered in clapboards, side gable buildings can also be commonly found constructed of fieldstone, cut stone, or brick. Many early examples are log or timber-framed structures. As with other vernacular forms, earlier examples also tend to be narrower, often only one room wide. Added wings are very common on the side gable form, often as a onestory with a shed roof along the rear wall or as perpendicular extensions that form a T- or L-shaped plan to the rear. Porches are very common, partially or entirely spanning the front façade, and may have the building s only decorative embellishment such as small brackets or turned posts. The porch roof is generally not an extension of the main roof but is a separate shed, flat, or hipped roof. 149 Casper Johnson House, Bolles Street House, Hawthorne Street While a common vernacular form in the survey area during its time, only three examples of vernacular side gable buildings were included in the survey. Representative examples of vernacular side gable buildings in the survey include the following: Address Historic Name 150 Date 151 Class 316 Bolles Street Casper Johnson House 1939 Surveyed 3908 Chippewa River Drive House 1926 Surveyed 1222 Hawthorne Street Carl M. Anderson 1940 Surveyed 65

69 Astylistic Utilitarian The term astylistic utilitarian is used to describe buildings and other structures built for their utility alone and cannot be attributed to the previously described styles or forms. Generally service and outbuildings, these structures were typically constructed with minimal architectural detail and their form dictated by functional requirements. Sawyer Biscuit Company, Harris Street Arnstad-Koenig Company, Truax Boulevard Five examples of astylistic utilitarian buildings or structures were included in the survey. Representative examples of astylistic utilitarian buildings or structures in the survey include the following: Address Historic Name 152 Date 153 Class 2502 Eleventh Street St. James Catholic Church Garage Non-Contributing* 2502 Eleventh Street St. James Catholic Church Shed Non-Contributing* 917 Harris Street Sawyer Biscuit Company 1949 Surveyed 2711 Riverview Drive City of Eau Claire Pumping Station Air Stripping Facility 1986 Non-Contributing** 822 Truax Boulevard Arnstad-Koenig Co. General Contractors 1951 Surveyed * Non-Contributing to the proposed St. James the Greater Catholic Church & School Historic Complex ** Non-Contributing to the proposed Eau Claire Pumping Station & Well Field Historic Complex 66

70 Construction Materials and Methods Wood Because of its abundance in the area, wood has historically been the primary material for construction in Wisconsin. Wood has been used for residential construction in the form of studs, rafters, clapboards, shingles, and shakes. Many of Eau Claire s older historic buildings were originally sided with wood clapboard. While other exterior cladding materials were developed or made more affordable during the early twentieth century, wood clapboard siding, shingles, and board and batten siding remained popular siding materials especially as an accent material for midtwentieth century styles that promoted the use of materials in combination. George O. Birge House, Third Street Archie R. Lund House, Rust Street Casper Johnson House, Bolles Street Jeannette L. Peters House, W. Lexington Boulevard Dennis F. D Jock House, Agnes Street Hobart E. Knowlton House, Riverview Drive 67

71 Robert A. Smith House, Thirteenth Street Hobart E. Knowlton House, Riverview Drive Representative examples of historic wood framed and sided buildings in the survey area include the following: Address Historic Name 154 Date 155 Style Class 3031 Agnes Street Dennis F. D Jock House 1959 International Style Surveyed 316 Bolles Street Casper Johnson House 1939 Side Gabled Surveyed 1412 Cummings Avenue Russell M. Johnson House 1975 New Traditional Colonial Surveyed 239 W Lexington Boulevard Jeannette L. Peters House 1955 Ranch Surveyed 309 E MacArthur Avenue Lawrence Nelson House 1961 Ranch Surveyed 3413 Riverview Drive Hobart E. Knowlton House 1960 Split-Level Surveyed 1703 Rust Street Archie R. Lund House 1939 Colonial Revival Surveyed 2852 Third Street George O. Birge House 1908 Bungalow Surveyed 2804 Thirteenth Street Robert A. Smith House 1969 Split-Level Surveyed 1514 Webster Avenue Floyd L. Norrish House 1957 Contemporary Style Surveyed Stone Stone was a popular construction material historically due to its fire resistive properties and aesthetic qualities. It was used in churches, schools, and high end houses. A wide variety of masonry construction techniques and stone types were used throughout Eau Claire. After the development of masonry veneer technology in the early twentieth century, stone became more affordable and began to be used on smaller, more modest buildings. Due to the age of the subject neighborhoods, stone applications included in the survey were largely coursed fieldstone veneers. Orin H. Nelson House, Rust Street City of Eau Claire Pumping Station Cottage, c Riverview Drive 68

72 City of Eau Claire Pumping Station, Riverview Drive Ervin J. Berg House, Donald Avenue Ivar A. Walker House, S Lexington Boulevard Juel S. Market House, Irene Drive Representative examples of historic stone buildings and structures in the survey area include the following: Address Historic Name 156 Date 157 Style Class 2113 Brackett Avenue Howard M. Erickson House 1956 Ranch Surveyed 928 Cameron Trail Earl W. Nale House 1931 Bungalow Surveyed Chippewa River at Chicago, St. Paul, Minneapolis & Anderson Street Omaha Railway Bridge 1881 Deck Truss Bridge Eligible 1709 Donald Avenue Ervin J. Berg House 1947 Minimal Traditional Surveyed 3030 Irene Drive Juel S. Market House 1959 Contemporary Style Surveyed 2909 S. Lexington Blvd. Ivar A. Walker House 1953 Ranch Surveyed 2711 Riverview Drive Eau Claire Pumping Station 1945 Art Modern Contributing* 2711 Riverview Drive Eau Claire Pumping Station Cottage c.1935 Tudor Revival Contributing* 2321 Rudolph Road Anna Tittel House 1946 Minimal Traditional Surveyed 1627 Rust Street Orin H. Nelson House 1935 Colonial Revival Surveyed * Contributing to the proposed Eau Claire Pumping Station & Well Field Historic Complex 69

73 Brick Historically, brick was a very popular building material in Wisconsin. Due to fear of fire, it became widely used in commercial buildings as a replacement for earlier wood framed buildings. Its use was also prevalent on churches, schools, and high end houses. After the development of masonry veneer technology in the early twentieth century, brick became more affordable and was to be extensively on more modest buildings. Due to the age of the subject neighborhoods, brick applications included in the survey were largely brick veneers in a wide variety of colors. Andrew Moholt House, Fourteenth Street Orin H. Nelson House, Rust Street House, Partridge Avenue John J. Lindner House, Rust Street Sawyer Biscuit Company, Harris Street House 2820 Fifth Street 70

74 House, c Eleventh Street St. James the Greater Catholic Church, Eleventh Street First Presbyterian Church & School, Rudolph Road Lutheran Church of the Good Shepard, Cedar Street Representative examples of historic brick buildings in the survey area include the following: Address Historic Name 158 Date 159 Style Class 1120 Cedar Street Lutheran Church of the Good Shepard 1954 Brutalist Eligible 2328 Eleventh Street House 1961 Ranch Surveyed 2502 Eleventh Street St. James the Greater Catholic Church 1960 New Formalist Contributing* 2820 Fifth Street House 1948 Minimal Traditional Surveyed 2425 Fourteenth Street Andrew Moholt House 1921 Bungalow Surveyed 917 Harris Street Sawyer Biscuit Company 1949 Astylistic Utilitarian Surveyed 1101 Partridge Avenue House 1936 International Style Surveyed 2112 Rudolph Road First Presbyterian Church & School 1965 Contemporary Style Surveyed 1627 Rust Street Orin H. Nelson House 1935 Tudor Revival Surveyed 1725 Rust Street John J. Lindner House 1939 Colonial Revival Surveyed *Contributing to the proposed St. James the Greater Catholic Church & School Historic Complex 71

75 Concrete An experimental building material during the early twentieth century, concrete was rarely used as an exterior finish material in Wisconsin during that time. As development of concrete block and precasting methods improved, concrete became a standard building material and commonly used with various mid-twentieth century architectural styles. It was also utilized for a period of time in rare applications in the form of small curved tiles as an alternative to clay tile roofing. Lucinda Paff House, Mead Street Marlo A. Orth House, E. Grant Avenue Dennis F. D'Jock House, Agnes Street Marvin J. Market House, Fear Street Representative examples of concrete historic buildings in the survey area include the following: Address Historic Name 160 Date 161 Style Class 3031 Agnes Street Dennis F. D'Jock House 1959 International Style Surveyed Chippewa River at Mead St. Eau Claire Dells Dam 1914 N/A Surveyed 3325 Fear Street Marvin J. Market House 1971 New Formalist Surveyed 712 E Grant Avenue Marlo A. Orth House 1962 Ranch Surveyed 501 Grover Road Immanuel Lutheran College South Hall c.1965 Contemporary Style Surveyed 501 Grover Road Immanuel Lutheran College North Hall c.1975 Sustainable Surveyed 324 Mead Street Lucinda Paff House 1910 Front Gabled Surveyed 822 Truax Boulevard Arnstad-Koenig Company 1951 Astylistic Utilitarian Surveyed 72

76 Aluminum While aluminum siding is typically considered as a replacement siding which has an adverse effect on a building s architectural integrity, this is not always the case. After World War II, aluminum became popular to both builders and homeowners as a low-maintenance alternative to wood siding. Aluminum rapidly became the standard siding material for new construction, especially on small, cost-efficient Ranch and simplified Colonial Revival style residences built in from the 1940s onward. Oscar H. Labude House, c Frederic Street House, Fifth Street House, Sixth Street William E. Sherman House, Drury Court Representative examples of historic buildings demonstrating the early use of aluminum siding in the survey area include the following: Address Historic Name 162 Date 163 Style Class 1603 Drummond Street Bernard Romin House 1939 Mansard Surveyed 1602 Drury Court William E. Sherman House 1958 Ranch Surveyed 2810 Fifth Street House 1952 Minimal Traditional Surveyed 409 W Fillmore Avenue Albert C. Vroome House 1956 Ranch Surveyed 1701 Frederic Street Oscar H. Labude House 1948 Minimal Traditional Surveyed 2202 Henry Avenue Jerry Krogman House 1973 New Traditional Classical Surveyed 405 Ingram Drive House c.1955 Split-Level Surveyed 2611 Kay Street Charles E. Colburn House 1965 Ranch Surveyed 518 & 520 Mead Street Richard R. Heleniak Duplex 1950 Colonial Revival Surveyed 2917 Sixth Street House 1956 Split-Level Surveyed 73

77 Architects Richard D. Burke Richard D. Burke, born in 1929, studied architecture at the University of Wichita in Wichita, Kansas, during the 1950s where he became friends with brothers Dan and Frank Carney, who founded Pizza Hut in that city in Burke formed an architectural partnership with B.J. Kingdon in Wichita; the firm is known to have designed several office buildings and luxury apartment complexes in that city. The partnership dissolved by the late 1960s. In 1964, the Carney brothers contracted Burke to design a standardized and unique building design to distinguish their brand, such as fellow Wichita-based chain White Castle utilized. Dan Carney s wife, Beverly, suggested the building should look like a hut, after the brand s name. At a time when futuristic commercial strip architecture of the 1950s began falling out of favor, Burke design a more traditional style prototype with a prominent low, two-pitched mansard, pavilion-style roof and trapezoid-shaped windows. It is believed that Burke s design for Pizza Hut was heavily influenced by Ernest J. Kump s awardwinning, modular design for Foothill College in Los Altos Hills, California. The Carneys rejected Burke s initial proposed fee of $32,000 and instead agreed to pay him a $100 royalty for each restaurant built. By the twenty-first century, over 6,300 Pizza Hut restaurants based on his design were constructed. Burke died in A building that can be attributed to Richard D. Burke in the survey includes the following: Address Historic Name 165 Date 166 Style Class 2602 E. Clairemont Avenue Pizza Hut 1967 Postmodern Surveyed Don Haugen Don Haugen was an architect based in Wisconsin Rapids, Wisconsin, during the mid-twentieth century. Little else is known at the present time about the career of Don Haugen except for the following building included in the survey: Address Historic Name 167 Date 168 Style Class Old Lutheran Church of the Good 1120 Cedar Street 1954 Contemporary Style Eligible* Shepherd * Eligible as a contributing component of the subsequent Lutheran Church of the Good Shepherd constructed onto the old church in Grant Paul Grant Paul was an architect that practiced in Eau Claire during the mid-twentieth century. Little else is known at the present time about the career of Grant Paul except for the following building included in the survey: Address Historic Name 169 Date 170 Style Class Old Lutheran Church of the Good 1120 Cedar Street 1958 Contemporary Style Eligible* Shepherd Educational Unit * Eligible as a contributing component of the subsequent Lutheran Church of the Good Shepherd constructed onto the old church in

78 Charles Adams Platt Charles Adams Platt was born the son of John Henry Platt and Mary Elizabeth Cheney Platt in Manhattan, New York, in The member of a wealthy family with several artists for relatives, Platt developed an interest in art early in life and enrolled at the National Academy of Design in He joined the Art Students League and traveled to Europe the following year. He traveled to Europe again in 1882 to develop his interest in painting. From 1884 to 1885, he studied in the atelier of Jules Joseph Lefebvre in Paris. While in Europe, he met his first wife, Annie Corbin Hoe; they were married in the spring of The newlywed couple returned to the United States that year. 171 After the death of his father in 1886 and Annie in 1887, Platt was largely inactive in his work until the summer of 1889, when he was invited by Henry Oliver Walker to join the Cornish Arts Colony in New Hampshire. In 1890, Platt was commissioned to design an Italian Villa style house and garden for his Cornish neighbor, Annie Lazarus. He further explored his ideas on Italian villa architecture during a trip with his brother William to photograph Renaissance gardens in Italy in After his return, Platt received several more landscape and architectural commissions in Cornish and beyond, first for gardens and then for entire country estates. He remarried, to Eleanor Hardy Bunker, in Platt authored and featured his photographs in an influential book entitled Italian Gardens published by Harper & Brothers in His work soon began being published with national exposure as well. He also became well known as an artist for his etchings and landscape paintings. For a brief period of time after World War I, he served as a member of the Food Administration in Italy. 173 Platt established an architectural practice in New York City by He would design country houses and gardens through his entire career, but also became known for his urban commercial and institutional designs, particularly after Platt was commissioned numerous times between 1906 and 1932 by the Vincent Astor estate office. He designed the Freer Gallery of Art in Washington, D.C., in 1913, the first of his nine museum commissions. He also completed or consulted on several large campus planning projects, including for the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign and Phillips Academy in Andover, Massachusetts. 174 Throughout his life, Platt maintained a house and garden in Cornish, in addition to his office and residence in Manhattan. Platt and his wife had five children. His sons William and Geoffrey would both go on to practice architecture in New York City as well. He died in Cornish in A collection of his artist work, architectural files, and personal writings is kept at Columbia University in New York City. 175 Buildings that can be attributed to Charles A. Platt in the survey include the following: Address Historic Name 176 Date 177 Style Class 501 Grover Road Erskine B. Ingram House / Immanuel Lutheran College Ingram Hall 1922 Colonial Revival Surveyed 501 Grover Road Erskine B. Ingram Estate Gardener s House / Immanuel Lutheran College West Hall 1922 Colonial Revival Surveyed 75

79 Sovik, Mathre & Madson Sovik, Mathre & Madson was an architectural firm based in Madison, Wisconsin, during the midtwentieth century. 178 Little is known at the present time about Sovik, Mathre & Madson except for the design of the following building included in the survey: Address Historic Name 179 Date 180 Style Class 1120 Cedar Street Lutheran Church of the Good Shepherd 1969 Brutalist Eligible Contractors and Masons Arnstad-Koenig Company The general contracting firm Arnstad-Koenig Company constructed a combination office and shop in the Upper Westside Neighborhood during the mid-twentieth century. The company continues to occupy the building today as Arnstadt Home Builders Inc. Little else is known at the present time about the Arnstad-Koenig Company except for the following building included in the survey: Address Historic Name 181 Date 182 Style Class 822 Truax Boulevard Arnstad-Koenig Company 1951 Astylistic Utilitarian Surveyed Beatty & Bingham The residential contracting partnership of Beatty & Bingham constructed Ranch style houses in the Dells Park & Riverview Neighborhood during the late 1950s through early 1960s, including a house for Robert L. Beatty himself. Beatty may have continued working on his own during the mid-1960s; it is unknown if the partnership dissolved by this time. Little else is known at the present time about the partnership of Beatty & Bingham except for the following buildings included in the survey: Address Historic Name 183 Date 184 Style Class 1602 Drury Court William E. Sherman House 1958 Ranch Surveyed 1606 Drury Court Rodger M. Anderson House 1959 Ranch Surveyed 1416 Howard Avenue Robert L. Beatty House 1962 Ranch Surveyed 1430 Howard Avenue * Ernest E. Bruce House 1966 Ranch Surveyed * Attributed solely to Robert L. Beatty Everett Blakely Everett Blakely constructed Ranch and Split-Level style houses in the Arlington & Putnam Heights Neighborhood during the late 1950s through early 1960s. 76

80 Little else is known at the present time about the career of Everett Blakely except for the following buildings included in the survey: Address Historic Name 185 Date 186 Style Class 2329 Jordan Court Arthur A. James House 1963 Colonial Ranch Surveyed 2329 Jordan Court Robert G. Fossland House 1963 Spilt Level Surveyed 1616 Lloyd Avenue Wendell W. Wilson House 1957 Ranch Surveyed 1810 Lloyd Avenue Joseph W. Girard House 1959 Ranch Surveyed Hartwick Hanson Hartwick Hanson constructed Contemporary, Ranch, and Split-Level style houses in the Arlington & Putnam Heights Neighborhood during the late 1960s through early 1970s. Little else is known at the present time about the career of Hartwick Hanson except for the following buildings included in the survey: Address Historic Name 187 Date 188 Style Class 1439 Cummings Avenue Wayne W. LaGasse House 1973 Split-Level Surveyed 3151 May Street Jim A. Epps House 1974 Ranch Surveyed 1436 Taft Avenue Dale W. Syth House 1968 Split-Level Surveyed Lisle Harrison Lisle Harrison constructed Ranch style houses in the Arlington & Putnam Heights Neighborhood during the mid-1950s through early 1960s. Little else is known at the present time about the career of Lisle Harrison except for the following buildings included in the survey: Address Historic Name 189 Date 190 Style Class 121 W. Fillmore Avenue Asher E. Rost House 1956 Ranch Surveyed 510 E. Grant Avenue William B. Dinkel House 1962 Ranch Surveyed 712 E. Grant Avenue Frederick A. Zank House 1962 Ranch Surveyed 712 E. Grant Avenue Marlo A. Orth House 1962 Ranch Surveyed 2816 Nimitz Street Elmer Johnson House 1962 Ranch Surveyed Hoeppner-Bartlett Co. Frederick Hoeppner and William Bartlett founded a construction company with the name Hoeppner and Bartlett in Eau Claire in The partnership incorporated to become the Hoeppner-Bartlett Company in 1904 with a capital of $50,000. Throughout its history, the company constructed numerous commercial, public, institutional, and religious buildings in the city, including Schofield Hall on the UW-Eau Claire campus, Sacred Heart Catholic Church, Eau Claire City Hall, the old Eau Claire Public Library, Walter Brewing Company, and the American National Bank Building. The company constructed several commercial buildings in the Arlington & Putnam Heights Neighborhood during the late 1960s through early 1970s

81 Buildings that are attributed to Hoeppner-Bartlett Co.in the survey include the following: Address Historic Name 192 Date 193 Style Class 807 W Clairemont Avenue University 66 Service Station 1967 Contemporary Style Surveyed 713 Kenney Avenue Bertelson Company 1971 Other Modern Style Surveyed Wayne Jensen Wayne Jensen constructed Ranch and Split-Level style houses throughout the City of Eau Claire during the late 1950s through late 1960s. Little else is known at the present time about the career of Wayne Jensen except for the following buildings included in the survey: Address Historic Name 194 Date 195 Style Class 3120 Clinton Court William H. Walter House 1968 Split-Level Surveyed 2844 Eleventh Street House 1967 Neoclassical Styled Ranch Surveyed 1303 Folsom Street Leonard B. Miller House 1965 Ranch Surveyed 2611 Kay Street Charles E. Colburn House 1965 Ranch Surveyed 1407 E. Lexington Blvd. Edwin B. Livesey House 1958 Ranch Surveyed 1705 Oaklawn Drive Marshall L. Hughes House 1965 Ranch Surveyed 863 Truax Boulevard Helmer Olson House 1962 Ranch Surveyed 2822 Twelfth Street William L. Jacobson House 1967 Ranch Surveyed 2840 Twelfth Street Robert L. Wheeler House 1968 Ranch Surveyed Howard Juliot Howard Juliot constructed Ranch, Split-Level, and New Traditional style houses in the Arlington & Putnam Heights Neighborhood during the early 1960s through late 1970s. Little else is known at the present time about the career of Howard Juliot except for the following buildings included in the survey: Address Historic Name 196 Date 197 Style Class 1107 Cummings Avenue James J. Repinski House 1973 Split-Level Surveyed 1412 Cummings Avenue Russell M. Johnson House 1975 New Traditional Colonial Surveyed 918 E. Hamilton Avenue Roy F. Prueher House 1972 Split-Level Surveyed 309 E. MacArthur Avenue Lawrence Nelson House 1961 Ranch Surveyed 1330 Nixon Avenue Robert J. Nelson House 1978 Split-Level Surveyed 2905 Patton Street Gerald E. Paul House 1961 Ranch Surveyed 1428 Webster Avenue Ray R. Mortt House 1976 Ranch Surveyed Jungerberg Bros. The Jungerberg Brothers constructed Ranch, Split-Level, and Mansard style houses in the Arlington & Putnam Heights Neighborhood during the early to mid-1960s. Each brother worked on his own at times as well; Felix E. Jungerberg constructed a house for himself in the 1950s and early 1970s; Arvin Jungerberg during the early 1970s, and Milton during the mid-1960s. 78

82 Little else is known at the present time about the careers of Jungerberg Brothers except for the following buildings included in the survey: Address Historic Name 198 Date 199 Style Class 913 Bradley Avenue F Gerald G. Steinke House 1973 Mansard Surveyed 1043 Bradley Avenue A Gary A. Mahnke House 1969 Ranch Surveyed 1209 Bradley Avenue A Orville L. Bierman House 1972 Ranch Surveyed 803 E. Fillmore Avenue M Rev. Julius H. Kolberg House 1966 Ranch Surveyed 409 E. Grant Avenue Frank E. Cairns House 1962 Ranch Surveyed 124 E. Hamilton Avenue A Rev. Vernon B. Van Bruggen House 1971 Ranch Surveyed 220 E. Hamilton Avenue A Ronald J. Darrin House 1971 Ranch Surveyed 228 E. Hamilton Avenue A Robert T. Hale House 1971 Ranch Surveyed 2902 Rudolph Road F Felix E. Jungerberg House 1954 Ranch Surveyed 3008 Rudolph Road Felix E. Jungerberg House 1960 Ranch Surveyed 1004 E. Tyler Avenue Robert C. Budik House 1964 Split-Level Surveyed A Attributed solely to Arvin Jungerberg F Attributed solely to Felix E. Jungerberg M Attributed solely to Milton Jungerberg Joe Krall Joe Krall constructed Contemporary, Ranch, Split-Level, and New Traditional style houses throughout the City of Eau Claire during the 1960s. Little else is known at the present time about the career of Joe Krall except for the following buildings included in the survey: Address Historic Name 200 Date 201 Style Class 1620 Drummond Street Orth I. Dains House 1961 Colonial Styled Ranch Surveyed 1628 Drummond Street Egon Weiss House 1962 Ranch Surveyed 1704 Drummond Street Peter J. Scarseth House 1964 Ranch Surveyed 1735 Drummond Street James W. Merritt House 1964 Colonial Styled Ranch Surveyed 617 Mead Street Loren G. Kassera House 1962 Ranch Surveyed 1609 Taft Avenue Marie M. Jaastad House 1967 New Traditional Tudor Surveyed 2214 Trimble Street John L. Gunsolley House 1962 Contemporay Style Surveyed Loan Service, Inc. The commercial contracting firm Loan Service, Inc. constructed Ranch and Colonial Revival style multi-family dwellings in the Arlington & Putnam Heights Neighborhood during the mid-1960s. Little else is known at the present time about Loan Service, Inc. except for the following buildings included in the survey: Address Historic Name 202 Date 203 Style Class 720 & 722 W. MacArthur Avenue Duplex 1966 Ranch Surveyed 2827 & 2829 Richard Drive Duplex 1966 Ranch Surveyed 2831 & 2833 Richard Drive Duplex 1966 Ranch Surveyed 2812 & 2814 Thomas Drive Apartments 1965 Colonial Revival Surveyed 2831 & 2833 Thomas Drive Duplex 1965 Ranch Surveyed 2832 & 2834 Thomas Drive Duplex 1965 Ranch Surveyed 79

83 Alf Nygaard Alf Nygaard constructed Ranch style houses in the Arlington & Putnam Heights Neighborhood during the early 1950s through late 1960s. Little else is known at the present time about the career of Alf Nygaard except for the following buildings included in the survey: Address Historic Name 204 Date 205 Style Class 1221 Bradley Avenue Ralph C. Gilbertson House 1968 Colonial Styled Ranch Surveyed 1003 E. Lexington Blvd. Gerald E. Kitzberger House 1958 Ranch Surveyed 2705 May Street William T. Gohn House 1962 Ranch Surveyed 215 W. Truman Avenue Clifton L. Husburg House 1953 Ranch Surveyed 401 E. Tyler Avenue Roy M. Hendrickson House 1964 Ranch Surveyed 415 E. Tyler Avenue Thiman D. Gilbertson House 1963 Ranch Surveyed 904 E. Tyler Avenue Daryl H. Wohlert House 1965 Ranch Surveyed Steen Construction Co. The commercial contracting firm Steen Construction Co. was active in Eau Claire during the midtwentieth century. 206 Little is known at the present time about the Steen Construction Co. except for the following building included in the survey: Address Historic Name 207 Date 208 Style Class 1120 Cedar Street Lutheran Church of the Good Shepherd 1969 Brutalist Eligible United Builders Co. The residential contracting firm United Builders Co. constructed a development of Minimal Traditional style houses on Hoover Avenue during the early to mid-1940s. Little else is known at the present time about the United Builders Co. except for the following buildings included in the survey: Address Historic Name 209 Date 210 Style Class 1313 Hoover Avenue Walter & Geraldine Crisp House 1945 Minimal Traditional Contributing * 1317 Hoover Avenue Arnold S. Walker House 1940 Ranch Non-Contributing * 1321 Hoover Avenue Evander & Mayme Noble House 1944 Minimal Traditional Contributing * 1403 Hoover Avenue John & Ida Noble House 1944 Minimal Traditional Contributing * 1407 Hoover Avenue Elmer & Angeline Johnson House 1944 Minimal Traditional Contributing * 1411 Hoover Avenue Ernest & Lucille Geisler House 1944 Minimal Traditional Contributing * 1417 Hoover Avenue Carl E. Bjorke House 1944 Minimal Traditional Contributing * 1423 Hoover Avenue Walter S. Remund House 1944 Minimal Traditional Contributing * 1429 Hoover Avenue Walter L. Becker House 1944 Minimal Traditional Contributing * 1433 Hoover Avenue Roy N. & Frances Whelihan House 1944 Minimal Traditional Contributing * 1439 Hoover Avenue Morris & Mildred Abrams House 1945 Minimal Traditional Contributing * * Contributing or Non-Contributing to the proposed Hoover Avenue Residential Historic District 80

84 Walker Bros. / Walker Construction The Walker Brothers were residential and commercial contractors that constructed Contemporary, International, Ranch, and New Traditional style houses and churches throughout the City of Eau Claire under the name Walker Bros. during the early to mid-1950s, under the name Walker Construction during the 1960s, and again as Walker Bros., Inc. during the 1970s. Andrew and Tony Walker each worked on his own during the mid-1950s as well. Little else is known at the present time about the careers of Walker Brothers except for the following buildings included in the survey: Address Historic Name 211 Date 212 Style Class 1120 Cedar Street Old Lutheran Church of the Good Shepherd Educational Unit 1958 Contemporary Style Eligible* 1703 Drummond Street Melvin S. Cohen House 1961 International Style Surveyed 300 E. Hamilton Avenue Chapel Heights United Methodist 1968 Contemporay Style Surveyed Church 2909 S. Lexington Blvd. Ivar A. Walker House 1953 Ranch Surveyed 246 W. Lexington Blvd. Joseph A. Olson House 1955 Ranch Surveyed 3018 Sherman Street Theo E. Mollerud House 1977 New Traditional Colonial Surveyed 3015 State Street T Jacob C. Johnson House 1955 Ranch Surveyed 144 Viking Place A William E. Henning House 1954 Ranch Surveyed A Attributed solely to Andrew Walker T Attributed solely to Tony Walker * Eligible as a contributing component of the subsequent Lutheran Church of the Good Shepherd constructed onto the old church and educational unit in

85 This page intentionally left blank. 82

86 8 Education Primary Education First Presbyterian School The First Presbyterian Church constructed a combination church and school in the Arlington & Putnam Heights Neighborhood in The First Presbyterian Church & School, located at 2112 Rudolph Road, was included in the survey but is not eligible for listing in the National Register of Historic Places. For more information on First Presbyterian Church, refer to Chapter 9 Religion. Three classrooms were added in 1983; and a vestibule addition was constructed in While the church continues to occupy the building today, it no longer operates a school. 213 First Presbyterian Church & School, Rudolph Road Manz Elementary School W.R. Manz Elementary School was constructed near the center of the Arlington and Putnam Heights Neighborhood sometime during the mid- to late twentieth century. W.R. Manz Elementary School, located at 1000 E. Fillmore Avenue, was not included in the survey as subsequent additions and alterations have too greatly diminished its original architectural integrity. Putnam Heights Elementary School Putnam Heights Elementary School was constructed on the western edge of the Arlington & Putnam Heights Neighborhood sometime during the mid- to late twentieth century. Putnam Heights Elementary School, located at 633 W. MacArthur Avenue, was not included in the survey as it is located immediately outside of the survey boundaries. Roosevelt Elementary School Roosevelt Elementary School was constructed near the center of the Upper Westside Neighborhood sometime during the mid- to late twentieth century. Roosevelt Elementary School, located at 908 Folsom Street, was not included in the survey as subsequent additions and alterations have too greatly diminished its original architectural integrity. 83

87 St. James the Greater Catholic School A new Catholic congregation was formed on the west side of the City of Eau Claire in 1948, and named after St. James the Greater. For more information on St. James the Greater Catholic Church, refer to Chapter 9 Religion. The parish constructed a school building in 1950, which also served as a meeting place for its Sunday services. St. James the Greater Catholic School, located at 2502 Eleventh Street, was included in the survey and is eligible for listing in the National Register of Historic Places as contributing resource in the proposed St. James the Greater Catholic Church & School Historic Complex under Criterion C in the area of Architecture as a locally significant collection of Art Moderne and New Formalist style religious and educational resources. 214 St. James the Greater Catholic School, Eleventh Street As a residence housing sisters of the Saint Bede Priory was constructed in 1956 near St. James the Greater Catholic School; as this was quite a distance from the Priory s main campus it is presumed that sisters of the Saint Bede Priory taught at the St. James the Greater Catholic School around this point in time. For more information on the Saint Bede Priory, refer to Chapter 9 Religion. 215 St. James the Greater Catholic School consolidated with several other local Catholic elementary and middle schools and high school to form the Catholic Area Schools of the Eau Claire Deanery (C.A.S.E.) in 1998; the new system continued using St. James School as one of its three elementary school sites to serve kindergarten through 5 th grade. In 2011, C.A.S.E. became Regis Catholic Schools. St. James the Greater Catholic School continues to operate in the building to this day. 216 Secondary Education Eau Claire Memorial High School Eau Claire Memorial High School was constructed near the northeast corner of the Arlington & Putnam Heights Neighborhood in Eau Claire Memorial High School, located at 2225 Keith Street, was not included in the survey as subsequent additions and alterations have too greatly diminished its original architectural integrity. 217 Vocational and Extension Education Chippewa Valley Technical College Health Education Center A new academic building to house the Chippewa Valley Technical College s Health Education Center and an accompanying large parking lot were recently constructed on the northern edge of the Arlington & Putnam Heights Neighborhood, connected by a modern pedestrian bridge across 84

88 Clairemont Avenue to its main campus. The Chippewa Valley Technical College Health Education Center and Pedestrian Bridge, both located at 615 W. Clairemont Ave, were not included in the survey as they are not of age to be considered historic resources. The Chippewa Valley Technical College main campus was not included in the survey as it is located outside of the survey boundaries. The building also houses the Chippewa Valley Technical College Dental Clinic and the University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire Family Medicine Clinic. 218 Private Colleges Immanuel Lutheran College During the late 1950s, a large number of members of Immanuel Lutheran Church in Mankato, Minnesota, found themselves without a church-affiliated school to attend due to numerous withdrawal of schools from the synod. In reaction to this problem in 1959, the members of the congregation formed a private association to found what would become a high school, college, and seminary. Members donated labor and materials to remodel a vacant school building in that city to serve the new school. Arrangements with nearby Mankato State University allowed college students to take secular subjects at that university and religious and teacher-training classes at the new school. Classes were initially taught by part-time instructors. With a growth in enrollment, another building and additional faculty were soon added. In 1961, the school became affiliated with the newly organized Church of the Lutheran Confession. 219 In 1963, the church resolved to purchase a larger, permanent campus for the growing school and obtained the former estate of the late businessman Erskine B. Ingram, used from 1959 to 1962 as a retirement home, on the southern outskirts of the City of Eau Claire. The Erskine B. Ingram House, and Gardener s House, both located at 501 Grover Road, were included in the survey. Further assessment of the interior of the Erskine B. Ingram House, which is beyond the scope of this survey, is necessary to determine its eligibility for listing in the National Register of Historic Places under Criterion B for its association with Erskine B. Ingram. For more information on Erskine B. Ingram, refer to Chapter 13 Notable People. Dedication of the new campus and the commencement of classes there occurred in September of that year. The original estate house became known as Ingram Hall; and its former gardener s house that had been renovated into a dormitory by the retirement home became known as West Hall. 220 Erskine B. Ingram House / Ingram Hall, Grover Road Erskine B. Ingram Estate Gardener s House, Grover Road 85

89 A Contemporary style dormitory, South Hall, was constructed onto the south side of the connector between Ingram Hall and West Hall, presumably soon after the school acquired the estate. Immanuel Lutheran College South Hall, located at 501 Grover Road, was included in the survey but is not eligible for listing in the National Register of Historic Places. Immanuel Lutheran College South Hall, c Grover Road Immanuel Lutheran College North Hall, c Grover Road An additional dormitory, North Hall, with a passive solar design and other early sustainable technologies, and several other buildings were constructed in subsequent decades northwest of Ingram Hall. Immanuel Lutheran College North Hall, located at 501 Grover Road, was included in the survey but is not eligible for listing in the National Register of Historic Places. The Immanuel Lutheran College academic buildings, located at 501 Grover Road, were not included in the survey as they are not of age or to be considered historic resources. During the 1960s and 1970s, a number of Ranch and Split-Level style houses were constructed along the edges of the campus, presumably for faculty and staff. The houses located at 405 Ingram Drive, 507 Ingram Drive W, and 513 Ingram Drive W were included in the survey but are not eligible for listing in the National Register of Historic Places. Several houses located on the campus grounds along Ingram Drive W were not included in the survey as subsequent additions and alterations have too greatly diminished its original architectural integrity. Immanuel Lutheran College House, c Ingram Drive The school continues to operate on the campus under the name Immanuel Lutheran High School, College & Seminary. 86

90 List of Surveyed Historic Resources Mentioned in the Text Address Historic Name 221 Date 222 Class 2502 Eleventh Street St. James the Greater Catholic School 1950 Contributing* 501 Grover Road Erskine B. Ingram House / Immanuel Lutheran College Ingram Hall 1922 Surveyed 501 Grover Road Erskine B. Ingram Estate Gardener s House/ Immanuel Lutheran College West Hall 1922 Surveyed 501 Grover Road Immanuel Lutheran College South Hall c.1965 Surveyed 501 Grover Road Immanuel Lutheran College North Hall c.1975 Surveyed 405 Ingram Drive Immanuel Lutheran College House c.1965 Surveyed 507 Ingram Drive W Immanuel Lutheran College House c.1970 Surveyed 513 Ingram Drive W Immanuel Lutheran College House c.1970 Surveyed 2112 Rudolph Road First Presbyterian Church & School 1965 Surveyed *Contributing to the proposed St. James the Greater Catholic Church & School Historic Complex 87

91 This page intentionally left blank. 88

92 9 Religion Baptist Calvary Baptist Church Calvary Baptist Church was constructed near the northeast corner of the Arlington and Putnam Heights Neighborhood sometime during the early to mid-twentieth century. Calvary Baptist Church, located at 1805 Goff Avenue, was not included in the survey as subsequent alterations have too greatly diminished its original architectural integrity. The church has since dissolved; and today, the building houses Chippewa Valley Church. Salem Baptist Church Salem Baptist Church was constructed on the north side of the Arlington and Putnam Heights Neighborhood sometime during the late twentieth century. Salem Baptist Church, located at 1210 E. Clairemont Avenue, was not included in the survey as it is not of age to be considered an historic resource. Trinity Baptist Church Trinity Baptist Church was constructed near the southeastern corner of the Arlington and Putnam Heights Neighborhood sometime during the mid- to late twentieth century. Trinity Baptist Church, located at 3439 Hester Street, was not included in the survey as subsequent alterations have too greatly diminished its original architectural integrity. Catholic Saint Bede s Priory House The Sisters of the Order of Saint Benedict in St. Joseph, Minnesota, sent a group of sisters to Eau Claire in 1892 at the request of the pastor of St. Patrick Catholic Church to staff the parish school. St. Patrick Catholic Church and School, located at 322 Fulton Street, were not included in the survey as they are outside of the survey boundaries. The independent Saint Bede s Priory was established in Eau Claire by 83 volunteer sisters from the Saint Benedict s Monastery in Minnesota in At some point in time, the Saint Bede s Priory ran a health care facility in nearby Durand, Wisconsin

93 Sisters of the priory began teaching at the Regis High School when it was established in 1953 during the consolidation of St. Patrick Catholic School and High School with the other Catholic schools in the city to form a single Catholic school deanery. Regis High School, located at 2100 Fenwick Avenue, was not included in the survey as it is outside of the survey boundaries. 224 A house was constructed by the priory in the Upper Westside Neighborhood in The Saint Bede Priory House, located at 1328 Wilson Drive, was included in the survey but is not eligible for listing in the National Register of Historic Places. As the house was located near St. James the Greater Catholic Church and School, it is presumed that sisters of the Saint Bede Priory taught at that school around this point in time. For more information on St. James the Greater Catholic School, refer to Chapter 8 Education. Today the house serves as a private residence. 225 Saint Bede Priory House, Riverview Drive Saint Bede s Priory also established Saint Bede Academy, a Catholic secondary school, for which a campus was constructed on the outskirts of the city in 1967 as designed by architects Curt Green and Ted Butler of Minneapolis firm Hammel Green Abrahamson. Saint Bede s Academy, located at 1190 Priory Road in the Town of Washington, was not include in the survey as it is outside of the survey boundaries. The Academy closed in 1978, at which time the campus was renovated into a retreat and conference center. Since that time, the priory became known as Saint Bede Monastery. 226 As enrollment in Catholic schools declined across the state during the 1980s and 1990s, there was less and less need for members of religious orders as faculty. These trends, coupled with lack of new membership, caused Saint Bede Monastery to begin planning for its future in The monastery was put up for sale in Since 2010, the 29 members of Saint Bede Monastery transferred to the Sisters of the Order of Saint Benedict in St. Joseph, Minnesota. 227 St. James the Greater Catholic Church A new Catholic congregation was formed on the west side of the City of Eau Claire in 1948, and named after St. James the Greater. Its first service was held that November in a house near the corner of Eleventh and Marshall Streets, where land was soon purchased for the construction of a future church and school. A parish school building was completed in 1950, which also served as a meeting place for Sunday services. St. James the Greater Catholic School, located at 2502 Eleventh Street, was included in the survey and is eligible for listing in the National Register St. James the Greater Catholic School, Eleventh Street 90

94 of Historic Places as contributing resource in the proposed St. James the Greater Catholic Church & School Historic Complex under Criterion C in the area of Architecture as a locally significant collection of Art Moderne and New Formalist style religious and educational resources. For more information on St. James the Greater Catholic School, refer to Chapter 8 Education. 228 A combination rectory and parish office building was constructed south of the school in St. James the Greater Catholic Church Rectory, located at 2502 Eleventh Street, was included in the survey and is eligible for listing in the National Register of Historic Places as a contributing resource in the proposed St. James the Greater Catholic Church & School Historic Complex under Criterion C in the area of Architecture as a locally significant collection of Art Moderne and New Formalist style religious and educational resources. 229 A dedicated church building was constructed between and connecting the rectory and school in St. James the Greater Catholic Church, located at 2502 Eleventh Street, was included in the survey and is eligible for listing in the National Register of Historic Places as a contributing resource in the proposed St. James the Greater Catholic Church & School Historic Complex under Criterion C in the area of Architecture as a locally significant collection of Art Moderne and New Formalist style religious and educational resources. St. James the Greater Catholic Church Rectory, Eleventh Street St. James the Greater Catholic Church, Eleventh Street A multi-purpose room was constructed in 1992, funded by the local Knights of Columbus. A vestibule, elevator, and canopy addition designed by the architectural firm Cedar Corporation of Menomonie, Wisconsin, was constructed on the north side of the church by Miron Construction Co., Inc. of Wausau in At some point in time, a garage and shed were constructed on the church property north of the school. The St. James the Greater Catholic Church Garage and Shed, located at 2711 Riverview Drive, were both included in the survey as non-contributing resources in the proposed St. James the Greater Catholic Church & School Historic Complex. The congregation continues to use the church, rectory, and school to this day. 91

95 Church of Christ Chippewa Valley Church Chippewa Valley Church, affiliated with the International Churches of Christ, was established in the former Calvary Baptist Church, which was constructed near the northeast corner of the Arlington and Putnam Heights Neighborhood sometime during the early to mid-twentieth century. Calvary Baptist Church, located at 1805 Goff Avenue, was not included in the survey as subsequent alterations have too greatly diminished its original architectural integrity. Chippewa Valley Church continues to occupy the building today. Church of Christ In the recent past, the Church of Christ was established in the former Seventh Day Adventist Church which was constructed in the Arlington & Putnam Heights Neighborhood in The Seventh Day Adventist Church, located at 1701 Goff Avenue, was included in the survey but is not eligible for listing in the National Register of Historic Places. Church of Christ continues to occupy the building today. 231 Putnam Heights Church of Christ Putnam Heights Church of Christ was constructed near the northwest corner of the Arlington and Putnam Heights Neighborhood sometime during the mid- to late twentieth century. Putnam Heights Church of Christ, located at 310 W. Polk Avenue, was not included in the survey as subsequent alterations have too greatly diminished its original architectural integrity. Today, the building is occupied by Cornerstone Christian Church. Evangelical Church Cornerstone Christian Church Cornerstone Christian Church meets at the Putnam Heights Church of Christ, which was constructed near the northwest corner of the Arlington and Putnam Heights Neighborhood sometime during the mid- to late twentieth century. Putnam Heights Church of Christ, located at 310 W. Polk Avenue, was not included in the survey as subsequent alterations have too greatly diminished its original architectural integrity. Faith Church Faith Church was constructed near the southeastern corner of the Arlington and Putnam Heights Neighborhood sometime during the mid- to late twentieth century. Faith Church, located at 3431 Fear Street, was not included in the survey as subsequent alterations have too greatly diminished its original architectural integrity. 92

96 United Christians Liberty Evangelical Church In the recent past, the United Christians Liberty Evangelical Church was established in the former Kingdom Hall of Jehovah s Witness which was constructed in the Upper Westside Neighborhood during the mid-twentieth century. Kingdom Hall of Jehovah s Witness, located at 2753 Fourth Street, was included in the survey but is not eligible for listing in the National Register of Historic Places. United Christians Liberty Evangelical Church continues to occupy the building today. 232 Jehovah s Witness Kingdom Hall of Jehovah s Witness The Kingdom Hall of Jehovah s Witness was constructed in the Upper Westside Neighborhood during the mid-twentieth century. Kingdom Hall of Jehovah s Witness, located at 2753 Fourth Street, was included in the survey but is not eligible for listing in the National Register of Historic Places. Today the building is occupied by the United Christians Liberty Evangelical Church. 233 Kingdom Hall of Jehovah s Witness, c Fourth Street Lutheran Lutheran Church of the Good Shepherd The Home Mission Development of the Evangelical Lutheran Church (ELC) in Minneapolis made plans in 1952 to begin two new missions in Eau Claire; one to serve the quickly growing Arlington & Putnam Heights Neighborhood on the south side of the city, which would become Trinity Lutheran Church, and another to serve the city s expanding west side. 234 Land on Cedar Street was purchased for the west side congregation in November of 1953 on which Steen Construction Co. soon began construction of a church designed by architect Don Haugen of Wisconsin Rapids. The church was completed in 1955, with the first service being held that May. The old Lutheran Church of the Good Shepherd, located at 1120 Cedar Street, was included in the survey as a contributing component of the subsequent, larger church constructed onto it as discussed in the following paragraphs. 235 By September of 1955, the congregation was fully self-supporting, a record achievement for any ELC mission church at that time. A church council was established that October, and 445 individuals officially became charter members. In November of 1955, Dr. E.M. Hegge was installed as the congregation s first pastor, and a house that was constructed in 1949 immediately east of the church site was purchased to serve as a parsonage. The Lutheran Church of the Good Shepherd Parsonage, located at 1104 Cedar Street, was not included in the survey as subsequent additions and alterations have too greatly diminished its original architectural integrity

97 Already by the end of 1956, the church building s Sunday school classroom space was not sufficient to meet the congregation s needs. Classrooms were constructed in the basement of the parsonage in December of Also that December, an Allen organ was installed in the church. In addition to Sunday school classes, the church also established several other activities including a choir and an annual congregational picnic in its first year. 237 The following May, the congregation voted to obtain a loan for $145,000 to pay off the remainder of the debt owed for the original church building and to build a proposed 32-foot by 112-foot educational unit addition designed by architect Grant Paul. Construction of the addition began in March of 1958 by Walker Brothers general contractors and was completed by January of The congregation became part of the new American Lutheran Church (ALC) in 1960 as a result of the merger of the ELC with the American Lutheran Church and the United Evangelical Lutheran Church, the first major unification of Lutheran synods that had historically been based on ethnic heritage, specifically Norwegian, Danish, and German, to comprise a system of 2.3 million members, 4,941 congregations, and 4,884 pastors. Dr. Hegge served as a delegate to the constituting convention in Minneapolis that spring. As a growing member of the ALC, the Lutheran Church of the Good Shepherd increased staff with a new associate pastor position in September of By spring of 1964, the future need of a larger church was felt, and a building fund was established. The parsonage basement was again put into use for Sunday needs as a nursery that September. In January of 1966, a planning committee was formed to study space needs of the congregation to plan for a new addition. The committee was comprised of congregation members Charles Feather, committee chair; Percy Bergerson; Lester Flaten; Graham LeBarron; and Dr. Hegge. That September, land adjacent to the west and north of the church property was purchased for expansion and future parking. Lutheran Church of the Good Shepherd, Cedar Street In October of 1967, the Madison, Wisconsin, architecture firm of Sovik, Mathre & Madson was contracted for the preliminary design of the new church addition. The following May, the congregation approved a budget of $525,000 for the building project, and the Steen Construction Company began construction of the substantial church sanctuary addition that June. With building underway, the congregation raised an additional $40,000 to finish the new basement and renovations to the existing educational unit to the project. After five years of planning, the new church and renovations to the existing church and education unit were completed in September of 1969 and dedicated with the laying of a cornerstone following April. The Lutheran Church of the Good Shepherd, located at 1120 Cedar Street, was included in the survey and is individually eligible for listing in the National Register of Historic Places under Criterion C in the area of Architecture as a locally significant example of the Brutalist style and one of the finest, most intact examples of midtwentieth century modernist religious architecture in the City of Eau Claire

98 The three bells cast by the Verdin Bell Company of Cincinnati, Ohio, were not installed in the new church s bell tower until After serving the congregation for 15 years and through three building projects, Dr. Hegge retired as pastor of Good Shepherd in March of Under his leadership, the church experienced spectacular growth that attracted attention of the national church, boasting a record 1,719 baptized members at the beginning of that year. 242 The congregation underwent a major church council restructuring in January of 1972 to conform to new ALC suggestions, adding committees for youth, evangelism, stewardship, property, and social concerns among others. Also that year, the staff position was created for a retired pastor to aid in pastoral work and visitations as well as a part-time youth worker. 243 Extensive renovations, roof and window repairs, painting, and landscaping improvements were made to the parish hall, presumably the old church, in July of Memorial stained glass windows, depicting the ancient Good Friday Litany, were added to the church in May of Another stained glass window, depicting the Good Shepherd, was installed near the altar guild door in memory of a teenage congregation member who died in a motorcycle accident. A new Hammond organ was installed in the church in April of 1976 at the cost of $2,800. A gold shepherd and lamb statute by goldsmith Humphrey Gilbert Jr. of the nearby Town of Union was installed high on the chancel wall above the pulpit in In 1979, the Lutheran Church of the Good Shepherd developed a portion of the property adjacent to the parking lot for recreational purposes at the cost of $59,000, including a $10,000 pledge from the L.E. Phillips Foundation. 245 Windows were renovated in the educational unit in 1980 with part of an $87,000 bequest from the estate of long-time church member, Laura Rowlands. Humphrey Gilbert Jr. and Monty Bygd installed seven hanging oil candles behind the altar that same year as a memorial. A new pipe organ, consisting of 22 ranks and 1,211 pipes, was installed by the Schantz Organ Company at the end of 1982 at the cost of approximately $113,000, funded through a church-wide fundraising campaign and the Rowlands bequest. 246 Plans began for the merger of the ALC with the Lutheran Church of America and the American Evangelical Lutheran Church to form the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America (ELCA), the largest Lutheran synod in the country; Good Shepherd Pastors John E. Hosmann and Craig Nelson, members Bill and Betty Davey, and Bruce and Barb Miller attended the constituting convention in June of The congregation developed a retirement apartment building nearby on 14 th Street in The Good Shepherd Apartments, located at th Street, were not included in the survey as it is not of age to be considered an historic resource and located outside of the survey boundaries. 248 Various repairs were completed throughout the church in 2003, including cleaning brick masonry, cement repair, door replacement, and new carpeting. A new addition designed by SDS Architects was constructed by Shefchik Buildings onto the church in The congregation continues to use the building to this day. 95

99 Peace Lutheran Church Peace Lutheran Church was established as a mission congregation by the North Wisconsin/Upper Michigan District of the Lutheran Church-Missouri Synod in August of 1959 to serve the growing south side of the City of Eau Claire. Ten acres of land on the southern edge of the Arlington & Putnam Heights Neighborhood were purchased for the construction of a new church, which began in November of 1960 and was completed in the spring of Peace Lutheran Church, located at 501 E. Fillmore Ave, was not included in the survey as subsequent additions and alterations have too greatly diminished its original architectural integrity. 250 In 1989, a new sanctuary was constructed. An addition containing a fellowship hall and enlarged kitchen was constructed in A large addition containing a Community Life Center, Gathering Place, new kitchen, and education center was constructed between 2005 and 2007, at which time much of the original facility was remodeled with the original church building serving as a youth area. 251 Trinity Lutheran Church The Home Mission Development of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in Minneapolis made plans in 1952 to begin two new missions in Eau Claire; one to serve the city s expanding Upper Westside Neighborhood, which would become the Lutheran Church of the Good Shepherd, and another on the city s quickly growing south side. Pastor Luther Borgen was hired to lead the south side group in January of 1954, and its first service was held at the State Theater the following month. 252 Land was purchased on Clairemont Avenue in the Arlington & Putnam Heights Neighborhood and construction began on a church that March. Trinity Luther Church, located at 1314 E. Clairemont Avenue, was included in the survey but is not eligible for listing in the National Register of Historic Places. Over the years, various additions have been constructed onto the church, which the congregation continues to use to this day. 253 Trinity Lutheran Church, c E. Clairemont Avenue 96

100 Methodist Chapel Heights United Methodist Church The Chapel Heights United Methodist Church was constructed by Walker Construction in the Arlington & Putnam Heights Neighborhood in Chapel Heights United Methodist Church, located at 300 E. Hamilton Avenue, was included in the survey but is not eligible for listing in the National Register of Historic Places. The congregation continues to occupy the building today as the Chapel Heights Methodist Church. 254 Presbyterian Church Chapel Heights United Methodist Church, E. Hamilton Avenue First Presbyterian Church The First Presbyterian Church was constructed as a combination church and school building in the Arlington & Putnam Heights Neighborhood in The First Presbyterian Church & School, located at 2112 Rudolph Road, was included in the survey but is not eligible for listing in the National Register of Historic Places. For more information on First Presbyterian School, refer to Chapter 8 Education. A vestibule addition was constructed in The congregation continues to occupy the building today. 255 First Presbyterian Church & School, Rudolph Road Seventh Day Adventist Seventh Day Adventist Church The Seventh Day Adventist Church was constructed in the Arlington & Putnam Heights Neighborhood in The Seventh Day Adventist Church, located at 1701 Goff Avenue, was included in the survey but is not eligible for listing in the National Register of Historic Places. Today the building is occupied by the Church of Christ. 256 Seventh Day Adventist Church, Goff Avenue 97

101 Wesleyan Church Eau Claire Wesleyan Church Eau Claire Wesleyan Church was constructed on the east side of the Arlington and Putnam Heights Neighborhood sometime during the mid- to late twentieth century. Eau Claire Wesleyan Church, located at 2405 Keith Street, was not included in the survey as subsequent alterations have too greatly diminished its original architectural integrity. First Church of the Nazarene First Church of the Nazarene was constructed near the southeast corner of the Upper Westside Neighborhood sometime during the mid- to late twentieth century. First Church of the Nazarene, located at 1921 Seventh Street, was not included in the survey as subsequent alterations have too greatly diminished its original architectural integrity. List of Surveyed Historic Resources Mentioned in the Text Address Historic Name 257 Date 258 Class 1120 Cedar Street Lutheran Church of the Good Shepherd 1954 Eligible 1314 E. Clairemont Avenue Trinity Lutheran Church c.1965 Surveyed 2502 Eleventh Street St. James the Greater Catholic Church 1960 Contributing* 2502 Eleventh Street St. James the Greater Catholic Church Rectory 1955 Contributing* 2502 Eleventh Street St. James the Greater Catholic School 1950 Contributing* 2502 Eleventh Street St. James the Greater Catholic Church Garage Non-Contributing* 2502 Eleventh Street St. James the Greater Catholic Church Shed Non-Contributing* 2753 Fourth Street Kingdom Hall of Jehovah s Witness c.1960 Surveyed 1701 Goff Avenue Seventh Day Adventist Church 1952 Surveyed 300 E. Hamilton Avenue Chapel Heights United Methodist Church 1968 Surveyed 2112 Rudolph Road First Presbyterian Church & School 1965 Surveyed 1328 Wilson Drive Saint Bede s Priory House 1956 Surveyed *Contributing or Non-Contributing to the proposed St. James the Greater Catholic Church & School Historic Complex 98

102 10 Commerce Goods and Services Bertelson Company The Bertelson Company had an office building constructed by Hoeppner-Bartlett Co. in the Arlington & Putnam Heights Neighborhood in The Bertelson Company Building, located at 713 Kenney Avenue, was included in the survey but is not eligible for listing in the National Register of Historic Places. Today, the building is occupied by offices of the Midelfort Clinic Mayo Health System. 259 Langlois Grocery Bertelson Company, Kenney Avenue A building was constructed for Langlois Grocery in the Upper Westside Neighborhood in Langlois Grocery, located at 2760 Third Street, was included in the survey but is not eligible for listing in the National Register of Historic Places. An addition was constructed in Today, the building is vacant. 260 Pied Pieper II Restaurant & Pancake House The Pied Pieper II Restaurant & Pancake House was constructed in the Arlington & Putnam Heights Neighborhood in The Pied Pieper II Restaurant & Pancake House, located at 2210 London Road, was included in the survey but is not eligible for listing in the National Register of Historic Places. The building s open air canopy was enclosed and an addition constructed by Gerry Chamberlain in Today, the building is vacant. 261 Langlois Grocery, Third Street Pied Pieper II Restaurant & Pancake House, London Road 99

103 Pizza Hut Although pizza had been introduced to the country by earlier Italian American communities, it didn t enter the American mainstream until the time when servicemen who had become familiar with the food while abroad during World War II returned to America and the first major wave of Italian immigration during the mid-twentieth century. By 1956, there were 20,000 pizza parlors across the country. Pizza Hut was founded in Wichita, Kansas, in June of 1958 by brothers Dan and Frank Carney while they were both students at the University of Wichita. The Carney brothers borrowed $600 from their mother to begin the pizza restaurant, seeking to profit America s newest emerging food trend at the suggestion of a family friend. The brand s name derives from the size of the original building s sign, which only had space for nine letters; already decided on having the word pizza in the name, there was only space for three additional letters. 262 By the early 1960s, the Carneys stand-alone restaurant had grown into a successful franchise chain. Worried about competition from another leading chain from California, Shakey s, the brothers sought to distinguish their brand with a standardized and unique building design such as fellow Wichita-based chain White Castle utilized. Dan Carney s wife, Beverly, suggested the building should look like a hut, after the brand s name. At a time when futuristic commercial strip architecture of the 1950s began falling out of favor, the Carneys contracted a college friend and Wichita architect, Richard D. Burke, to design a more traditional style prototype in Restaurants with Burke s hallmark low, two-pitched mansard, pavilion-style roof and trapezoidshaped windows soon began being constructed across the country; by the turn of the twenty-first century, over 6,300 Pizza Hut restaurants of this design were constructed. 263 A Pizza Hut franchise was constructed in the Arlington & Putnam Heights Neighborhood in the City of Eau Claire in Pizza Hut, located at 2602 E. Clairemont Avenue, was included in the survey but is not eligible for listing in the National Register of Historic Places. The chain continues to occupy the building to this day. 264 Radiologists Limited Radiologists Limited had an office building constructed by the Johnson Construction Co. in the Arlington & Putnam Heights Neighborhood in The Radiologists Limited Building, located at 727 Kenney Avenue, was included in the survey but is not eligible for listing in the National Register of Historic Places. Today, the building is occupied by offices of the Midelfort Clinic Mayo Health System. 265 Pizza Hut, E. Clairemont Avenue Radiologists Limited, Kenney Avenue 100

104 Red & White Supermarket The Red & White Supermarket was constructed in the Arlington & Putnam Heights Neighborhood in The Red & White Supermarket, located at 1807 Brackett Avenue, was included in the survey but is not eligible for listing in the National Register of Historic Places. An addition was completed in Today, the building is occupied by Car Quest Auto Parts. 266 Smith Funeral Chapel The Smith Funeral Chapel was constructed in the Arlington & Putnam Heights Neighborhood in The Smith Funeral Chapel, located at 2222 London Road, was included in the survey but is not eligible for listing in the National Register of Historic Places. A crematory addition was constructed in 1982, a casket storage addition in 1987, and another crematory addition in The funeral chapel continues to occupy the building today. 267 Red & White Supermarket, Brackett Avenue Smith Funeral Chapel, London Road Stucky Chiropractic Center Stucky Chiropractic Center constructed an office building in the Arlington & Putnam Heights Neighborhood in The Stucky Chiropractic Center, located at 2105 Clairemont Avenue, was included in the survey but is not eligible for listing in the National Register of Historic Places. The building was remodeled in The chiropractic center continues to occupy the building today. 268 University 66 Service Station The University 66 Service Station was constructed by the construction company Hoeppner-Bartlett in the Arlington & Putnam Heights Neighborhood in The University 66 Service Station, located at 807 W. Clairemont Avenue, was included in the survey but is not eligible for listing in the National Register of Historic Places. Today, the building is occupied by a Cenex gas station. 269 Stucky Chriopractic Center, E.Clairemont Avenue University 66 Service Station, W. Clairemont Avenue 101

105 Utilities Eau Claire Dells Dam The first dam situated on the Chippewa River at the Eau Claire Dells was constructed at the northern edge of the Upper Westside Neighborhood around present-day Mead Street in 1871, after years of political opposition from residents of nearby Chippewa Falls. Owned by the City and leased to and operated by the Eau Claire Dells Improvement Company, this non-extant dam was built to aid Eau Claire s lumber industry in the retrieval and sorting of logs transported to their lumber mills on the river, including the non-extant Eau Claire Lumber Company Water Power Saw Mill that was situated on the western bank of the river at the dam through the 1880s. A non-extant flume canal to Half Moon Lake was constructed on the west bank of the river to transport logs from the dam to lumber companies further downstream. A non-extant lock was constructed on the east bank of the river to allow navigation of boats around the dam. In coordination with the construction of the sixteen-foot-high dam, the city established its first water works. For more information on the City of Eau Claire public water works, refer to Chapter 4 Government. The dam, flume, and non-extant waterworks facility were constructed at a cost of over $95,000 and completed in Building of the dam caused the creation of Dells Pond as a reservoir for receiving and sorting the logs. 270 The dam began serving the Eau Claire Pulp and Paper Company s non-extant wood-frame mill that was constructed on the east side of the river in This company constructed its own electric power plant in The Eau Claire Pulp and Paper Company Electric Power Works, located at 926 Forest Street, was not included in the survey as it is located outside of the survey boundaries. The Eau Claire Pulp and Paper Company went into receivership in 1890; the mill was purchased by the Dells Paper and Pulp Company which was established in 1894 and constructed a larger brick mill to the north that same year. The Dells Paper and Pulp Company Mill, located at 1200 Forest Street, was not included in the survey as it is located outside of the survey boundaries. 271 The dam also began serving the Chippewa Valley Electric Railway, Light, and Power Company which operated the former paper mill power plant by Eau Claire Dells Dam, 1914 Chippewa River at Mead Street The dam was replaced in 1914, presumably in conjunction with construction of a new hydroelectric plant on the east bank of the river. Eau Claire Dells Dam, located on the Chippewa River at Mead Street, was included in the survey but is not individually eligible for listing in the National Register of Historic Places. The Dells Hydroelectric Plant, located at 926 Forest Street, was not included in 102

106 the survey as it is located outside of the survey boundaries; eligibility of the dam as a contributing component to the Dells Hydroelectric Plant was outside of the parameters of this project. List of Surveyed Historic Resources Mentioned in the Text Address Historic Name 273 Date 274 Class 1807 Brackett Avenue Red & White Supermarket 1953 Surveyed Chippewa River at Mead St. Eau Claire Dells Dam 1914 Surveyed 2105 E. Clairemont Avenue Stucky Chiropractic Center 1959 Surveyed 807 W. Clairemont Avenue University 66 Service Station 1967 Surveyed 713 Kenney Avenue Bertelson Company 1971 Surveyed 727 Kenney Avenue Radiologists Limited 1969 Surveyed 2210 London Road Pied Pieper II Restaurant & Pancake House 1956 Surveyed 2222 London Road Smith Funeral Chapel 1960 Surveyed 2760 Third Street Langlois Grocery 1917 Surveyed 103

107 This page intentionally left blank. 104

108 11 Planning & Landscape Architecture Patterns of Community Development Federal Housing Administration The Federal Housing Administration (FHA) is a federal agency that was created by the United States Congress as a part of the National Housing Act in The creation of the new agency was made in an effort to strengthen the housing industry after the Great Depression when many banks failed causing a dramatic decrease in mortgage loans and home ownership as well as 2 million construction workers losing their jobs. Before this time, laws regarding mortgage terms were more stringent, including a limitation of mortgages to a maximum 50 percent or a property s market value and repayment schedules spread over three to five years ending with a large balloon payment, making it difficult for many prospective homebuyers to obtain loans. Therefore, only 40 percent of Americans owned their home at that time. In setting mortgage underwriting standards, insuring home building loans made by private lenders, and regulating construction standards; the law sought to improve housing standards and conditions, provide security to the lending system, and stabilize the mortgage and housing markets by increasing the number of people that could afford to buy single-family homes. 275 After World War II, the federal government sought to make homeownership available to the large number of returning servicemen. Developments of mostly small houses were constructed across the country for veterans and war workers with funding administered by the FHA. In 1944, the FHA office in Milwaukee authorized funding for the construction of 40 houses in the City of Eau Claire. United Builders, Inc. of Delavan, Wisconsin, was contracted at the rate of $5,000 per house. A site on Hoover Avenue was selected adjacent to another house at 1317 Hoover Avenue that the firm had constructed four years earlier in The Arnold S. Walker House, located at 1317 Hoover Avenue, was included in the survey as a non-contributing resource to the proposed Hoover Avenue Residential Historic District. 276 United Builders began the FHA project in the summer of 1944 with the construction of seven 1-andone-half story, brick houses. However, progress on the houses proved slow due to the scarcity of bricklayers in the area. Three more houses were completed by the following year. These ten houses, located at 1313, 1321, 1403, 1407, 1411, 1417, 1423, 1429, and 1433 Hoover Avenue, were included in the survey and are eligible for listing in the National Register of Historic Places as contributing resources to the proposed Hoover Avenue Residential Historic District under National Register under Criterion A for its locally significant history in the area of Community Planning & Development

109 Ernest & Lucille Geisler House, Hoover Avenue Walter & Geraldine Crisp House, Hoover Avenue United Builders Inc. filed an application to construct nine matching houses on the opposite side of the street; however, these were never constructed. It is unknown at this time if the remaining thirty houses authorized by the FHA for Eau Claire were ever constructed elsewhere in the city. 278 Urban Parks and Planning Cameron Park Playground Cameron Park Playground is located at 1601 Eleventh Street at the far southern end of the Upper Westside Neighborhood. The park contains a modern park shelter, basketball courts, and playground equipment, none of which were included in the survey as they are not of age to be considered historic resources. City Wells Area Trails The grounds of the City of Eau Claire Pumping Station and Well Field, located at 2711 Riverview Drive near the center of the Dells Park and Riverview Neighborhood, contain a large system of unpaved cross country running and skiing trails through the wooded portions of the grounds with a trailhead and parking lot at the far southern end of the property. For more information on the City of Eau Claire Pumping Station and Well Field, refer to Chapter 4 Government. Manz Playground The playground at W.R. Manz Elementary School, located at 1000 E. Fillmore Avenue near the center of the Arlington and Putnam Heights Neighborhood, serves the area as a public park. Manz Elementary School was not included in the survey as subsequent additions and alterations have too greatly diminished its original architectural integrity. The park contains a modern park shelter and playground equipment, neither of which were included in the survey as they are not of age to be considered historic resources. 106

110 Riverview Park Riverview Park is located at 2800 Riverview Drive near the center of the Dells Park and Riverview Neighborhood. The park contains several modern park shelters and picnic areas, a modern pedestrian bridge over an inlet of the Chippewa River, several parking lots, a boat launch, sand volleyball court, and playground equipment, none of which were included in the survey as they are not of age to be considered historic resources. Roosevelt Playground The Roosevelt Elementary School playground, located at 908 Folsom Street near the center of the Upper Westside Neighborhood, serves the area as a public park. Roosevelt Elementary School, located at 3010 Eighth Street, was not included in the survey as subsequent additions and alterations have too greatly diminished its original architectural integrity. The park contains a modern park shelter, seasonal hockey rink, and playground equipment, none of which were included in the survey as they are not of age to be considered historic resources. List of Surveyed Historic Resources Mentioned in the Text Address Historic Name 279 Date 280 Class 1313 Hoover Avenue Walter & Geraldine Crisp House 1945 Contributing* 1317 Hoover Avenue Arnold S. Walker House 1940 Non-Contributing* 1321 Hoover Avenue Evander & Mayme Noble House 1944 Contributing* 1403 Hoover Avenue John & Ida Noble House 1944 Contributing* 1407 Hoover Avenue Elmer & Angeline Johnson House 1944 Contributing* 1411 Hoover Avenue Ernest & Lucille Geisler House 1944 Contributing* 1417 Hoover Avenue Carl E. Bjorke House 1944 Contributing* 1423 Hoover Avenue Walter S. Remund House 1944 Contributing* 1429 Hoover Avenue Walter L. Becker House 1944 Contributing* 1433 Hoover Avenue Roy N. & Frances Whelihan House 1944 Contributing* 1439 Hoover Avenue Morris & Mildred Abrahms House 1945 Contributing* *Contributing or Non-Contributing to the proposed Hoover Avenue Residential Historic District. 107

111 This page intentionally left blank. 108

112 12 Recreation & Entertainment Athletics Wagner s Sixty Six and One Half Lanes Wagner s Sixty Six and One Half Lanes bowling alley was constructed by the Hehl-Grohn Co. contractors in the Arlington & Putnam Heights Neighborhood in Wagner s Sixty Six and One Half Lanes, located at 2159 Brackett Avenue, was included in the survey but is not eligible for listing in the National Register of Historic Places. An addition was completed in The bowling alley continues to operate to this day as Wagners Bowling. 281 Wagners Sixty Six And One Half Lanes, Brackett Avenue List of Surveyed Historic Resources Mentioned in the Text Address Historic Name 282 Date 283 Class 2159 Brackett Avenue Wagners Sixty Six And One Half Lanes 1976 Surveyed 109

113 This page intentionally left blank. 110

114 13 Notable People Introduction The list of notable people includes people who have helped to shape the Arlington & Putnam Heights, Dells Park & Riverview, and Upper Westside neighborhoods and the City of Eau Claire. These people range from entrepreneurs, industrialists, politicians, brewmeisters, craftsmen, and professionals. Most of these people can be connected with a historic event or building. Any historic resources associated with these persons are listed after their short biographies. More research may unearth additional resources. Dr. E.M. Hegge Dr. E.M. Hegge was a Lutheran pastor for the Evangelical Lutheran Church (ELC), who relocated with his family from Oak Park, Illinois, to Eau Claire to serve as the mission developer for a new ELC congregation on the west side of Eau Claire in He led the growth of the mission to officially organize as the Lutheran Church of the Good Shepherd; he was installed as the church s first pastor in November of For more information on the Lutheran Church of the Good Shepherd, refer to Chapter 9 Religion. Prior to the church hiring an associate pastor to work underneath Dr. Hegge in September of 1963, it is presumed that Dr. Hegge resided with his family in the church parsonage located next to the church, constructed in 1949, since it was purchased by the church in The Lutheran Church of the Good Shepherd Parsonage, located at 1104 Cedar Street, was not included in the survey as its additions and alterations have too greatly diminished its original architectural integrity. 284 Dr. Hegge oversaw the congregation s three building projects for the original church building in 1954, an education unit addition in 1956, and a substaintial new church in The Lutheran Church of the Good Shepherd, located at 1120 Cedar Street, was included in the survey and is individually eligible for listing in the National Register of Historic Places under Criterion C for Architecture as a locally significant example of the Brutalist style and one of the finest intact examples of modernist religious architecture in the City of Eau Claire. 285 Lutheran Church of the Good Shepherd, Cedar Street 111

115 In 1960, Dr. Hegge was active with the formation of the new American Lutheran Church (ALC) as a result of the merger of the ELC with the American Lutheran Church and the United Evangelical Lutheran Church, the first major unification of Lutheran churches that had historically been based on ethnic heritage, specifically Norwegian, Danish, and German, to comprise a church system of 2.3 million members, 4,941 congregations, and 4,884 pastors. He served as a delegate to the constituting convention in Minneapolis that spring. 286 After serving the congregation as head pastor for 15 years, Dr. Hegge retired as pastor of Good Shepherd in Under his leadership, the church experienced spectacular growth that attracted attention of the national church, boasting a record 1,719 baptized members at the beginning of that year. 287 Erskine B. Ingram Erskine B. Ingram was born in Eau Claire in 1866, the son of local pioneer lumberman Orrin H. and Cornelia Pierce Ingram. He co-founded the Dells Lumber Company in Eau Claire with Pearl Chambers, J.E. Hosford, and Judge James Wickham. He eventually served as the chairman of the board of the Ingram Products company. 288 He was a member of the advisory board for the Salvation Army and board of directors of the YMCA. He was a member of the First Congregational Church, Kiwanis Club, and Hillcrest and Eau Claire Country Clubs as well as the Minnesota Club of St. Paul, Minnesota. 289 In 1921, Ingram commissioned nationally renowned architect and landscape designer Charles A. Platt to design a large Colonial Revival style estate house and garden, then south of the city limits. The Erskine B. Ingram House, located at 501 Grover Road, was included in the survey. Further assessment of the interior of the Erskine B. Ingram House, which is beyond the scope of this survey, is necessary to determine its eligibility for listing in the National Register of Historic Places under Criterion B for its association with Erskine B. Ingram. The house was constructed at the cost of over $188,500 and was completed in In addition to the main house, Platt also designed a nonextant garage, non-extant barn, non-extant garden pavilion, and gardener s house which were all constructed on the estate around that time. The Erskine B. Ingram Estate Gardener s House, located at 501 Grover Road, was included in the survey. 290 After Ingram s death in 1954, his only surviving family member, son Orrin Henry Ingram of White Bear Lake, Minnesota, inherited the estate and transferred ownership of the property to the Wisconsin Congregational Conference to open a retirement home. A drive to raise $100,000 was launched and Minneapolis architect Walter K. Vivrett was hired to develop renovation plans to convert the former gardener s house into a dormitory and construct a connection to the main house. The home s original architect, Charles A. Platt, also an artist, supplied the retirement home with furnishings and art work, including two of his own paintings for the dining room and four photographs of Italian gardens. The retirement home opened in 1959 and was operated by the Minnesota Foundation until In 1963, the Church of the Lutheran Confession of Mankato, Minnesota, purchased the former Ingram estate to serve as a larger, permanent campus for its growing school, Immanuel Lutheran 112

116 College. The college named the Ingram house Ingram Hall, and the renovated gardener s house became West Hall, which the school continues to use to this day as a part of the Immanuel Lutheran High School, College & Seminary. For more information on Immanuel Lutheran College, refer to Chapter 8 Education. 292 List of Surveyed Historic Resources Mentioned in the Text Address Historic Name 293 Date 294 Class 1120 Cedar Street Lutheran Church of the Good Shepherd 1969 Eligible 501 Grover Road Erskine B. Ingram House / Immanuel Lutheran College Ingram Hall 1922 Surveyed 113

117 This page intentionally left blank. 114

118 14 Bibliography 2016 Property Records. City of Eau Claire WG Xtreme. Web. < Accessed November 2015-June Bailey, Judge William F., editor. History of Eau Claire County, Wisconsin, Past and Present. Chicago: C.F. Cooper & Co., 1914, pages Barland, Lois. The River Flows On: A Record of Eau Claire, Wisconsin from Stevens Point, Wisconsin: Worzalla Publishing Co., Barland, Lois. Sawdust City: A history of Eau Claire, Wisconsin from earliest times to Stevens Point, Wisconsin: Worzalla Publishing Co., Benefits of Local Historic Preservation Ordinances. Preservation Information. Madison, Wisconsin: Wisconsin Historical Society. Buenker, John D. The History of Wisconsin, Volume IV: The Progressive Era, Madison: State Historical Society of Wisconsin, Blumenson, John J. G. Identifying American Architecture: A Pictorial Guide to Styles and Terms, Second Ed. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, Building Permit Records. On file at the City of Eau Claire Building Inspection Department, Eau Claire City Hall, Eau Claire, Wisconsin. Building Support for Local Historic Preservation. Preservation Information. Madison, Wisconsin: Wisconsin Historical Society. Certified Local Government Historic Preservation Program in Wisconsin. Preservation Information. Madison, Wisconsin: Wisconsin Historical Society. Charles A. Platt ( ). Columbia University Libraries Avery Architectural & Fine Arts Library. Web. < Accessed 17 June Creating a Preservation Ethic in Your Community. Preservation Information. Madison, Wisconsin: Wisconsin Historical Society. Current, Richard N. The History of Wisconsin, Volume II: The Civil War Era, Madison: State Historical Society of Wisconsin, Eau Claire City Directories, various years 1894 to On file at the University of Wisconsin Library and Archives, Madison, Wisconsin. Eau Claire, Eau Claire Co., Wisconsin, December, 1885 New York: Sanborn Map & Publishing Company, December Eau Claire, Wisconsin, Sept New York: Sanborn Map & Publishing Company, September Economic Benefits of Historic Preservation in Wisconsin. Preservation Information. Madison: Wisconsin Historical Society. Erskine Ingram, Son of Pioneer Lumberman, Dies. The Daily Telegram. January 18,

119 The Federal Housing Administration (FHA). U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development. < Web. Accessed June 16, Fields, Richard A. Historic Properties Inventory of the 88th Reserve Support Command Facilities in Wisconsin. Fort McCoy Cultural Resources Management Series - Reports of Investigation No. 12, Foley, Mary Mix. The American House. New York: Harper & Row, Glad, Paul W. The History of Wisconsin, Volume V: War, a New Era, and Depression, Madison: State Historical Society of Wisconsin, Guidelines for Planning Historic Preservation Tax Credit Projects. Wisconsin Preservation Information. Madison: State Historical Society of Wisconsin, Health Education Center." Chippewa Valley Technical College. Web. < Accessed June 15, Heggland, Timothy F. Eastside Hill & Westside Intensive Survey Report. September Hieb, Jane. An Illustrated History: Eau Claire. Northridge, California: Windsor Publications, Inc., Highlights of Congregational History Commemorating the Fiftieth Anniversary. Eau Claire, Wisconsin: The Lutheran Church of the Good Shepherd, Historic Preservation Ordinances and Commissions in Wisconsin. Preservation Information. Madison, Wisconsin: Wisconsin Historical Society. Historic Preservation Tax Incentives for Income-Producing Historic Buildings. Wisconsin Preservation Information. Madison: State Historical Society of Wisconsin, History 1960s. HGA Architects and Engineers. Web. < Accessed 2 June History of Peace Church." Peace Lutheran Church. Web. < Accessed June 15, History of St. James." St. James the Greater Catholic Church. Web. < Accessed June 15, House for E.B. Ingram, Esq., Eau Claire, Wis.: Projects 618 and 619, house and outbuildings. Call Number NYDA Columbia University Avery Architectural & Fine Arts Library. Web Catalog. < Accessed June 17, How to Gain Commission Credibility. Preservation Information. Madison, Wisconsin: Wisconsin Historical Society. Incentives for Historic Preservation. Preservation Information. Madison: Wisconsin Historical Society. Ingram Estate May Be Church Home For Aged. The Daily Telegram. February 18, Insurance Maps of Eau Claire, Wisconsin, New York: Sanborn-Perris Map Company, Luther Hospital Addition Major Project On List, 10 FHA Housing Units Also Included. The Daily Telegram. September 2, Marvig, John. Chicago Northwestern Bridges around Eau Claire. Bridgehunter.com. Web. < Accessed June 20, McAlester, Virginia and Lee McAlester. A Field Guide to American Houses. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, Mesirow, Jill S. Third Ward Intensive Survey Update Final Report. June Morgan, Keith N. Charles A. Platt: The Artist as Architect. New York: The Architectural History Foundation,

120 Murray, Tom. Chicago & North Western Railway. Minneapolis: Voyageur Press, Nesbit, Robert C. The History of Wisconsin, Volume III: Urbanization and Industrialization, Madison: State Historical Society of Wisconsin, Nesbit, Robert C. Wisconsin, a History, Second Ed. Madison: The University of Wisconsin Press, Organization and History." Immanuel Lutheran High School, College & Seminary. Web. < Accessed May 27, "Our School System. Regis Catholic Schools. Web. < Accessed June 2, Perrin, Richard W.E. The Architecture of Wisconsin. Madison: The State Historical Society of Wisconsin, Planning a Local Historic Preservation Program. Preservation Information. Madison, Wisconsin: Wisconsin Historical Society. Plat Books of Eau Claire County, Various Years On file at the Wisconsin Historical Society Library and Archives, Madison, Wisconsin. Rifkind, Carole. A Field Guide to American Architecture. New York: New American Library, Saint Bede Monastery in Eau Claire to Merge with Saint Benedict's Monastery. Sisters of the Order of Saint Benedict. Web. 30 March < Accessed June 2, Savage McAlister, Virginia. A Field Guide to American Houses: The Definitive Guide to Identifying and Understanding America s Domestic Architecture. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, Slow Progress, Due to Scarcity of Bricklayers. Eau Claire Sunday Leader. October 15, Eau Claire, Wisconsin. Smith, Alice E. The History of Wisconsin, Volume I: From Exploration to Statehood. Madison: State Historical Society of Wisconsin, Taylor, Mary. Intensive Historic/Architectural Survey of the City of Eau Claire, Wisconsin. City of Eau Claire, Thompson, William F. The History of Wisconsin, Volume VI: Continuity and Change. Madison: State Historical Society of Wisconsin, Wasson, Andrew. Who Designed the Roof? Dairy River. Web. < Accessed June 13, Water Plant. City of Eau Claire. Web. < Accessed June 14, Whiffen, Marcus. American Architecture since 1780: A Guide to the Styles. Cambridge: The M.I.T. Press, Wisconsin Historical Society, Wisconsin Architecture and History Inventory, Eau Claire Pulp & Paper Mill; Dell Paper & Pulp Co., Eau Claire, Eau Claire County, Wisconsin, Reference Number Wisconsin Historic Preservation Tax Credits. Wisconsin Preservation Information. Madison: State Historical Society of Wisconsin, Wyatt, Barbara, Ed. Cultural Resource Management in Wisconsin: Volume 2, a Manual for Historic Properties. Madison, Wisconsin: Historic Preservation Division State Historical Society of Wisconsin,

121 This page intentionally left blank. 118

122 15 Survey Results Introduction The survey conducted on the historical aspects of the Arlington & Putnam Heights, Dells Park & Riverview, and Upper Westside neighborhoods as well as the Southeast Portion of the Third Ward Neighborhood, Blocks of Hoover Avenue, and the Immanuel Lutheran College Campus found a fair number of valuable historic properties within the survey boundaries. Several of the properties surveyed were identified as potentially eligible for the National Register of Historic Places. The examples found in the survey area suggest a community rich with history and some respect for the history of the resources that are available to them. The principal investigators surveyed 312 resources of architectural or historical interest. Of these, three are individually eligible for the National Register of Historic Places for architectural and/or historical significance. (See Chapter 2, Survey Methodology, for in-depth list of National Register Criteria.) There were also two potential historic complexes and one potential historic district identified. One of the complexes is religious and educational in nature, and the other a public utility. The proposed district is single-family residential. This chapter contains the following results of the survey: a list of properties individually eligible for listing in the National Register of Historic Places, information on the two proposed historic complexes and one proposed historic district potentially eligible for listing in the National Register of Historic Places, a listing of all properties surveyed in the Arlington & Putnam Heights, Dells Park & Riverview, and Upper Westside neighborhoods as well as the Southeast Portion of the Third Ward Neighborhood, Blocks of Hoover Avenue, and the Immanuel Lutheran College Campus, and maps of the portions of the survey area where historic resources were identified. Complex and district summaries include a list of all resources included within the boundaries and if the resources are contributing or non-contributing to the complex or district. In addition to the contents of this chapter, several other types of information were gathered and organized through the course of the survey. From this information, the following documents were created: updated entries to the Wisconsin Historical Society s online Architecture and History Inventory (AHI), photos of every surveyed building, and this report. This architectural and historical intensive survey report and the associated work elements mentioned above are kept at the Historic Preservation Division of the Wisconsin Historical Society in Madison. A copy of the report is to be kept at the Eau Claire City Hall and the L.E. Phillips Memorial Public Library. 119

123 Resources Currently Listed in the National Register of Historic Places There are no resources within the boundaries of the survey area that are currently listed in the National Register of Historic Places. Resources Individually Eligible for Listing in the National Register of Historic Places Address Historic Name Period of Significance Chippewa River at Anderson Street Chicago, St. Paul, Minneapolis & Omaha Railway Bridge 1881 Chippewa River Old Wells Rd. & Garden St. Chicago, St. Paul, Minneapolis & Omaha Railway Bridge Cedar Street Lutheran Church of the Good Shepard Proposed Historic Complexes Eligible for Listing in the National Register of Historic Places Address Historic Name Period of Significance 2711 Riverview Drive Eau Claire Pumping Station & Well Field 1935 c Eleventh Street St. James the Greater Catholic Church & School Proposed Historic Districts Eligible for Listing in the National Register of Historic Places Address Historic Name Period of Significance Blocks of Hoover Avenue Hoover Avenue Residential Historic District

124 Proposed Eau Claire Pumping Station & Well Field Historic Complex 121

125 Proposed Eau Claire Pumping Station & Well Field Historic Complex Narrative Description The proposed Eau Claire Pumping Station and Well Field Historic Complex is a well-defined cluster of three buildings and 21 structures situated along the northeast edge of Dells Park & Riverview neighborhood on the northeast side of the City of Eau Claire and has boundaries roughly delineated by Riverview Drive, Lawrence Street, East Riverview Drive, Airport Road, and Green View Drive. Statement of Significance The proposed Eau Claire Pumping Station and Well Field Historic Complex was identified for its concentration of Tudor Revival, Art Moderne, and Contemporary style public water utility facilities constructed between 1935 and approximately 1955, having local significance under National Register Criterion C in the area of Architecture and Criterion A in the areas of Community Planning & Development and Engineering. The district is comprised of 20 contributing and four noncontributing resources. The dates of construction and historical development of the contributing resources, beginning in 1935 and ending in approximately 1955, constitute the proposed period of significance for both Criteria A and C. Individually, the contributing resources include fine representative examples of several architectural styles popular in Wisconsin during the period of significance. As a whole, the complex represents a rare, extensive public utility facility that played a significant role in the development of the city. For more information on the history of the City of Eau Claire Water Utility, refer to Chapter 4 Government. Boundary Description The proposed complex consists of a portion of the lot at 2711 Riverview Drive associated with the contributing and non-contributing resources within the complex. The boundaries of the proposed Eau Claire Pumping Station and Well Field Historic Complex are clearly delineated on the accompanying complex map and enclose the area of 415 acres. Boundary Justification The boundaries of the proposed Eau Claire Pumping Station and Well Field Historic Complex enclose all the areas historically associated with the complex s 20 contributing and four noncontributing resources, excluding extraneous undeveloped wooded areas of the property. Adjacent areas are residential in nature. Building Inventory The following inventory lists every resource in the proposed district and includes the address of the property; the historic name; the date or circa date of construction; and the resource s contributing (C), non-contributing (NC), or previously listed in the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) class. 122

126 Address Historic Name 295 Date 296 Style Class 2711 Riverview Drive Eau Claire Pumping Station Reservoir 1935 Tudor Revival C 2711 Riverview Drive Eau Claire Pumping Station Cottage 1935 Tudor Revival C 2711 Riverview Drive Eau Claire Pumping Station Well c.1935 Tudor Revival C 2711 Riverview Drive Eau Claire Pumping Station Well c.1935 Tudor Revival C 2711 Riverview Drive Eau Claire Pumping Station Well 2 c.1935 Tudor Revival C 2711 Riverview Drive Eau Claire Pumping Station Well 4 c.1935 Tudor Revival C 2711 Riverview Drive Eau Claire Pumping Station Well 8 c.1935 Tudor Revival C 2711 Riverview Drive Eau Claire Pumping Station Well 9 c.1935 Tudor Revival C 2711 Riverview Drive Eau Claire Pumping Station Well 10 c.1935 Tudor Revival C 2711 Riverview Drive Eau Claire Pumping Station Well 11 c.1935 Tudor Revival C 2711 Riverview Drive Eau Claire Pumping Station Well 12 c.1935 Tudor Revival C 2711 Riverview Drive Eau Claire Pumping Station 1945 Art Moderne C 2711 Riverview Drive Eau Claire Pumping Station Well c.1945 Art Moderne C 2711 Riverview Drive Eau Claire Pumping Station Well c.1945 Art Moderne C 2711 Riverview Drive Eau Claire Pumping Station Well 13 c.1945 Art Moderne C 2711 Riverview Drive Eau Claire Pumping Station Well c.1955 Contemporary C 2711 Riverview Drive Eau Claire Pumping Station Well 14 c.1955 Contemporary C 2711 Riverview Drive Eau Claire Pumping Station Well 15 c.1955 Contemporary C 2711 Riverview Drive Eau Claire Pumping Station Well 16 c.1955 Contemporary C 2711 Riverview Drive Eau Claire Pumping Station Well 17 c.1955 Contemporary C 2711 Riverview Drive Eau Claire Pumping Station Water Tower N/A NC 2711 Riverview Drive Eau Claire Pumping Station Air Stripping Facility 1986 Astylistic Utilitarian NC 2711 Riverview Drive Eau Claire Pumping Station Well 19 c.1995 New Trad. Tudor NC 2711 Riverview Drive Eau Claire Pumping Station Well 21 c.1995 New Trad. Tudor NC 123

127 Proposed St. James the Greater Catholic Church & School Historic Complex 124

128 Proposed St. James the Greater Catholic Church & School Historic Complex Narrative Description The proposed St. James the Greater Catholic Church & School Historic Complex is a well-defined cluster of five buildings situated near the center of the Upper Westside neighborhood on the northwest side of the City of Eau Claire and has boundaries coincident with the block bounded by Eleventh, Bolles, Thirteenth, and Marshall Streets. Statement of Significance The proposed St. James the Greater Catholic Church & School Historic Complex was identified for its concentration of Art Moderne and New Formalist style religious and educational buildings constructed between 1950 and 1960, having local significance under National Register Criterion C in the area of Architecture. The complex is comprised of three contributing and two non-contributing resources. The dates of construction of the contributing resources, beginning in 1950 and ending in 1960, constitute the proposed period of significance. Individually, the contributing resources include fine representative examples of architectural styles commonly used for educational and religious buildings in Wisconsin during the period of significance. For more information on the Art Moderne and New Formalist styles, refer to Chapter 7 Architecture; for more information on the history of St. James the Greater Catholic Church and School, refer to Chapter 9 Religion and Chapter 8 Education, respectively. Boundary Description The proposed complex consists of the lot associated with 2502 Eleventh Street comprising the entire block bounded by Eleventh, Bolles, Thirteenth, and Marshall Streets. The boundaries of the proposed St. James the Greater Catholic Church & School Historic Complex are clearly delineated on the accompanying complex map and enclose the area of 7.32 acres. Boundary Justification The boundaries of the proposed St. James the Greater Catholic Church & School Historic Complex enclose all the areas historically associated with the complex s three contributing and two noncontributing resources. The adjacent areas are residential in nature. Building Inventory The following inventory lists every resource in the proposed complex and includes the address of the property; the historic name; the date or circa date of construction; and the resource s contributing (C), non-contributing (NC), or previously listed in the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) class. 125

129 Address Historic Name 297 Date 298 Style Class 2502 Eleventh Street St. James the Greater Catholic Church 1960 New Formalist C 2502 Eleventh Street St. James the Greater Catholic Church Rectory 1955 Art Moderne C 2502 Eleventh Street St. James the Greater Catholic School 1950 Art Moderne C 2502 Eleventh Street St. James the Greater Catholic Church Garage Astylistic Utilitarian NC 2502 Eleventh Street St. James the Greater Catholic Church Shed Astylistic Utilitarian NC 126

130 Proposed Hoover Avenue Residential Historic District 127

131 Proposed Hoover Avenue Residential Historic District Narrative Description The proposed Hoover Avenue Residential Historic District is a well-defined cluster of 11 buildings, all small single family homes, situated on the east side of the City of Eau Claire and has boundaries roughly delineated along the south side of Hoover Avenue, from Chauncey to Lee Streets. Each resource in the district is in the Minimal Traditional style, the most prevailing residential architectural style in Wisconsin during that time. Statement of Significance The proposed Hoover Avenue Residential Historic District was identified for its concentration of rare brick examples of Minimal Traditional style single-family dwellings constructed with FHA funding between 1944 and 1945, having local significance under National Register Criterion A in the area of Community Planning & Development. The district is comprised of ten contributing and one non-contributing resource. The dates of construction and historical development of the contributing resources, beginning in 1944 and ending in 1945, constitute the proposed period of significance. All of the contributing resources are high-quality, brick veneer clad examples, rare in the City of Eau Claire, of the Minimal Traditional style, the most popular residential architectural style in Wisconsin during the period of significance. Boundary Description The proposed district consists of the legal parcels associated with the contributing and noncontributing resources within the district and may be defined by this general description: Beginning on the south curb line of Hoover Avenue that corresponds to the northwest corner of the lot associated with 1313 Hoover Avenue, continue east along the south curb line of Hoover Avenue to the northeast corner of the lot associated with 1439 Hoover Avenue, turn 90 degrees and continue south along the east property line of said lot to the southeast corner of said lot, turn 90 degrees and continue to the southwest corner of the lot associated with 1313 Hoover Avenue, turn 90 degrees and continue north along the west property line of said lot to the beginning. The boundaries of the proposed Hoover Avenue Residential Historic District are clearly delineated on the accompanying district map and enclose the area of 1.74 acres. Boundary Justification The boundaries of the proposed Hoover Avenue Residential Historic District enclose all the areas historically associated with the district s resources and largely correspond to the boundaries of the small residential subdivision in which they were built. While the few excluded houses within this subdivision and the surrounding residential neighborhood consist largely of Minimal Traditional style houses mixed with some related, simplified Colonial Revival and Ranch style homes, these do not match the quality and rarity of the brick veneer clad homes within the district or do not maintain the same level of historic integrity as the residences contained within the proposed district 128

132 boundaries. The boundaries were also drawn to exclude an elementary school bordering the district to the south, as it does not conform to either the residential nature or defining architectural style of the district. The result is a cohesive district with only one non-contributing property. Building Inventory The following inventory lists every resource in the proposed district and includes the address of the property; the historic name; the date or circa date of construction; and the resource s contributing (C), non-contributing (NC), or previously listed in the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) class. Address Historic Name 299 Date 300 Style Class 1313 Hoover Avenue Walter & Geraldine Crisp House 1945 Minimal Traditional C 1317 Hoover Avenue Arnold S. Walker House 1940 Ranch NC 1321 Hoover Avenue Evander & Mayme Noble House 1944 Minimal Traditional C 1403 Hoover Avenue John & Ida Noble House 1944 Minimal Traditional C 1407 Hoover Avenue Elmer & Angeline Johnson House 1944 Minimal Traditional C 1411 Hoover Avenue Ernest & Lucille Geisler House 1944 Minimal Traditional C 1417 Hoover Avenue Carl E. Bjorke House 1944 Minimal Traditional C 1423 Hoover Avenue Walter S. Remund House 1944 Minimal Traditional C 1429 Hoover Avenue Walter L. Becker House 1944 Minimal Traditional C 1433 Hoover Avenue Roy N. & Frances Whelihan House 1944 Minimal Traditional C 1439 Hoover Avenue Morris & Mildred Abrahms House 1945 Minimal Traditional C 129

133 Resources Included in this Survey Address Historic Name 301 Date 302 Style 2006 Agnes Street Wilfred J. Kappus House 1954 Ranch 2303 Agnes Street Walter E. Harke House 1955 Ranch 2816 Agnes Street Owen Ayres House 1955 Colonial Styled Ranch 3031 Agnes Street Dennis F. D'Jock House 1959 International Style 316 Bolles Street Casper Johnson House 1939 Side Gabled 1807 Brackett Avenue Red & White Supermarket 1953 Contemporary Style 2113 Brackett Avenue Howard M. Erickson House 1956 Ranch 2159 Brackett Avenue Wagner's Sixty Six and One Half Lanes 1976 Other Modern Style 913 Bradley Avenue Gerald G. Steinke House 1973 Mansard 1043 Bradley Avenue Gary A. Mahnke House 1969 Ranch 1209 Bradley Avenue Orville L. Bierman House 1972 Ranch 1221 Bradley Avenue Ralph C. Gilbertson House 1968 Colonial Styled Ranch 824 Cameron Street Bert F. Johnson House 1929 Front Gabled 920 Cameron Trail Ben G. Gunderson House 1954 Ranch 928 Cameron Trail Earl W. Nale House 1931 Bungalow 1120 Cedar Street Lutheran Church of the Good Shepherd 1954 Brutalist Chippewa Rv. at Anderson St. Chicago, St. Paul, Minneapolis & Omaha Railway Bridge 1881 N/A Chippewa River at Old Wells Chicago, St. Paul, Minneapolis & Omaha Road & Garden St. Railway Bridge 1912 N/A Chippewa River at Mead St. Eau Claire Dells Dam 1914 N/A 3614 Chippewa River Drive James E. Finley House 1967 Ranch 3732 Chippewa River Drive Sigurdson R. Gram House 1978 Organic 3906 Chippewa River Drive House c.1926 Front Gabled 3908 Chippewa River Drive House 1926 Side Gabled 1314 E. Clairemont Avenue Trinity Lutheran Church 1954 Contemporary Style 1703 E. Clairemont Avenue House 1959 Ranch 2105 E. Clairemont Avenue Stucky Chiropractic Center 1959 Contemporary Style 2602 E. Clairemont Avenue Pizza Hut 1967 Postmodern 807 W. Clairemont Avenue University 66 Service Station 1967 Contemporary Style 2716 Clark Place Louis E. Slock House 1954 Ranch 2717 Clark Place Marilyn Olson House 1959 Ranch 2814 Clark Place Leonard E. Anderson House 1957 Ranch 2819 Clark Place Lucile E. Hurley House 1953 Ranch 2820 Clark Place Vertie K. Elliot House 1954 Ranch 3120 Clinton Court William H. Walter House 1968 Split Level 1107 Cummings Avenue James J. Repinski House 1973 Split Level 1412 Cummings Avenue Russell M. Johnson House 1975 New Traditional Colonial 1439 Cummings Avenue Wayne W. LaGasse House 1973 Split Level 1709 Donald Avenue Ervin J. Berg House 1947 Minimal Traditional 1722 Donald Avenue Kenneth M. Wagner House 1948 Minimal Traditional 1816 Donald Avenue Lois S. Matson House 1948 Ranch 1903 Donald Avenue Joseph J. Cook House 1947 Minimal Traditional 1603 Drummond Street Bernard Romin House 1939 Mansard 1617 Drummond Street Roy S. Risberg House 1959 Contemporary Style 1620 Drummond Street Orth I. Dains House 1961 Colonial Styled Ranch 1928 Drummond Street Egon Weiss House 1962 Ranch 1703 Drummond Street Melvin S. Cohen House 1961 International Style 1704 Drummond Street Peter J. Scarseth House 1964 Ranch 1717 Drummond Street David R. Steven House 1964 Split Level 1735 Drummond Street James W. Merritt House 1964 Colonial Styled Ranch 130

134 Address Historic Name 303 Date 304 Style 1740 Drummond Street Jerome D. Johnson House 1974 Ranch 1743 Drummond Street Arthur F. Rizzi House 1963 New Traditional Colonial 1767 Drummond Street John F. Hoeppner House 1955 Split Level 1602 Drury Court William E. Sherman House 1958 Ranch 1606 Drury Court Rodger M. Anderson House 1959 Ranch 1520 Eleventh Street House 1955 Ranch 1618 Eleventh Street House 1949 Ranch 1816 Eleventh Street House 1960 Split Level 2328 Eleventh Street House 1961 Ranch 2502 Eleventh Street St. James the Greater Catholic Church 1960 New Formalist 2502 Eleventh Street St. James the Greater Catholic Church Rectory 1955 Art Moderne 2502 Eleventh Street St. James the Greater Catholic School 1950 Art Moderne 2502 Eleventh Street St. James the Greater Catholic Church Garage Astylistic Utilitarian 2502 Eleventh Street St. James the Greater Catholic Church Shed Astylistic Utilitarian 2841 Eleventh Street House 1953 Ranch 2844 Eleventh Street House 1967 Neoclassical Styled Ranch 3103 Ellis Street Henry F. Naybert House 1959 Ranch 3025 Fear Street Emil G. Gratz House 1955 Ranch 3325 Fear Street Marvin J. Market House 1971 New Formalist 2810 Fifth Street House 1952 Minimal Traditional 2820 Fifth Street House 1948 Minimal Traditional 2844 Fifth Street House 1940 Minimal Traditional 226 E. Fillmore Avenue Mary E. Lee House 1957 Ranch 803 E. Fillmore Avenue Rev. Julius H. Kolberg House 1966 Ranch 910 E. Fillmore Avenue Edward A. Christenson House 1966 Ranch 121 W. Fillmore Avenue Asher E. Rost House 1956 Ranch 315 W. Fillmore Avenue Milton E. Johnson House 1955 Ranch 321 W. Fillmore Avenue Philip Breitman House 1964 Ranch 409 W. Fillmore Avenue Albert C. Vroome House 1956 Ranch 1303 Folsom Street Leonard B. Miller House 1965 Ranch 2333 Fourteenth Street House 1961 Ranch 2425 Fourteenth Street Andrew Moholt House 1921 Bungalow 2753 Fourth Street Kingdom Hall of Jehovah's Witness c.1960 Contemporary Style 1606 Frederic Street House 1936 International Style 1608 Frederic Street Vernon C. Cleasby House 1936 Colonial Revival 1609 Frederic Street Roland K. Malwitz House 1941 Colonial Revival 1619 Frederic Street Paul F. Solheim House 1941 Colonial Revival 1622 Frederic Street Roy H. Swanson House 1939 Colonial Revival 1701 Frederic Street Oscar H. Labude House 1948 Minimal Traditional 2201 Frona Place David C. Hanson House 1986 Shed 2211 Frona Place Bittner House 1979 Shed 1701 Goff Avenue Seventh Day Adventist Church 1952 Contemporary Style 1719 Goff Avenue Halgren Apartments 1950 Colonial Revival 115 E. Grant Avenue Merle J. Freiheit House 1953 Ranch 409 E. Grant Avenue Frank E. Cairns House 1962 Ranch 510 E. Grant Avenue William B. Dinkel House 1962 Ranch 516 E. Grant Avenue Frederick A. Zank House 1962 Ranch 712 E. Grant Avenue Marlo A. Orth House 1962 Ranch 905 E. Grant Avenue Dewey E. Johnson House 1961 Ranch 243 W. Grant Avenue Loren O. Schelley House 1952 Ranch 322 W. Grant Avenue Ralph L. Blake House 1952 Ranch 501 Grover Road Erskine B. Ingram House / Immanuel Lutheran College Ingram Hall 1922 Colonial Revival 131

135 Address Historic Name 305 Date 306 Style 501 Grover Road Erskine B. Ingram Estate Gardener s House / Immanuel Lutheran College West Hall 1922 Colonial Revival 501 Grover Road Immanuel Lutheran College South Hall c.1965 Contemporary Style 501 Grover Road Immanuel Lutheran College North Hall c.1975 Sustainable 124 E. Hamilton Avenue Rev. Vernon B. Van Bruggen House 1971 Ranch 220 E. Hamilton Avenue Ronald J. Darrin House 1971 Ranch 228 E. Hamilton Avenue Robert T. Hale House 1971 Ranch 300 E. Hamilton Avenue Chapel Heights United Methodist Church 1968 Contemporary Style 918 E. Hamilton Avenue Roy F. Prueher House 1972 Split Level 821 Harris Street Harry Repaal House 1954 Ranch 917 Harris Street Sawyer Biscuit Company 1949 Astylistic Utilitarian 1222 Hawthorne Street Carl M. Anderson House 1940 Side Gabled 2202 Henry Avenue Jerry L. Krogman House 1973 New Traditional Classical 1313 Hoover Avenue Walter & Geraldine Crisp House 1945 Minimal Traditional 1317 Hoover Avenue Arnold S. Walker House 1940 Ranch 1321 Hoover Avenue Evander & Mayme Noble House 1944 Minimal Traditional 1403 Hoover Avenue John & Ida Noble House 1944 Minimal Traditional 1407 Hoover Avenue Elmer & Angeline Johnson House 1944 Minimal Traditional 1411 Hoover Avenue Ernest & Lucille Geisler House 1944 Minimal Traditional 1417 Hoover Avenue Carl E. Bjorke House 1944 Minimal Traditional 1423 Hoover Avenue Walter S. Remund House 1944 Minimal Traditional 1429 Hoover Avenue Walter L. Becker House 1944 Minimal Traditional 1433 Hoover Avenue Roy N. & Frances Whelihan House 1944 Minimal Traditional 1439 Hoover Avenue Morris & Mildred Abrams House 1945 Minimal Traditional 1416 Howard Avenue Robert L. Beatty House 1962 Ranch 1430 Howard Avenue Ernest E. Bruce House 1966 Ranch 1613 Howard Avenue Fred J. Merick House 1974 Ranch 405 Ingram Drive House c.1965 Split Level 507 Ingram Drive W House c.1970 Ranch 513 Ingram Drive W House c.1970 Ranch 3014 Irene Drive Milan M. Mueller House 1960 Ranch 3030 Irene Drive Juel S. Market House 1959 Contemporay Style 3038 Irene Drive Edwin A. Rasmussen House 1959 Ranch 3541 Jeffers Road George B. Lahner House 1958 Ranch 2308 Jordan Court Arthur A. James House 1971 Tudor Styled Ranch 2329 Jordan Court Arthur A. James House 1963 Colonial Styled Ranch 2330 Jordan Court Robert G. Fossland House 1963 Split Level 2611 Kay Street Charles E. Colburn House 1965 Ranch 2718 Kay Street Thomas P. Reidinger House 1965 Colonial Revival 2005 Keith Street Eau Claire U.S. Army Reserve Center 1958 Contemporay Style 2005 Keith Street Eau Claire U.S. Army Reserve Center Vehicle Maintenance Shop 1958 Contemporay Style 2614 Keith Street Alfred J. Robertson House 1962 Ranch 2712 Keith Street George H. Skeels House 1946 Minimal Traditional 2824 Kelley Place Lloyd A. Klofanda House 1955 Ranch 713 Kenney Avenue Bertelson Company 1971 Other Modern Style 727 Kenney Avenue Radiologists Limited/IBM 1969 Other Modern Style 1624 Lehman Street Afner H. Olson House 1968 Ranch 1910 Lehman Street Kent R. Garrison House 1967 A-Frame 109 E. Lexington Boulevard Margaret M. Miley House 1954 Ranch 311 E. Lexington Boulevard Harry E. Fenner House 1954 Ranch 803 E. Lexington Boulevard Irving C. Nelson House 1961 Ranch 1003 E. Lexington Boulevard Gerald E. Kitzberger House 1958 Ranch 132

136 Address Historic Name 307 Date 308 Style 1015 E. Lexington Boulevard John B. Ramsey House 1959 Ranch 1016 E. Lexington Boulevard Orlando C. Holm House 1958 Ranch 1022 E. Lexington Boulevard Ronald Johnson House 1958 Ranch 1403 E. Lexington Boulevard Sigurd A. Hanson House 1955 Ranch 1407 E. Lexington Boulevard Edwin B. Livesey House 1958 Ranch 1515 E. Lexington Boulevard Gorden H. Field House 1954 Ranch 1617 E. Lexington Boulevard George E. McClellan House 1955 Ranch 1709 E. Lexington Boulevard Harold R. Matz House 1956 Ranch 1715 E. Lexington Boulevard Jacob P. Zais House 1955 Ranch 2909 S. Lexington Boulevard Ivar A. Walker House 1953 Ranch 121 W. Lexington Boulevard Roy M. Hendrickson House 1953 Ranch 127 W. Lexington Boulevard Arthur E. Petzold House 1948 Minimal Traditional 133 W. Lexington Boulevard Peter I. Skinner House 1951 Minimal Traditional 239 W. Lexington Boulevard Jeannette L. Peters House 1955 Ranch 246 W. Lexington Boulevard Joseph A. Olson House 1955 Ranch 1616 Lloyd Avenue Wendell W. Wilson House 1957 Ranch 1622 Lloyd Avenue Rollie C. Matx House 1947 Minimal Traditional 1704 Lloyd Avenue Milton Siker House 1957 Ranch 1810 Lloyd Avenue Joseph W. Girard House 1959 Ranch 1110 Locust Street Julius J Spaulding House 1947 Colonial Styled Ranch 2210 London Road Pied Pieper II Restaurant & Pancake House 1956 Contemporay Style 2222 London Road Smith Funeral Chapel 1960 Neoclassical Styled Ranch 309 Long Street Cecel J. Jensen House 1953 Ranch 322 Long Street Edward O. Thon House 1949 Minimal Traditional 309 E. MacArthur Avenue Lawrence Nelson House 1961 Ranch 518 E. MacArthur Avenue Warren J. Hoehn House 1961 Ranch 603 E. MacArthur Avenue Hubert J. Fischer House 1959 Ranch 710 E. MacArthur Avenue Orrin G. Wright House 1959 Ranch 715 E. MacArthur Avenue George W. Boie House 1960 Ranch 248 W. MacArthur Avenue Jack H. Drenth House 1952 Ranch 510 W. MacArthur Avenue John A. Westberg House 1955 Ranch 720 & 722 W. MacArthur Ave. Duplex 1966 Ranch 2817 Marilyn Drive Stanley W. Larson House 1970 Ranch 1307 Marquette Street Stanley W. Meitla House 1971 Ranch 2616 May Street Leslie J. Bullis House 1962 Ranch 2705 May Street William T. Gohn House 1962 Ranch 3151 May Street Jim A. Epps House 1974 Ranch 205 Mead Street Julius Fethke House 1930 Bungalow 324 Mead Street Lucinda Paff House 1910 Front Gabled 518 & 520 Mead Street Richard R. Heleniak Duplex 1950 Colonial Revival 617 Mead Street Loren G. Kassera House 1962 Ranch 2816 Nimitz Street Elmer Johnson House 1962 Ranch 1330 Nixon Avenue Robert J. Nelson House 1978 Split Level 1705 Oaklawn Drive Marshall L. Hughes House 1965 Ranch 2905 Patton Street Gerald E. Paul House 1961 Ranch 709 Platt Street Minnie Remington House 1916 Bungalow 109 E. Polk Avenue DeLos A. Walker House 1947 Minimal Traditional 1714 Redwood Drive Charles M. Dodge House 1971 Ranch 704, 706, 708, 710, 712 & 714 Richard Drive Townhouses 1968 New Traditional Colonial 718, 720, 722, 724, 726 & 728 Richard Drive Townhouses 1968 New Traditional Colonial 133

137 Address Historic Name 309 Date 310 Style 2801, 2803, 2805, 2807, 2809 & 2811 Richard Drive Townhouses 1970 New Traditional Colonial 2819 & 2821 Richard Drive Duplex 1968 Ranch 2827 & 2829 Richard Drive Duplex 1966 Ranch 2831 & 2833 Richard Drive Duplex 1966 Ranch 1615 Rist Avenue Howard G. Boot House 1952 Ranch 1708 Rist Avenue Freeman E. Woodhull House 1950 Ranch 245 E. Riverview Drive Donald R. Gashaw House 1977 Ranch 341 E. Riverview Drive Fred L. Button House 1980 Ranch 2418 & 2420 Riverview Drive Rodney Johnson Duplex 1975 Split Level 2428 & 2430 Riverview Drive Duane A. Thompson Duplex 1977 Split Level 2711 Riverview Drive Eau Claire Pumping Station Reservoir 1935 Tudor Revival 2711 Riverview Drive Eau Claire Pumping Station Cottage 1935 Tudor Revival 2711 Riverview Drive Eau Claire Pumping Station Well c.1935 Tudor Revival 2711 Riverview Drive Eau Claire Pumping Station Well c.1935 Tudor Revival 2711 Riverview Drive Eau Claire Pumping Station Well 2 c.1935 Tudor Revival 2711 Riverview Drive Eau Claire Pumping Station Well 4 c.1935 Tudor Revival 2711 Riverview Drive Eau Claire Pumping Station Well 8 c.1935 Tudor Revival 2711 Riverview Drive Eau Claire Pumping Station Well 9 c.1935 Tudor Revival 2711 Riverview Drive Eau Claire Pumping Station Well 10 c.1935 Tudor Revival 2711 Riverview Drive Eau Claire Pumping Station Well 11 c.1935 Tudor Revival 2711 Riverview Drive Eau Claire Pumping Station Well 12 c.1935 Tudor Revival 2711 Riverview Drive Eau Claire Pumping Station 1945 Art Moderne 2711 Riverview Drive Eau Claire Pumping Station Well c.1945 Art Moderne 2711 Riverview Drive Eau Claire Pumping Station Well c.1945 Art Moderne 2711 Riverview Drive Eau Claire Pumping Station Well 13 c.1945 Art Moderne 2711 Riverview Drive Eau Claire Pumping Station Well c.1955 Contemporary Style 2711 Riverview Drive Eau Claire Pumping Station Well 14 c.1955 Contemporary Style 2711 Riverview Drive Eau Claire Pumping Station Well 15 c.1955 Contemporary Style 2711 Riverview Drive Eau Claire Pumping Station Well 16 c.1955 Contemporary Style 2711 Riverview Drive Eau Claire Pumping Station Well 17 c.1955 Contemporary Style 2711 Riverview Drive Eau Claire Pumping Station Water Tower N/A 2711 Riverview Drive Eau Claire Pumping Station Air Stripping Facility 1986 Astylistic Utilitarian 2711 Riverview Drive Eau Claire Pumping Station Well 19 c.1995 New Traditional Tudor 2711 Riverview Drive Eau Claire Pumping Station Well 21 c.1995 New Traditional Tudor 3050 Riverview Drive James M. Chmel House 1978 Shed 3413 Riverview Drive Hobart E. Knowlton House 1960 Split Level 1837 Ruby Lane Kenneth Knutson House 1938 Front Gabled 1507 Rudolph Court Hans H. Solem House 1962 Ranch 1914 Rudolph Court Gerald P. Ritchie House 1962 Ranch 2005 & 2007 Rudolph Road Duplex 1953 Ranch 2112 Rudolph Road First Presbyterian Church & School 1965 Contemporay Style 2309 Rudolph Road Lloyd Pedin House 1947 Colonial Revival 2321 Rudolph Road Anna Tittel House 1946 Minimal Traditional 2511 Rudolph Road Elmer M. Heuer House 1952 Ranch 2604 Rudolph Road Edwin E. Leskinen House 1953 Ranch 2802 Rudolph Road John J. Jarocki House 1955 Ranch 2822 Rudolph Road William J. Towle House 1954 Ranch 2902 Rudolph Road Felix E. Jungerberg House 1954 Ranch 2910 Rudolph Road Harold V. Krause House 1956 Ranch 3008 Rudolph Road Felix E. Jungerberg House 1960 Ranch 134

138 Address Historic Name 311 Date 312 Style 3339 Rudolph Road Donald Mundinger House 1948 Ranch 1603 Rust Street Mort B. Phillips House 1936 Colonial Revival 1615 Rust Street Leslie A. Cornwall House 1930 Tudor Revival 1621 Rust Street Harold J. Youngburg House 1936 Colonial Revival 1627 Rust Street Orin H. Nelson House 1935 Tudor Revival 1703 Rust Street Archie R. Lund House 1939 Colonial Revival 1711 Rust Street Ole F. Strand House 1941 Colonial Revival 1725 Rust Street John J. Lindner House 1939 Colonial Revival 3228 Seventh Street Paul J. Bleske House 1956 Ranch 2703 Sherman Street Willard D. Breden House 1959 Ranch 2901 Sherman Street Edsel Grams House 1961 Ranch 3018 Sherman Street Theo E. Mollerud House 1977 New Traditional Colonial 2746 Sixth Street Raymond E. Douglas House 1951 Ranch 2917 Sixth Street House 1956 Split Level 3121 Sixth Street House 1971 Ranch 1814 Skeels Avenue Everett E. Blakeley House 1958 Ranch 2118 Skeels Avenue Al H. Espeseth House 1969 New Traditional Colonial 3015 State Street Jacob C. Johnson House 1955 Ranch 1436 Taft Avenue Dale W. Syth House 1968 Split-Level 1609 Taft Avenue Marie M. Jaastad House 1967 New Traditional Tudor 1619 Taft Avenue Joseph H. Berg House 1955 Ranch 1811 Taft Avenue Tracy A. Young House 1957 Ranch 1912 Taft Avenue Raymond W. Beede House 1957 Ranch 2760 Third Street Langlois Grocery 1917 American Foursquare 2807 Third Street House 1926 Minimal Traditional 2852 Third Street George O. Birge House 1908 Bungalow 2043 Thirteenth Street William R. Anderson House 1936 Minimal Traditional 2510 Thirteenth Street Gerald T. Tubbs House 1970 Ranch 2804 Thirteenth Street Robert A. Smith House 1969 Split Level 2854 Thirteenth Street Donald D. Brown House 1965 Ranch 2812 & 2814 Thomas Drive Apartments 1965 Colonial Revival 2831 & 2833 Thomas Drive Duplex 1965 Ranch 2832 & 2834 Thomas Drive E.D. Waedt Duplex 1965 Ranch 2214 Trimble Street John L. Gunsolley House 1962 Contemporay Style 822 Truax Boulevard Arnstad-Koenig Company General Contractors 1951 Astylistic Utilitarian 855 Truax Boulevard House 1968 Ranch 863 Truax Boulevard Helmer Olson House 1962 Ranch 215 W. Truman Avenue Clifton L. Husburg House 1953 Ranch 2822 Twelfth Street William L. Jacobson House 1967 Ranch 2840 Twelfth Street Robert L. Wheeler House 1968 Ranch 401 E. Tyler Avenue Roy M. Hendrickson House 1964 Ranch 415 E. Tyler Avenue Thiman D. Gilbertson House 1963 Ranch 904 E. Tyler Avenue Daryl H. Wohlert House 1965 Ranch 1004 E. Tyler Avenue Robert C. Budik House 1964 Split Level 122 W. Tyler Avenue Merton P. Meyers House 1953 Ranch 128 W. Tyler Avenue John Hyrn House 1953 Ranch 140 W. Tyler Avenue Frederick J. Jackson House 1953 Ranch 218 W. Tyler Avenue George Fuller House 1953 Ranch 326 W. Tyler Avenue Rolla N. Wilson House 1954 Ranch 504 W. Tyler Avenue Roger G. Rand House 1956 Ranch 144 Viking Place William E. Henning House 1954 Ranch 166 Viking Place Nick J. Miller House 1952 Ranch 1428 Webster Avenue Ray R. Mortt House 1976 Ranch 135

139 Address Historic Name 313 Date 314 Style 1514 Webster Avenue Floyd L. Norrish House 1957 Contemporay Style 2130 Welsh Drive Donald J. Hyland House 1955 Colonial Revival 2138 Welsh Drive Norman E. Ballard House 1958 Ranch 1203 Wilson Drive Lloyd O. Johnson House 1953 Ranch 1328 Wilson Drive Saint Bede Priory House 1956 Minimal Traditional 134 Wold Court Arthur M. Gregis House 1957 Ranch 140 Wold Court Joseph H. White House 1947 Ranch Previously Surveyed Resources That Are No Longer Survey-Worthy The following inventory lists resources previously recorded in the Wisconsin Historical Society s online Architecture and History Inventory (AHI) that no longer maintain sufficient architectural integrity to be considered survey worthy due to non-historic and unsympathetic additions and alterations. Address Historic Name 315 Date 316 Style 314 Folsom Street House 1876 Queen Anne 1609 Rust Street House 1936 Mediterranean Revival Previously Surveyed Resources That Are Non-Extant The following inventory lists resources previously recorded in the Wisconsin Historical Society s online Architecture and History Inventory (AHI) that have been demolished, destroyed by fire or natural disaster, or were not located during the reconnaissance survey and are therefore believed to be no longer extant. Address Historic Name Date Style Old Wells Road at Railroad Old Wells Road Bridge N/A 136

140 5TH STREET 4TH STREET 7TH STREET 7TH STREET 6TH STREET CHIPPEWA RIVER BOLLES STREET ANDERSON STREET 1ST STREET 2ND STREET 1ST STREET MEAD STREET 2ND STREET FOUNTAIN STREET 3RD STREET 3RD STREET 4TH STREET 4TH STREET MEAD STREET BOLLES STREET BOLLES STREET GILBERT STREET MARSHALL STREET FOUNTAIN STREET 5TH STREET 6TH STREET SURVEY MAPS FOR: ARLINGTON & PUTNAM HEIGHTS, DELLS PARK & RIVERVIEW, AND UPPER WESTSIDE NEIGHBORHOODS CITY OF EAU CLAIRE, WISCONSIN ARCHITECTURAL & HISTORICAL INTENSIVE SURVEY 529 Ontario Avenue Sheboygan, Wisconsin (920) NO. REVISIONS DATE PARTIAL SURVEY MAP 0' 50' 100' 200' LEGEND City Limits Survey Boundary AHI Number Address PROJECT NUMBER DRAWN BY B. SHORT CHECKED BY J. LEHRKE DATE 07/15/16 SHEET TITLE SURVEY MAP SHEET NUMBER A-Y3

141 3RD STREET 5TH STREET 4TH STREET 6TH STREET 7TH STREET 6TH STREET FOREST STREET 7TH STREET RAILROAD RAILROAD CHIPPEWA RIVER 1ST STREET OLD WELLS ROAD MEAD STREET SELMA STREET LONG STREET 3RD STREET FOLSOM STREET TRUAX BOULEVARD 3RD STREET GARDEN STREET SELMA STREET SURVEY MAPS FOR: ARLINGTON & PUTNAM HEIGHTS, DELLS PARK & RIVERVIEW, AND UPPER WESTSIDE NEIGHBORHOODS CITY OF EAU CLAIRE, WISCONSIN ARCHITECTURAL & HISTORICAL INTENSIVE SURVEY 529 Ontario Avenue Sheboygan, Wisconsin (920) NO. REVISIONS DATE TRUAX BOULEVARD FOLSOM STREET PARTIAL SURVEY MAP 0' 50' 100' 200' LEGEND City Limits Survey Boundary AHI Number Address PROJECT NUMBER DRAWN BY B. SHORT CHECKED BY J. LEHRKE DATE 07/15/16 SHEET TITLE SURVEY MAP SHEET NUMBER A-Y4

142 SURVEY MAPS FOR: ARLINGTON & PUTNAM HEIGHTS, DELLS PARK & RIVERVIEW, AND UPPER WESTSIDE NEIGHBORHOODS CITY OF EAU CLAIRE, WISCONSIN ARCHITECTURAL & HISTORICAL INTENSIVE SURVEY 529 Ontario Avenue Sheboygan, Wisconsin (920) NO. REVISIONS DATE LANTERN LANE GARDEN STREET GARDEN STREET 3RD STREET 7TH STREET 6TH STREET OLD WELLS ROAD HEWITT STREET CHIPPEWA RIVER RAILROAD PROJECT NUMBER DRAWN BY B. SHORT CHECKED BY J. LEHRKE DATE 07/15/16 SHEET TITLE SURVEY MAP SHEET NUMBER OLD WELLS ROAD HEWITT STREET LANTERN LANE PARTIAL SURVEY MAP 0' 50' 100' 200' LEGEND City Limits Survey Boundary AHI Number Address A-Y5 LROAD

143 1 1 PLATT STREET 11TH STREET 9TH STREET 8TH STREET 7TH STREET 6TH STREET CAMERON STREET 11TH STREET MAXON STREET 8TH STREET CAMERON TRAIL CAMERON PARK PLAYGROUND HALFMOON LAKE 9TH STREET JAMES STREET PLATT STREET SURVEY MAPS FOR: ARLINGTON & PUTNAM HEIGHTS, DELLS PARK & RIVERVIEW, AND UPPER WESTSIDE NEIGHBORHOODS CITY OF EAU CLAIRE, WISCONSIN ARCHITECTURAL & HISTORICAL INTENSIVE SURVEY 529 Ontario Avenue Sheboygan, Wisconsin (920) NO. REVISIONS DATE PROJECT NUMBER DRAWN BY B. SHORT CHECKED BY J. LEHRKE DATE 07/15/16 SHEET TITLE SURVEY MAP SHEET NUMBER DRIVE BUFFINGTON CAMERON STREET NICHOLAS DRIVE AMANDA COURT DRIVE NICHOLAS PARTIAL SURVEY MAP 0' 50' 100' 200' LEGEND City Limits Survey Boundary AHI Number Address A-Z1 PLATT STREET 14TH STREET BELL STREET RAEDEL ROAD CAMERON STREET

144 6TH STREET 13TH STREET 14TH STREET 11TH STREET 8TH STREET 7TH STREET 9TH STREET 6TH STREET 7TH STREET 11TH STREET 10TH STREET 9TH STREET PLATT STREET FOUNTAIN STREET CEDAR STREET CEDAR STREET VALLEY PARK COURT WALNUT STREET SEVENTH ST MAPLE STREET VINE STREET FOUNTAIN STREET CEDAR STREET LOCUST STREET 12TH STREET WILSON DRIVE HAWTHORNE STREET SURVEY MAPS FOR: ARLINGTON & PUTNAM HEIGHTS, DELLS PARK & RIVERVIEW, AND UPPER WESTSIDE NEIGHBORHOODS CITY OF EAU CLAIRE, WISCONSIN ARCHITECTURAL & HISTORICAL INTENSIVE SURVEY 529 Ontario Avenue Sheboygan, Wisconsin (920) NO. REVISIONS DATE PROJECT NUMBER DRAWN BY B. SHORT CHECKED BY J. LEHRKE DATE 07/15/16 SHEET TITLE SURVEY MAP SHEET NUMBER TH STREET WILLARD COURT PARTIAL SURVEY MAP 0' 50' 100' 200' LEGEND City Limits Survey Boundary AHI Number Address A-Z2 WILSON DRIVE VINE STREET 14TH STREET

145 14TH STREET 14TH STREET 11TH STREET 12TH STREET 11TH STREET 13TH STREE 13TH STREET 7TH STREET 7TH STREET 6TH STREET 9TH STREET BOLLES STR 6TH STREET MEAD STREET MEAD STREET BOLLES STREET GILBERT STREET MARSHALL STREET FOUNTAIN STREET FOUNTAIN STREET GILBERT STREET MARSHALL STREET FOUNTAIN STREET SURVEY MAPS FOR: ARLINGTON & PUTNAM HEIGHTS, DELLS PARK & RIVERVIEW, AND UPPER WESTSIDE NEIGHBORHOODS CITY OF EAU CLAIRE, WISCONSIN ARCHITECTURAL & HISTORICAL INTENSIVE SURVEY 529 Ontario Avenue Sheboygan, Wisconsin (920) NO. REVISIONS DATE BOLLES STREET PARTIAL SURVEY MAP 0' 50' 100' 200' LEGEND City Limits Survey Boundary AHI Number Address PROJECT NUMBER DRAWN BY B. SHORT CHECKED BY J. LEHRKE DATE 07/15/16 SHEET TITLE SURVEY MAP SHEET NUMBER A-Z3 W MEAD STREET HILLSDALE ROAD MARSHALL STREET WILSON DRIVE T

146 13TH STREET 14TH STREET 14TH STREET 6TH STREET 12TH STREET 11TH STREET 7TH STREET 6TH STREET 7TH STREET SURVEY MAPS FOR: ARLINGTON & PUTNAM HEIGHTS, DELLS PARK & RIVERVIEW, AND UPPER WESTSIDE NEIGHBORHOODS CITY OF EAU CLAIRE, WISCONSIN ARCHITECTURAL & HISTORICAL INTENSIVE SURVEY 529 Ontario Avenue Sheboygan, Wisconsin (920) NO. REVISIONS DATE 9TH STREET 8TH STREET OTIS STREET GARDEN STREET SELMA STREET TRUAX BOULEVARD FOLSOM STREET 9TH STREET GARDEN STREET TRUAX BOULEVARD ROOSEVELT PLAYGROUND TH STREET HARRIS STREET NESTLE AVENUE 11TH STREET PROJECT NUMBER DRAWN BY B. SHORT CHECKED BY J. LEHRKE DATE 07/15/16 SHEET TITLE SURVEY MAP SHEET NUMBER PARTIAL SURVEY MAP 0' 50' 100' 200' LEGEND City Limits Survey Boundary AHI Number Address A-Z4 GREENFIELD DRIVE FOLSOM STREET

147 ANDY LANE SURVEY MAPS FOR: ARLINGTON & PUTNAM HEIGHTS, DELLS PARK & RIVERVIEW, AND UPPER WESTSIDE NEIGHBORHOODS CITY OF EAU CLAIRE, WISCONSIN ARCHITECTURAL & HISTORICAL INTENSIVE SURVEY 529 Ontario Avenue Sheboygan, Wisconsin (920) NO. REVISIONS DATE 14TH STREET 7TH STREET 6TH STREET LANTERN LANE RAILROAD GARDEN STREET GARDEN STREET TRUAX BOULEVARD PROJECT NUMBER DRAWN BY B. SHORT CHECKED BY J. LEHRKE DATE 07/15/16 SHEET TITLE SURVEY MAP SHEET NUMBER 9TH STREET MALEDA DRIVE JEFFERS ROAD JEFFERS ROAD MALEDA COURT MAYWOOD DRIVE MELODY LANE MAYWOOD DRIVE PARTIAL SURVEY MAP 0' 50' 100' 200' LEGEND City Limits Survey Boundary AHI Number Address A-Z5 TRUAX BOULEVARD

148 DRURY AVENUE STARR AVENUE STARR AVENUE AYLMER COURT RAILROAD SURVEY MAPS FOR: ARLINGTON & PUTNAM HEIGHTS, DELLS PARK & RIVERVIEW, AND UPPER WESTSIDE NEIGHBORHOODS CITY OF EAU CLAIRE, WISCONSIN ARCHITECTURAL & HISTORICAL INTENSIVE SURVEY 529 Ontario Avenue Sheboygan, Wisconsin (920) NO. REVISIONS DATE DRURY AVENUE RAILROAD ASH STREET COURT DRURY HOWARD AVENUE DELLVIEW STREET RIVERVIEW DRIVE ASH STREET H HOWARD AVENUE R RIVERVIEW DRIVE LOKEN LANE R RUBY LANE LOKEN LANE DEL RAE COURT DELLS POND PROJECT NUMBER DRAWN BY B. SHORT CHECKED BY J. LEHRKE DATE 07/15/16 SHEET TITLE SURVEY MAP SHEET NUMBER B-X PARTIAL SURVEY MAP 0' 50' 100' 200' LEGEND City Limits Survey Boundary AHI Number Address

149 KERN STREET SECLUSION DRIVE RAILROAD RAILROAD GLENWOOD AVENUE GLENWOOD AVENUE STARR AVENUE STARR AVENUE LA SALLE STREET INWOOD COURT SECLUSION DRIVE OAKLAWN DRIVE OAKLAWN DRIVE SURVEY MAPS FOR: ARLINGTON & PUTNAM HEIGHTS, DELLS PARK & RIVERVIEW, AND UPPER WESTSIDE NEIGHBORHOODS CITY OF EAU CLAIRE, WISCONSIN ARCHITECTURAL & HISTORICAL INTENSIVE SURVEY 529 Ontario Avenue Sheboygan, Wisconsin (920) NO. REVISIONS DATE REDWOOD DRIVE REDWOOD DRIVE HOWARD AVENUE ASH STREET ASH STREET MARK LN RIVERVIEW DRIVE PROJECT NUMBER DRAWN BY B. SHORT CHECKED BY J. LEHRKE DATE 07/15/16 SHEET TITLE SURVEY MAP SHEET NUMBER RUBY LANE RUBY LANE DRIVE RIVERVIEW DRIVE CORNELL STREET WELSH DRIVE ROWE STREET SEVERSON STREET PLANTE STREET CONIFER COURT PLANTE STREET PARTIAL SURVEY MAP 0' 50' 100' 200' LEGEND City Limits Survey Boundary AHI Number Address B-X3 ROWE STREET CORNELL STREET WELSH DRIVE

150 SURVEY MAPS FOR: ARLINGTON & PUTNAM HEIGHTS, DELLS PARK & RIVERVIEW, AND UPPER WESTSIDE NEIGHBORHOODS CITY OF EAU CLAIRE, WISCONSIN ARCHITECTURAL & HISTORICAL INTENSIVE SURVEY 529 Ontario Avenue Sheboygan, Wisconsin (920) NO. REVISIONS DATE KERN STREET DRIVE RIVERV ROWE STREET ROWE STREET SEVERSON STREET PLANTE STREET CORNELL CORNELL STREET CONIFER COURT PLANTE STREET WELSH DRIVE WELSH D CORNELL STREET ROWE STREET DELLS POND PROJECT NUMBER DRAWN BY B. SHORT CHECKED BY J. LEHRKE DATE 07/15/16 SHEET TITLE SURVEY MAP SHEET NUMBER B-Y3 O'BRIEN STREET WELSH DRIVE CHIPPEWA RIVER PARTIAL SURVEY MAP 0' 50' 100' 200' LEGEND City Limits Survey Boundary AHI Number Address

151 SURVEY MAPS FOR: ARLINGTON & PUTNAM HEIGHTS, DELLS PARK & RIVERVIEW, AND UPPER WESTSIDE NEIGHBORHOODS CITY OF EAU CLAIRE, WISCONSIN ARCHITECTURAL & HISTORICAL INTENSIVE SURVEY 529 Ontario Avenue Sheboygan, Wisconsin (920) NO. REVISIONS DATE WORBACH DRIVE BLUEBERRY DRIVE E WELLINGTON DRIVE MARQUETTE STREET MARQUETTE STREET WELSH COURT RIVERVIEW DRIVE CORNELL COURT WANDER CT WANDER CT STATE HIGHWAY 312 / N CROSSING RIVERVIEW PARK PROJECT NUMBER DRAWN BY B. SHORT CHECKED BY J. LEHRKE DATE 07/15/16 SHEET TITLE SURVEY MAP SHEET NUMBER B-Y4 RIVERVIEW DRIVE CHIPPEWA RIVER STATE HIGHWAY 312 / N CROSSING PARTIAL SURVEY MAP 0' 50' 100' 200' LEGEND City Limits Survey Boundary AHI Number Address

152 SURVEY MAPS FOR: ARLINGTON & PUTNAM HEIGHTS, DELLS PARK & RIVERVIEW, AND UPPER WESTSIDE NEIGHBORHOODS CITY OF EAU CLAIRE, WISCONSIN ARCHITECTURAL & HISTORICAL INTENSIVE SURVEY 529 Ontario Avenue Sheboygan, Wisconsin (920) NO. REVISIONS DATE PIEDMONT R MILTON ROAD GREEN ACRES COURT GREEN VIEW DRIVE MILTON ROAD RIVERVIEW DRIVE RIVERVIEW PARK PROJECT NUMBER DRAWN BY B. SHORT CHECKED BY J. LEHRKE DATE 07/15/16 SHEET TITLE SURVEY MAP SHEET NUMBER B-YZ5 RIVERVIEW DRIVE CHIPPEWA RIVER PARTIAL SURVEY MAP 0' 50' 100' 200' LEGEND City Limits Survey Boundary AHI Number Address

153 SURVEY MAPS FOR: ARLINGTON & PUTNAM HEIGHTS, DELLS PARK & RIVERVIEW, AND UPPER WESTSIDE NEIGHBORHOODS CITY OF EAU CLAIRE, WISCONSIN ARCHITECTURAL & HISTORICAL INTENSIVE SURVEY 529 Ontario Avenue Sheboygan, Wisconsin (920) NO. REVISIONS DATE E RIVERVIEW DRIVE DONNA COURT RIVERVIEW DRIVE PROJECT NUMBER DRAWN BY B. SHORT CHECKED BY J. LEHRKE DATE 07/15/16 SHEET TITLE SURVEY MAP SHEET NUMBER B-Z6 CHIPPEWA RIVER PARTIAL SURVEY MAP 0' 50' 100' 200' LEGEND City Limits Survey Boundary AHI Number Address

154 LAWRENCE STREET ERVIN ST SURVEY MAPS FOR: ARLINGTON & PUTNAM HEIGHTS, DELLS PARK & RIVERVIEW, AND UPPER WESTSIDE NEIGHBORHOODS CITY OF EAU CLAIRE, WISCONSIN ARCHITECTURAL & HISTORICAL INTENSIVE SURVEY 529 Ontario Avenue Sheboygan, Wisconsin (920) NO. REVISIONS DATE CHIPPEWA COUNTY EAU CLAIRE COUNTY JOAN STREET RIVERVIEW DRIVE RIVER DRIVE CHIPPEWA PROJECT NUMBER DRAWN BY B. SHORT CHECKED BY J. LEHRKE DATE 07/15/16 SHEET TITLE SURVEY MAP SHEET NUMBER B-Z7 HICKORY LANE HICKORY LANE DONNA COURT RIVERVIEW DRIVE DONNA COURT PARTIAL SURVEY MAP 0' 50' 100' 200' LEGEND City Limits Survey Boundary AHI Number Address

155 LAWRENCE STREET LAWRENCE STREET SURVEY MAPS FOR: ARLINGTON & PUTNAM HEIGHTS, DELLS PARK & RIVERVIEW, AND UPPER WESTSIDE NEIGHBORHOODS CITY OF EAU CLAIRE, WISCONSIN ARCHITECTURAL & HISTORICAL INTENSIVE SURVEY 529 Ontario Avenue Sheboygan, Wisconsin (920) NO. REVISIONS DATE ERVIN ST ERVIN ST E RIVERVIEW DRIVE PROJECT NUMBER DRAWN BY B. SHORT CHECKED BY J. LEHRKE DATE 07/15/16 SHEET TITLE SURVEY MAP SHEET NUMBER E RIVERVIEW DRIVE LILAC STREET JOAN STREET RIVERVIEW DRIVE RIVERVIEW DRIVE CHIPPEWA RIVER DRIVE LILAC STREET PARTIAL SURVEY MAP 0' 50' 100' 200' LEGEND City Limits Survey Boundary AHI Number Address B-Z CHIPPEWA RIVER DRIVE CHIPPEWA RIVER

156 FAIRFAX STREET SAN JUAN DRIVE BAUER BAU STREET STREE ET VERNON STREET VERNON STREET PLEASANT STREET HARLEM STREET MARTIN STREET OTTER ROAD U.S. HIGHWAY 53 HILLCREST PARKWAY STATE HIGHWAY 12 / E CLAIREMONT AVENUE RIDGE ROAD SURVEY MAPS FOR: ARLINGTON & PUTNAM HEIGHTS, DELLS PARK & RIVERVIEW, AND UPPER WESTSIDE NEIGHBORHOODS CITY OF EAU CLAIRE, WISCONSIN ARCHITECTURAL & HISTORICAL INTENSIVE SURVEY 529 Ontario Avenue Sheboygan, Wisconsin (920) NO. REVISIONS DATE GLOEDE AVENUE HARLEM HARLEM STREETSTRETREETT KIRK STREET ESMOND ROAD ESMOND ROAD PLEASANT STREET PARTIAL SURVEY MAP 0' 50' 100' 200' LEGEND City Limits Survey Boundary AHI Number Address PROJECT NUMBER DRAWN BY B. SHORT CHECKED BY J. LEHRKE DATE 07/15/16 SHEET TITLE SURVEY MAP SHEET NUMBER C-U4 S HASTINGS WAY KIRK STREET RIDGE ROAD RFAX STREET

157 HATCH STREET SURVEY MAPS FOR: ARLINGTON & PUTNAM HEIGHTS, DELLS PARK & RIVERVIEW, AND UPPER WESTSIDE NEIGHBORHOODS CITY OF EAU CLAIRE, WISCONSIN ARCHITECTURAL & HISTORICAL INTENSIVE SURVEY 529 Ontario Avenue Sheboygan, Wisconsin (920) NO. REVISIONS DATE RUDOLPH RD E HAMILTON AVENUE FAIRFAX STREET LEHMAN STREET HATCH STREET MITSCHER AVENUE RIDGEVIEW DRIVE FAIRFAX STREET HESTER STREET HESTER STREET LANA LANE FEAR STREET HATCH STREET FEAR STREET LIVINGSTON LANE PICKERIGN PLACE PARTIAL SURVEY MAP 0' 50' 100' 200' LEGEND City Limits Survey Boundary AHI Number Address PROJECT NUMBER DRAWN BY B. SHORT CHECKED BY J. LEHRKE DATE 07/15/16 SHEET TITLE SURVEY MAP SHEET NUMBER C-V1 LEHMAN STREET MITSCHER AVENUE RUDOLPH ROAD

158 KEITH STREET BEVERLY HILLS DRIVE COLTMAN LANE RUDOLPH ROAD RUDOLPH ROAD JANNET AVE FAIRFAX STREET MARILYN DRIVE SKEELS AVENUE FRONA PLACE CORONA AVENUE WALNUT RIDGE DRIVE COLTMAN LANE FAIRFAX STREET HAZELWOOD CT E HAMILTON AVENUE KAY STREET CATUR LANE IRENE DRIVE WEBSTER AVENUE IRENE DRIVE SURVEY MAPS FOR: ARLINGTON & PUTNAM HEIGHTS, DELLS PARK & RIVERVIEW, AND UPPER WESTSIDE NEIGHBORHOODS CITY OF EAU CLAIRE, WISCONSIN ARCHITECTURAL & HISTORICAL INTENSIVE SURVEY 529 Ontario Avenue Sheboygan, Wisconsin (920) NO. REVISIONS DATE GARTON COMMONS AGNES STREET AGNES STREET PROJECT NUMBER DRAWN BY B. SHORT CHECKED BY J. LEHRKE DATE 07/15/16 SHEET TITLE SURVEY MAP SHEET NUMBER CLINTON COURT SOUTH STREET FEAR STREET PARTIAL SURVEY MAP 0' 50' 100' 200' LEGEND City Limits Survey Boundary AHI Number Address C-V2 SKEELS AVENUE WEBSTER AVENUE SOUTH STREET

159 RUDOLPH ROAD F AGNES STREET KEITH STREET RUDOLPH ROAD KEITH STREET FAIRFAX STREET STATE HIGHWAY 12 E LEXINGTON BOUL TAFT AVENUE TAFT AVENUE FAIRFAX STREET HENRY AVENUE MARILYN DRIVE KAY STREET HENRY AVENUE IRENE DRIVE DONALD AVENUE LLOYD AVENUE STATE HIGHWAY 12 / E CLAIREMONT AVENUE BOULEVARD E LEXINGTON TAFT AVENUE AGNES STREET GARTON COMMONS SURVEY MAPS FOR: ARLINGTON & PUTNAM HEIGHTS, DELLS PARK & RIVERVIEW, AND UPPER WESTSIDE NEIGHBORHOODS CITY OF EAU CLAIRE, WISCONSIN ARCHITECTURAL & HISTORICAL INTENSIVE SURVEY 529 Ontario Avenue Sheboygan, Wisconsin (920) NO. REVISIONS DATE PARTIAL SURVEY MAP 0' 50' 100' 200' LEGEND City Limits Survey Boundary AHI Number Address PROJECT NUMBER DRAWN BY B. SHORT CHECKED BY J. LEHRKE DATE 07/15/16 SHEET TITLE SURVEY MAP SHEET NUMBER C-V3

160 RUDOLPH COURT E AGNES STREET AGNES STREET KEITH STREET KEITH STREET DOLPH ROAD FAIRFAX STREET T BRACKETT AVENUE S HASTINGS WAY KIRK STREET RIDGE ROAD REET BRACKETT AVENUE GOFF AVENUE RUDOLPH ROAD HOPKINS AVENUE RIST AVENUE BENTON AVENUE DONALD AVENUE SURVEY MAPS FOR: ARLINGTON & PUTNAM HEIGHTS, DELLS PARK & RIVERVIEW, AND UPPER WESTSIDE NEIGHBORHOODS CITY OF EAU CLAIRE, WISCONSIN ARCHITECTURAL & HISTORICAL INTENSIVE SURVEY 529 Ontario Avenue Sheboygan, Wisconsin (920) NO. REVISIONS DATE PARTIAL SURVEY MAP 0' 50' 100' 200' LEGEND City Limits Survey Boundary AHI Number Address PROJECT NUMBER DRAWN BY B. SHORT CHECKED BY J. LEHRKE DATE 07/15/16 SHEET TITLE SURVEY MAP SHEET NUMBER C-V4

161 RUDOLPH ROAD R BRADLEY AVENUE S CUMMINGS AVENUE SHERMAN STREET SHERMAN STREET AVENUE AVENUE RUDOLPH ROAD MAY STREET T CUMMINGS WEBSTER AVENUE NIXON EISENHOWER STREET WEBSTER AVENUE E HAMILTON AVENUE NIXON AVENUE TAFT AVENUE TAFT AVENUE EISENHOWER STREET CUMMINGS AVENUE T MAY STREET E E FILLMORE AVENUE E FILLMORE AVENUE E MAY STREET E TYLER AVENUE MANZ PLAYGROUND BRADLEY AVENUE SURVEY MAPS FOR: ARLINGTON & PUTNAM HEIGHTS, DELLS PARK & RIVERVIEW, AND UPPER WESTSIDE NEIGHBORHOODS CITY OF EAU CLAIRE, WISCONSIN ARCHITECTURAL & HISTORICAL INTENSIVE SURVEY 529 Ontario Avenue Sheboygan, Wisconsin (920) NO. REVISIONS DATE PROJECT NUMBER DRAWN BY B. SHORT CHECKED BY J. LEHRKE DATE 07/15/16 SHEET TITLE SURVEY MAP SHEET NUMBER NIMITZ STREET E HAMILTON AVENUE PARTIAL SURVEY MAP 0' 50' 100' 200' LEGEND City Limits Survey Boundary AHI Number Address C-W2 T E GRANT AVENUE NIMITZ STREET E

162 TRIMBLE STREET ROY STREET RUDOLPH ROAD JORDAN COURT TRIMBLE STREET SHERMAN STREET RUDOLPH ROAD BRADLEY AVENUE BEND COURT TRIMBLE STREET STATE HIGHWAY 12 / E CLAIREMONT AVENUE E LEXINGTON BOULEVARD TAFT AVENUE TRIMBLE STREET TAFT AVENUE CITY VIEW DRIVE E FILLMORE AVENUE EISENHOWER STREET E PUTNAM DRIVE LITTLE NIAGARA CREEK STATE HIGHWAY 12 / E CLAIREMONT AVENUE E LEXINGTON BOULEVARD SURVEY MAPS FOR: ARLINGTON & PUTNAM HEIGHTS, DELLS PARK & RIVERVIEW, AND UPPER WESTSIDE NEIGHBORHOODS CITY OF EAU CLAIRE, WISCONSIN ARCHITECTURAL & HISTORICAL INTENSIVE SURVEY 529 Ontario Avenue Sheboygan, Wisconsin (920) NO. REVISIONS DATE PROJECT NUMBER DRAWN BY B. SHORT CHECKED BY J. LEHRKE DATE 07/15/16 SHEET TITLE SURVEY MAP SHEET NUMBER C-W3 E MACARTHUR AVENUE E TYLER AVENUE E GRANT AVENUE MAY STREET E PARTIAL SURVEY MAP 0' 50' 100' 200' LEGEND City Limits Survey Boundary AHI Number Address

163 ROY STREET RUDOLPH ROAD RUDOLPH COURT TRIMBLE STREET ROY STREET BRAC RUDOLPH COURT PUTNAM D GOFF AVENUE RUDOLPH ROAD PUTNAM PARK STATE NATURAL AREA HOPKINS AVENUE RIST AVENUE BENTON AVENUE DONALD AVENUE BEND COURT LITTLE NIAGARA CREEK CANFIELD ST PUTNAM PARK STATE NATURAL AREA SURVEY MAPS FOR: ARLINGTON & PUTNAM HEIGHTS, DELLS PARK & RIVERVIEW, AND UPPER WESTSIDE NEIGHBORHOODS CITY OF EAU CLAIRE, WISCONSIN ARCHITECTURAL & HISTORICAL INTENSIVE SURVEY 529 Ontario Avenue Sheboygan, Wisconsin (920) NO. REVISIONS DATE PROJECT NUMBER DRAWN BY B. SHORT CHECKED BY J. LEHRKE DATE 07/15/16 SHEET TITLE SURVEY MAP SHEET NUMBER C-W4 DRUMMOND STREET FREDERIC STREET FREDERIC STR RUST S SUMMIT AVENUE LINCOLN AVENUE DRUMMOND STREET 6 PUTNAM DRIVE K PARTIAL SURVEY MAP 0' 50' 100' 200' LEGEND City Limits Survey Boundary AHI Number Address

164 MARGARET STREET ROYAL COURT AGNES STREET AGNES STREET ROY STREET RUDOLPH COURT FENWICK AVENUE LEE STREET LEE STREET LAUREL AVENUE LEE STREET VALMONT AVENUE OHM AVENUE HARDING AVENUE BRACKETT AVENUE RUDOLPH COURT GOFF AVENUE SURVEY MAPS FOR: ARLINGTON & PUTNAM HEIGHTS, DELLS PARK & RIVERVIEW, AND UPPER WESTSIDE NEIGHBORHOODS CITY OF EAU CLAIRE, WISCONSIN ARCHITECTURAL & HISTORICAL INTENSIVE SURVEY 529 Ontario Avenue Sheboygan, Wisconsin (920) NO. REVISIONS DATE RUDOLPH ROAD T HARDING CT FLYNN ELEMENTARY SCHOOL PLAYGROUND PROJECT NUMBER DRAWN BY B. SHORT CHECKED BY J. LEHRKE DATE 07/15/16 SHEET TITLE SURVEY MAP SHEET NUMBER HARDING AVENUE PUTNAM PARK STATE NATURAL AREA PUTNAM DRIVE PUTNAM PARK STATE NATURAL AREA LITTLE NIAGARA CREEK HARDING AVENUE PUTNAM DRIVE RIPLEY AVENUE KAPPUS PLAYGROUND GILBERT AVENUE CANFIELD ST DRUMMOND STREET SUMMIT AVENUE PARTIAL SURVEY MAP 0' 50' 100' 200' LEGEND City Limits Survey Boundary AHI Number Address C-W5 FREDERIC STREET RIPLEY AVENUE FREDERIC STREET

165 S MAY STREET VIKING PLACE VIKING PLACE PUTNAM PARK STATE NATURAL AREA PUTNAM DRIVE STATE HIGHWAY 12 / E CLAIREMONT AVENUE E E LEXINGTON BOULEVARD WALKER STREET E MACARTHUR NIMITZ STREET MAY STREET E MACARTHUR AVENUE E POLK AVENUE E 023 LITTLE NIAGARA CREEK STATE STREET PATTON STREET E LEXINGTON BOULEVARD SURVEY MAPS FOR: ARLINGTON & PUTNAM HEIGHTS, DELLS PARK & RIVERVIEW, AND UPPER WESTSIDE NEIGHBORHOODS CITY OF EAU CLAIRE, WISCONSIN ARCHITECTURAL & HISTORICAL INTENSIVE SURVEY 529 Ontario Avenue Sheboygan, Wisconsin (920) NO. REVISIONS DATE PATTON STREET E TRUMAN AVENUE PATTON STATE STREET PUTNAM DRIVE WOLD COURT WOLD COURT STATE HIGHWAY 12 / E CLAIREMONT AVENUE VIKING PLACE W LEXINGTON BOULEVARD PROJECT NUMBER DRAWN BY B. SHORT CHECKED BY J. LEHRKE DATE 07/15/16 SHEET TITLE SURVEY MAP SHEET NUMBER C-X W POLK AVENUE AVENUE W TRUMAN W POLK AVENUE W LEXINGTON BOULEVARD PARTIAL SURVEY MAP 0' 50' 100' 200' LEGEND City Limits Survey Boundary AHI Number Address

166 E GRANT AVENU NIMITZ STR E E POLK AV NIMITZ STREET E MACARTHUR AVENUE E GRANT AVENUE E TYLER AVENUE E FILLMORE AVENUE E HAMILTON AVENUE PATTON STREET PATTON STREET E POLK AVENUE E MACARTHUR AVENUE E GRANT AVENUE E TYLER AVENUE E FILLMORE AVENUE E HAMILTON AVENUE STATE STREET STATE STREET VENUE W LEXIN W POLK AVENUE BOULEVARD W TRUMAN AVENUE W MACARTHUR AVENUE W GRANT AVENUE W TYLER AVENUE W FILLMORE AVENUE PROJECT NUMBER DRAWN BY B. SHORT CHECKED BY J. LEHRKE DATE 07/15/16 SHEET TITLE SURVEY MAP SHEET NUMBER E HAMILTON AVE S LEXINGTON BOULEVARD W HAMILTON AVENUE W LEXINGTON S LEXINGTON BOULEVARD SURVEY MAPS FOR: ARLINGTON & PUTNAM HEIGHTS, DELLS PARK & RIVERVIEW, AND UPPER WESTSIDE NEIGHBORHOODS CITY OF EAU CLAIRE, WISCONSIN ARCHITECTURAL & HISTORICAL INTENSIVE SURVEY 529 Ontario Avenue Sheboygan, Wisconsin (920) NO. REVISIONS DATE PARTIAL SURVEY MAP 0' 50' 100' 200' LEGEND City Limits Survey Boundary AHI Number Address C-X E

167 STEIN BOULEVARD AUGUSTA STREET THOMAS DRIVE RICHARD DRIVE PUTNAM GLEN PLACE CHASEWOOD LANE CHERRYWOOD LANE STEVEN LANE ELLIS STREET STEIN BOULEVARD W LEXIN KING PLACE CLARK PLACE BOULEVARD W LEXINGTON W MACARTHUR AVENUE S LEXINGTON BOULEVARD W GRANT AVENUE W TYLER AVENUE W FILLMORE AVENUE S LEXINGTON BOULEVARD W HAMILTON AVENUE KELLY PLACE ELLIS STREET SURVEY MAPS FOR: ARLINGTON & PUTNAM HEIGHTS, DELLS PARK & RIVERVIEW, AND UPPER WESTSIDE NEIGHBORHOODS CITY OF EAU CLAIRE, WISCONSIN ARCHITECTURAL & HISTORICAL INTENSIVE SURVEY 529 Ontario Avenue Sheboygan, Wisconsin (920) NO. REVISIONS DATE ELLIS STREET RICHARD DRIVE PROJECT NUMBER DRAWN BY B. SHORT CHECKED BY J. LEHRKE DATE 07/15/16 SHEET TITLE SURVEY MAP SHEET NUMBER C-Y2 W MACARTHUR AVENUE W HAMILTON AVENUE PARTIAL SURVEY MAP 0' 50' 100' 200' LEGEND City Limits Survey Boundary AHI Number Address

168 UNIVERSITY DRIVE W P STEIN BOULEVARD AUGUSTA STREET THOMAS DRIVE RICHARD DRIVE STEVEN LANE STEIN BOULEVARD BOULEV ELLIS STREET W LEXINGTON FRONTAGE ROAD FRONTAGE ROAD STATE HIGHWAY 12 / E CLAIREMONT AVENUE STATE HIGHWAY 12 / E CLAIREMONT AVENUE KENNEY AVENUE W POLK AVENUE KING PL RICHARD DRIVE KING PLACE KELLY PLACE CLARK PLACE SURVEY MAPS FOR: ARLINGTON & PUTNAM HEIGHTS, DELLS PARK & RIVERVIEW, AND UPPER WESTSIDE NEIGHBORHOODS CITY OF EAU CLAIRE, WISCONSIN ARCHITECTURAL & HISTORICAL INTENSIVE SURVEY 529 Ontario Avenue Sheboygan, Wisconsin (920) NO. REVISIONS DATE PROJECT NUMBER DRAWN BY B. SHORT CHECKED BY J. LEHRKE DATE 07/15/16 SHEET TITLE SURVEY MAP SHEET NUMBER C-Y3 W MACARTHUR AVENUE W MACARTHUR AVENUE PARTIAL SURVEY MAP 0' 50' 100' 200' LEGEND City Limits Survey Boundary AHI Number Address

169 CHAUNCEY STREET MARGARET STREET RODERICK STREET SUMMER STREET AGNES STREET LEE STREET ISABEL STREET RODERICK STREET BADGER AVENUE CHAUNCY STREET LEE STREET CHAUNCEY STREET HOOVER AVENUE MARGARET STREET AGNES STREET SHERWIN AVENUE HIGHLAND AVENUE LYNDALE AVENUE BADGER AVENUE HOOVER AVENUE FENWICK AVENUE LEE STREET FLYNN ELEMENTARY SCHOOL PLAYGROUND SHERWIN AVENUE HIGHLAND AVENUE LYNDALE AVENUE BADGER AVENUE HOOVER AVENUE SURVEY MAPS FOR: ARLINGTON & PUTNAM HEIGHTS, DELLS PARK & RIVERVIEW, AND UPPER WESTSIDE NEIGHBORHOODS CITY OF EAU CLAIRE, WISCONSIN ARCHITECTURAL & HISTORICAL INTENSIVE SURVEY 529 Ontario Avenue Sheboygan, Wisconsin (920) NO. REVISIONS DATE HARDING AVENUE BELMONT AVENUE HUEBSCH BOULEVARD FOREST HILL CEMETERY PROJECT NUMBER DRAWN BY B. SHORT CHECKED BY J. LEHRKE DATE 07/15/16 SHEET TITLE SURVEY MAP SHEET NUMBER D1 HUEBSCH BOULEVARD JEFFERSON COURT HARDING AVENUE EAST STREET PARTIAL SURVEY MAP 0' 50' 100' 200' LEGEND City Limits Survey Boundary AHI Number Address

170 LITTLE NIAGARA CREEK SURVEY MAPS FOR: ARLINGTON & PUTNAM HEIGHTS, DELLS PARK & RIVERVIEW, AND UPPER WESTSIDE NEIGHBORHOODS CITY OF EAU CLAIRE, WISCONSIN ARCHITECTURAL & HISTORICAL INTENSIVE SURVEY 529 Ontario Avenue Sheboygan, Wisconsin (920) NO. REVISIONS DATE PROJECT NUMBER DRAWN BY B. SHORT CHECKED BY J. LEHRKE DATE 07/15/16 SHEET TITLE SURVEY MAP SHEET NUMBER CANFIELD ST DRUMMOND STREET FREDERIC STREET SUMMIT AVENUE LINCOLN AVENUE PUTNAM PARK STATE NATURAL AREA PUTNAM DRIVE S FARWELL S RUST STREET FREDERIC STREET GARFIELD AVENUE RUST STREET DRUMMOND STREET DRUMMOND STREET LITTLE NIAGARA CREEK S FARWELL STREET COOLIDGE COURT SUMMIT AVENUE WILSON STREET LINCOLN AVENUE GARFIELD AVENUE ROOSEVELT AVENUE McKINLEY AVENUE ROOSEVELT AVENUE PARTIAL SURVEY MAP 0' 50' 100' 200' LEGEND City Limits Survey Boundary AHI Number Address D2 WILSON STREET

171 SURVEY MAPS FOR: ARLINGTON & PUTNAM HEIGHTS, DELLS PARK & RIVERVIEW, AND UPPER WESTSIDE NEIGHBORHOODS CITY OF EAU CLAIRE, WISCONSIN ARCHITECTURAL & HISTORICAL INTENSIVE SURVEY 529 Ontario Avenue Sheboygan, Wisconsin (920) NO. REVISIONS DATE LARCHMONT ROAD GLEN WAY BRIAR WAY TARTAN PLACE TARTAN PLACE HEATHER COURT CORYDON ROAD HEATHER ROAD CLAYMORE ROAD HEATHER COURT W LOWES CREEK ROAD LOWES CREEK CLAYMORE ROAD INGRAM ROAD INGRAM DRIVE W RIMRIDGE ROAD RIMRIDGE ROAD TIMBER CREEK COURT LOWES CREEK CORYDON PARK PROJECT NUMBER DRAWN BY B. SHORT CHECKED BY J. LEHRKE DATE 07/15/16 SHEET TITLE SURVEY MAP SHEET NUMBER PARTIAL SURVEY MAP 0' 50' 100' 250' LEGEND City Limits Survey Boundary AHI Number Address D3 TIFFANY LANE

172 16 Recommendations Introduction The survey should serve to enhance the overall historic preservation ethic in the City of Eau Claire. It gives a brief history of the Arlington & Putnam Heights, Dells Park & Riverview, and Upper Westside Neighborhoods as well as the Southeast Portion of the Third Ward Neighborhood, Blocks of Hoover Avenue, and the Immanuel Lutheran College Campus; identifies historic resources; and can serve as a basis for decision-making activities regarding those resources. This report can be used to create interest and awareness and promote historic resources and preservation issues in the City of Eau Claire. This chapter outlines the many benefits of and economic incentives for historic preservation and provides preliminary recommendations for future preservation actions in the city. Community Strategies for Historic Preservation A historic preservation program can be one of the most effective forms of economic development that a municipality can support. Preservation stimulates both public and private investment in the community and supports major components of the local economy: tourism, construction, and real estate. Historic buildings attract customers and are often sought after, desirable pieces of real estate. There are many benefits of historic preservation: Enjoyment and protection of the community s heritage Greater civic pride and an increased sense of belonging Stabilized and improved property values Stabilized and increased property tax revenues Investment in and revitalization of older, historic neighborhoods and properties Limited protection from state or federally funded projects that threaten historic properties or neighborhoods, such as highway expansions Greater flexibility in meeting Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) in historic buildings More flexibility in meeting state building codes for local historic properties Increased attractiveness to new businesses Increased tourism Decreased crime and vandalism in historic areas Increased conservation of materials and natural resources Improved overall quality of life 137

173 In order to achieve these benefits, many incentives for historic preservation have been developed. There are several different types of tax incentives. Property owners who undertake a certified historic restoration or rehabilitation of their property are eligible for income tax credits. Certain historic buildings are also exempt from property taxes, and tax deductions can be utilized for historic façade easements. Additionally, there are several building code incentives. Buildings listed in the National Register of Historic Places or buildings that are eligible for listing qualify for the International Existing Building Code s Historic Buildings Chapter which is slightly more lenient than the standard building code. There is also a greater flexibility in meeting the building requirements of the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA). Further information regarding these incentives has been included in the Chapter 18 Appendix. Recommendation for the Registration & Protection of Resources Historic Preservation Ordinance Before any of the above mentioned benefits of preservation can continue in the City of Eau Claire, it is imperative that a formal city-wide historic preservation program be established. In 1994, an act of the Wisconsin Statutes was passed that required all municipalities, like the City of Eau Claire, which have buildings listed in the National Register of Historic Places to enact an ordinance to regulate any place, structure or object with a special character, historic, archaeological or aesthetic interest, or other significant value, for the purpose of preserving the place, structure or object and its significant characteristics. Ordinances serve to protect extant historic resources and officially establish a Historic Preservation Commission. Such an ordinance has already been enacted by the City of Eau Claire. This was a great step forward in protecting the city s historic structures. Historic Preservation Commission The City of Eau Claire Landmarks Commission should be commended for their ongoing efforts. They hold regular public meetings in order to tackle the tasks that lie ahead. It is their duty to establish planning policies, educate the community, and carry out the program. These tasks are imperative given the threats and losses that the community has recently faced, such as the demolition of seven buildings comprising half of the National Register-listed Confluence Commercial Historic District. If or when the budget permits, some consideration may be given to hiring a staff preservation consultant to keep the commission organized, set policies, and carry out the day-to-day operations of the program. The commission should continue to: Give consideration during commission appointments to ensure commission members possess knowledge, experience, and interest in the areas of local history, historic preservation, historic architecture, real estate, and law. Remain accountable to the legal requirements of the city s preservation ordinance, including specified procedures when meeting to decide upon proposed designations. If unsure of the procedures, the commission should consult with the city attorney. Hold regular public meetings preceded by public notice. 138

174 Adopt bylaws and standard meeting procedures to regulate the commission s affairs and ensure their actions do not appear arbitrary. Adhere to consistent standards and be systematic in enforcing local ordinances. Maintain accurate records, including minutes of all meetings and hearings, files containing significant information on all designated landmarks and historic districts, files on all applications for designations and certificates of appropriateness, and written reports documenting final decisions regarding proposed designations. Cultivate annual funding through budget appropriations. Show results and successfully complete projects to maintain a professional reputation and community acceptance and support. Develop good relationships with other local municipal bodies such as planning boards, community development offices, city councils, local zoning administrators, and building inspection departments. Be proactive rather than reactive, as it is often too late save a building once a demolition permit has been issued or actions that adversesly affect a historic property have been taken. Use a positive approach when a project is not approved, explaining why a project is unacceptable, offer constructive advice to improve projects, and indicate a willingness to work with the applicant to revise the project. Publish preservation plans and design guidelines and work to see that such plans are integrated into the city s overall planning process. Solicit public opinion when developing preservation plans. More information on all of the above can be found in the Historic Preservation Commission Training module on the Wisconsin Historical Society webstite at Certified Local Government This survey was funded by a grant through the Wisconsin Historical Society. In the future, that same grant money could be used to prepare National Register Nominations. The Commission should continue their efforts as a Certified Local Government so that it may receive future grant monies. Local Landmarking of Historic Resources It is hoped that this report will enliven the efforts of the City of Eau Claire Landmarks Commission to continue to identify and landmark historic resources in the city. National Register Nominations Listing of a property or historic district in the National Register of Historic Places offers official recognition, owner prestige, and access to state and federal historic tax credits to aid in funding of restoration, rehabilitation, and maintenance projects at listed historic properties. See the Appendix for more information on the historic tax credit programs currently available in Wisconsin or visit the Wisconsin Historical Society website at for more information on both the National Register and historic tax credit programs. This report has outlined three individual historic resources, two historic complexes, and one historic district that are potentially eligible for listing in 139

175 the National Register of Historic Places. An effort should be made to follow through with National Register nominations for these individual resources, complexes, and districts. The Landmarks Commission should continue to apply for grants through the Wisconsin Historical Society to fund such nominations. The information contained in this survey report will act as a springboard for further research for these nominations. Threats to Resources Changes in modern conveniences and increasing public expectations have brought a great deal of pressure on older homes and buildings. This has resulted in the demolition or relocation of a number of buildings, including demolition of seven buildings comprising half of the National Register-listed Confluence Commercial Historic District: the 1907 Eau Claire Gas Light Co., 1898 Derge Building, 1888 Kneer Building, 1936 Carlson Building, 1875 Becker Building, and 1925 Erity s Market as well as the individually National Register-listed 1925 Kline's Department Store. In addition, unsympathetic additions and the replacement of original windows and siding with more modern materials which obscure unique historic details has occurred on hundreds of buildings in the subject neighborhoods and thousands of buildings throughout the city. These trends are expected to continue into the future. The City of Eau Claire Landmarks Commission should keep abreast of upcoming projects at historic properties. Public Education In order to gain public support for preservation activities, it is important that the public be educated about the issues. It is also important to remind the community of the buildings that have already been lost as a means to protect historic buildings in the future. Public education efforts should be on-going. Content should highlight the goals of preservation, benefits to the community and to individual property owners, and reminders of the common-sense values inherent in historic preservation, such as recycling, cost-savings, visual attractiveness, and quality environment. It is often necessary to address misconceptions and misinformation regarding preservation. Public education initiatives can take many forms: Media, such as local television, radio, newspapers, and brochures, can spread the word to many. Having a series of articles on local historic properties run in the local newspaper can be effective. Displays in public buildings, such as the public library or historical society, can also bring awareness to the community. An example of such a display might include a local architecture and preservation resource shelf at the local library, including information about local historic designations, landmarks, and National Register of Historic Places listed properties and districts. Publish brochures and newsletters about historic properties and historic preservation in the community; tourism publications can educate visitors about the city s history. Sponsor events, such as self-guided or guided walking tours or tours of historic homes, which are often popular and can showcase the community s historic buildings to both community members and interested visitors. Work with local schools and institutions to integrate historic preservation into their curriculums. Sponsor contests, such as poster contests in which local school children create posters depicting local landmarks. 140

176 Lectures, workshops, and special award presentations on preservation issues can also be useful. Historically appropriate maintenance, window replacement, residing, painting, and porch replacement should be promoted at these types of events. A set of design guidelines for historic preservation can be developed and distributed to local architects, building owners, contractors, and others in the community. The City of Milwaukee s series of guides: As Good as New: A Guide for Rehabilitating the Exterior of Your Old Milwaukee Home; Good for Business: A Guide to Rehabilitating the Exteriors of Older Commercial Buildings; and Living with History: A Guide to the Preservation Standards for Historically Designated Homes in Milwaukee are excellent resources for any community and any preservation project. Future Survey & Research Needs This is not a complete history of the Arlington & Putnam Heights, Dells Park & Riverview, and Upper Westside neighborhoods or the City of Eau Claire. It is hoped that this survey will be periodically updated and expanded upon. This report is subject to change. Additional research and clarifications should be incorporated and added to this report in the future. This is a living document and the beginning of an ongoing historic preservation effort that will continue for years to come in this community. 141

177 This page intentionally left blank. 142

178 17 Notes 1 Bailey, Judge William F., editor. History of Eau Claire County, Wisconsin, Past and Present. Chicago: C.F. Cooper & Co., Pages Plat Books of Eau Claire County, Various Years On file at the Wisconsin Historical Society Library and Archives, Madison, Wisconsin 3 Ibid; and 2016 Property Records. City of Eau Claire WG Extreme. Web. < Accessed November 2015-June Ibid. 5 Ibid. 6 Ibid. 7 Ibid. 8 Barland, Lois. The River Flows On: A Record of Eau Claire, Wisconsin from Stevens Point, Wisconsin: Worzalla Publishing Co., 1965, pages Ibid; Plat Books of Eau Claire County, Various Years ; Building Permit Records. On file at the City of Eau Claire Building Inspection Department, Eau Claire City Hall; and Water Plant. City of Eau Claire. Web. < Accessed June 14, 2016; and 2016 Property Records. 10 Plat Books of Eau Claire County, Various Years ; Building Permit Records; and 2016 Property Records. 11 Eau Claire, Eau Claire Co., Wisconsin, and Dec New York: Sanborn Map & Publishing Company, December 1885; Eau Claire, Wisconsin, Sept New York: Sanborn Map & Publishing Company, September 1889; and Plat Books of Eau Claire County, Various Years Marvig, John. Chicago Northwestern Bridges around Eau Claire. Bridgehunter.com. Web. < Accessed June 20, Plat Books of Eau Claire County, Various Years ; Building Permit Records; and 2016 Property Records. 14 Ibid. 15 Heggland, Timothy F. Eastside Hill & Westside Intensive Survey Report. September 2010, pages Plat Books of Eau Claire County, Various Years Luther Hospital Addition Major Project On List, 10 FHA Housing Units Also Included. The Daily Telegram. 2 September Eau Claire, Wisconsin Property Records. 19 Bailey, Judge William F., editor. History of Eau Claire County, Wisconsin, Past and Present. Page Morgan, Keith N. Charles A. Platt: The Artist as Architect. New York: The Architectural History Foundation, Page 253; Plat Books of Eau Claire County, Various Years ; House for E.B. Ingram, Esq., Eau Claire, Wis.: Projects 618 and 619, house and outbuildings. Call Number NYDA Columbia University Avery Architectural & Fine Arts Library. Web Catalog. < Accessed 17 June 2016: Ingram Estate May Be Church Home for Aged. The Daily Telegram. February 18, Eau Claire, Wisconsin. 21 Plat Books of Eau Claire County, Various Years Organization and History." Immanuel Lutheran High School, College & Seminary. Web. < Accessed May 27, Escrow, Jill S. Third Ward Intensive Survey Update Final Report. June 1996, pages Plat Books of Eau Claire County, Various Years ; Building Permit Records; and 2016 Property Records. 25 Plat Books of Eau Claire County, Various Years ; Building Permit Records; and 2016 Property Records. 26 Fields, Richard A. Historic Properties Inventory of the 88th Reserve Support Command Facilities in Wisconsin. Fort McCoy Cultural Resources Management Series - Reports of Investigation No. 12,

179 27 The Federal Housing Administration (FHA). U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development. Web. < Accessed June 16, Luther Hospital Addition Major Project On List, 10 FHA Housing Units Also Included. 29 Bailey, Judge William F., editor. History of Eau Claire County, Wisconsin, Past and Present. Pages ; Eau Claire, Eau Claire Co., Wisconsin, Dec. 1885; and Taylor, Mary. Intensive Historic/Architectural Survey of the City of Eau Claire, Wisconsin. City of Eau Claire, Pages Eau Claire, Wisconsin, Sept. 1897; and Taylor, Mary. Intensive Historic/Architectural Survey of the City of Eau Claire, Wisconsin, pages Barland, Lois. The River Flows On: A Record of Eau Claire, Wisconsin from Page 247; and Taylor, Mary. Intensive Historic/Architectural Survey of the City of Eau Claire, Wisconsin, page Barland, Lois. The River Flows On: A Record of Eau Claire, Wisconsin from , pages Ibid. 34 Ibid. 35 Ibid. 36 Ibid. 37 Ibid. 38 Ibid. 39 Ibid. 40 Ibid. 41 Ibid. 42 Ibid. 43 Building Permit Records. 44 Water Plant. City of Eau Claire. Web. < Accessed June 14, Eau Claire City Directories, various years 1894 to On file at the University of Wisconsin Library and Archives, Madison, Wisconsin. 46 Ibid; Building Permit Records; 2016 Property Records. City of Eau Claire WG Extreme. Web. < Accessed November 2015-June 2016; and Barland, Lois. The River Flows On: A Record of Eau Claire, Wisconsin from , pages Eau Claire City Directories. 48 Building Permit Records; Eau Claire City Directories; and 2016 Property Records. 49 Barland, Lois. Sawdust City: A history of Eau Claire, Wisconsin from earliest times to Stevens Point, Wisconsin: Worzalla Publishing Co., Pages 76-78; Barland, Lois. Sawdust City: A history of Eau Claire, Wisconsin from earliest times to Pages 76-78; and Hieb, Jane. An Illustrated History: Eau Claire. Northridge, California: Windsor Publications, Inc., Pages Barland, Lois. Sawdust City: A history of Eau Claire, Wisconsin from earliest times to Pages 76-78; Hieb, Jane. An Illustrated History: Eau Claire. Pages 58-60; Murray, Tom. Chicago & North Western Railway. Minneapolis: Voyageur Press, Pages 32-35; and Taylor, Mary. Intensive Historic/Architectural Survey of the City of Eau Claire, Wisconsin, pages Murray, Tom. Chicago & North Western Railway, pages Marvig, John. Chicago Northwestern Bridges around Eau Claire. 53 Murray, Tom. Chicago & North Western Railway, pages Marvig, John. Chicago Northwestern Bridges around Eau Claire. 55 Ibid. 56 Ibid; and Barland, Lois. The River Flows On: A Record of Eau Claire, Wisconsin from p Marvig, John. Chicago Northwestern Bridges around Eau Claire. 58 Ibid; and Murray, Tom. Chicago & North Western Railway, pages Ibid. 60 Savage McAlister, Virginia. A Field Guide to American Houses: The Definitive Guide to Identifying and Understanding America s Domestic Architecture. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, Pages ; and Wyatt, Barbara, Ed. Cultural Resource Management in Wisconsin: Volume 2, a Manual for Historic Properties. Madison, Wisconsin: Historic Preservation Division State Historical Society of Wisconsin, Page Architecture Savage McAlister, Virginia. A Field Guide to American Houses: The Definitive Guide to Identifying and Understanding America s Domestic Architecture, pages ; and Wyatt, Barbara, Ed. Cultural Resource Management in Wisconsin: Volume 2, a Manual for Historic Properties, pages Architecture 2-17 &

180 62 Savage McAlister, Virginia. A Field Guide to American Houses: The Definitive Guide to Identifying and Understanding America s Domestic Architecture, pages Eau Claire City Directories; House for E.B. Ingram, Esq., Eau Claire, Wis.: Projects 618 and 619, house and outbuildings. and Morgan, Keith N. Charles A. Platt: The Artist as Architect. Page Ibid; Building Permit Records; and 2016 Property Records. 65 Savage McAlister, Virginia. A Field Guide to American Houses: The Definitive Guide to Identifying and Understanding America s Domestic Architecture, pages ; and Wyatt, Barbara, Ed. Cultural Resource Management in Wisconsin: Volume 2, a Manual for Historic Properties, pages Architecture 2-28 & Eau Claire City Directories. 67 Building Permit Records; Eau Claire City Directories; 2016 Property Records; and Barland, Lois. The River Flows On: A Record of Eau Claire, Wisconsin from , pages Savage McAlister, Virginia. A Field Guide to American Houses: The Definitive Guide to Identifying and Understanding America s Domestic Architecture, pages Wyatt, Barbara, Ed. Cultural Resource Management in Wisconsin: Volume 2, a Manual for Historic Properties, page Architecture Eau Claire City Directories. 71 Building Permit Records; Eau Claire City Directories; and 2016 Property Records. 72 Blumenson, John J. G. Identifying American Architecture: A Pictorial Guide to Styles and Terms, Second Ed. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, Page 71; Savage McAlister, Virginia. A Field Guide to American Houses: The Definitive Guide to Identifying and Understanding America s Domestic Architecture, page 578; and Wyatt, Barbara, Ed. Cultural Resource Management in Wisconsin: Volume 2, a Manual for Historic Properties, page Architecture Eau Claire City Directories. 74 Building Permit Records; Eau Claire City Directories; and 2016 Property Records. 75 Blumenson, John J. G. Identifying American Architecture: A Pictorial Guide to Styles and Terms, , page 79; Savage McAlister, Virginia. A Field Guide to American Houses: The Definitive Guide to Identifying and Understanding America s Domestic Architecture, pages ; and Wyatt, Barbara, Ed. Cultural Resource Management in Wisconsin: Volume 2, a Manual for Historic Properties, page Architecture Eau Claire City Directories. 77 Building Permit Records; Eau Claire City Directories; 2016 Property Records; History of St. James." St. James the Greater Catholic Church. Web. < Accessed June 15, 2016; and Borland, Lois. The River Flows On: A Record of Eau Claire, Wisconsin from , pages Savage McAlister, Virginia. A Field Guide to American Houses: The Definitive Guide to Identifying and Understanding America s Domestic Architecture, pages Savage McAlister, Virginia. A Field Guide to American Houses: The Definitive Guide to Identifying and Understanding America s Domestic Architecture, pages Savage McAlister, Virginia. A Field Guide to American Houses: The Definitive Guide to Identifying and Understanding America s Domestic Architecture, pages Eau Claire City Directories. 82 Building Permit Records; Eau Claire City Directories; and 2016 Property Records. 83 Savage McAlister, Virginia. A Field Guide to American Houses: The Definitive Guide to Identifying and Understanding America s Domestic Architecture, pages Savage McAlister, Virginia. A Field Guide to American Houses: The Definitive Guide to Identifying and Understanding America s Domestic Architecture, pages Eau Claire City Directories. 86 Building Permit Records; Eau Claire City Directories; and 2016 Property Records. 87 Savage McAlister, Virginia. A Field Guide to American Houses: The Definitive Guide to Identifying and Understanding America s Domestic Architecture, pages Eau Claire City Directories. 89 Building Permit Records; Eau Claire City Directories; and 2016 Property Records. 90 Savage McAlister, Virginia. A Field Guide to American Houses: The Definitive Guide to Identifying and Understanding America s Domestic Architecture, pages Savage McAlister, Virginia. A Field Guide to American Houses: The Definitive Guide to Identifying and Understanding America s Domestic Architecture, pages &

181 92 Savage McAlister, Virginia. A Field Guide to American Houses: The Definitive Guide to Identifying and Understanding America s Domestic Architecture, pages Eau Claire City Directories. 94 Building Permit Records; Eau Claire City Directories; and 2016 Property Records. 95 Savage McAlister, Virginia. A Field Guide to American Houses: The Definitive Guide to Identifying and Understanding America s Domestic Architecture, pages Eau Claire City Directories. 97 Building Permit Records; Eau Claire City Directories; and 2016 Property Records. 98 Savage McAlister, Virginia. A Field Guide to American Houses: The Definitive Guide to Identifying and Understanding America s Domestic Architecture, pages Eau Claire City Directories. 100 Building Permit Records; Eau Claire City Directories; and 2016 Property Records. 101 Savage McAlister, Virginia. A Field Guide to American Houses: The Definitive Guide to Identifying and Understanding America s Domestic Architecture, pages Eau Claire City Directories. 103 Building Permit Records; Eau Claire City Directories; and 2016 Property Records. 104 Savage McAlister, Virginia. A Field Guide to American Houses: The Definitive Guide to Identifying and Understanding America s Domestic Architecture, pages & Eau Claire City Directories. 106 Building Permit Records; Eau Claire City Directories; and 2016 Property Records. 107 Savage McAlister, Virginia. A Field Guide to American Houses: The Definitive Guide to Identifying and Understanding America s Domestic Architecture. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2013, pages & Eau Claire City Directories. 109 Building Permit Records; Eau Claire City Directories; and 2016 Property Records. 110 Savage McAlister, Virginia. A Field Guide to American Houses: The Definitive Guide to Identifying and Understanding America s Domestic Architecture, pages & Eau Claire City Directories. 112 Building Permit Records; Eau Claire City Directories; and 2016 Property Records. 113 Savage McAlister, Virginia. A Field Guide to American Houses: The Definitive Guide to Identifying and Understanding America s Domestic Architecture, pages ; and Wyatt, Barbara, Ed. Cultural Resource Management in Wisconsin: Volume 2, a Manual for Historic Properties, page Architecture Savage McAlister, Virginia. A Field Guide to American Houses: The Definitive Guide to Identifying and Understanding America s Domestic Architecture, pages ; and Wyatt, Barbara, Ed. Cultural Resource Management in Wisconsin: Volume 2, a Manual for Historic Properties, page Architecture Blumenson, John J. G. Identifying American Architecture: A Pictorial Guide to Styles and Terms, , page 75; Savage McAlister, Virginia. A Field Guide to American Houses: The Definitive Guide to Identifying and Understanding America s Domestic Architecture, pages ; and Wyatt, Barbara, Ed. Cultural Resource Management in Wisconsin: Volume 2, a Manual for Historic Properties, page Architecture Eau Claire City Directories. 117 Building Permit Records; Eau Claire City Directories; and 2016 Property Records. 118 Savage McAlister, Virginia. A Field Guide to American Houses: The Definitive Guide to Identifying and Understanding America s Domestic Architecture, pages Eau Claire City Directories. 120 Building Permit Records; Eau Claire City Directories; and 2016 Property Records. 121 Savage McAlister, Virginia. A Field Guide to American Houses: The Definitive Guide to Identifying and Understanding America s Domestic Architecture, pages Eau Claire City Directories. 123 Building Permit Records; Eau Claire City Directories; and 2016 Property Records. 124 Eau Claire City Directories. 125 Building Permit Records; Eau Claire City Directories; 2016 Property Records; and History of St. James." 126 Savage McAlister, Virginia. A Field Guide to American Houses: The Definitive Guide to Identifying and Understanding America s Domestic Architecture, pages 664 and Eau Claire City Directories. 128 Building Permit Records; Eau Claire City Directories; and 2016 Property Records. 146

182 129 Savage McAlister, Virginia. A Field Guide to American Houses: The Definitive Guide to Identifying and Understanding America s Domestic Architecture, pages Eau Claire City Directories. 131 Building Permit Records; Eau Claire City Directories; and 2016 Property Records. 132 Savage McAlister, Virginia. A Field Guide to American Houses: The Definitive Guide to Identifying and Understanding America s Domestic Architecture, pages Eau Claire City Directories. 134 Building Permit Records; Eau Claire City Directories; and 2016 Property Records. 135 Savage McAlister, Virginia. A Field Guide to American Houses: The Definitive Guide to Identifying and Understanding America s Domestic Architecture, pages Eau Claire City Directories. 137 Building Permit Records; Eau Claire City Directories; and 2016 Property Records. 138 Savage McAlister, Virginia. A Field Guide to American Houses: The Definitive Guide to Identifying and Understanding America s Domestic Architecture, pages Savage McAlister, Virginia. A Field Guide to American Houses: The Definitive Guide to Identifying and Understanding America s Domestic Architecture, pages Eau Claire City Directories. 141 Building Permit Records; Eau Claire City Directories; and 2016 Property Records. 142 Wyatt, Barbara, Ed. Cultural Resource Management in Wisconsin: Volume 2, a Manual for Historic Properties, page Architecture Eau Claire City Directories. 144 Building Permit Records; Eau Claire City Directories; and 2016 Property Records. 145 Wyatt, Barbara, Ed. Cultural Resource Management in Wisconsin: Volume 2, a Manual for Historic Properties, page Architecture Wyatt, Barbara, Ed. Cultural Resource Management in Wisconsin: Volume 2, a Manual for Historic Properties, page Architecture Eau Claire City Directories. 148 Building Permit Records; Eau Claire City Directories; and 2016 Property Records. 149 Wyatt, Barbara, Ed. Cultural Resource Management in Wisconsin: Volume 2, a Manual for Historic Properties, page Architecture Eau Claire City Directories. 151 Building Permit Records; Eau Claire City Directories; and 2016 Property Records. 152 Eau Claire City Directories. 153 Building Permit Records; Eau Claire City Directories; and 2016 Property Records. 154 Eau Claire City Directories. 155 Building Permit Records; Eau Claire City Directories; and 2016 Property Records. 156 Eau Claire City Directories; Marvig, John. Chicago Northwestern Bridges around Eau Claire. ; and Murray, Tom. Chicago & North Western Railway, pages Building Permit Records; Eau Claire City Directories; 2016 Property Records; Marvig, John. Chicago Northwestern Bridges around Eau Claire. ; and Barland, Lois. The River Flows On: A Record of Eau Claire, Wisconsin from , pages Eau Claire City Directories. 159 Building Permit Records; Eau Claire City Directories; 2016 Property Records; and History of St. James. 160 Eau Claire City Directories. 161 Building Permit Records; Eau Claire City Directories; and 2016 Property Records. 162 Eau Claire City Directories. 163 Building Permit Records; Eau Claire City Directories; and 2016 Property Records. 164 Wasson, Andrew. Who Designed the Roof? Dairy River. Web. < Paged=172> Accessed 13 June Eau Claire City Directories. 166 Building Permit Records; Eau Claire City Directories; and 2016 Property Records. 167 Highlights of Congregational History Commemorating the Fiftieth Anniversary. Eau Claire, Wisconsin: The Lutheran Church of the Good Shepherd, Ibid. 169 Ibid. 147

183 170 Ibid. 171 Charles A. Platt ( ). Columbia University Libraries Avery Architectural & Fine Arts Library. Web. < Accessed June 17, Ibid. 173 Ibid. 174 Ibid. 175 Ibid. 176 Morgan, Keith N. Charles A. Platt: The Artist as Architect, page 253; and House for E.B. Ingram, Esq., Eau Claire, Wis.: Projects 618 and 619, house and outbuildings. 177 Ibid. 178 Highlights of Congregational History Commemorating the Fiftieth Anniversary. Eau Claire, Wisconsin: The Lutheran Church of the Good Shepherd, Page 1 and Ibid. 180 Ibid. 181 Eau Claire City Directories. 182 Building Permit Records; Eau Claire City Directories; and 2016 Property Records. 183 Eau Claire City Directories. 184 Building Permit Records; Eau Claire City Directories; and 2016 Property Records. 185 Eau Claire City Directories. 186 Building Permit Records; Eau Claire City Directories; and 2016 Property Records. 187 Eau Claire City Directories. 188 Building Permit Records; Eau Claire City Directories; and 2016 Property Records. 189 Eau Claire City Directories. 190 Building Permit Records; Eau Claire City Directories; and 2016 Property Records. 191 Taylor, Mary. Intensive Historic/Architectural Survey of the City of Eau Claire, Wisconsin, page Eau Claire City Directories. 193 Building Permit Records; Eau Claire City Directories; and 2016 Property Records. 194 Eau Claire City Directories. 195 Building Permit Records; Eau Claire City Directories; and 2016 Property Records. 196 Eau Claire City Directories. 197 Building Permit Records; Eau Claire City Directories; and 2016 Property Records. 198 Eau Claire City Directories. 199 Building Permit Records; Eau Claire City Directories; and 2016 Property Records. 200 Eau Claire City Directories. 201 Building Permit Records; Eau Claire City Directories; and 2016 Property Records. 202 Eau Claire City Directories. 203 Building Permit Records; Eau Claire City Directories; and 2016 Property Records. 204 Eau Claire City Directories. 205 Building Permit Records; Eau Claire City Directories; and 2016 Property Records. 206 Highlights of Congregational History Commemorating the Fiftieth Anniversary, page Highlights of Congregational History Commemorating the Fiftieth Anniversary. 208 Ibid. 209 Eau Claire City Directories. 210 Building Permit Records; Eau Claire City Directories; and 2016 Property Records. 211 Eau Claire City Directories; and Highlights of Congregational History Commemorating the Fiftieth Anniversary. 212 Building Permit Records; Eau Claire City Directories; 2016 Property Records; and Highlights of Congregational History Commemorating the Fiftieth Anniversary. 213 Building Permit Records; Eau Claire City Directories; and 2016 Property Records. 214 History of St. James." 215 Building Permit Records; Eau Claire City Directories; and 2016 Property Records. 216 "Our School System. Regis Catholic Schools. Web. < Accessed June 2, Hieb, Jane. An Illustrated History: Eau Claire, page Health Education Center." Chippewa Valley Technical College. Web. < Accessed June 15,

184 219 Organization and History." Immanuel Lutheran High School, College & Seminary. 220 Ibid; Ingram Estate May Be Church Home For Aged. The Daily Telegram. 18 February Eau Claire, Wisconsin; and Morgan, Keith N. Charles A. Platt: The Artist as Architect, page Eau Claire City Directories; Morgan, Keith N. Charles A. Platt: The Artist as Architect, page 253; and House for E.B. Ingram, Esq., Eau Claire, Wis.: Projects 618 and 619, house and outbuildings. 222 Ibid; Building Permit Records; 2016 Property Records; and History of St. James. 223 Saint Bede Monastery in Eau Claire to Merge with Saint Benedict's Monastery. Sisters of the Order of Saint Benedict. Web. 30 March < Accessed 2 June Ibid; and Our School System. 225 Building Permit Records; Eau Claire City Directories; and 2016 Property Records. 226 Saint Bede Monastery in Eau Claire to Merge with Saint Benedict's Monastery. and History 1960s. HGA Architects and Engineers. Web. < Accessed 2 June Saint Bede Monastery in Eau Claire to Merge with Saint Benedict's Monastery. 228 History of St. James. 229 Ibid. 230 Ibid. 231 Eau Claire City Directories. 232 Ibid. 233 Ibid. 234 Highlights of Congregational History Commemorating the Fiftieth Anniversary, page Highlights of Congregational History Commemorating the Fiftieth Anniversary, pages Ibid; Building Permit Records; and 2016 Property Records. 237 Highlights of Congregational History Commemorating the Fiftieth Anniversary, pages 3 & Highlights of Congregational History Commemorating the Fiftieth Anniversary, page Highlights of Congregational History Commemorating the Fiftieth Anniversary, pages Highlights of Congregational History Commemorating the Fiftieth Anniversary, pages 1 & Highlights of Congregational History Commemorating the Fiftieth Anniversary, page Ibid. 243 Ibid. 244 Highlights of Congregational History Commemorating the Fiftieth Anniversary, pages 12, 14 & Highlights of Congregational History Commemorating the Fiftieth Anniversary, page Highlights of Congregational History Commemorating the Fiftieth Anniversary, pages Highlights of Congregational History Commemorating the Fiftieth Anniversary, page Highlights of Congregational History Commemorating the Fiftieth Anniversary, pages Highlights of Congregational History Commemorating the Fiftieth Anniversary, pages History of Peace Church." Peace Lutheran Church. Web. < Accessed June 15, History of Peace Church." 252 Highlights of Congregational History Commemorating the Fiftieth Anniversary, page Ibid. 254 Building Permit Records. 255 Building Permit Records; and Eau Claire City Directories. 256 Eau Claire City Directories. 257 Ibid. 258 Building Permit Records; Eau Claire City Directories; 2016 Property Records; History of St. James. ; and Highlights of Congregational History Commemorating the Fiftieth Anniversary. 259 Building Permit Records; Eau Claire City Directories; and 2016 Property Records. 260 Ibid. 261 Ibid. 262 Wasson, Andrew. Who Designed the Roof? 263 Ibid. 264 Building Permit Records. 265 Building Permit Records; Eau Claire City Directories; and 2016 Property Records. 266 Ibid. 267 Ibid. 149

185 268 Ibid. 269 Ibid. 270 Bailey, Judge William F., editor. History of Eau Claire County, Wisconsin, Past and Present, pages ; Eau Claire, Eau Claire Co., Wisconsin, Dec. 1885; and Taylor, Mary. Intensive Historic/Architectural Survey of the City of Eau Claire, Wisconsin, pages Wisconsin Historical Society, Wisconsin Architecture and History Inventory, Eau Claire Pulp & Paper Mill; Dell Paper & Pulp Co., Eau Claire, Eau Claire County, Wisconsin, Reference Number 41233, and Eau Claire, Wisconsin, Sept Insurance Maps of Eau Claire, Wisconsin, New York: Sanborn-Perris Map Company, Eau Claire City Directories. 274 Building Permit Records; Eau Claire City Directories; and 2016 Property Records. 275 The Federal Housing Administration (FHA). U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development. 276 Luther Hospital Addition Major Project On List, 10 FHA Housing Units Also Included. 277 Slow Progress, Due to Scarcity of Bricklayers. Eau Claire Sunday Leader. October 15, Eau Claire, Wisconsin. 278 Ibid. 279 Eau Claire City Directories, various years 1894 to On file at the University of Wisconsin Library and Archives, Madison, Wisconsin. 280 Ibid; Building Permit Records; 2016 Property Records. City of Eau Claire WG Extreme. Web. < Accessed November 2015-June 2016; and Barland, Lois. The River Flows On: A Record of Eau Claire, Wisconsin from , pages Ibid. 282 Eau Claire City Directories. 283 Building Permit Records; Eau Claire City Directories; and 2016 Property Records. 284 Highlights of Congregational History Commemorating the Fiftieth Anniversary, pages 1-6; and 2016 Property Records. 285 Highlights of Congregational History Commemorating the Fiftieth Anniversary, pages Highlights of Congregational History Commemorating the Fiftieth Anniversary, pages Highlights of Congregational History Commemorating the Fiftieth Anniversary, page Erskine Ingram, Son of Pioneer Lumberman, Dies. The Daily Telegram. January 18, Eau Claire, Wisconsin. 289 Ibid. 290 Morgan, Keith N. Charles A. Platt: The Artist as Architect, page 253; and House for E.B. Ingram, Esq., Eau Claire, Wis.: Projects 618 and 619, house and outbuildings. Call Number NYDA Columbia University Avery Architectural & Fine Arts Library. Web Catalog. < Accessed 17 June Ingram Estate May Be Church Home for Aged. and Morgan, Keith N. Charles A. Platt: The Artist as Architect, page Organization and History. Immanuel Lutheran High School, College & Seminary. Web. < Accessed 27 May Highlights of Congregational History Commemorating the Fiftieth Anniversary; Morgan, Keith N. Charles A. Platt: The Artist as Architect, page 253; and House for E.B. Ingram, Esq., Eau Claire, Wis.: Projects 618 and 619, house and outbuildings. 294 Ibid. 295 Barland, Lois. The River Flows On: A Record of Eau Claire, Wisconsin from , pages Ibid; and Building Permit Records. 297 History of St. James. 298 Ibid. 299 Eau Claire City Directories. 300 Building Permit Records; Eau Claire City Directories; and 2016 Property Records. 301 Eau Claire City Directories; Highlights of Congregational History Commemorating the Fiftieth Anniversary; Marvig, John. Chicago Northwestern Bridges around Eau Claire. ; and Murray, Tom. Chicago & North Western Railway, pages Building Permit Records; Eau Claire City Directories; 2016 Property Records; Highlights of Congregational History Commemorating the Fiftieth Anniversary; Marvig, John. Chicago Northwestern Bridges around Eau Claire. 150

186 303 Eau Claire City Directories; History of St. James. ; Morgan, Keith N. Charles A. Platt: The Artist as Architect, page 253; and House for E.B. Ingram, Esq., Eau Claire, Wis.: Projects 618 and 619, house and outbuildings. 304 Ibid; Building Permit Records; and 2016 Property Records. 305 Eau Claire City Directories; Morgan, Keith N. Charles A. Platt: The Artist as Architect, page 253; and House for E.B. Ingram, Esq., Eau Claire, Wis.: Projects 618 and 619, house and outbuildings. 306 Ibid; Building Permit Records; and 2016 Property Records. 307 Eau Claire City Directories. 308 Building Permit Records; Eau Claire City Directories; and 2016 Property Records. 309 Eau Claire City Directories. 310 Building Permit Records; Eau Claire City Directories; 2016 Property Records; and Barland, Lois. The River Flows On: A Record of Eau Claire, Wisconsin from , pages Eau Claire City Directories. 312 Building Permit Records; Eau Claire City Directories; and 2016 Property Records. 313 Eau Claire City Directories. 314 Building Permit Records; Eau Claire City Directories; and 2016 Property Records. 315 Eau Claire City Directories. 316 Building Permit Records; Eau Claire City Directories; and 2016 Property Records. 151

187 This page intentionally left blank. 152

188 18 Appendix 153

189 This page intentionally left blank. 154

190 WHAT IS THE HISTORIC HOMEOWNERS TAX CREDIT PROGRAM? Homeowners who invest in the preservation of their houses may be eligible for Wisconsin income tax credits of 25% of approved costs. ANNUAL STATE-WIDE AVERAGE $6.4M $1.28M IN TOTAL PROJECT COSTS RETURNED TO HOMEOWNERS IN TAX CREDITS Contact the preservation architect for your community. SAVE MONEY THROUGH TAX CREDITS TO PRESERVE WESTERN DISTRICT EASTERN DISTRICT JEN DAVEL MARK BUECHEL YOUR HOME wisconsinhistory.org/taxcredits

191 HOW DO I APPLY? Make sure your house is historic by visiting the Property Record Search at wisconsinhistory.org Mail the application to WHS before you start work Applications can be found at wisconsinhistory.org\taxcredits After you receive approval from WHS start your work Notify WHS when the work is complete Have a question about how to care for a historic house? Visit our website at wisconsinhistory.org/preserve-your-building to browse over 100 articles. WHY SHOULD I PRESERVE MY HOUSE? Historic Preservation is intrinsically important for its ability to enhance community pride and to create a sense of rootedness and belonging. Through a connection with history, preservation can improve the quality of life and livability of communities. It also stimulates reinvestment and contributes to our economy, creating jobs in construction, architecture, interior design, engineering, real estate, accounting, tourism and more. WHAT WORK QUALIFIES FOR TAX CREDITS? WHAT TYPE OF WORK IS ELIGIBLE? Exterior Painting Porch Repairs Roof Replacement Replace HVAC Exterior Brick Replace Electrical & Stone Repairs Replace Plumbing Window & Structural Door Repairs Elements Additional information can be found online at wisconsinhistory.org/taxcredits

192 Contractor Standards for Typical Tax Credit Projects HISTORIC HOMEOWNERS INCOME TAX CREDIT PROGRAM All work, including work that may not qualify for tax credits, must meet the Secretary of the Interior's Standards for Rehabilitation (or, simply, the Standards). The following describes common tax credit projects with recommendations on appropriate ways in which to carry out the work. Please refer to the Application Instructions for additional information on project eligibility. REPAIR OF ORIGINAL FEATURES The Standards state: Deteriorated historic features shall be repaired rather than replaced. Where the severity of deterioration requires replacement of a distinctive feature, the new feature shall match the old in design, color, texture and other visual qualities and, where possible, materials. Replacement of missing features shall be substantiated by documentary, physical or pictorial evidence. Sound, original materials are part of the history of the house and should be left in-place while the deteriorated sections are repaired or replicated. EXTERIOR A primary facade is one that is visible from public rights-of-way and, in most cases, has significant architectural detailing. A secondary facade is one that is generally visible from public rights-of-way, but may not contain as many distinguishing architectural features. A rear facade is one that is usually not seen by the public and contains little architectural detailing. As a rule, primary facades should be left intact, while rear facades may sometimes be altered more substantially. REPLACEMENT SIDING Removal of the original siding and replacing the material with new siding on a historic house is not appropriate. Examples of replacement include aluminum, vinyl, cement board and steel siding, and may also include synthetic stucco (EIFS). Repair and partial replacement of damaged siding is the proper treatment. EXTERIOR PAINTING Painting the building s exterior is appropriate when the building was historically painted. Painting unpainted brick or masonry does not meet the Standards. Usually the proposed color or colors is not a factor in determining the appropriatness as paint is looked upon as temporary. Several paint removal methods are usually acceptable, including wet or dry scraping, chemical paint removal, and use of a high pressure water spray, if the water pressure is carefully controlled so that it does not damage the wood. Sandblasting and similar abrasive blasting techniques, wet or dry, are not acceptable. Please note that, because premature paint failure is usually the result of poor preparation or use of improper paint, we suggest that you hire experienced contractors or consult with a paint dealer or specialist before undertaking the job.

193 ROOF REPLACEMENT If a roof was originally wood shingled (typical if constructed prior to 1920), the shingles may be replaced with wood shingles, standard 3-tab shingles or architectural shingles in a shade of gray or brown that resembles weathered wood. Architectural shingles with heavy, fake shadow lines or un-even bottom edges are not appropriate. Wood shakes are usually not appropriate due to their thick, irregular appearance. Above, left is a good example of an architectural shingle. Above middle and right are examples of shingles that would not be approved. Slate or tile roofs should be repaired, if possible rather than replaced. If the slate or tile roofs are deteriorated beyond repair, ideally these roofs be replaced inkind; however, because of the economic feasibility, architectural shingles may be an appropriate substitute. In finding a suitable match, it is important to find shingles that convey the original shape, dimensions and color. If you propose to use substitute materials, you should discuss your plans with Society staff before placing any order. Using shingle-over ridge vents is an appropriate way to vent the roof as long as the ridge vent continues all the way to the roof edge. Soffit vents are another appropriate means of venting the roof. Mushroom vents can be used if installed to portions of the roof not visible from public rights-of-way. These vents should be painted to match the roof color. EXTERIOR MASONRY CLEANING Removal of dirt or paint from exterior brick or stone is appropriate as long as it does not harm the building materials. (Because every method of exterior cleaning carries with it some risk of damage to masonry materials, you should consider carefully whether to clean the building at all.) In most cases, removal of dirt or paint is unnecessary in order to preserve a building; in fact, the dirt may serve as a protective layer that shields the surfaces of a building from the elements. The Standards specifically prohibit sandblasting in any form (except to clean cast iron, as discussed below). Other forms of blasting are equally damaging and therefore also prohibited such as soda blasting, corn cob blasting and nut shell blasting. Equally damaging is high-pressure water blasting. Water pressures above 1000 psi can be damaging to most building materials. Water pressure can be used safely at 1,000 psi with the spray wand a minimum of 12 away from the surface. Building materials vary widely in composition. Chemicals that may be applied safely to one building can result in severe damage to another. It is a requirement that a cleaning test patch be applied to an inconspicuous part of the building prior to cleaning the entire building. The owner should inspect the test patch for possible damage to the building materials, including mortar joints in masonry walls. The test area should be used as a standard by which the rest of the cleaning is evaluated. In cleaning metal elements, you should determine whether the metals are ferric or non-ferric. If exterior metal elements are ferric (iron-based) it should be determined whether those elements are cast iron or coated metal. Generally, cast iron is used in storefront columns and trim; otherwise, metal trim is likely to be terne or zinc coated steel. Cast iron may be sandblasted to remove dirt or paint but coated steel should be hand-scraped. Sandblasting coated steel will remove the protective coating and will ultimately lead to severe rusting. We recommend strongly that non-ferric metals not be cleaned.

194 TUCKPOINTING Tuckpointing (also referred to as "repointing") refers to the replacement of deteriorated mortar in brick and stone walls. Only deteriorated mortar joints should be repointed. If done properly, the repointed joints will closely match the existing joints. To remove deteriorated mortar properly, hand chiseling is the method least likely to cause damage to the brick or stone. Removing mortar with saws, grinders, or power chisels must be done carefully and by an experienced mason. It is important when using mechanical removal methods that the bricks or stones not be cut into or corners chipped away. The composition of the new mortar must match the existing mortar. New mortar should contain enough hydrated lime to make it softer than the bricks. Unless examination reveals that the original mortar is unusually hard, the building should be repointed using mortar that is no harder than ASTM, Type N, which consists of 1 part Portland cement, 1 part hydrated lime and 6 parts sand. ASTM, Type O, is a slightly softer mortar consisting of 1 part Portland cement, 2 parts hydrated lime and 9 parts sand. The appearance of the new joints should match those of the rest of the building. Mismatched mortar joints can result in the building taking on a "patchwork quilt" appearance. (Above is an example of unacceptable tuckpointing.) The primary concerns are the color of the replacement mortar and the tooling. With respect to color, white Portland cement can be used along with appropriate coloring agents. (Using standard, gray Portland cement usually results in joints that do not match the original color.) In addition, if the tooling of the new mortar joints does not match the original, they may appear to be wider than the rest. not been damaged and the mortar matches the appearance of the existing; the remainder of the house can be repointed. The repointing contract should specify that all of the repointed joints will match the appearance of the approved test patch. STORM WINDOWS Exterior storm windows can be made of wood or metal. Aluminum combination windows are acceptable as long as 1) the line dividing the upper and lower panes of movable sash lines up with the meeting rails of the original windows 2) the frames are painted or factory finished and 3) the storm window has a flush mount. Flush mount storms have an expander that goes around the window, bringing the outside surface of the storm window flush with the prime window casing. Storm window glass should be clear with a Visual Light Transmittance of 72 or higher. SKYLIGHTS The addition of a skylight is viewed as a new addition to the historic house. For this reason, skylights should be installed on parts of a roof not visible from the public right-of-way. Skylights should always be kept to a minimum and should be flat, rather than domed. Their curbs should also be low. CLOSING WINDOW OPENINGS Original window patterns should not be changed on primary facades. On secondary facades, minor changes may be made, but these must be in keeping with the overall window patterns of those sides of the building. On rear facades with limited public visibility, more significant changes can usually be made; however, they must be in character with the rest of the building. On masonry buildings, when original windows are closed-in, the infill material should match those of the wall and should be inset from the face of the wall at least two inches. Nonoriginal windows can usually be closed flush to the wall surfaces with matching materials. We recommend that the mason complete a test patch (a sample area of repointed joints). Once the test patch is inspected to determine that the masonry has

195 WINDOW REPLACEMENT The Standards state that historic features (such as windows) must be repaired when possible. Where the feature is deteriorated beyond repair it must be replaced to match the original in design and material. You must obtain pre-approval before proceeding with window replacement. If windows require replacement, the replacements must duplicate the appearance of the original windows, including the muntins (dividing bars), the proportions of the original windows, the thickness of the sash elements, the window material and finishes. Accurately recreating the muntins (window dividers) is an important detail with replacement windows. Muntins that are sandwiched between the glass; placed on just one side or the other or that don t match the historic profile are unacceptable. Replacement windows that incorporate true muntins (that actually divide the panes of glass) are acceptable if the appearances of the new muntins substantially replicate those of the original windows. The new muntins must accurately replicate the originals and must be permanent parts of the windows. The use of tinted and reflective glass is not allowed. Low-E glass is allowable as long as the Visual Light Transmittance or VLT is 72 or higher. It is acceptable to have wood replacement windows with metal clad at the exterior as long as the metal conforms in shape to the existing window moldings. The metal clad cannont have an anodized finish but rather a powder coated paint or a baked on finish. NEW ADDITIONS New additions should be designed and constructed so that the character-defining features of the historic building are not changed, obscured, damaged, or destroyed. The appropriateness of a new addition to a historic building is determined largely by its size and location. An addition should be constructed on the least visible side, such that the historic building remains the most prominent element from the public right-of-way. New design should always be clearly differentiated so that the addition does not appear to be part of the historic building. New additions should be sympathetic to the historic house but not mimic the original design. The addition may incorporate existing materials and detailing for example, but the new design should also stand as a contemporary design. The physical connection between the historic building and the addition should be made as small and least physically disruptive as possible. This creates a visual break between the historic building and the addition. The original massing of the historic house should be retained; meaning any addition should be offset at the corner. Both the link and offsetting the addition makes the process reversible. If, at some point, a future owner wanted to remove the addition, it would allow them to do so with minimal damage to the historic building. BUILDING DEMOLITION Buildings attached, or adjacent to a historic building may be demolished if they do not contribute to the significance of the historic building or its context. On the other hand if a building or addition is not original to a property doesn t mean that it can be removed; it may still be historically significant. You must contact Society staff for a determination of significance of any feature proposed for removal.

196 INTERIOR FEATURES & FINISHES should generally be the same type and proportion as the original trim, but should not duplicate it exactly, unless the original trim is relatively plain. Most types of wall treatments are acceptable. In primary spaces it is not appropriate to cover original painted decoration (such as stenciling), remove plaster or decorative features (such as cornices or wainscoting), install wood paneling, or apply texture wall paints on original plaster. Avoid removing or permanently damaging decorative flooring or hardwood floors in good condition. Suspended ceilings are unacceptable. Significant interior features should be respected and preserved. This is especially true in primary spaces. Those spaces are important to the character of a building and should always be preserved. Generally, walls should not be inserted in, or removed from, primary spaces. Secondary spaces may usually be altered. In single family houses, primary spaces usually include living rooms, dining rooms, foyers, main stairways, corridors, and parlors. Secondary spaces may include bathrooms, bedrooms, kitchens, rear stairways, basements, and other spaces normally used only by family members. The Standards do not allow total gutting of a building unless the interior has been completely altered in the past and possesses no significant features or spaces. Whether interior trim or features can be removed depends on the significance of those features. The Standards consider both highly-decorated features (such as grand staircases) and characteristic features (such as original window trim) to be significant and these should remain intact. If original features have to be replaced during construction, they should be re-installed (or, if this is impossible, reproduced) in their original locations. Avoid moving original decorative elements to new locations. Creating a new, "historic" interior -- that is, an interior that looks to be original, but is actually a collection of building artifacts applied in nonoriginal locations over new construction is not appropriate. Likewise, interior trim for new walls STRUCTURAL If features of the structural system were historically visible, such as loadbearing brick walls, cast iron columns, roof trusses, posts and beams, or stone foundation walls, they may be important in defining the building s overall historic character. Any repairs, sistering or partial replacements must be planned carefully on these exposed structural members so that there is no adverse effect. Unexposed structural features that are not character-defining may be altered. INSULATION Blowing insulation into cavity walls is discouraged because it can lead to moisture damage (in the absence of a vapor barrier). Insulation applied to the inside surfaces of exterior walls is not appropriate as any significant interior trim, plaster and finish would be lost. Application of insulation over exterior wall surfaces does not meet the Standards except in cases such as installation below ground. Installing insulation on flat roofs is acceptable if it does not substantially change the dimensions of the cornice. Typically, rigid roof-top insulation is tapered at the cornice to avoid any changes in dimensions. Roof-top insulation on sloped roofs is also acceptable as long as it does not increase the dimensions of the cornice, particularly at the roof gable ends.

197 MECHANICAL, ELECTRICAL & PLUMBING The visible features of historic heating, lighting, air conditioning and plumbing systems may sometimes help define the overall historic character of the building and should be retained and repaired whenever possible. The systems themselves (the compressors, boilers, generators and their ductwork, wiring and pipes) will generally either need to be upgraded, augmented, or entirely replaced in order to accommodate the new use and to meet code requirements. In most cases furnace or boiler replacement will have no adverse effect on the historic integrity. However, if for example, the house is switching from radiant heat to a forced air system duct work will be needed. When this is the case care must be taken to integrate the ductwork within existing walls or chases without disrupting primary spaces and historic detailing and finishes. Any new exterior equipment (such as a condenser or vent piping) must not be visible from the public right-of-way. Locating these new additions at the rear of the house is preferred. If a side elevation is required, the equipment or venting must be screened with landscaping or another element. The Standards do not allow sleeve holes to be cut into walls for unit air conditioners. Similarly, windows on visible facades may not be blocked in to receive air conditioner sleeves. If the mechanical, plumbing or electrical work involves removal of finish materials, such as plaster, drywall, or wood trim, this material should be repaired and reinstalled after the work is completed. SITE WORK The relationship between a historic building or buildings and landscape features within a property s boundaries or the building site helps to define the historic character and should be considered when planning for rehabilitation project work. Drastically changing the ground level near your house (except smaller changes to promote better drainage) is inappropriate. Regrading away from the house is usually allowed unless it: 1) changes the historic character of the site; or 2) creates chronic water drainage problems that may affect other buildings. Removal of plantings is not a problem unless the historic character of the site will be affected. (e.g., clear-cutting a historically wooded site.) New parking areas are usually acceptable if they are located at the rear of the site and out of public view. In most cases, parking areas should not abut historic buildings, for reasons of historical integrity and to prevent potential water drainage problems. Where driveways exist and are important site features, they should be maintained in their original locations. Sidewalks and walkways in visible locations, such as the front of a house, should maintain traditional shapes and paving materials. For example, a curving, brick-paved front walkway would likely not be appropriate for a Prairie-style house. A greater variety of non-traditional paving materials and designs can usually be used at the rear of a property. FOR FURTHER INFORMATION... For additional information regarding the appropriate treatments for historic materials, the National Park Service has published a series called Preservation Briefs. Each of these briefs is available at the following website: You can also obtain free, printed copies by contacting Mark Buechel or Jen Davel (see district map), or by writing to the address below: Division of Historic Preservation Wisconsin Historical Society 816 State Street Madison, WI 53706

198 WHAT IS THE HISTORIC PRESERVATION TAX CREDIT PROGRAM? Commercial property owners who invest in the preservation of their buildings may be eligible for state and federal tax credits. Approved costs of 20% for state tax credits and another 20% for federal tax credits may be available for up to a total of 40% eligible tax credits. ANNUAL STATE-WIDE AVERAGE $283.7M $56.7M $56.7M IN TOTAL PROJECT COSTS IN STATE TAX CREDITS IN FEDERAL TAX CREDIT Contact the preservation architect for your community. INVEST IN YOUR COMMERCIAL BUILDING USING WESTERN DISTRICT EASTERN DISTRICT JEN DAVEL jen.davel@wisconsinhistory.org MARK BUECHEL mark.buechel@wisconsinhistory.org TAX CREDITS wisconsinhistory.org/taxcredits

199 DOES MY PROPERTY QUALIFY? Property must be a certified historic structure Listed on the State or National Register of Historic Places Project must meet a minimum investment Work must be approved in advance and meet historic preservation standards What should I do first? Prior to submitting your application contact the preservation architect assigned to your county to discuss your project and answer your questions. Have a question about how to care for a commercial building? Visit our website at wisconsinhistory.org/preserve-your-building to browse over 100 articles. WHY SHOULD I PRESERVE MY PROPERTY? Historic Preservation is intrinsically important for its ability to enhance community pride and to create a sense of rootedness and belonging. Through a connection with history, preservation can improve the quality of life and livability of communities. It also stimulates reinvestment and contributes to our economy, creating jobs in construction, architecture, interior design, engineering, real estate, accounting, tourism and more. WHAT QUALIFIES FOR TAX CREDITS? WHAT COSTS ARE ELIGIBLE? All work inside and outside the building except movable equipment WHAT COSTS ARE INELIGIBLE? Landscaping Paving New additions Additional information can be found online at wisconsinhistory.org/taxcredits

200 Guidelines for Planning Historic Preservation Tax Credit Projects in Wisconsin INCOME-PRODUCING TAX CREDIT PROGRAM INTRODUCTION State and federal programs require that all tax-credit related work must meet the Secretary of the Interior's Standards for Rehabilitation (or, simply, the Standards). This pamphlet is designed to provide you with guidance about how the Standards are interpreted for various types of preservation work; however, because there are a wide variety of historic properties, it is impossible to provide a complete set of guidelines to address every situation. This pamphlet is directed to the most common preservation projects. If after reviewing this document you have additional questions about the proposed project, please feel free to contact one of the WHS preservation architects listed below: (by region) SITE WORK Most types of site work are allowable, as long as: the work does not destroy significant archeological remains or landscape features; does not encroach on any historic buildings; and does not introduce incompatible new features to the site. Regrading should be limited to areas away from the historic property or at the rear of the historic building. You should avoid changes in the ground level near the historic building. New plantings and sidewalks are usually not a problem as long as the character of the site is not changed. Parking areas should be located at the rear of a site and in most cases should not abut the historic building. Archeological remains refers to any prehistoric or historic archeological deposits or features that may exist. Significant archeological resources affected by a project must be protected and preserved. If such resources must be disturbed, mitigation measures must be undertaken. If human remains are discovered, cease work at that location and contact Sherman Banker at the Wisconsin Historical Society at

201 BUILDING EXTERIOR A primary facade is one that is visible from public rights-of-way and, in most cases, has significant architectural detailing. A secondary facade is one that is generally visible from public view, but may not contain as many distinguishing architectural features. A rear facade is one that is usually not seen by the public and contains little architectural detailing. As a rule, primary facades should be left intact, while rear facades may sometimes be altered more substantially. REPAIR OF ORIGINAL FEATURES Repair, rather than replacement, of any feature, such as railings, storefronts, column capitols, a dormer or a parapet, is always strongly encouraged. If replacement is necessary, documentation of the deteriorated condition of the feature should be submitted. Only those portions of any feature that are deteriorated should be replaced. EXTERIOR BUILDING CLEANING Removal of dirt or paint from exterior brick or stone is appropriate as long as it does not harm the building materials. (Because every method of exterior cleaning carries with it some risk of damage to masonry materials, you should consider carefully whether to clean the building at all.) In most cases, removal of dirt or paint is unnecessary in order to preserve a building. The Standards specifically prohibit sandblasting in any form (except to clean cast iron, as discussed below). Other forms of blasting are equally damaging and therefore also prohibited such as soda blasting, corn cob blasting and nut shell blasting. High pressure water blasting is equally damaging. Water pressures above 1000 psi can damage most building materials. Water pressure can be used safely at 1,000 psi with the spray wand a minimum of 12 away from the surface. Building materials vary widely in composition. Chemicals that may be applied safely to one building can result in severe damage to another. NPS requires that a cleaning test panel be applied to an inconspicuous part of the building prior to cleaning the entire building. The owner and/or architect should inspect the test panel for possible damage to the building materials, including mortar joints in masonry walls. The approved test area should be used as a standard by which the rest of the cleaning is evaluated. Before cleaning metal elements, you need to determine if the metals are ferric or non-ferric. If exterior metal elements are ferric (iron-based) you need to determine if those elements are cast iron or coated metal. Generally, cast iron is used in storefront columns and trim; otherwise, metal trim is likely to be terne or zinc coated steel. Cast iron may be sandblasted to remove dirt or paint but coated steel should be hand-scraped. Sandblasting coated steel will remove the protective coating and will ultimately lead to severe rusting. We recommend that non-ferric metals simply be repainted.

202 TUCKPOINTING Tuckpointing (also referred to as "repointing") refers to the replacement of deteriorated mortar in brick and stone walls. Only deteriorated mortar joints should be repointed. If done properly, the repointed joints will closely match the existing joints and should last for 30 years. Hand chiseling is the method least likely to cause damage to the brick or stone. Removing mortar with saws, grinders, or power chisels must be done carefully and by an experienced mason. For example, if the mason is not experience using a circular saw, it is quite easy to cut into the brick/stone at the head joint. Damaging the brick/stone during the repointing is not acceptable. The composition of the new mortar must match the existing mortar. New mortar should contain enough hydrated lime to make it softer than the brick/stone. Unless examination reveals that the original mortar is unusually hard, the building should be repointed using mortar that is no harder than ASTM Type N, which consists of 1 part Portland cement, 1 part hydrated lime and 6 parts sand. ASTM Type O, is a slightly softer mortar consisting of 1 part Portland cement, 2 parts hydrated lime and 9 parts sand. The appearance of the new joints should match those of the rest of the building. Mismatched mortar joints can result in the building taking on a "patchwork quilt" appearance. (Above is an example of unacceptable repointing.) The primary concerns are the color of the replacement mortar and the tooling. White Portland cement can be used along with appropriate coloring agents to match existing mortar color. Using standard, gray Portland cement usually results in joints that do not match the original color. In addition, if the tooling of the new mortar joints does not match the original, they may appear to be wider than the rest. We recommend that the mason complete a test panel (a sample area of repointed joints). Once the test panel is inspected to determine that the masonry has not been damaged and the mortar matches the appearance of the existing; the remainder of the building can be repointed. REMOVAL OF BUILDING ADDITIONS Demolition of existing buildings on/or adjacent to, the site of a historic building may be demolished if they do not contribute to the significance of the historic building or its context. On the other hand, just because a building or addition is not original to a property does not always mean that it can be demolished; it may be historically significant. Evidence of whether a building is considered to be significant is often found in the National Register or State Register nomination for the property or district. Contact Joe DeRose, staff historian, at joe.derose@wisconsinhistory.org or 608/ for a determination of significance on any building proposed for demolition. CONSTRUCTION OF NEW ADDITIONS Building additions should be designed so that the character-defining features of the historic building are not changed, obscured, damaged, or destroyed. The appropriateness of a new addition to a historic building is determined largely by its size and location. An addition should be constructed on the least visible side, such that the historic building remains the most prominent element from the public view. New design should always be clearly differentiated, so that the addition does not appear to match the historic building. Existing materials and detailing may inspire the new design but the addition should also stand as a contemporary design. The physical connection between the historic building and the addition should be made as small and least physically disruptive as possible. The original massing of the historic building should be retained; meaning any addition should be offset at the corner. Both the link and offsetting the addition makes the process reversible. If, at some point, a future owner wanted to remove the addition, it would allow them to do so with minimal damage to the historic building.

203 WINDOW REPLACEMENT Historic features, such as windows, must be repaired before replaced whenever possible. If you desire replacement windows, you must demonstrate that the existing windows have deteriorated beyond repair. This means photographing all windows of a small commercial building or a representative grouping for each building elevation of a large commercial building. Both the interior and exterior conditions must be photographed. These photos should then be keyed to building elevation drawings. If windows are in fact deteriorated beyond repair, their replacements must duplicate the appearance of the original windows, including the muntins (dividing bars), the proportions of the original windows, the thickness of the sash elements, the window material and finishes. ACCEPTABLE REPLACEMENT MUNTIN Generally speaking, buildings 3-stories and less in height, wood windows are required to be replaced with wood windows. Buildings taller than 3-stories that have windows deteriorated beyond repair can replace the wood windows with wood or aluminum. It is acceptable to have wood replacement windows with metal clad at the exterior as long as the metal conforms in shape to the existing window moldings. The metal clad or aluminum cannot have an anodized finish but rather must have a powdercoated paint or baked on finish. When aluminum windows are used as substitutes for wooden windows, the glass must be set back from the faces of the frames by approximately the same distance as in wooden windows which, typically, would have a putty line. To illustrate this concept, the glazing in wooden windows is held in place with either putty or wooden stops which set the glass approximately 1/2" back from the face of the window frame. On the other hand, the glazing in many aluminum windows is held in place by a metal flange. The result is that the glass is set back from the frame by only about 1/8" which causes the window sashes to look "flat" and out-of-character with most historic buildings. To change window materials, you must be able to demonstrate that using the historic material would be technically or financially infeasible. To demonstrate that the new windows match the old, you must submit comparative window section drawings, showing the head, sill, jamb, and muntin sections of the old and the new windows. UNACCEPTABLE REPLACEMENT MUNTIN Accurately recreating the muntins (window dividers) is an important detail of replacement windows. Muntins that are sandwiched between the glass, placed on just one side or the other, or that don t match the historic profile are unacceptable. Muntins must be permanently attached to the exterior, the interior and also have a spacer bar between the 2 panes of glass. In doing so, the depth of the original shadow lines is recreated. The use of tinted and reflective glass is not allowed. Low-E glass is allowable as long as the Visual Light Transmittance or VLT is 72 or higher. COMPARATIVE WINDOW SECTIONS

204 STORM WINDOWS To improve the energy efficiency of the historic windows, you may wish to install interior or exterior storm windows. New storm windows can be either wood or aluminum. Aluminum combination windows are acceptable as long as the window tracks are mounted flush with the face of window openings and the proportions of the storm windows match those of the original windows. Aluminum storm windows must also have a painted or baked-on finish, rather than an anodized finish. CHANGES TO WINDOWS Original window patterns should not be changed on primary facades. On secondary facades, minor changes may be made, but these must be in keeping with the overall window patterns of those sides of the building. On rear facades with limited public visibility, more significant changes can usually be made; however, they must be in character with the rest of the building. On masonry buildings, when original windows are closed-in, the infill material should match that of the wall and should be inset from the face of the wall at least two inches. Non-original windows can usually be closed flush to the wall surfaces with materials to match the adjacent wall. For new windows, the application should contain drawings similar to those specified in the window replacement section. ROOF REPLACEMENT Generally flat roofs that are not visible from the street can be replaced with modern roofing materials. MECHANICAL, ELECTRICAL & PLUMBING SYSTEMS In most cases, mechanical, electrical and plumbing work will have no effect on the historic qualities of a rehabilitated building; however, these items must be addressed in the application. Installation of new mechanical systems should be described in the most detail, since it is likely to affect significant spaces. STOREFRONT RESTORATION Rehabilitation of storefronts, either historic storefronts or those that have been altered requires careful consideration. The first step is to uncover features of the storefront that still exist. Often times when storefronts were altered, original features were simply covered rather than removed. In doing so, you may find enough of the original storefront design to continue its restoration. If, after selective demolition, little or no original features exist, the next step is to locate any historic photos of the building. Historic photos similar to the one above can be very helpful in recreating a lost storefront. If historic photos do not exist of the building, a new design will be needed. While considering the age and style of the building is important, there are common elements found on many commercial buildings such as sign boards, transom windows, and recessed entries. Storefront designs that vary from this traditional storefront design should be avoided unless you have historical documentation that supports the design. INTERIOR TRIM ALTERATIONS The Standards consider both highly decorated features (such as grand staircases) and characteristic features (such as original window trim) to be significant and these should remain intact. If original features have to be removed during construction, they should be reinstalled (or, if this is impossible, reproduced) in their original locations. Avoid moving original decorative elements to new locations as this can create an interior that looks to be original, but is actually a collection of original building artifacts applied in non-original locations over new construction. Likewise, interior trim for new walls should be generally of the same type and proportion as the original trim, but should not duplicate it exactly.

205 INTERIOR WALL ALTERATIONS Significant interior spaces must be preserved. The Standards do not allow total gutting of a building, unless the interior has been completely altered in the past and possesses no significant features or spaces. Significant interior spaces include both those that are highly decorated and original (such as hotel lobbies) and those that are characteristic of the buildings in which they are contained (such as school auditoriums and corridors). In evaluating which spaces can be changed on an interior, you should determine which spaces are primary and which are secondary. Primary spaces are those that are important to the character of a building and should always be preserved. Because there are a wide variety of historic buildings, each with its own type of significance, there are no absolute rules for identifying primary spaces. In general, public spaces are primary spaces and should be preserved largely intact whereas nonpublic spaces may be more altered. For example, the public spaces in a school building would include the corridors, entrance lobbies, stairwells, and auditoriums. These should be left intact. On the other hand, the non-public spaces, such as classrooms and offices, can be altered, provided that there are no highly significant features present. In office buildings, the public spaces would include the hallways, lobbies, and any decorative stairways. Public spaces in churches would include most of the interior features. On the other hand, there may be few or no public spaces in many warehouses and factories. When interior walls are proposed to be changed, you will be required to submit both an existing and proposed floor plan. The existing floor plan should also illustrate what walls are planned to be removed as part of the project. CHANGES IN ROOM FINISHES Covering over of original finishes (such as stenciling), the removal of plaster or wooden elements (such as cornices or wainscoting), or the application of textured wall paints on original plaster is not appropriate and should be avoided. Similarly, the removal of plaster to expose brick or stone is not appropriate. Historically, brick would be left exposed only in utilitarian structures such as mills, factories, or warehouses. Typical commercial buildings and residences would have had finished walls; usually plaster. Avoid removing or permanently damaging decorative flooring; such as tile, marble or wood. Lowering ceilings, particularly those in public spaces should be avoided. If you propose to lower ceilings, they should not be dropped below the level of the tops of the windows unless they are revealed upward at the windows for a distance of at least five feet from the outside walls. Installing plywood panels, spandrel panels, or opaque glazing in the upper portions of windows to hide suspended ceilings is not allowed. In spaces where the ceilings are to be lowered or repaired, and the original ceiling was plastered, you should install suspended gypsum drywall (or plaster) in lieu of suspended acoustical tile. FOR FURTHER INFORMATION Additional information regarding common historic building projects can be found within the Preservation Briefs published by the National Park Service. Copies of the both the Standards and Preservation Briefs are available on request from the Division of Historic Preservation. The Standards are available on-line at: The Preservation Briefs are available on-line at: