Application of Pheromones for Controlling Stored-Product Insects. Tom Phillips Oklahoma State University

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1 Appliction of Pheromones for Controlling Stored-Product Insects Tom Phillips Oklhom Stte University

Pheromones for Stored Product Insects Pheromones known

predominte Indinmel moth nd other pyrlids Cigrette

other dermestids Trps re for monitoring; widely used

buildings with vlue-dded products; not in grin storge

2 Pheromones for Stored Product Insects Pheromones known for > 40 species Lures vilble for 20 species; few predominte Indinmel moth nd other pyrlids Cigrette beetle Tribolium flour beetles Wrehouse beetle nd other dermestids Trps re for monitoring; widely used by pest control industry Used in food industry buildings with vlue-dded products; not in grin storge Detect sptil nd sesonl vrition; trigger for mngement nd control decisions

3 Sptil Anlysis of Trp Cptures Beetles Moths 35 Bck room Bck room Distnce from left front (m) C C A B D A B D 0 A Distnce from left front (m) A Distnce from left front (m)

4 Pheromone Trps

5 Cn we control insects with pheromone trps? No, not usully Need to ctch lots of femles Most pheromone trps cpture mles (IMM, CB, WB) Mss-trpping of mles could suppress popultions under certin conditions Techniques to control stored product insects using sex pheromones to mnipulte mles

6 Pheromone-Bsed Control Techniques Mting Disruption Lure-nd-Kill; Attrcticide Exmples from IMM reserch

7 Wht is Mting Disruption? Relese high levels of synthetic pheromone Disrupts or lters mting behvior of mles Mles fil to mte femle; femles don t ly fertile eggs; popultion goes to extinction Commercil scle trils with stored product moths recently completed

8 Chicken House A: 1472 m3

9 Chicken House B: 1880 m3

10 MD Lure Monitoring trp 1 lure per 80 cu m 2-3 live femle IMM in cge ZETA

11 Oviposition Dish in Protective Cge Food dishes were chnged weekly, returned to the lb., incubted for 3 weeks, nd lrve were het-extrcted nd counted

12 Results: Trps Ctches Men Weekly Trp Ctch in MD vs Non-MD Houses Non-MD 44.6 (SE 5.3) MD 1.6 (SE 7.2) F 1,43 =23.19, P< ***Significnt Trp Shut-down ***

13 Results: Lrvl Counts Men weekly lrvl counts for the 2 weeks before MD compred to the 4 weeks during MD t ech house Before MD (SE 31.2) During MD 82.5 (SE 31.2) F 1,6 = 14.33, P=0.009 ***Reproduction reduced; popultion suppressed***

14 Demonstrting Mting Disruption in the Rel World Every building is different Every moth popultion is different Difficult to find identicl control nd tretment buildings; replictes highly vrible Used pired buildings in mny loctions Assigned treted nd untreted buildings Monitor moths in both building types from before tretment nd through tretment period

15 Exmples of Sites

16 Plcing Lures: 1 per 80 cu m in 2003

17 Mting Disruption in Oklhom SFM nd PFM Loctions, 2003 IMM nd Lrvl Counts MD instlled in Aug 4, High IMM cpt in control nd MD, After instlltion of MD low IMM in MD nd Low Lrvl counts in MD s well s control. Good control of IMM in MD Jul 29-Jul 4-Aug 11-Aug 18-Aug 25-Aug 2-Sep 9-Sep 16-Sep 23-Sep 30-Sep 7-Oct 14-Oct 21-Oct IMM nd Lrvl count 28-Oct 1 Lure/80 cu meters SFM IMM Cpt MD PFM IMM Cpt Cont SFM Lrvl Ct MD PFM Lrvl Ct Cont Dte

18 2003: Wshington Ben Wrehouses, 1 lure per 80 cu m, high nd low 100 % MD Bldg A IMM Cpt MD Bldg C IMM Cpt Con Lrvl Count Bldg A MD Lvl Count Bldg C Con 0 17-Jul 24-Jul 1-Aug 8-Aug 15-Aug 22-Aug 29-Aug 6- Sep 13- Sep 20- Sep Lvl Count, IMM Cpt Averge & % MD Dte

19 Mting Disruption Indin Ben nd Seed Plnts IMM Cpt, Lrvl Counts Av MD instlled Aut 5, 2003 to Sept 30, Jul 23-Jul 30-Jul 5-Aug 12-Aug 19-Aug 26-Aug 3-Sep 10-Sep 17-Sep 24-Sep 1-Oct IMM nd Lrvl Counts Av Mny untreted res Bldg A IMM Cpt MD Bldg H IMM Cpt Cont Bldg A Lrvl Ct MD Bldg H Lrvl Ct Cont Dtes

20 Averge IMM cpture in 16 trps & % MD t Ben Wrehouse Building D Control 13,924 m3; Building E MD 8,562m3, Othello, WA Lure/200 cu meters 6/15/2004 6/23/2004 7/1/2004 7/8/2004 7/14/2004 Av. Bef. MD Strt MD 7/21/2004 7/28/2004 8/4/2004 8/13/2004 8/19/2004 8/27/2004 9/2/2004 Dte Averge IMM Bldg D Cont Averge IMM Bldg E MD % IMM DR Bldg E Averge IMM Cptur % MD

21 Averge IMM cpture in 10 trps t Wells Bros. Feed Store Wrehouse, Plno & IMM Cpture & % MD t Wells Bros Feed Store Wrehouse, 929 m3, Mckinney, TX (Dlls re) Averge IMM cptur % MD 7/7/2004 7/15/2005 MD set 7/15 7/22/2004 7/29/2004 8/5/2004 8/13/2004 8/19/2004 8/26/2004 8/31/2004 9/9/2004 9/16/2004 9/23/2004 9/30/ /14/ /27/2004 MD set 11/11/ /29/2004 Dte Averge IMM TWP Control Averge IMM TWM MD % MD TWM

22 Mediterrnen Flour Moths: One Cse Averge Med Flour Moth cpture in 10 trps & % MD t KSU Swine Res. Fcility, KS, Mnhttn, /20/04 Av. Bef.MD MD 7/20/04 7/29/04 5/8/ /8/2004 8/19/04 8/26/04 2/9/2004 9/9/2004 9/16/04 9/24/04 9/30/04 Dte ***MFM cn be disrupted by single-component lure! Averge % MFM DR 7/15/04 Averge MFM cp % MD

23 2005 Results Summry Tested simple protocol for deploying lures bsed on floor spce only, regrdless of ceiling height: 1 lure per 625 squre feet ppers effective Confirmed ctivity of MD lures ginst Mediterrnen Flour Moth second time Conducted successful tests with Almond Moth, Cdr cutell, in Hwii Commercil prtners hve pplied to EPA to secure primry nd secondry registrtion

24 Lure-nd-Kill for Indinmel Moth Formultion combines sex pheromone with trgeted dose of insecticide Induce mss-killing of mles; should be better thn trps Screened severl insecticide ctive ingredients; lb.-tested gel nd pnel formultions Field trils with pnels in 2005

25 Suppression Evlution Attrcticide: Lst Cll gel 4 Mini-storge rooms, 10 X 10 X 20 ft, s simulted wrehouses Set up on Mondys nd pick up on Fridys 25 ± 4 C nd RH

of 5, 10 nd 15 moths per room tested in 3 studies Mles

26 Tretments of 0, 1, 2, or 3 droplets (50 mg per droplet) ssigned to the rooms; rndomized nd repet for 4 weeks Density of 5, 10 nd 15 moths per room tested in 3 studies Mles monitored with trps, reproduction monitored by oviposition in dishes of grin

27 Men number of lid eggs per dish (15 g) in ministorges 10x10x20 foot, t 0, 1, 2, nd 3 droplets of Lst-Cll gel nd 5, 10 nd 15 femles nd mles of IMM density Men number of id eggs per dish in 15 g of whe femles, 5 mles 10 femles, 10 mles 15 femles, 15 mles # eggs b b b b b b b b b zero one two three zero one two three zero one two three Unfortuntely, the residul ctivity of gel ws less thn 8 weeks.

28 Wx Pnels s Killing Surfces Pnels impregnted with permethrin Surfce of 12 x 20 cm Use regulr trp lure Active for 3+ months Field studies in 2005

29 Smll Pet Stores nd Grocery Stores

30 MEAN NUMBER OF ADULT MALES PER STICKY TRAP (10 TRAPS PER STO MEAN NUMBER OF ADULT MALES OF IMM PER STICKY TRAP IN AN ATTRACTICIDE STUDY WITH WAX PANEL (SUTERRA, OR.) IN PET FOOD AND GROCERY STORES AT DALLAS, TX PRE-TREATMENT WAX PANELS AND LURES WERE SET UP ON JUN 13 b TREATED UNTREATED TREATED UNTREATED TREATED UNTREATED TREATED UNTREATED TREATED UNTREATED TREATED UNTREATED JUN 10 JUL 8 JUL 22 AUG 5 AUG 19 SEP 2 b b b

31 MEAN NUMBER OF IMM LARVAE PER BAIT CUP IN AN ATTRACTICIDE STUDY WITH WAX PANELS (SUTERRA, OR) IN PET AND GROCERY STORES (8) AT DALLAS, TX MEAN NUMBER OF LARVAE PER BAIT CUP (10 BAIT CUPS PER STO PRE-TREATM ENT WAX PANELS AND LURES WERE SET UP ON JUN 13 TREATED UNTREATED TREATED UNTREATED TREATED UNTREATED TREATED UNTREATED TREATED UNTREATED TREATED UNTREATED TREATED UNTREATED JUN 10 JUN 23 JUL 8 JUL 22 AUG 5 AUG 19 SEP 2 b b b

32 Summry Pheromone trps re widely used for monitoring SPIs in food plnts, wrehouses nd retil outlets Mting Disruption nd lure-nd-kill for moths shows gret promise, nd registrtion is imminent Species specificity of control my be OK Demnd for pheromone-bsed controls could be high in low input nd orgnic systems

33 Acknowledgements Chrlie Konemnn Mnuel Cmpos Stcy Snders Industry nd University Coopertors Funding: Whitmire Micro-Gen USDA Risk Avoidnce nd Mitigtion Progrm USDA NRI Bio-bsed Pest Mngement Thnk You!

Management Approaches for Thrips and Garden Symphylans in Lettuce

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