Architecture of Massachusetts. By: Danny Surujdeo and Mara Yella Architecture P1

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1 Architecture of Massachusetts By: Danny Surujdeo and Mara Yella Architecture P1

2 Timeline Post-Medieval Georgian Federal Greek Revival Gothic Revival Italianate Second Empire Stick Romanesque Revival Queen Anne Shingle Colonial Revival Beaux Arts Classicism Art Deco Mid Century Modernism Brutalism

Post Medieval Georgian 1600-1700 1700-1780 Buildings were made with post and beam construction: both horizontal and vertical lines.

Parts on the left of the building are equal to the parts on the right. The use of columns was still prominent (vertical lines).

3 Post Medieval Georgian Buildings were made with post and beam construction: both horizontal and vertical lines. The post and beam parts were not painted. Buildings placed emphasis on the upper floor as it Paul Revere House was hanging over the one below it. Parts on the left of the building are equal to the parts on the right. The use of columns was still prominent (vertical lines). The buildings were mostly rectangular prisms (form). The buildings had rough texture. There was horizontal balance. The windows were repeated with regular rhythm. Shirley-Eustis House

Federal Greek Revival 1780-1820 1825-1860 The buildings featured attenuated columns or pilasters: vertical lines.

Regular rhythm is commonly used in the placement of the windows.

4 Federal Greek Revival The buildings featured attenuated columns or pilasters: vertical lines. The texture is rough, causing the structure to seem darker. There is symmetrical balance. Regular rhythm is commonly used in the placement of the windows. New State House The buildings were constructed with columns (vertical lines) which supported triangular pediments (horizontal and diagonal lines). The use of granite and brick gave these buildings a rough texture. There is horizontal balance. There is regular rhythm in the use of the columns supporting the emphasized pediments. Quincy Market

Gothic Revival Italianate 1840-1880 1840-1885 Pointed arches were used for the windows (curved lines).

There is asymmetrical balance One side of the building was not in the same proportion as the other.

5 Gothic Revival Italianate Pointed arches were used for the windows (curved lines). Buildings were commonly built out of brick, giving it a rough texture. The buildings were made up of rectangular prisms and pyramids. There is asymmetrical balance One side of the building was not in the same proportion as the other. New Old South Church Round-headed arches were commonly used: curved lines. In terms of form, cubes were commonly used. There is asymmetrical balance. The left and right halves are not in proportion.

Second Empire Stick 1855-1885 1860-1890 The use of mansard roof meant that there were curved lines.

The use of steep gable roofs meant that there were many diagonal lines.

6 Second Empire Stick The use of mansard roof meant that there were curved lines. The buildings had a rough texture. There was asymmetrical balance. The windows are repeated with random rhythm. The use of steep gable roofs meant that there were many diagonal lines. In addition, there was a pattern of horizontal, vertical and diagonal boards. Many quadrilateral shapes were repeated. There is horizontal balance. There is regular rhythm with the repetition of the windows.

Romanesque Revival Queen Anne 1870-1900 1880-19oo Arches are used over doorways and windows.

Buildings are made of multiple types of stone. Roofs form triangles. Most space on exterior is used up because of windows.

7 Romanesque Revival Queen Anne oo Arches are used over doorways and windows. The roofs of the towers have a conical shape. Stone is rough textured. Asymmetrical design is used. Buildings are made of multiple types of stone. Roofs form triangles. Most space on exterior is used up because of windows. Bay windows form a tower shape on the side of the house. No symmetry or balance. Some emphasis on the large towers and roofs. Commonly divided into two to three stories. Trinity Church

Shingle Colonial Revival 1880-1910 1880-1955 Space on outside was very empty with no extra designs or additions besides windows and doors.

Also tended to be asymmetrical. Straight lines, normally either vertical or horizontal lines were used.

8 Shingle Colonial Revival Space on outside was very empty with no extra designs or additions besides windows and doors. Color of shingles varied, but only one color was used. There was unity because the only material was shingles of one color. Also tended to be asymmetrical. Straight lines, normally either vertical or horizontal lines were used. Flat roofs Except for windows, it s very plain looking (empty space). Emphasis on front door. Sometimes surrounded by columns which hold up a balcony. There is balance because of a centered door and windows that mirror each other.

Beaux Arts Classicism Art Deco 1885-1930 1925-1940 Straight lines are shown in flat roofs, while curved lines were used in arches over windows and doors.

Boston Public Library Simple straight lines, typically just horizontal and vertical were used. Smooth textured buildings (stucco).

9 Beaux Arts Classicism Art Deco Straight lines are shown in flat roofs, while curved lines were used in arches over windows and doors. Gray stone was the typical material these structures were built with. Regular rhythm used on the windows. There is horizontal balance. Same color creates unity. Boston Public Library Simple straight lines, typically just horizontal and vertical were used. Smooth textured buildings (stucco). Either smooth stone or metal Very basic shapes used in these buildings (just rectangles normally). Windows had regular rhythm and there was balance. Buildings were sometimes stepped. United Shoe Machinery Corporation Building

Art Deco (continued) Different colors were used in some Art Deco buildings, which show

During this time, advancements in technology allowed for building to be built taller,

Sometimes extra effort was used to emphasize the vertical attributes of the buildings.

10 Art Deco (continued) Different colors were used in some Art Deco buildings, which show contrast. During this time, advancements in technology allowed for building to be built taller, resulting in the skyscrapers seen today. Sometimes extra effort was used to emphasize the vertical attributes of the buildings. Examples from other cities/states in the United States include: The Empire State Building, New York (right) The Bank of America Building, Rhode Island (111 Westminster Street) (top left) The McAlpin, Florida (bottom left)

Mid Century Modernism Brutalism 1938-1980 1950-1975 Again, only straight lines are used. Very empty space and simplified look.

Buildings were only constructed with one or two colors/materials When the building isn t completely made out of glass, windows have regular rhythm.

11 Mid Century Modernism Brutalism Again, only straight lines are used. Very empty space and simplified look. Some of these buildings just have an exterior made of glass (smooth texture) Rectangular shape. Buildings were only constructed with one or two colors/materials When the building isn t completely made out of glass, windows have regular rhythm. John Hancock Tower Very straight, angular lines are evident in these buildings. All one color, gray or beige, because these structures are normally made from concrete. Not a lot of contrast or emphasis because only one material/color was used. Windows are all uniform (regular rhythm) Boston City Hall

12 Works Cited "Architectural Style Guide." Boston Preservation Alliance. Boston Preservation Alliance, n.d. Web. 11 Oct "Architectural Style Guide." Historic New England. Historic New England, n.d. Web. 11 Oct Paradis, Thomas. "American Architectural Styles." Architectural Styles of America and Europe. N.p., Nov Web. 11 Oct

Chapter 11. Exterior Design Factors. Introduction. House design does not stop once room arrangements are determined

Chapter 11. Exterior Design Factors. Introduction. House design does not stop once room arrangements are determined Chapter 11 Exterior Design Factors Introduction House design does not stop once room arrangements are determined Exterior must also be considered Often a client has a certain style in mind that dictates