TRANSACTIONS OF THE HISTORIC SOCIETY OF LANCASHIRE AND CHESHIRE VOL. 143

Transcription

1 TRANSACTIONS OF THE HISTORIC SOCIETY OF LANCASHIRE AND CHESHIRE VOL. 143

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3 TRANSACTIONS OF THE HISTORIC SOCIETY OF LANCASHIRE AND CHESHIRE FOR THE YEAR 1993 VOLUME 143 LIVERPOOL PRINTED FOR THE SOCIETY 1994

4 Copyright The Historic Society of Lancashire and Cheshire The Society gratefully acknowledges financial assistance from Lancashire County Council ISSN X Produced for the Society by Alan Sutton Publishing Limited Phoenix Mill, Far Thrupp, Stroud, Glos. Printed in Great Britain

5 CONTENTS List of illustrations Editorial note List of abbreviations vii ix x Sir James Whitelocke, chief justice of Chester Damian X. Powell 1 'The church, the throne and the people: ships, colonies and commerce': popular Toryism in early Victorian Liverpool John Belchem 35 Home missionaries to the poor: Abraham Hume and spiritual destitution in Liverpool, Lucy E. Bosworth 5 7 Introductory note: Health and society on Merseyside: some historical perspectives Gerry Kearns and Sally Sheard 85 Duncan and the cholera test: public health in mid nineteenth-century Liverpool Gerry Kearns, Paul Laxton, and Joy Campbell 87 James Newlands and the bounds of public health Christopher Hamlin 117 Water and health: the formation and exploitation of the relationship in Liverpool, Sally Sheard 141 The development of municipal infant welfare services in St Helens, Richard A. Hawes 165

6 Housing and health in Liverpool, Colin G. Pooley and Sandra Irish 193 Short note: Recent finds of Roman coins in Lancashire: second report, David Shatter 221 Notes on the contributors 227 Reviews 229 Council and officers for Council and officers' reports 244 Index 247

7 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Page Figure 1 Weekly cholera deaths in Liverpool, 29 April-20 October Figure 2 Condemned property in Liverpool, [Source: Annual Reports of the Medical Officer of Health] 205 Figure 3 Distribution of deaths in Liverpool, 1920 [Source: Annual Report of the Medical Officer of Health, 1920] 210 Figure 4 Distribution of deaths in Liverpool, 1935 [Source: Annual Report of the Medical Officer of Health, 1935] 211 Figure 5 Percentage of working-class houses overcrowded in Liverpool, 1935 [Source: Survey of Overcrowding, 1935] 212

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9 EDITORIAL NOTE The papers in this volume lean strongly towards the history of Liverpool in the nineteenth century. Five of them originated at a conference on 'Public Health on Merseyside' held independently of the Historic Society in 1991; the Society is pleased to be able to publish them together in Transactions. An Introductory Note (pp ) sets the scene for those papers. Only one paper in this volume covers a subject from Cheshire or from a century before the nineteenth; the editors strive to maintain a balance and would welcome typescripts covering medieval, early modern, and Cheshire topics. The editors extend their thanks to Mrs Pauline Thomson, who prepared the index for this volume. University of Manchester University of Liverpool C. B. Phillips C. P. Lewis August 1994 Authors intending to submit papers to Transactions are advised to write to Dr C. B. Phillips (Department of History, University of Manchester, Manchester, Ml 3 9PL) to obtain a copy of Notes for Contributors. Books for review should also be sent to him. The Honorary Membership Secretary (Dr Janet Hollinshead, Liverpool Institute of Higher Education, Stand Park Road, Liverpool, LI6 9JD) will be pleased to hear from persons wishing to join the Society. Membership is open to all and provides the right to attend the Society's meetings, to borrow from its library, and to receive the annual Transactions. Offprints and volumes in the Occasional Series may be ordered from the Honorary Publications Secretary (Mr L. Gregory, 31 Grange Mount, West Kirby, Merseyside, L48 GET). The Historic Society of Lancashire and Cheshire is a registered charity: no

10 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS B.L. British Library, London Cheshire R.O. Cheshire Record Office, Chester Chester R.O. Chester City Record Office C.S. Chetham Society DJV.B. Dictionary of National Biography J.CA.S. Journal of the Chester Archaeological Society (formerly Journal of the Chester and North Wales Architectural, Archaeological, and Historic Society) J.R.U.L.M. John Rylands University Library of Manchester Lanes. R.O. Lancashire Record Office, Preston Liv. R.O. Liverpool City Record Office M.C.L. Manchester City Library PP. Parliamentary Papers P.R.O. Public Record Office, London R.S.L.C. Record Society of Lancashire and Cheshire T.H.S.L.C. Transactions of the Historic Society of Lancashire and Cheshire T.L.CA.S. Transactions of the Lancashire and Cheshire Antiquarian Society V.C.H. Cheshire The Victoria History of the Counties of England: A History of the County of Chester (in progress) V.C.H. Lanes The Victoria History of the Counties of England: the Victoria History of the County of Lancaster, ed. William Farrer and J. Brownbill (8 vols, London, )