2005 Title 24 Outdoor Lighting Regulations Overview. 77 slides

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Rosalyn Dixon
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1 Title 24 Outdoor Lighting Regulations Overview 77 slides

2 Welcome to the Module! 2 Welcome to the module on the Title 24 Changes to Outdoor Lighting Requirements An introductory online module, where you will : Get a brief overview of the new Title 24 requirements for outdoor lighting Receive references to specific code provisions and additional information sources Obtain some suggestions towards better design practices Move through the module at your own pace You can questions to the instructors at T24Pres@energydesignresources.com

3 Previously: 3 Historically, Title 24 standards have dealt only with buildings that are conditioned; i.e. heated or cooled mechanically The 2001 Title 24 standards require outdoor lighting attached to conditioned buildings to have: A means to automatically extinguish lights by day; and either Minimum 60 lumen per watt source efficacy for lamps rated greater than 100 watts for outdoor lighting or Automatic motion sensor shut-off controls But that was all!

4 So what is new in Title 24? 4 Responding to a legislative mandate, the Title 24 Standards have been modified to include Lighting in unconditioned buildings, and Lighting for many outdoor lighting applications It is important to note that: No tradeoffs are allowed between indoor lighting and outdoor lighting Outdoor lighting requirements are Prescriptive Requirements only, There is no Performance Method of compliance with the outdoor lighting requirements

5 Why the new regulations? 5 The objective of the outdoor lighting regulations in Title 24 is to reduce wasteful use of energy by ensuring Outdoor lighting can be turned off when not needed Outdoor lighting uses efficient sources Resulting light levels are appropriate for the needs of the surroundings Higher power allowances for areas with higher ambient light levels, such as city centers Lower power allowances for areas with lower ambient light, such as natural parks So what is waste of outdoor lighting energy? Let us look at a couple of examples to see how lighting energy can be wasted and how it could easily be fixed And then see how the standards address the same

Parking Lot Lighting Here is another parking lot, with better lighting Even in the rain, the fixtures are directing illumination where needed Without the

6 Here is a suburban parking lot Can you tell what the person in the photograph is holding? A gun or a clipboard?

6 Parking Lot Lighting Here is another parking lot, with better lighting Even in the rain, the fixtures are directing illumination where needed Without the glare or wasteful energy use! Can you imagine the photograph below in the rain? Which parking lot would you prefer to drive into on a rainy or foggy night? 6 Here is a suburban parking lot Can you tell what the person in the photograph is holding? A gun or a clipboard? There is adequate illumination coming out of the fixture But the fixture is wasting light and energy by spreading light in all directions, except where it is needed on the surface of the parking lot!

are supposed to illuminate under the canopy.

7 Canopy and Façade Lighting 7 Can you tell what these wall mounted fixtures are illuminating? In the photograph on the left, they are supposed to illuminate the façade, And, in the photograph to the right, they are supposed to illuminate under the canopy.. But they are spreading light everywhere else Who is getting all the light in the photograph on the right? The tenants on the second floor In this building those happen to be residential spaces! Look where the shadow falls!

8 Canopy and Façade Lighting 8 Compare the images on the previous slide to these images above See how well the outdoor lighting is integrated with the buildings envelope Now it s brightest where you want people to go There is uniform illumination throughout the walkway and the building façade That s because the lighting is on the surfaces, and not wasted elsewhere There is no glare from the fixtures, and the light does not escape out to areas where it is not needed an energy efficient and visually pleasant design

Sales Canopy Lighting 9 Compare to this gas station also in an urban environment See how uniform the illumination is inside and outside the canopy?

Now it s brightest where you want people to go Here is a gas station in an urban environment See how dark the space to the left of the canopy looks?

9 Sales Canopy Lighting 9 Compare to this gas station also in an urban environment See how uniform the illumination is inside and outside the canopy? This canopy actually has lower installed lighting power than the canopy below But it is a safer canopy to drive out of than the one below! Now it s brightest where you want people to go Here is a gas station in an urban environment See how dark the space to the left of the canopy looks? If you need to drive to the store after you fill gas in your car, how do know if someone is walking by? Can you see any cars parked in front of the store? Where will you park?

10 Campus Lighting 10 Why do these lights have to be on at two in the morning? Nobody is using the space Vandals on the other hand can see well, so they can do their work Timers or occupancy sensors can be used to turn off unnecessary lights when the campus is not in use Then turn them on when someone is around

11 To Recap: 11 Lighting energy is wasted when It creates glare Glare reduces our ability to see well Light goes where it is not needed Light directed up towards space does not help us see better down here on the ground Places are over illuminated Our eyes work well over a broad range of illuminance levels But, excessively bright areas make it harder to see in darker areas Lights are left on when no one is around

12 So what do the standards have to do with good lighting? 12 The Title 24 standards do not mandate good lighting design practices But, neither do they prevent a designer from achieving a good lighting design The energy provisions of the standards are derived from the latest recommendations on outdoor lighting by the IESNA (The Illuminating Engineering Society of North America) They do govern the use of energy in outdoor lighting And the issue of glare & over-illumination of spaces We will see how in the following slides Warning the slides are dense with information So have your cup of coffee at hand!

13 Outdoor Lighting Code Basics

14 T24 Outdoor Ltg: How It Works 14 The standards regulate the waste of lighting energy by requiring Restrictions on luminaire light distribution Through cutoff requirements Minimum efficacy requirements for luminaires Lumens output per Watt input Lighting power allowances based on Outdoor Lighting Zone, and Lighting Application Type You will learn about each of these requirements in the following slides

15 The Standards apply to: 15 Hardscape for vehicular use, including parking lots, driveways and site roads Hardscape for pedestrian use, including plazas, sidewalks, walkways and bikeways Building entrances and facades Canopies for vehicle service stations, other sales canopies, and non-sales canopies Outdoor sales lots Ornamental lighting Signs

16 The Standards apply to: 16 Hardscape for vehicular use, including parking lots, driveways and site roads Hardscape for pedestrian use, including plazas, sidewalks, walkways and bikeways Building entrances and facades Canopies for vehicle service stations, other sales canopies, and non-sales canopies Outdoor sales lots Ornamental lighting Signs

17 The Standards do NOT apply to: 17 There are many unregulated and exempt lighting situations such as Temporary outdoor lighting Landscape lighting Public streets, roadways, highways Sports and athletic fields Industrial sites Swimming pools and other water features Tunnels, bridges, stairs, and ramps Light emitting diode, neon and cold cathode lighting

18 Outdoor Lighting Power Allowances 18 Vary by use and location: You get more watts in urban Lighting Zones due to high levels of ambient light, and Fewer watts in rural and natural Lighting Zones due to low levels of ambient light You get a general lighting allowance which is a sum of allowances for specific lighting applications Such as: parking lots, driveways, walkways, entrances You get extra use it or lose it lighting allowances for some special uses Such as: Sales and non-sales canopies, building facades, ornamental lighting etc.

19 Outdoor Lighting Zones 19 Most of the new outdoor lighting regulations are based on the concept of Outdoor Lighting Zones Lighting Zones serve a similar function as the climate zones serve in Title 24 for determining energy budgets for baseline and proposed buildings The standards establish four zones LZ1, LZ2, LZ3, & LZ4 These zones are based on illuminance zones as recommended by both the Commission Internationale de l'eclairage (CIE) and Illuminating Engineering Society of North America (IESNA).

20 Outdoor Lighting Zones 20 The standards add lighting power density limits to outdoor lighting similar to Title 24 limits on indoor lighting These power density limits change by lighting zone LZ1 has the strictest LPD limits of the four zones LZ1 includes intrinsically dark areas such as Government designated parks, recreation areas, and wildlife preserves LZ2 has the next lowest LPD limits and includes Rural areas As defined by the most recent US Census LZ3 is the midrange and includes Urban areas As defined by the most recent US Census LZ4 has the highest LPD limits This is a special zone that a local government may adopt with approval from the CEC for areas with intensive use at night

21 Setting the T24 Outdoor Lighting Zones 21 A local jurisdiction (usually a city or county) may change the zones to accommodate local conditions Portions of LZ1 can be changed to LZ2 or LZ3 Portions of LZ2 and LZ3 can be changed to higher or lower levels A local government can only change the default Lighting Zone boundaries by Following a public process of notification, review, comment & formal adoption Then provide the CEC with detailed information and justification The Energy Commission has the authority to disallow Lighting Zone changes if it finds the changes to be inconsistent with the specifications of the Standards Table A or

22 How Do You Know What Zone You re In? 22 Permit applicants may determine the Lighting Zone for a particular property through the following steps Step 1 - Check with the local jurisdiction Step 2 - Look at the U.S. Census website to determine If the property is within a rural (LZ2) or urban (LZ3) census tract Step 3 - Check the Energy Commission s website to determine If the property is contained within the physical boundaries of a Lighting Zone that has been changed through a local jurisdiction adoption process

Sample US Census Map 23 Here is a sample US Census Map for the San Francisco Bay Area showing Urban Areas All locations within the boundary of the urban areas (pink) are LZ3 by default Unless the

23 Sample US Census Map 23 Here is a sample US Census Map for the San Francisco Bay Area showing Urban Areas All locations within the boundary of the urban areas (pink) are LZ3 by default Unless the local government has made LZ adjustments through a local jurisdiction adoption process. Need more information? Visit the CEC website at Note: Urban areas are indicated by the pink shaded areas above. The map is accessible at MapFramesetServlet

24 Outdoor Lighting Detailed Provisions

25 T24 Outdoor Lighting Requirements 25 The Principal requirements for outdoor lighting are generally as follows: Mandatory Requirements Requires 60 LPW sources over 100 watts Requires outdoor luminaires (with exceptions) over 175 watts to be rated IESNA Cutoff or Full Cutoff Requires automatic controls and in most cases, requires dual level controls with a curfew setback Outdoor Lighting Power Sets Lighting Power Limits by lighting zone and use We ll look at each of these in detail in the following slides The following are other outdoor lighting requirements that we do not cover in this module Signs Sets power limits or requires energy efficient light sources Low Rise Residential Lighting Requirements Requires high efficacy lighting systems or motion sensors

26 Luminaire Efficacy Requirements 26 The standards promote greater luminaire efficacy by requiring All permanently installed outdoor luminaires employing lamps rated over 100 watts to have either: A lamp efficacy of at least 60 lumens per watt, or Be controlled by a motion sensor Some of the exceptions to the requirements include: Lighting required by a health or life safety requirement Theme lighting for use in theme parks. Temporary outdoor lighting. Light emitting diode, neon and cold cathode lighting

27 What is a Cutoff Luminaire? 27 Cutoff is a designation specified by the Illuminating Engineering Society (IESNA) for outdoor luminaires Cutoff is a luminaire luminance distribution pattern where Less than 2.5% of the total lamp lumen output is delivered above 90 degrees vertically from a straight plumb line drawn from the fixture to the ground Source: CA Nonresidential Manual

28 Luminaire Cutoff Requirements 28 The T24 standards require all outdoor luminaires, at a minimum, to be designated IESNA Cutoff (full cutoff also complies) when Luminaires use lamps rated greater than 175 watts in Hardscape areas including parking lots, building entrances, sales and non-sales canopies, and all outdoor sales areas Exceptions include Temporary outdoor lighting, signs, lighting for buildings facades, lighting required for health and safety The reason is that non-cutoff and semi-cutoff luminaires waste energy directly into the sky!

29 Lighting Controls Requirements 29 The Standards require automated lighting controls for some outdoor lighting applications And a bi-level switching capability All permanently installed outdoor lighting is required to be controlled by A Photocontrol (daylight sensor based control), or An Astronomical Time Switch These controls are required to automatically turn off the outdoor lighting when daylight is available. Exceptions include: Lighting in parking garages, tunnels, and large covered areas that require illumination during daylight hours.

30 Lighting Controls Requirements 30 The Standards also require bi-level switching for: Lighting of building facades, parking lots, garages, sales and non-sales canopies, and all outdoor sales areas Where two or more luminaires are used For such lighting applications, the Standards require a programmable automatic time switch that: Turns off the lighting when not needed, and Reduce the lighting power (in watts) during low use periods By at least 50%, but not exceeding 80%, through switching or continuous dimming Exceptions include safety and temporary lighting

31 Lighting Power Allowances 31 The Standards set limits on lighting power for outdoor lighting. There are: General Site Illumination base allowances Hardscape for automotive vehicular use Hardscape for pedestrian use Driveways, site roads, sidewalks, walkways, bikeways Building entrances, and Outdoor sales lots Specific Task Illumination allowances Use-it-or-lose it allowances that can be added to the base allowances for specific lighting applications Building façade, ornamental lighting, sales lot frontage, outdoor dining, etc. All these allowances vary by Lighting Zone

32 Table 147-A: General Site Illumination 32 Table 147-A lists the Lighting Power Allowances for General Site Illumination Lighting Power Allowances (W/FT² UNLESS OTHERWISE NOTED) Lighting Application LZ1 LZ2 LZ3 LZ4 Hardscape for automotive vehicular use, including parking lots driveways and site roads Hardscape for pedestrian use, including, plazas, sidewalks, walkways and bikeways Hardscape for driveways, site roads, sidewalks, walkways and bikeways 1.0 w/lf 1.5 w/lf 4.0 w/lf 5.0 w/lf Building Entrances (without canopy) Outdoor Sales Lot

33 Table 147-B: Specific Lighting Allowances Table 147-B, lists the Use it or Lose it Lighting Power Allowances for Specific Lighting Applications Lighting Application Building Facades Outdoor Sales Frontage (Frontage in linear feet) Vehicle Service Station with or without Canopies Vehicle Service Station Hardscape All Other Sales Canopies Non-sales canopies Lighting Power Allowances (W/FT² UNLESS OTHERWISE NOTED) LZ1 Not allowed Not allowed Not allowed 0.12 LZ w/lf LZ w/lf LZ w/lf More applications listed on the next slide 33

34 Table 147-B: Specific Lighting Allowances.. Contd.. 34 Table 147-B, lists the Use it or Lose it Lighting Power Allowances for Specific Lighting Applications Lighting Power Allowances (W/FT² UNLESS OTHERWISE NOTED) Lighting Application LZ1 LZ2 LZ3 LZ4 Ornamental Lighting Not allowed Drive Up Windows Guarded Facilities Outdoor Dining

35 Table 147-B: LPD Allowances for Specific Applications 35 For each application listed in Table 147-B, you are allowed the lesser of either: The allowed watts determined by multiplying the use area by the allowed power density OR The actual lighting load This is called USE IT OR LOSE IT There are special rules for this type of lighting It MUST be suitable for the use and in a location to provide the light properly

36 Summary of Requirements 36 The Principal requirements for outdoor lighting are generally as follows: Mandatory Requirements ( 132 ) Requires 60 LPW sources over 100 watts Requires outdoor luminaires (with exceptions) over175 watts to be rated IESNA Cutoff or Full Cutoff Requires automatic controls and in most cases, requires dual level controls with a curfew setback Outdoor Lighting Power ( 147) Sets Lighting Power Limits by lighting zone and use Signs ( 148) Sets power limits or requires energy efficient light sources Low Rise Residential Lighting Requirements ( 150 (k)) Requires high efficacy lighting systems or motion sensors

37 Calculating Lighting Power Allowances

38 Calculating Allowed Lighting Power 38 Multiply the Lighting Power Allowance Corresponding to the Lighting Application and Lighting Zone By the Area of the Application In order to be counted, an area of the site must be both a listed Lighting Application, and It must be within a defined Illuminated Area The Illuminated Area is defined as any area within A square pattern around each luminaire or pole That is six times the luminaire mounting height, with the luminaire in the middle of the pattern, Less any area that is within a building, under a canopy, beyond property lines, included in another illuminated area, or obstructed by a sign or structure. And now we will walk you through an example.

39 Calculating Illuminated Area 39 Here is a parking lot with a pedestrian walkway next to a building, with a canopy at the building entrance, and some landscaped area around it all Landscaped Area Parking Lot Canopy Pedestrian Walkway Building

40 Calculating Illuminated Area 40 Assume there are seven luminaires illuminating the parking lot and the area around it Landscaped Area Luminaires Parking Lot Canopy Building

41 Calculating Illuminated Area 41 The yellow squares indicate the area that is considered to be illuminated by each of the fixtures Notice how the illuminated area squares overlap and also are truncated by the building and canopy Landscaped Area Parking Lot Building

42 Finding the Allowed Area You Can Use 42 Now let us remove landscaped areas (which are exempted from the Standards) So the Illuminated Area is the orange and pink areas highlighted below They are colored differently because there are different allowances for each type Landscaped Area Vehicular Parking Hardscape Lot NOTE: The hardscape area can include a five foot band beyond it s edge Pedestrian Hardscape Building

43 Example for Use it or Lose it Allowances 43 On the previous slides we showed you how to calculate Illuminated Area for general site illumination For the specific Use it or Lose it allowances, there are similar calculation procedures All these allowances are determined by multiplying square feet by watts per square foot Some allowances are based on lineal foot of illuminated area instead of the square footage of the illuminated area For example, in the case of the allowance for Sales Frontage, you multiply lineal feet by watts per lineal foot Let us see an example with both these types of allowances

44 Example: Car Dealership 44 Vehicular Hardscape: General Allowance (W/sf) Cars not for sale (customers, employees, repairs) Cars for sale Building Outdoor sales lot: General Allowance (W/sf) Frontage: Specific Allowance (Use it or Lose it) (W/lineal ft) Luminaires using the frontage allowance must be located here and must be directional; aimed at cars inside the sales lot

45 Application Example How to conduct a compliance calculation for outdoor lighting

46 Application Example 46 Previously we looked at a simple schematic examples of how to determine the Illuminated Area Now let us go through all the steps needed to calculate the allowable lighting power for each outdoor area, and Determine the total allowance for an actual building site

Example of Calculating Allowable Lighting Power 47 Here is an actual building currently being designed It is a mixed-use office/laboratory building in a suburban office

47 Example of Calculating Allowable Lighting Power 47 Here is an actual building currently being designed It is a mixed-use office/laboratory building in a suburban office park The Lighting Zone is LZ2 The building is located within a 561,534 sf site that contains Parking lots Landscaped areas Wooded natural area Loading docks Entry canopies

Site Lighting Plan 48 First step is to list and draw all the proposed fixtures on the site plan in the locations where you intend to place them Remember to select fixtures that meet the efficacy and

48 Site Lighting Plan 48 First step is to list and draw all the proposed fixtures on the site plan in the locations where you intend to place them Remember to select fixtures that meet the efficacy and cutoff requirements set by the Standards This particular site plan includes: Parking lot lighting 150W Metal Halide Full Cutoff rated Mounted at 20 height Landscape lighting 70W ornamental fixtures Full Cutoff rated Mounted at 12 height 39W metal halide In ground, uplights Building façade wall packs at retaining wall and under loading dock canopy 70W metal halide Full Cutoff rated Mounted at 8.5 height Downlights under entrance canopies 18W compact fluorescent Recessed, damp-rated Façade floodlights 39W metal halide

49 Determine Illuminated Area 49 Next, we will find the Illuminated Area Illuminated Area is defined as a square area in plan that is six times the mounting height, with the luminaire in the middle This is easily done by drawing a shaded square around each of the luminaires in your lighting plan* Some areas will have a lot of overlap, and so your plan will look very dense Next step is to determine the boundary of the Illuminated Area * This can be done most easily by using a CADD program that allows you to draw the boundary and add up the areas easily

50 Calculate Illuminated Area To determine the boundary of the Illuminated Area: Remove all excluded areas from the shaded squares Add 5 all around the hardscape areas Remove areas that are not illuminated by fixtures Such as the walkway to the right of this plan Excluded areas include Landscaped areas Buildings City sidewalks City easements City street lighting The net Illuminated Area is the shaded area to the left Next step is to identify the specific function areas within this boundary The power allowances are set by lighting applications within the illuminated area 50

51 Calculate Use Areas Using lighting applications defined in Table 147-A and 147-B, divide the total Illuminated Area into individual activity areas 51 This site plan has the following activity areas: General Site Illumination Vehicular hardscape, plus 5 border 157,680 sf Pedestrian hardscape, plus 5 border 17,903 sf Specific Applications Main entrance canopy 885 sf Secondary entrance canopies 484 sf Loading dock canopy 1,210 sf

52 Allowable Lighting Power Calculation 52 Next, multiply each area by its appropriate lighting power allowance from Tables 147-A and 147-B. Add the resulting numbers to get the total allowable lighting power allowance for the site General Site Illuminance Power Allowances: Pedestrian Hardscape plus 5 border 17,903 sf x 0.09 W/sf = 1,611 Watts Vehicular Hardscape plus 5 border 157,680 sf x 0.08 W/sf = 12,614 Watts Total for General Site Illuminance Allowances = 14,225 Watts Specific Use it or Lose it Allowances: Secondary Entrance Canopies 484 sf x 0.25 W/sf = 121 Watts Loading Dock Canopy 1,210 sf x 0.25 W/sf = 302 Watts Main Entrance Canopy 885 sf x 0.25 W/sf = 221 Watts

53 Compliance Rules 53 The compliance rules for General Site Illumination and Specific Lighting Applications are different For the General Site Illumination, add up all your installed wattage for General Site Illuminance As long as this total is less than or equal to the total allowance for General Site Illumination, you comply For Specific Lighting Applications, you need to meet the allowances for each specific application line by line So your installed wattage for entrance canopies has to be less than or equal to the allowance for entrance canopies And your installed wattage for façade lighting has to less than or equal to the allowance for façade lighting You cannot add up your installed watts for all of the specific lighting applications and then compare them to the total allowance We will illustrate this with the actual compliance forms on the next two slides

54 General Lighting (147-A) Power Allowance 54 This form is for general lighting allowance like hardscape. Note that you can easily have more than 1 luminaire type illuminating each use area. In order to comply, the total installed wattage must be less than the total allowed.

55 Showing Special Lighting (147-B) Power Allowance and Use 55 This form is for special lighting allowances like canopies. You can easily have more than 1 luminaire type illuminating each use area. But you can t trade off from one allowance to the next. For each line the actual watts must be less than or equal to the allowed watts.

56 About the Forms 56 In order to demonstrate compliance, you will have to complete at least some of the Outdoor Lighting Forms found in the Title 24 manual The number of forms depends on the variety in outdoor function areas in your design And how many of the use-it-or-lose-it credits you want to use The first sheet must be signed by a licensed professional civil engineer, electrical engineer, architect, or contractor.

57 List of Compliance Forms 57 Forms OLTG-1 (2 part form) These are primarily record keeping forms, but every job has to have them! Forms OLTG-2 (4 part form) These forms show that your design meets the Standard Form 1 of 4 is for General Site Illumination Form 2 of 4 is for Local Ordinance or Special Security Allowances Form 3 of 4 is for Special Applications, and Form 4 of 4 is for Vehicle Service Stations without Canopies

58 List of Compliance Forms.. continued 58 Forms OLTG-3 (5 part form) These forms are worksheets showing how you determined illuminated area and use areas Form 1 of 5 is for Hardscape Form 2 of 5 is for Hardscape (alternative method) Form 3 of 5 is for Façade Form 4 of 5 is for Canopies, and Form 5 of 5 is for Drive Up Windows and Guarded Facilities Form OLTG-4 This form is for outdoor signs You either need to demonstrate that lighted signs Meet the lighting power density limits of section 148; OR Use high efficacy light sources

59 Index of Relevant Code Sections

60 Index: Relevant Code Sections 60 Outdoor Lighting Requirements are covered by the following sections of the Title 24 code Part 1 - Section : (Pg 14-15) Lighting Zone Determination Part 6 Section 100 Scope: (Pg 18-19) Subsections (d) and (e) scope of the outdoor lighting standards Part 6 Section 101: (Pg 33-34) Critical Outdoor Lighting Definitions

61 Index: Relevant Code Sections 61 Part 6 Section 119 Mandatory Requirements for Lighting Control Devices (j): (Pg 62) Astronomic Time Switch Control Details requirements for outdoor lighting controls using astronomic & calendar time Part 6 Section 132 Outdoor Lighting Controls and Equipment: (Pg 75) Subsection (a): requires 60 Lumens/Watt for lamps over 100 watts; Except for underwater, temporary, film and performance, LEDs, Neon and Cold Cathode Lighting

62 Index: Relevant Code Sections 62 Part 6 Section 132 Outdoor Lighting Controls and Equipment: (Pg 75) Subsection (b): Cutoff Requirements Subsection (c): Control Requirements Mandatory Photocell or Astronomic Time Switch 50%-80% reduction in Outdoor Lighting Power after normal business hours Part 6 Section 140: (Pg 78) Strictly Prescriptive Approach Outdoor Lighting is NOT part of Performance Approach

63 Index: Relevant Code Sections 63 Part 6 Section 147 Requirements for Outdoor Lighting: (Pg 113) List of Exceptions Subsection (a): Outdoor Lighting Power Subsection (b): Calculation of Actual Lighting Power Subsection (c): Calculation of Allowed Lighting Power Part 6 Section 150K Requirements for Outdoor Lighting for Residences including Multi-family and Hotel Uses of less than 8 separate living units (Pg 126)

64 Where can you read the Requirements? 64 There are two main documents that together specify the standards and explain all the details: Building Energy Efficiency Standards This is the official code language for all the provisions of the Title 24 standards Nonresidential Energy Standards Compliance Manual This is a very useful reference guide that explains the code provisions, implementation procedures and compliance procedures

65 Where to Find Documents 65 Both the documents are available for free on the California Energy Commission (CEC) website at: You can also call the CEC Energy Efficiency Hotline at: Phone: or Phone: (toll free in California)

66 Outdoor Lighting Design Designing to Meet, or Beat (!), the Standard

67 Canopy and Façade Lighting 67 Remember these photos? These are great examples of how outdoor lighting can be integrated with the building envelope All the fixtures are recessed in the canopy ceiling, and provide Uniform illumination throughout the walkway and the building facade There is no glare from the fixtures, and the light does not escape out to areas where it is not needed.. Overall a very pleasing visual experience It is energy efficient and easily exceeds the Title 24 requirements

68 And a comprehensive site lighting scheme 68 Uniform Illumination on the parking lot Store-fronts are the brightest objects in view Cut-off Luminaires reduce waste of lighting energy Here is a good example of how to integrate good canopy lighting, façade lighting and parking lot lighting There is uniform illumination and good visibility from the store to the walkway to the parking lot

69 So what do we learn from these pictures? 69 A good lighting design would limit light trespass, use lower installed power and have more efficacious lamps As we know, Title 24 does not control lighting design practices. It only regulates energy use and equipment efficiency Title 24 regulates the energy use of outdoor luminaires to reduce energy waste by Requiring installed lighting power limits Requiring luminaires that be rated such that almost all of the light output reaches the intended locations Requiring minimum lamp and ballast efficacy You can easily design your lighting to meet these goals Or even exceed them While enhancing the lighting quality at the same time Here are some tips to achieve that on the following slides

70 Step 1: Become Familiar with IESNA Recommendations 70 The Title 24 Standards were created using the Illuminating Engineering Society of North America (IESNA) outdoor lighting level and uniformity recommendations as a guide Review the following useful resources: IESNA Lighting Handbook, Ninth Edition IESNA Recommended Practices RP-02-01, Retail Lighting, Annex H Outdoor Retail RP-08-00, Roadway Lighting RP-20-98, Parking Facilities RP-33-99, Outdoor Environmental Lighting IESNA Guidelines for Security Lighting for People, Property and Public Spaces G-1-03

71 IESNA Recommendations and the 4-zone System 71 The IESNA lighting handbook is the industry reference on good lighting design practice Read up on the luminaire cutoff designations, luminaire and lamp efficacy If you are not a lighting professional, you can learn a lot by reading the Lighting handbook and related documents If you are a Lighting Certified professional (LC), you already know all this but a refresher would not hurt! You will notice that IESNA recommendations were NOT developed with a 4-zone system in mind The 4 zone system, which is an international standard, was first introduced in 1999 Future IESNA standards will address the 4 zone system But in the meantime, there is plenty of information there to show you how to meet or exceed the Title 24 requirements After all the Title 24 standards requirements were developed using the latest IESNA recommendations

Use cut-off or full cut-off luminaires Keep in mind that most luminaires over 175 watts must be cut off or full

72 Step Two: Use Cut Off Luminaires 72 This will save you a lot of time and grief There are a lot of appealing luminaires that have high efficiency but throw the light away into the night sky. Avoid them. Use cut-off or full cut-off luminaires Keep in mind that most luminaires over 175 watts must be cut off or full cut off anyway. Full cut off generally produces the least light trespass, so in addition to saving energy, you re also being a better neighbor

Step Three: Use Modern Lamps 73 Most of the Standards are based on the efficiency levels achievable with probe start metal halide lamps You can also use high pressure sodium (HPS) lamps.

73 Step Three: Use Modern Lamps 73 Most of the Standards are based on the efficiency levels achievable with probe start metal halide lamps You can also use high pressure sodium (HPS) lamps. While the color is inferior, lamp life and lumen maintenance are great HPS lamps have higher maintained light output than regular metal halide Of course you wouldn t be able to recognize your blue car in the parking lot! Consider using ceramic metal halide lamps with electronic ballasts The electronic ballast improves metal halide lamps life and lumen maintenance The ceramic metal halide color is superior about the same as incandescent, but energy efficient You can also achieve higher light levels a double bonus. Consider using compact fluorescent lamps for small or low light applications Also consider Induction lamps that have exceptional long life and low maintenance

Step Four: Use Modern Design Tools 74 Most modern computer programs for outdoor lighting report the maximum, minimum, and average illumination levels, and uniformity Plus they can render cool

74 Step Four: Use Modern Design Tools 74 Most modern computer programs for outdoor lighting report the maximum, minimum, and average illumination levels, and uniformity Plus they can render cool pictures. Carefully use this feature to calculate the light levels throughout the area of interest. Tweak your design to get maximum visual quality with minimum energy use This computer rendering shows the effect of lighting throughout the site

75 So...do your design! 75 Remember the golden rules: Use efficient luminaires Use proper cutoff rated luminaires And follow good design practices More light or more wattage does not always solve the problem Putting the light where it is needed is the real trick! And, if you can reduce light pollution while you are at it, you can save energy and help the environment

76 Additional Resources 76 The Energy Design Resources website has various other resources for Title 24 information, including: An overview module on all the provisions in the California Title 24 Standards Case Study illustrating the impact of the California Title 24 standards on a nonresidential building EDR Lights an online course on energy efficient lighting and lighting controls Links to Energy Code websites The California Investor Owned Utilities that sponsor EDR also provide Title 24 training at their respective Energy Centers For more information, visit:

77 End of the Module! 77 So now that you know the basic changes introduced in the Title 24 Standards for Outdoor Lighting. Good luck with your outdoor lighting projects!

MANDATORY MEASURES OUTDOOR LIGHTING CONTROLS. (Reference: Sub-Chapter 4, Section 130.2)

MANDATORY MEASURES OUTDOOR LIGHTING CONTROLS. (Reference: Sub-Chapter 4, Section 130.2) MANDATORY MEASURES CONTROLS (Reference: Sub-Chapter 4, Section 130.2) ADDITIONS AND ALTERATIONS Over 50% replaced Mandatory Controls 130.0, 130.2, 130.4 + Prescriptive Requirements LPD allowances of 140.7