Recent UN and EU Sustainable Development Policies (Post 2015): What challenges for city planning and governance

Transcription

1 Recent UN and EU Sustainable Development Policies (Post 2015): What challenges for city planning and governance Europe at a crossroads: the challenge for future sustainable development 20 July 2016 Roudaina Al Khani Architect MAA, Urban and Regional Planner DEA PHD Director of Platforms for sustainable cities and regions ltd

2 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development - September : UN Conference on Environment 1992: The Earth Summit (Sustainability Agenda 21) Brundtland Report (Sustainable Development) 2012: UN Conference on Sustainable Development (Rio+20) 2015: UN Sustainable Development Summit Roudaina Al Khani -Platforms-20th July

3 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development September Sustainable Development Goals Targets To be implemented towards 2030

4 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development September 2015 Integrated global approach to development. Strategic approach Local states authorities to define priorities within frameworks Roudaina Al Khani -Platforms-20th July

5 Sustainable Cities and Communities 2030 Inclusive Safe Environmentally Sustainable Resilient Roudaina Al Khani -Platforms-20th July

6 Sustainable Cities and Communities Inclusive and safe cities Access for all to adequate and affordable housing and services Upgrade slum areas and informal settlements Access to affordable, accessible public transport system for all Road safety Inclusive and sustainable urbanisation Improve local economies and job opportunities Access to inclusive, safe and accessible green areas and public spaces. Roudaina Al Khani -Platforms-20th July

7 Sustainable Cities and Communities Environmentally sustainable and resilient Strengthen efforts to safeguard the world s cultural and natural heritage. Reduce the per capita environmental impact of cities: Municipal waste and air quality. More cities and urbanities implementing integrated policies and plans to enhance inclusion, resource efficiency, mitigation and adaptation to climate change, resilience to disasters. Financial and technical support to building sustainable and resilient buildings using local materials. Roudaina Al Khani -Platforms-20th July

8 Sustainable Cities and Communities Integrated and cross-level Integrated sustainable human settlement planning Support positive economic, social and environmental link between urban, peri-urban and rural areas by strengthening national and regional development planning. Roudaina Al Khani -Platforms-20th July

9 Sustainable Cities and Communities Implication of the Other 16 goals

10 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development September 2015 Implementation through a central platform: Sustainable Development Knowledge Platform HLPF -High Level Political Forum on Sustainable Development Supporting Dialogue among countries and stakeholders organisations Monitoring national reviews of their implementation of the 2030 Agenda Roudaina Al Khani -Platforms-20th July

11 How is it going? Roudaina Al Khani -Platforms-20th July

12 Sustainable Copenhagen Copenhagen Development Strategy, 2007 focused on: Environmentally sustainable city A diverse city for all A dynamic and knowledge city The city down to water Copenhagen & Malmø Copenhagen: 510,000 inhabitants within a region of almost 1,8 million With open dialogue Roudaina Al Khani - Platforms - 11th July

13 Copenhagen Sustainable City Copenhagen -Environmental Capital More compact city Less private cars - less CO2 emission Better public transportation & bicycle lanes Environmental policy for urban development New low-energy areas Roudaina Al Khani -Platforms-11th July

14 A diverse city for everyone A dense and accessible city A diverse city for every one A diverse housing offer Mixed and diverse urban neighbourhoods Diverse retail in the urban neighbourhoods Photo: Copenhagen Municipality Roudaina Al Khani -Platforms-11th July

15 Copenhagen a dynamic city Leadership in the Oresund Region Synergy between industries& universities Densification around main transportation nodes A lively urban life Good public spaces Roudaina Al Khani -Platforms-11th July

16 The city by the water A coordinated development along the coastal areas A betterrelationshipbetweenthe city and its water A goodexploitationof the urban and leisure potentials Livable urban spaces. Photo: Politiken Roudaina Al Khani -Platforms-11th July

17 Learning from two London boroughs Roudaina Al Khani -Platforms-20th July

18 London Borough of Hackney Sustainable Community Strategy

19 London Borough of Hackney Sustainable Community Strategy Vision Working borough, a vibrant part of London with innovative and creative economy; Aplace that values the diversity of its neighbourhoods, and makes the most of their links across the globe to enrich the economic and social life of everyone; A borough with greater opportunity for everyone, whatever their background Decreasing economic, environmental and health inequality, A green, cosmopolitan part of London Safe, strong and cohesive communities, and a shared sense of fairness, citizenship, and social responsibility.

20 London Borough of Hackney Sustainable Community Strategy priorities and 18 focus areas: Reduce poverty by providing employment opportunities. Attract new employers (retail, hospitality, catering, finance, ICT, and creative and media industries) Help residents to become better qualified and raise educational aspirations. Promote health and wellbeing for all. Make the borough safer for people living in, working in, studying in and visiting Hackney: Community Safety Plan. Promote mixed communities in well-designed neighbourhoods, where people can access high quality affordable housing. Roudaina Al Khani -Platforms-20th July

21 London Borough of Hackney Sustainable Community Strategy Enable people to take active role in community, civic and democratic life. Use excellent, sustainable urban design. Encourage and enable people to walk, cycle, play and spend time together safely. Ensure that town centresare vibrant places for shopping and leisure time. Reduce CO2 emissions in line with national and international standards from domestic, commercial, industrial and transport use.

22 City of London Local Plan 2015 Employment for over 370,000 people Offices make up over 70% of all buildings 9,000 residents over 29,000 students destination with 8.8 million visitors/year The challenge: Delivery of sustainable long-term economic growth to support the London and national economies, whilst providing for population growth and protecting and improving the environment and quality of life. Roudaina Al Khani -Platforms-20th July

23 City of London Local Plan Strategic Objectives for city development until 2026: 1. Maintain the City s position as the world s leading international financial and business centre. 2. Contribute to the qualities and characteristics of the city s main spaces. 3. High quality of architecture and street scene while respecting the historic core. Support the city s continued cultural role and development. 4. Ensure response to climate change and other sustainability challenges in this high density area. Gain national and international recognition. 5. Ensure the provision of inclusive facilities and services that meet the expectations of the City s business, resident, student and visitors. Roudaina Al Khani -Platforms-20th July

24 London and Hackney - Challenges Good city strategies although with challenges on the ground. Challenge in coordinating sector strategies and spatial strategies. Need for coordination of planning goals among the boroughs to resolve challenges as housing and inequalities. Roudaina Al Khani -Platforms-20th July

25 Other challenges facing implementation in European planning Municipal planning/city planning is still seen as the tool for space organisation and to manage building related matters and landuses. Institutional and legal challenges to developing and implementing a crosssector strategy. Development challenges facing cities depending on their national and regional role and dynamics. Regional challenges and inequalities. Need to improve social-economic policies to meet recessions. unemployment, integration etc. Roudaina Al Khani -Platforms-20th July

26 Challenges facing city development and planning in the Middle East Roudaina Al Khani -Platforms-20th July

27 Development challenges facing sustainable development in Arabic Cities Rapid urbanization, massive migration flows. Urban and regional inequalities. Growth of Informal Settlements threatening inclusiveness. High unemployment in smaller cities parallel to declining rural areas and deprived economies and technologies. Unemployment in some urban areas exceeding city averages. 50 million jobs needed towards Inefficient service delivery, networks and management of resources. Environmental and Climate challenges Worsening situation under recent political conditions. Need for extensive resources and reconstruction. Roudaina Al Khani -Platforms-20th July

28 The challenge of informal settlements Greater Cairo (18 million inhabitants) Over 60% of households in informal settlements Aleppo, Syria (2 million inhabitants) Over 45% of households in informal settlements Source: Aleppo Masterplan Informal Settlements in brown Problems: Spatial, social, economic, environmental and political divides. Many resources wasted.

29 General conditions to sustainable development in Arabic countries affecting cities 18% of the Arabic world residents below national poverty line. Declining middle class. Increasing gaps. Weakness of major development sectors: Low spending on public health, weak housing sector and municipal services. Status of women and human rights in several countries. SUM Consult GmbH

30 Challenges to planning and governance at the local government level Traditional planning approaches are not capable of meeting the need for economic development, inclusiveness and environmental sustainability. Need to improve legal and institutional frameworks. Need to improving finance. Need to improve governance including society agents and cooperation across government levels. Need to coordinate development visions and budgets between the national and the local level. Need for capacity building. Roudaina Al Khani -Platforms-20th July

31 National level challenges influencing sustainable development in Arabic countries - 1 Need for Concise development visions for economy, society and human resources and for development in urban and rural areas. Concise sector development programs and integrated visions. Concise planning systems (urban, regional and national), planning approaches and capable administrations at all levels. Strengthening congruency between national planning and local development needs. More effective use of active local efforts and international-aid. Participatory approaches to be enabled. Roudaina Al Khani -Platforms-20th July

32 National level challenges influencing sustainable development in Arabic countries - 2 Improving legal frameworks and justice systems. Improving transparency and overcome bureaucracy are great obstacles to inclusiveness and economic growth. Better investment and management of human and natural resources Roudaina Al Khani -Platforms-20th July

33 Building on on-going efforts: Example: Meeting challenges to Sustainable Development in Riyadh Great efforts made to move towards green buildings / Green Buildings Forum Need to move towards sustainable city principles. Some of the challenges to deal with in a sustainable development strategy: Social-economic and city environment inequalities between North and South. Environmental sustainability to reduce the energy foot print, including compact city structure. Improve city ecology and resilience to climate change. Public transportation and development, which have to go hand in hand More diversity in urban areas and focus on the quality of urban neighbourhoods Housing for the youth Urban governance. Participatory approaches. Roudaina Al Khani -Platforms-20th July

34 Building on on-going efforts: Example: Meeting challenges to Sustainable Development in Riyadh Implementing planning reforms at the national level Building urban and national observatories Capacity building Improving governance Roudaina Al Khani -Platforms-20th July

35 exchanging experiences Building awareness and changing behaviour at all levels Bottom-top approaches are important

36 No one is left behind.. Importance of collective action and support to essential rights, peace and liveabilityin the whole world, in countries with circumstances like Syria as a major condition for reaching the sustainability development goals