Blue-Green Network and Urban Infrastructure Development

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1 Blue-Green Network and Urban Infrastructure Development Mahua Mukherjee, Ph.D Head, Centre of Excellence in Disaster Mitigation and Management Associate Professor; Department of Architecture & Planning IIT Roorkee, INDIA Thematic Event: Ecosystem-based DRR; 5th July, 2018 at Ulaanbaataar, Mongolia

2 Urban Risk 2002 Elbe River flood in Germany

3 Strom Xynthia in 2010, France Houses, such as these in La Faute-sur-Mer, were built in flood-prone areas Weichselgartner and Pigeon. The Role of Knowledge in Disaster Risk Reduction, Int Journal of Disaster Risk Sci (2015) 6:

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7 Which Way Forward?

8 Ecosystem based Urban Planning Resilience Blue- Green Urban Infrastructure Urban Ecologist, Landscape Planning and Architecture- Ecosystem Services Green Engineering- De-stressing Urban Environment and provisioning Resiliency

9 BLUE-GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE E N S V E C O N O M I C A L C R I O A N L M R E S I L N T A L I E N C E

10 Urban Environment: energy and health security Heat wave, UHI Air Pollution removal, carbon sequestration Wind regime- strong wind, pedestrian level discomfort Urban Water Ecology: water security Storm-water drainage- Urban Flood, Drought Water quality - Natural treatment Water balance, Water temperature Urban Agriculture: food security Soil protection - Soil stabilization, Increased permeability Nutrient cycle - Waste decomposition and nutrient cycling Production Urban Bio-diversity: habitat protection Species diversity, Habitat and corridors. Blue-Green Network Avoidance of emissions (reduced energy use)

11 Blue-Green Infrastructure Network Scale: Macro, Meso, Local and Micro scale Elements: Bits of nature, Patch, Corridor and Matrix Conditions: Healthy, Under Threat, Degenerating and Potential,

12 Macro Scale Meso (matrix, corridor and patches)

13 Local (corridors and patches) Micro- (corridors, patches and bits of nature)

14 Blue-Green Infrastructure Development, Design and Maintenance Culture Finding Opportunities even in small fragmented parcels Performance and benefit assessment quantitatively on long term basis Blue-Green Network Challenges:

15 Mukherjee, M. and Takara, (2018). Urban green space as a countermeasure to increasing urban risk and the UGS-3CC resilience framework, International Journal for Disaster Risk Reduction, Volume 28, June 2018, Pages GUS-3CC Model

16 Contextual Context to introduce the Blue- Green Infrastructure Medians Bio swale

17 Contextual Context to introduce the Blue- Green Infrastructure Once upon a time it was a flowing Channel! It can be revived like Cheonggyecheon River in Seoul

18 Blue-Green Infrastructure Proposal for Shivalik Apartments, an neighbourhood in IIT Roorkee Land cover Type Area (sqm) % Building Footprint Green cover Impermeable paving TOTAL

19 Intervention OPTIONS

20 I: Contextual Concept for Blue-Green Infrastructure Permeable Parking BioTech Triangle Permeable Pavements Shivalik Apartments

21 II: Core Competency after selecting Intervention STRATEGIES Infiltration Basin 1 (Play Garden) Infiltration Basin 2 (Landscape) Porous pavement (Within Shivalik Apartment) Porous pavement (Parking Space in front of Shivalik*)

22 Intervention 1 : Infiltration Trench Source: River Valley LID BMP

23 III. Calculating Contribution: After Intervention in Shivalik Apartments Neighbourhood Intervention Type Effective surface area Effective (sqm) Volume (cu. m) Infiltration Basin 1 (Play Garden) Infiltration Basin 2 (Landscape) Porous pavement (Within Shivalik Apartment) Porous pavement (Parking Space in front of Shivalik*) TOTAL Excess runoff from this neighbourhood will be reduced to two times in a year Land cover Type Area (sqm) % Building Footprint Green cover Permeable paving TOTAL

24 Urban Heat Island Study Comparison of meteorological factors and comfort indices of Simulated Scenario Source: Doctoral Work of Dr. Bhaskar De, 2018

25 Blue-Green Network Planning Approach Intervention Healthy Under Threat Degenerating Potential Immediate Protection Defensive Offensive Opportunistic Intermediate Preventive measures Defending development pressure Remedial or restorative measure Integration with Transportation and utility infrastructure Long-term Advocacy Connect Capacity Building Share

26 INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY ROORKEE Thank You!