Public Climate Change Adaptation Process Driven by Public Input Using Public Participation Games, Interviews, Pre and Post Surveys and Other Tools

Transcription

1 Public Climate Change Adaptation Process Driven by Public Input Using Public Participation Games, Interviews, Pre and Post Surveys and Other Tools Jim Beever Principle Planner IV SWFRPC Cela Tega December 12, 2016

2 15 CHNEP/SWFRPC CRE Projects Regional Vulnerability Assessment (CRE ) Punta Gorda Adaptation Plan (CRE ) Seagrass Response to Sea Level Rise (CHNEP 2009) Vulnerability Assessment CHNEP short version ( ) Climate Change Environmental Indicators (CRE ) Model Ordinances/Comp Plan (CRE ) Punta Gorda Comp Plan Amendments (PG ) Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment and Adaptation Opportunities for Salt Marsh Types in Southwest Florida (EPA ) Lee County Resiliency Plan (Lee ) Conceptual Ecological Models of Climate Change (CRE ) Ecosystem Services & Climate Change Model ECOSERVE (Elizabeth Ordway Dunn with SCCF ) Coastal Resilience Online Tool (with The Nature Conservancy ) Identifying and Diagnosing Locations of Ongoing and Future Saltwater Wetland Loss ( ) Spring Creek Restoration Study ( ) Identifying and Diagnosing Locations of Ongoing and Future Saltwater Wetland Loss: Mangrove Heart Attack

3 5 Adaptation Plan Projects Punta Gorda Adaptation Plan (CRE ) Lee County Resiliency Plan (Lee ) Spring Creek Restoration Study ( ) Pelican Cove Climate Change Adaptation Plan ( ) City of Cape Coral Climate Change Resiliency Plan ( )

4 Climate Change Planning in Southwest Florida is: A Public Process Driven by Public Input Using Public Participation Games, Interviews, Pre and Post Surveys and Other Tools Consensus Based and Pragmatic Implementable and Currently Being Implemented Cost Conscious (Cost/Benefit) and Favoring No Regrets Actions Incorporated; Not Separated; From Comprehensive and Transportation Plans Using New Language: (Call It What It Is Not Selling An Engineering Project) Redesign (not Accommodation) Managed Relocation (not Retreat) Armoring/Diking/Filling (not Protection)

5 We are Planning For (Even in the least impact future climate change scenario): increased climate instability increased coastal erosion continuous sea-level rise wetter wet seasons drier dry seasons more extreme hot and cold events shifts in fauna and flora increased tropical diseases in plants, wildlife & humans destabilized aquatic food webs including increased Harmful Algae Blooms (HAB) increasing strains upon and costs in infrastructure increased uncertainty concerning variable risk assessment with uncertain actuarial futures.

6

7

8 On December 17, 2008, the Punta Gorda City Council voted unanimously to participate in the CHNEP CRE pilot program. This progressive municipality had already included climate change planning in their Comprehensive Plan.

9 A Citizen-Driven Process Participants filled out a survey providing demographics and previous experience with Hurricane Charley. Then, they wrote down the vulnerabilities they thought most important and played a trading card game, collaborating to group them into envelopes.

10 Public participation was key to the project.

11 1 st Public Workshop Identified Vulnerabilities Fish and Wildlife Habitat Degradation Inadequate Water Supply and Fire Flooding Unchecked or Unmanaged Growth Water Quality Degradation Education and Economy

12 Second Public Meeting Participants labeled areas on maps where vulnerabilities and/or areas for adaptations existed. The labels named specific adaptations from citizen suggestions and from the literature. Adaptations that were NOT desired were also included.

13

14 City of Punta Gorda Adaptation Priorities Seagrass protection and restoration. Xeriscaping/native plant landscaping. Comprehensive plan to show which areas will retain natural shorelines. Constrain locations for certain high risk infrastructure. Restrict fertilizer use. Promote green building alternatives through education, taxing incentives, green lending. Drought preparedness planning.

15

16

17 Florida Friendly Native Landscaping Three related topics had the greatest support: Require Municipal Use of Xeriscaping Build Xeriscaping into Codes and Educate Homeowners Use Native Plants in Landscaping. All three adaptations are geared to reducing the need for irrigation while increasing the drought hardiness of the planted landscape. Florida-friendly landscaping can be considered an expansion of xeriscaping. A Florida-friendly yard goes beyond xeriscaping to better fit our unique landscape and climate. It includes best management practices concerning stormwater runoff and living on a waterfront. A properly maintained Florida-friendly yard can help homeowners conserve water and reduce pollution of water resources.. Both FYN and Florida Friendly programs approach to landscaping emphasizes nine interrelated principles including: Right plant, right place Water efficiently Fertilize appropriately Mulch Attract Wildlife Manage yard pests responsibly Recycle Reduce stormwater runoff Protect the waterfront

18 Options Examined for Infrastructure Protection From Flooding Redesign (Accommodation) Armoring/Diking/Filling (Protection) Managed Relocation (Retreat)

19 Old Design Some mangroves here Old Style Low ground floor elevation Vertical bulkhead Typically no vegetative buffer Limited or no stormwater treatment Little habitat values except where mangroves were retained

20 Redesign (Accommodation) New Style High ground floor elevation Living shoreline with sloped shoreline Substantial vegetative buffer with emergent wetlands and littoral shelf Modern stormwater treatment Significant fish and wildlife habitat

21 Armoring & Filling (Protection) From Volk 2008

22 Filling (Protection)

23 Rolling Easement Concept

24 Rolling Easement Concept

25 Rolling Easement Concept

26 Rolling Easement Concept

27 A hypothetical comparison of relative costs of various sea-level rise adaptations for the City of Punta Gorda Alternative Shoreline Less than total: set at the boundary between current uplands with freshwater wetlands and tidal coastal wetlands. Total: with irregular outer mangrove shoreline without overwash mangrove islands or many convoluted embayments Total: with irregular outer mangrove shoreline with convoluted embayments but not the overwash mangrove islands with canals open to navigation Rolling Easement Bulkhead with Fill to 6 feet (The Galveston Solution) Gradual Sand Filling to Keep Pace (Volk 2008) Elevating the Infrastructure (The Venice Solution) Armored Dike with 4 Major Pumps (The New Orleans Solution) $58,332,852 $1,530,358,919 $76,500,000 $1,269,520,000 $2,157,450,984 $69,770,641 $1,554,071,794 $91,500,000 $1,269,520,000 $3,773,093,875 $77,777,108 $1,569,436,395 $102,000,000 $1,269,520,000 $3,868,536,601

28

29 Explicitly indicate in local master plans, (Comprehensive Plans), which areas will retain natural shorelines.

30 Constrain locations for certain high risk infrastructure

31 September 2004

32

33 Restrict Fertilizer Use

34 Promote green building alternatives through education, taxing incentives, and green lending.

35 Drought Preparedness Planning

36 Prioritized Vulnerabilities The top consensus adaptations for each area of vulnerability include: 1. Fish and Wildlife Habitat Degradation; 1. Seagrass protection and restoration 2. Inadequate Water Supply; 2. Xeriscaping and native plant landscaping. 3. Flooding; 3. Explicitly indicating in the comprehensive plan which areas will retain natural shorelines. 4. Unchecked or Unmanaged Growth; 4. Constraining locations for certain high risk infrastructure 5. Water Quality Degradation; 5. Restrict fertilizer use. 6. Education and Economy and Lack of Funds; 6. Promote green building alternatives through education, taxing incentives, green lending. 7. Fire; 7. Drought preparedness planning 8. Availability of Insurance. 8. Implementation of the other adaptations, particularly 3 and 4.

37

38

39 The recommended adaptations can easily be incorporated by education programs, ordinance, or comprehensive plan additions/amendments in the normal course of City of Punta Gorda plan reviews and updates. The identified adaptations do not constitute a cultural change for the City but rather a continuation of a general progressive approach undertaken by the City to improve and enhance its resource base and standard of living.

40 Adopted November 18, 2009

41 Model Ordinances/Comp Plan (CRE ) CHNEP organizing local land use planners and elected officials and EPA staff to outline comprehensive plan and ordinance language to improve community resiliency. Punta Gorda partnered with University of Florida Law School to develop comprehensive plan and ordinance language to implement Adaptation Plan Comp Plan GOP language/workshop UF language, DCA consideration, Titus Presentation

42 Goal 4: [Managed Relocation] To Reduce vulnerability in the built environment and preserve coastal ecosystems through changes in land use and the orderly abandonment and /or landward relocation of structures and associated infrastructure

43 Lee County Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment Characterizes current Lee County climate Assesses significant potential climate changes and their effects in Lee County Suggests methods for prioritizing vulnerabilities

44 Resiliency Strategy Outlines the essential elements of a resiliency strategy Summarizes vulnerabilities Summarizes input received from Lee County leadership and constitutional officers Identifies strategies that Lee County could pursue to increase resiliency to the identified vulnerabilities Identifies ways to incorporate climate change resiliency into the LeePlan Outlines monitoring and evaluation strategies

45 Implementation in Lee County Resiliency strategies incorporated into EAR and Comprehensive Plan revisions Development of LEED certified county facilities Development of biofuels Major energy efficiency effort in county facilities Establishment of an Office of Sustainability Lee County Public Safety Building with solar array

46 Total Ecosystem Value Comparison in 2012 Dollars Year TEV Difference 2012 $7,033,362, Future Land Use Map 2030 Future Land Use with 1 foot of Sea Level Rise $5,146,537, % loss $4,184,956, % loss

47 Current Measured Sea Level Rise Rates Location Rate in MM/YR Years to 1 foot Years to 2 feet Years to 3 feet Fort Myers Sarasota St. Petersburg Worst Case Scenario Location Rate in MM/YR Year at 1 foot Year at 2 feet Year at 3 feet Fort Myers Sarasota St. Petersburg Worst Case Scenario

48

49 Sea Level Rise Projections at Pelican Cove, Sarasota County

50

51 Tree Response to High Winds and Hurricanes

52 Copies of the SWFRPC Climate Change reports are available on-line at Beever, III, J.W., W. Gray, D. Trescott, D. Cobb, J. Utley and L. B. Beever Comprehensive Southwest Florida/Charlotte Harbor Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment. Southwest Florida Regional Planning Council and Charlotte Harbor National Estuary Program, Technical Report 09-3, 298 pages. Beever, III, J.W., W. Gray, D. Trescott, D. Cobb, J. Utley David Hutchinson, John Gibbons, Moji Abimbola and L. B. Beever, Judy Ott Adaptation Plan for the City of Punta Gorda. Southwest Florida Regional Planning Council and Charlotte Harbor National Estuary Program, Technical Report 09-4, 406 pages. Adopted by the City of Punta Gorda on November 18, Beever III, J.W., W. Gray, D. Trescott, D. Cobb, J. Utley, D. Crawford, and D. Hutchinson Lee County Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment. Southwest Florida Regional Planning Council. 226 pp. Beever III, J.W., W. Gray, D. Trescott, J. Utley, D. Hutchinson, Tim Walker, D. Cobb Lee County Climate Change Resiliency Strategy. Southwest Florida Regional Planning Council. 163 pp. Beever III, J.W., W. Gray, L. Beever, Beever, Lisa, B., D. Cobb, Walker, Tim Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment and Adaptation Opportunities for Salt Marsh Types in Southwest Florida. 379 pp. Beever III, J.W., Walker, Tim Estimating and Forecasting Ecosystem Services within Pine Island Sound, Sanibel Island, Captiva Island, North Captiva Island, Cayo Costa Island, Useppa Island, Other Islands of the Sound, and the Nearshore Gulf of Mexico. 46 pp.

53 Presenter Contact: James (Jim) W. Beever III 1400 Colonial Boulevard, Suite 1 Fort Myers FL / ext 224 Fax 239/ , jbeever@swfrpc.org