DEVELOPMENTS IN NEURAL NETWORKS AND EVOLUTIONARY COMPUTING FOR CIVIL AND STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING

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1 DEVELOPMENTS IN NEURAL NETWORKS AND EVOLUTIONARY COMPUTING FOR CIVIL AND STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING

3 DEVELOPMENTS IN NEURAL NETWORKS AND EVOLUTIONARY COMPUTING FOR CIVIL AND STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING Edited by B. H. K Topping CIVIL-COMP PRESS

4 CIVIL-COMP PRESS 10 Saxe-Coburg Place Edinburgh, EH3 5BR, UK , Civil- Comp Limited British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library ISBN Printed in the Scottish Borders by MEIGLE PRINTERS LIMITED Galashiels, Scotland

5 1 NEURAL NETWORK APPLICATIONS IN ENGINEERING STRUCTURAL ASSESSMENT 1.1 INTEGRITY TESTING OF CONCRETE SURFACES USING ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS, R. Begum, D. Chamberlain and A. Hirson, Construction Robotics Unit, City University, London, 1.2 THE USE OF ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS IN PILE INTEGRITY TESTING, J.N. Watson, C.A. Fairfield, C. Wan and A. Sibbald, Department of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Napier University, Edinburgh, UK USE OF NEURAL NETWORKS FOR FAULT IDENTIFICATION IN A BEAM STRUCTURE, I. Takahashi and T. Yoshioka, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kanagawa Institute of Technology, Kanagawa-ken, Japan....l5 2 NEURAL NETWORK APPLICATIONS IN STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS AND DESIGN 2.1 NEURAL NETWORK-BASED APPROXIMATIONS FOR STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS, W.M. Jenkins, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK COMPUTING IN STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING, Pan Zeng, Institute B of Mechanics, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany MODELLING OF NON-LINEAR STRUCTURES USING RECURRENT NEURAL NETWORKS, P.H. Qrkegaard, Department of Building Technology and Structural Engineering, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark NEURAL NETWORK APPLICATIONS TO FINITE ELEMENT PROBLEMS 3.1 MULTIVARIATE MODELLING OF FEM DATA USING NEURAL NETWORKS, A.T.C. Goh, K.S. Wong and B.B. Broms, School of Civil and Structural Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore..... S9 3.2 SUBDOMAIN GENERATION USING PARALLEL Q-STATE POTTS NEURAL NETWORKS, B.H.V. Topping and A. Bahreininejad, Department of Mechanical and Chemical Engineering, Heriot- Watt University, Edinburgh, UK NEURAL NETWORK APPLICATIONS IN CONTROL 4.1 NEURAL-NETWORK CONTROL OF LARGE FLEXIBLE MANIPULATOR SYSTEMS, USING THE CEREBELLAR MODEL ARITHMETIC COMPUTER, C.J. Macnab and G.M.T. DIEleuterio, Institute for Aerospace Studies, University of Toronto, Downsview, Canada NEURAL NETWORK APPLICATIONS IN CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING 5.1 AN INNOVATIVE APPROACH TO TRAINING NEURAL NETWORKS FOR STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT OF CONSTRUCTION FIRMS, A.W.R. Slicher, P. Vakalis and G. Singh, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK... 87

6 5.2 FORMULATION OF THE WEIGHT-MATRIX OF A NEURAL NETWORK FOR RESOURCE LEVELING, D. Savin, S. Alkass and P. Fazio, Centre for Building Studies, Concordia University, Montreal, Canada LIFE TIME COSTS FOR FACILITIES, J. Christian and A.N. Pandeya, Department of Civil Engineering, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, Canada AN EVALUATION STUDY OF NEURAL NETWORK AND HEURISTIC APPROACHES TO CONSTRUCTION RESOURCE PLANNING, N.N. Dawood, Division of Civil Engineering and Building, University of Teesside, Middlesbrough, UK NEURAL NETWORK APPLICATIONS IN CIVIL ENGINEERING 6.1 ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS IN HYDRO-METEOROLOGICAL MODELLING, A.W. Jayawardena and D.A.K. Fernando, Department of Civil and Structural Engineering, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong EVALUATION OF SEISMIC LIQCTEFACTION USING NEURAL NETWORKS, A.T.C. Goh, School of Civil and Structural Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore NEURAL NETWORKS FOR MULTIOBJECTIVE AND MULTIRESOURCE DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM, X. Wei and G. Singh, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK GENETIC ALGORITHMS IN STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING 7.1 THE ESTIMATION OF PARTIAL STRING FITNESSES IN THE GENETIC ALGORITHM, W.M. Jenkins, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK IMPROVED GENETIC OPERATORS FOR STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING OPTIMIZATION, J.P.B. Leite and B.H.V. Topping, Department of Mechanical and Chemical Engineering, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK AN INTEGRATED SHAPE OPTIMIZATION APPROACH USING GENETIC ALGORITHMS AND FUZZY RULE-BASED SYSTEM, Jiaping Yang and Chee Kiong Soh, School of Civil and Structural Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore ADAPTIVE SEARCH TO ASSIST IN THE CONCEPTUAL DESIGN OF CONCRETE BUILDINGS, J. Mathews and M.Y. Rafiq, School of Civil and Structural Engineering, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK....l79 8 EVOLUTIONARY A1,GORITHMS IN CIVIL ENGINEERING 8.1 GENERAL GENETIC ALGORITHMS AND SIMULATED ANNEALING PERTURBATION OF THE GRADIENT METHOD WITH A FIXED PARAMETER, J.E. Souza de Cursi and M.B.S. Cortes, I.M.R. - INSA de Rouen, France DIVERSE EVOLUTIONARY SEARCH FOR PRELIMINARY WHOLE SYSTEM DESIGN, I.C. Pannee, Plymouth Engineering Design Centre, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK APPLICATION OF GENETIC ALGORITHMS AND EXPERT SYSTEMS TO DESIGN AND PLANNING OF SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL, M. Hirokane*, H. Furuta* and H. Habara#, *Faculty of Informatics, Kansai University, Osaka, Japan, #Environment Technique Section, Fukken Co., Ltd., Hiroshima, Japan

This volume contains a selection of the papers presented at the Sixth International Conference on Civil and Structural Engineering Computing and the Fourth International Conference on the Application

7 This volume contains a selection of the papers presented at the Sixth International Conference on Civil and Structural Engineering Computing and the Fourth International Conference on the Application of Artificial Intelligence to Civil and Structural Engineering held in Cambridge, England, between 28th-30th August Other papers from these conferences are published in: Developments in Computer Aided Design and Modelling for Civil Engineering, Civil-Comp Press, 1995, ISBN Developments in Computer Aided Design and Modelling for Structural Engineering Civil-Comp Press, 1995, ISBN Developments in Computational Techniques for Civil Engineering, Civil Comp Press, 1995, ISBN Developments in Computational Techniques for Structural Engineering, Civil Comp Press, 1995, ISBN Developments in Artificial Intelligence for Civil and Structural Engineering, Civil-Comp Press, 1995, ISBN I should like to thank all the authors for their contribution and in particular those who personally presented their papers in Cambridge. I should also like to thank the members of the Conference Editorial Boards who helped in many ways before and during the conferences. The members of the CIVIL-COMP95 Conference Editorial Board were: Professor H. Adeli, USA; Professor N. Akkas, Turkey; Professor M.R. Barnes, UK; Professor J.W. Baugh, USA; Professor C. Bedard, Canada; Dr P. Bhatt, UK; Dr.-Ing. K.-U. Bletzinger, Germany; Dr J.W. Bull, UK; Professor J. Christian, Canada; Professor M.B. Fuchs, Israel; Professor B.M. Das, USA; Professor D.E. Grierson, Canada; Professor D.V. Griffiths, USA; Professor Dr.-Ing. D. Hartmann, Germany; Professor E. Hinton, UK; Professor K. Hover, USA; Professor W.M. Jenkins, UK; Professor A. Kaveh, Iran; Professor U. Kirsch, Israel; Professor J.G. Laguros, USA; Dr R. Levy, USA; Professor I.A. MacLeod, UK; Professor P.H. McDonald, USA; Dr J. Miles, UK; Professor F. Molenkamp, LTK; Professor M. Papadrakakis, Greece; Professor M. Pastor, Spain; Dr M.N. Pavlovic, UK; Dr V. Peshkam, UK; Professor S. Pietruszczak, Canada; Professor D. Potts, UK; Professor R.M. Richard, USA; Professor R.L. Sack, USA; Professor M.P. Saka, Bahrain; Professor A. Sarnartin, Spain; Professor N. Shiraishi, Japan; Professor I.M. Smith, UK; Dr G. Singh, UK; Professor H. Sugimoto, Japan; D. Taffs, UK; Professor A.B. Templeman, LTK; Dr D.G. Toll, UK; Professor N.S. Trahair, Australia; Dr G.J. Turvey, UK; Dr A.S. Watson, UK; Dr F.L.A. Wong, UK; Dr P.K. Woodward, UK; and Professor Y.-B. Yang, Republic of China. The members of the Artificial Intelligence CIVIL-COMP95 Conference Editorial Board were: Professor S. Alkass, Canada; Dr M. Alshawi, UK; Professor T. Arciszewski, USA; Professor D.I. Blockley, UK; Dr D.A. Bradley, UK; Dr W.T. Chan, Singapore; T. Cornick, UK; Dr E.G. Davey-Wilson, UK; E.W. East, USA; Professor P. Fazio, Canada; Professor S.J. Fenves, USA; Dr R. Fruchter, USA; Professor H. Furuta, Japan; Professor J.S. Gero, Australia; Dr A. Goh, Australia; Professor W.J. Grenney, USA; Professor P. Hajela, USA; Dr B. Heydecker, UK; Dr P. Jayachandran, USA; K. Kahkonen, Finland; Dr P.H. Kirkegaard, Denmark; Professor C.S. Krishnamoorthy, India; Dr B. Kumar, UK; Professor K.H. Law, USA; Dr M.J. Mawdesley, UK; Dr T.J. McCarthy, UK; Dr C.T. Moore, UK; Dr J. Oliphant, UK; Dr I.C. Parmee, UK; Dr S. Rowlinson, Hong Kong; Professor G.G. Roy, Australia; Dr I.F.C. Smith, Switzerland; Dr C.K. Soh, Singapore; Professor C.A. Syrmakezis, Greece; Professor G. Yagawa, Japan; Professor K. Zreik, France; and Dr T. Zimmermann, Switzerland, I also wish to thank all at Civil-Comp Press for their help and perseverance in the realisation of these conferences particularly Maisie Sales and Szandra Koves. I am grateful also for the assistance of members of the Structural Engineering Computational Technology Research Group at Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, is particularly J6nos Sziveri, Peter Iv6nyi and Biao Cheng. I should also like to thank all those who made possible my recent move from the Department of Civil and Offshore Engineering to the Department of Mechanical and Chemical Engineering, Heriot-Watt University. My interest in all aspects of the use of computers in civil and structural engineering is undiminished by this move and I look forward to more conferences on this theme. Barry Topping Department of Mechanical and Chemical Engineering Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh July 1995

DEVELOPMENTS IN COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN AND MODELLING FOR CIVIL ENGINEERING

DEVELOPMENTS IN COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN AND MODELLING FOR CIVIL ENGINEERING DEVELOPMENTS IN COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN AND MODELLING FOR CIVIL ENGINEERING Edited by B. H. K Topping CIVIL-COMP PRESS CIVIL-COMP