TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER TITLE PAGE DECLARATION DEDICATION ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ABSTRACT ABSTRAK

Transcription

1 vii TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER TITLE PAGE DECLARATION DEDICATION ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ABSTRACT ABSTRAK TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES LIST OF TABLES LIST OF ACROYMS LIST OF APPENDIXES ii iii iv v vi vii xi xiv xiv xv 1 INTRODUCTION Background Problem Statement Research Gap Aim and Objectives Research Questions Scope of Study Research Significance Research Methodology 9

2 viii 2 LITERATURE REVIEW Introduction Skywalk System in Aspect of Physical Context The History of the Skywalk System The Composition of the Skywalk System The Function of the Skywalk Bridge space The Features of the Skywalk System Case Studies: Learning from Foreign 21 Counterparts 2.2 Skywalk System in the Context of Activity Generations Walking and Public Space Public Space and Human Activities The Factors of Affecting the Public Space Skywalk System in the Context of Compact City Walkable Neighborhoods in Compact City The Life Safety and the Compact City The Leisure Functions and the Compact City The Urban Image and the Compact City The CBD Development and the Compact City The Controversial Aspect of Skywalk System Impact on Street-Level Commercial Inhumane street environment Urban Design and City Image Issues on Traffic Summary 56 3 METHODOLOGY Introduction Study Area Background of the Hong Kong Location of the Study Area 62

3 ix Background of the Study Area Physical Characteristics of the Selected Site Methodology of Analysis Data Collection Questionnaire Response Interview Site Observation and Survey Documentation Instrumentation Description Analyze 83 4 CASES STUDY AND ANALYSIS Introduction The Evolution of Urban Skywalk Space in Hong Walking Space Transform from Single Linear 86 to Cyberspace The Function of Space Transform from Simple 88 to Compound Space Shaping Transform from Internal to 91 External Connection Pattern Transform from Single to 94 Diversity Traffic Organization Transform from Simple to 99 Three-dimensional Human Activities Transform from Independent to Interaction Findings in the Walking Experience in Hong Kong General Trends of Work-Related Trips The Factors Affecting the Quality of Walking Walking as a Form of Leisure and Skywalk System as a good public space 111

4 x 4.3 Summary CONCLUSION Introduction Summary of the Finding with Regard to the Skywalk 119 System 5.2 Recommendation for the Improvement of Skywalk System Improve the Attractiveness of the Footbridges Expand the Functions and Effect of 121 Footbridge Construct Synchronously the Footbridges of Skywalk System and Architecture Expected Further Research Conclusions 123 REFERENCE 126 APPENDIX 132

5 xi LIST OF FIGURES FIGURE NO. TITLE PAGE 1.1 Overall Research Method Flow Chart Cincinnati Central Business District, second-story public 15 space pedestrian plans 2.2 Some examples of Skywalk System System relationship between Skywalk system and Public 20 space and Architecture 2.4 View of Minneapolis Skywalk Japan Makuhari district Schematic View of Hong Kong Skywalk system The hierarchy of walking needs on walking experience 27 and infrastructure expectations 2.8 The influence of People s usage in pleasant public space TOD mode Draws of the system Needs for Improvement Map of Asia showing Hong Kong s location, together 59 with other major countries/cities in the region 3.2 Location of the selected site White-collar employees and tourist in Hong Kong 65

6 xii 3.4 Schematic illustration of Hong Kong s hub and spoke 66 transportation system and the transfer opportunities 3.5 Hong Kong s Climate Hong Kong s Weather Daytime view of Central Central of Hong Kong Skywalk Map Nowadays Exterior of the Footbridge in CBD Interior of the Footbridge in CBD Connection of Metro station and building Skyscrapers in Hong Kong CBD Shopping Mall in CBD Open Spaces relate to Skywalk System in CBD Methodology for assessing of Skywalk System in Hong 77 Kong CBD 4.1 Schematic Network Diagram of the Central Elevated 87 Skywalk System 4.2 Tourist Map by Government Hall space in the second-story Open space on the ground floor Urban Landscape with Skywalk System Interior space shaping Exterior space shaping Multi-tiered square space shaping Organization structure of Connaught Road Central Exchange Square Building Platform The Perspective and Floor Plan of Landmark Square Organization structure of The Landmark Skywalk System Diversity connection of the skywalk system to the 98 buildings 4.14 Organization structure of IFC Mall Three-dimensional Traffic Organizations 100

7 xiii 4.16 Activities happen in the Skywalk System Environment Travel modes of commuting to work The time spent on walking for work every day The time spent on walking for work every day The factors affecting the quality of walking The Factors Affecting the Quality of Walking The choice of walking environment (morning) The choice of walking environment (whole day) Where Hong Kong citizen prefer to be for leisure 112 activities and what they desire from these leisure destinations 4.25 Festive atmosphere in the Skywalk System space Hall as open space in the skywalk system 114

8 xiv LIST OF TABLES TABLE NO. TITLE PAGE 3.1 Net residential densities in international cities The total amount of office and the vacancy rate of Hong 64 Kong 3.3 Hong Kong's industrial and information service 65 employment compared 3.4 Method for survey of physical evidence of the skywalk system 81 LIST OF ABBREVIATION MTR Mass Transit Railway (Hong Kong s Metro System) POB Pedestrian Overhead Bridge WEXiHK Walking Experience in Hong Kong (Survey)

9 xv LIST OF APPENDIX APPENDIX NO. TITLE PAGE A WEXiHK survey Questionnaire-English 132 B WEXiHK survey Questionnaire-Chinese 135 C Questionnaire (Semi-Structure Interview) -English 138 D Questionnaire (Semi-Structure Interview) -Chinese 140 E WEXiHK survey Result 142 F Statistics of Selected Cities 147