Tower Fire Salvage and Reforestation Project

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Tower Fire Salvage and Reforestation Project"

Transcription

1 Tower Fire Salvage and Reforestation Project Scenery Report Prepared by: Morai Helfen Forest Landscape Architect for: Priest Lake Ranger District Idaho Panhandle National Forests Date March 26, 2016

2 In accordance with Federal civil rights law and U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) civil rights regulations and policies, the USDA, its Agencies, offices, and employees, and institutions participating in or administering USDA programs are prohibited from discriminating based on race, color, national origin, religion, sex, gender identity (including gender expression), sexual orientation, disability, age, marital status, family/parental status, income derived from a public assistance program, political beliefs, or reprisal or retaliation for prior civil rights activity, in any program or activity conducted or funded by USDA (not all bases apply to all programs). Remedies and complaint filing deadlines vary by program or incident. Persons with disabilities who require alternative means of communication for program information (e.g., Braille, large print, audiotape, American Sign Language, etc.) should contact the responsible Agency or USDA s TARGET Center at (202) (voice and TTY) or contact USDA through the Federal Relay Service at (800) Additionally, program information may be made available in languages other than English. To file a program discrimination complaint, complete the USDA Program Discrimination Complaint Form, AD-3027, found online at and at any USDA office or write a letter addressed to USDA and provide in the letter all of the information requested in the form. To request a copy of the complaint form, call (866) Submit your completed form or letter to USDA by: (1) mail: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Office of the Assistant Secretary for Civil Rights, 1400 Independence Avenue, SW, Washington, D.C ; (2) fax: (202) ; or (3) program.intake@usda.gov. USDA is an equal opportunity provider, employer and lender.

3 Table of Contents Introduction... 1 Relevant Laws, Regulations, and Policy... 1 Regulatory Framework... 1 Topics and Issues Addressed in This Analysis... 3 Purpose and Need... 3 Issues... 3 Resource Indicators and Measures... 3 Methodology and Information Sources... 4 Spatial and Temporal Context for Effects Analysis... 5 Affected Environment... 6 Existing Condition... 6 Summary of Resource Indicators for Existing Conditions... 9 Environmental Consequences... 9 Alternative 1 No Action... 9 Environmental Consequences Common to Alternatives 2 and Alternative 2 Proposed Action Alternative Cumulative Effects for Alternatives 2 and Summary of Environmental Effects Compliance with Forest Plan and Other Relevant Laws, Regulations, Policies and Plans Glossary References Cited Tables Table 1. Resource indicators and measures for assessing effects to scenery... 4 Table 2. Resource indicators and measures for the existing condition... 9 Table 3. Resource indicators and measures for alternatives 2 and 3direct/indirect effects Table 4: Cumulative effects project list Figures Figure 1: Tower Project area showing sensitive viewing areas and proposed harvest units... 6 Figure 2: Alternative 2 with SIO and Concern Level for the Tower Project area Figure 3: Simulation of view looking southwest from southern end of Concern Level 1 Trail Figure 4: Simulation of view looking west from Concern Level 1 use area Bartoo Bay boat dock Figure 5: View from intersection of Concern Level 3 Squaw Valley Road and Forest Service Road 658 looking northwest Figure 6: Alternative 3 with SIO and Concern Levels for the Tower Project area Figure 7: Simulation of view looking southeast from southern end of Concern Level 1 Trail 197, under Alternative Figure 8: View from intersection of Concern Level 3 Squaw Valley Road and Forest Service Road 659 looking northwest i

4 Introduction The intent of this report is to analyze how the scenic resources of the project area could be affected by the management action proposed by the Idaho Panhandle National Forests. To analyze the visual impacts, photos were taken by interdisciplinary team members from sensitive viewsheds during site visits in areas where visitors and recreationists frequent, and then compared to visual simulations performed in Google Earth. Numerous viewpoints were reviewed to determine impacts to scenery within the project area over the short-term (within approximately 5 years of project completion), mid-term (approximately 5 to 25 years) and long-term (25 to 30+ years). This report analyzes the effects of all elements of the action alternatives. All elements of the salvage sale could potentially affect the scenic resources found within the project area. The scenic resources related to the project area are directly related to the purpose and need of the project because they relate to increasing species diversity, which can in turn benefit the scenic integrity of the landscape. The Tower Fire Salvage and Reforestation Project description states that one of the purposes of this project is to: Re-establish and restore forested conditions to trend the project area towards Forest Plan desired conditions; in particular, increase the representation of early seral conifer species such as western white pine, ponderosa pine, and western larch. The Scenery Management System (SMS) recognizes natural disturbance processes such as fire, insects, and disease, to be part of the natural landscape and play an important role in maintaining healthy, sustainable, and scenic landscapes. These disturbance regimes are evaluated as part of an evolving landscape and can create positive changes to the scenic integrity of a landscape. A more diverse mosaic of vegetation, increased species diversity, and diversity of age classes are all potential results of natural disturbance processes that will be compared with positive attributes defined in the desired landscape character descriptions. The SMS also recognizes that without these disturbance processes, the likelihood of catastrophic events is increased and the resulting landscape will likely not meet established desired conditions for vegetation, scenery, or other natural resources. Relevant Laws, Regulations, and Policy The regulatory framework providing direction for the management of the scenery resource on the Idaho Panhandle National Forests and relevant to this analysis includes the Land and Resource Management Plan and Department of Agriculture Handbook. These will be discussed in the following sections. Regulatory Framework Land and Resource Management Plan The Idaho Panhandle National Forests (IPNF) Land and Resource Management Plan (Forest Plan) provides desired conditions, and guidelines for scenic resources within the project area. These include forest wide and management area guidelines. There are no scenery related monitoring requirements contained in the Forest Plan. Desired Condition The desired future condition for scenery has been developed over time through forest wide and local planning efforts. The desired condition for scenic quality within the area of interest would be to retain the existing landscape character and maintain the designated scenic integrity objectives for travel corridors and use areas. 1

5 The Forest Plan provides the following general direction related to scenery in the project area: FW-DC-AR-02. The scenic resources of the IPNF complement the recreation settings and experiences while reflecting healthy and sustainable ecosystem conditions. FW-DC-AR-04.Provide year-round outdoor recreation opportunities and experiences in a range of settings as described by the recreation opportunity spectrum (ROS). FW-DC-VEG-05. The pattern of forest conditions across the landscapes consists of a range of patch sizes that have a diversity of successional stages, densities, and compositions. Formerly extensive, homogenous patches of forests that are dominated by species and size classes that are very susceptible to disturbance agents have been diversified. Generally, there is an increase in the size of forest patches that are dominated by trees in the seedling/sapling size class, as well as in the large size class. There is a decrease in the size of the patches that are dominated by trees in the small and medium size classes Guidelines According to the Forest Plan, a project or activity must be consistent with all guidelines applicable to the type of project or activity and its location in the planning area. A project or activity is consistent with a guideline in either of two ways: (1) the project or activity is designed in accordance with the guideline; or, (2) a project or activity design varies from the guideline, but is as effective in meeting the intent or achieving the purpose of that guideline. The Forest Plan provides the following guidelines for scenery in the project area: FW-GDL-AR-01. Management activities should be consistent with the mapped scenic integrity objective, see Plan set of documents. The scenic integrity objective is High to Very High for scenic travel routes, including the Pacific Northwest National Scenic Trail, designated Scenic Byways, and National Recreation Trails. FW-GDL-TBR-01. Timber harvest on other than suitable lands may occur for such purposes as salvage, fuels management, insect and disease mitigation, protection or enhancement of biodiversity or wildlife habitat, or to perform research or administrative studies, or recreation and scenic-resource management consistent with other management direction. Management Area The project area falls within the General Forest Management Area (MA6). The desired condition for this MA includes the following direction: MA6-GDL-AR-05. Management activities should be consistent with the Scenic Integrity Objective of Low to High. Relevant Laws, Regulations and Policy Department of Agriculture Handbook 701, Landscape Aesthetics: A Handbook for Scenery Management Guidelines for scenery management are provided by the Scenery Management System (SMS) found in the Department of Agriculture Handbook 701, Landscape Aesthetics: A Handbook for Scenery Management (USDA, 1995). Project level analysis was completed in accordance with this direction. Forest Service Manual (FSM 2380) provides additional guidance for scenery management (FSM , 05/02/2003). FSM 2380 revises direction throughout the chapter to be consistent with the 2

6 procedures and guidance in Agriculture Handbook (AH) 701 (Vol. 2, Ch. 1 in the National Forest Landscape Management Series), Landscape Aesthetics: A Handbook for Scenery Management. Specific scenic resource management direction is provided by the 2015 Revision of the Forest Plan, and is described in terms Scenic Integrity Objectives (SIO). Forest Plan SIO guidelines were based on the Visual Management System described in Agriculture Handbook Number 462, National Forest Landscape Management, Volume 2 (available in the project record). The visual management system was revised in 1995, and is now known as the Scenery Management System. Topics and Issues Addressed in This Analysis Purpose and Need The scenic resources related to the project area are directly related to the purpose and need of the project because they relate to increasing species diversity and reestablishing forested conditions, which can in turn benefit the scenic integrity (degree of intactness) of the landscape. The Tower Fire Salvage and Reforestation Project Description states that one of the purposes of this project is to: Re-establish and restore forested conditions to trend the project area towards Forest Plan desired conditions; in particular, increase the representation of early seral conifer species such as western white pine, ponderosa pine, and western larch. Issues Analysis issues related to scenery include: Would the proposed management activities affect the intrinsic scenic beauty of the project area (the Scenic Attractiveness)? Would proposed management activities affect the viewshed in the foreground, middleground or background (distance zones) from sensitive travelways and use areas (high concern level areas) within the project area? Would the proposed management activities affect the degree of intactness of valued landscape character attributes associated with the landscape character of the area, resulting in a decrease in scenic integrity (not meeting the SIO)? Resource Indicators and Measures This analysis considers the landscape character of the project area, the existing condition (existing scenic integrity), and the objectives for scenery (SIO) assigned by the Forest Plan. Scenic Integrity Objectives represent the level of integrity (degree of acceptable alteration) to be achieved within the natural and cultural features of the area. Although management activities may alter the scenic integrity of the landscape, proposals must be consistent with the SIO assigned in the Forest Plan. SIO provide measurable standards for scenery management in conjunction with demands for goods and services from the Forest. Scenic resource management is integral to all management areas and implied in all management goals. Scenic analysis considers the landscape character and appearance of the surrounding natural landscape and the SIO of areas proposed for treatments as assigned under the current Forest Plan. SIO are a desired level of scenic quality and diversity of natural features based on physiological and sociological characteristics of an area, and refers to the degree of acceptable alterations of the landscape. 3

7 Effects to the scenic resources are discussed in general terms and whether or not the proposed activities would meet the prescribed SIO. Resource indicators and measures are listed in Table 1 for the Tower Salvage and Reforestation Project. The frame of reference for evaluating the condition of the attributes is contained in the landscape character description. Below is a brief description of each Scenic Integrity Objective. Very High: Landscape character largely intact, with only minute if any deviations. High: Management activities are unnoticed and the landscape character appears intact or unaltered. Moderate: Management activities are noticeable, but subordinate to the landscape character. Landscape character appears slightly altered. Low: Management activities are evident and sometimes dominate the landscape character. Design features are used to repeat the line, form, color and texture of the landscape character. Table 1. Resource indicators and measures for assessing effects to scenery Resource Element / Potential Issue Resource Indicator Measure Indicator Source Scenic Integrity Scenic Integrity Objectives (SIO) very high, high, moderate or low. Visibility Concern Levels 1, 2, or 3 (1 being the highest) Scenic Attractiveness Distance Zones Foreground (up to 1/2 mile from the viewer), Middleground (up to 4 miles), and Background (4 miles from the viewer to the horizon). Scenic Attractiveness Class (intrinsic scenic beauty of the project area): Class A (Distinctive), B (Typical), or C (Indistinctive). Degree of intactness of attributes described in the Landscape Character Description considering proposed activities, design features, and mitigation measures. Identify sensitive viewing/use areas and then determine whether proposed management activities would meet the assigned SIO within each distance zone considering its concern level (degree of public importance placed on landscapes from travel ways and use areas). Determine whether proposed management activities would meet the assigned Scenic Attractiveness Class, considering design features, and mitigation measures Forest Plan (2015 Revision) FW-DC-AR-02, FW-GDL- AR-01, MA6-GDL-AR-05; FSM 2380 and Handbook 701 USDA FS HB 701, Landscape Aesthetics, A handbook for Scenery Management FSM 2380 and Handbook 701 USDA FS HB 701, Landscape Aesthetics, A handbook for Scenery Management FSM 2380 and Handbook 701 USDA FS HB 701, Landscape Aesthetics, A handbook for Scenery Management Methodology and Information Sources The management of scenic resources is integral to providing quality recreation settings and opportunities, as well as contributing to the quality of life and mental well-being of forest visitors. General direction for scenery management is provided by the SMS found in the Department of Agriculture Handbook 701, Landscape Aesthetics: A Handbook for Scenery Management (USDA, 1995). The Scenery Management 4

8 System is a systematic approach to inventory, analyze, and monitor scenic resources. The system is used in the context of ecosystem management to determine the relative value and importance of scenery, assist in establishing overall resource objectives, and ensure high-quality scenery for future generations. Specific scenic resource management direction is provided by the Forest Plan, and is described in terms of SIO. The SIO guidelines were based on the Visual Management System described in Agriculture Handbook Number 462, National Forest Landscape Management, Volume 2 (USDA, 1995). However, the Visual Management System was revised in 1995, and is now known as the Scenery Management System. Field reconnaissance for sensitive viewsheds as seen from use areas designated as having a high concern level in this portion of the project area was not performed. In order to address the gap in information, effects of proposed activities in this area were evaluated via photographs taken by other field-going specialists and Google Earth graphic simulations. Due to the technological limitations of the Google Earth software, assumptions were made that views to the proposed activities were not blocked by terrain and vegetation. If views to proposed vegetative treatments and road construction from sensitive viewsheds in the project area later prove to be blocked by landforms and/or vegetation in the foreground, these activities would be considered to be in compliance with the SIO. Existing scenic resource conditions were determined through on-the-ground surveys completed by interdisciplinary team members and from the BAER Kaniksu Fire Recreation Report (available in the project record). Points on SIO maps with direct line of site to treatment units were identified. Units were observed from these locations, using unit maps and Google Earth (Google Inc. 2016). Proposed harvest activities are found in all viewing zones when viewed from key viewpoints. Treatment units for each alternative were imported into Google Earth and draped over the landscape. Units were then viewed from ground level or street view at a variety of representative sensitive locations. Spatial and Temporal Context for Effects Analysis Direct/Indirect Effects Boundaries The spatial boundaries for analyzing the direct and indirect effects to the scenic resource include all areas visible from high concern level use areas and travel ways both within and outside the area of interest. These areas have a high concern level because they are in areas where forest users are found to congregate, travel and/or have high concern for scenic resources. Such sensitive viewing locations would be effected by the proposed management activities because these activities would have the potential to be seen in the foreground, middleground and background viewing zones. High concern level use areas and points of interest for the Tower Fire Salvage and Reforestation Project (Tower Project) include: Pelke Warming Hut, Trail 197, Squaw Valley Road and Forest Service Road 659 intersection, Bartoo Island Boat Dock, Kings Lake Snowmobile Trail System vista point, and the South Baldy Trailhead and Parking area. These areas are shown in relation to the project area in Figure 1. Direct and indirect effects analysis focuses on the viewshed within which the proposed activities can be seen, and the extent proposed treatment units affect the SIO assigned to that piece of ground. The temporal boundaries for analyzing the direct and indirect effects is limited to the 25 to 30 years following harvest activities because this is the length of time openings created by salvage harvest are likely to be evident. 5

9 Figure 1: Tower Project area showing sensitive viewing areas and proposed harvest units Cumulative Effects Boundaries Spatial and temporal boundaries set the limits for selecting the actions most likely to contribute to cumulative effects (FSH , 15.2). The cumulative effects area is similar to that for the direct and indirect effects, except that it takes into account the entire viewshed, as opposed to focusing on the individual units and surrounding area The temporal boundaries for analyzing the cumulative effects is limited to the 25 to 30 years following harvest activities because this is the length of time openings created by salvage harvest are likely to be evident. Affected Environment Existing Condition The Tower Salvage and Reforestation Project lies within the Priest Geographic Area (GA) within Pend Oreille County in Washington. British Columbia borders the Priest GA on the north. The Project area is situated within the Tower Fire footprint consisting of 11,472 acres in Townships T35N-R45E, T35N- R44E, T34N-R45E, and T34N-R44E in Pend Oreille County, Washington. In 2015, nearly 300 wildfires impacted several thousands of acres of national forests in northern Idaho. One such event, the Kaniksu Complex, consisted of several fires on the Priest Lake Ranger District as well as the Newport-Sullivan Lake Ranger Districts on the Colville National Forest in Forest Service, Region 6. Many of the fires in the complex were successfully contained and caused little resource damage; however, the Tower Fire escaped initial attack and was still burning actively into October. The Tower Fire burned with varying severity, leaving a mosaic of burn patterns that range from unburned islands to areas where tree crowns were completely consumed. Some stands of timber may have green crowns, but will eventually die as a result of the extreme heat and root exposure to fire. 6

10 Landscape Character Landscape Character is described as a combination of the scenic, cultural and ecological attributes that make each landscape identifiable or unique. Landscape Character creates a Sense of Place, and describes an image of the area (USDA, 1995). A Landscape Character description contains pertinent information about the positive and socially-valued scenery attributes, such as landform, vegetation, water, air, sky, wildlife, cultural and historic features of the area (USDA, 1995). Scenic Attributes The landscape character of the Tower Project area is composed of mountainous terrain typical of subalpine and montane bio-climatic altitudinal zones of the Columbia Rockies, Lakeland subregion (USDA, 1980). This subregion is known for its subdued mountains and hills with high gradient streams and outstanding high mountain lakes. Distinctive scenic attributes of this subregion include: large waterforms which dominate the visual scene; vegetative species which have picturesque characteristics; and, deep canyons, gorges or valleys with vertical or near vertical cliffs and rockforms. The project area is bounded by two such distinct waterforms: Priest Lake to the east and Pend Orielle River to the west. The Tower Project area vegetation consists mainly of grand fir, western hemlock, western redcedar, and occasionally Douglas-fir tree species. However, most of these species were killed in the high to moderate burn severity areas. The forest appearance is moderately varied, with some natural openings. Due to the wildfire, however, the area is now largely burned over and appears charred with large amounts of ash and snags on the forest floor. Pre-burn, the Tower Project area demonstrated occasional pockets of hardwoods along with western larch, which contributed to excellent fall color. Portions of the Priest River area have been heavily impacted by past logging and mining practices; however, there are also large areas relatively untouched, roadless and rugged. Second only to past timber harvest, the most evident management feature is the system of roads and trails throughout the area. Cultural Attributes The Priest River area has been a natural gathering place dating back to pre-historic times. The area has a rich cultural heritage and the process of preserving and passing on this historical cultural knowledge nurtures the relationship between the geography and the people in this place (Bessaw et al., 2009). The Kalispel Tribe of Indians recognizes the Priest GA as part of their aboriginal territory containing sites of cultural and religious significance and natural resources important for tribal use. The primary dispersed recreation activities occurring within the Priest GA as well as within the project area include: hunting, dispersed camping, snowmobiling, off-highway vehicle (OHV) use, horseback riding, hiking, backcountry skiing, viewing scenery, and wildlife. The highest level of recreational visitation to any recreation site found within the project area occurs at the Pelke Warming Hut. The warming hut is a small log cabin that serves as one of the major destination of the 134 miles of groomed snowmobile trails that can be found at the junction of the Idaho Panhandle National Forests and the Colville National Forest in Washington State. This warming hut is located within the perimeter of the Tower Fire; however, it was not damaged by the fire or by suppression efforts. Other developed recreation opportunities in the area consist of many trailheads and day use areas (see recreation specialist report for more detail). Ecological Attributes The Tower Project area is located within the Lakelands subregion of the Rocky Mountains (USDA, 1980), and is considered part of the Priest Geographic Area (see Forest Plan), which physically forms a big bowl with the high elevation Priest/Pend Oreille Divide on the west and the high elevation Selkirk Mountains on the east with the two ranges joining near the Canadian border. This bowl-shaped topography captures cold air in the low elevations and traps cool moist air in the summer. As a result, the low elevation winter snow pack is deeper and more persistent than elsewhere in northern Idaho, and summertime conditions are relatively moist and cool compared to neighboring areas. This environment favors dense forests and 7

11 rapid development of dense cedar and hemlock understories on warm moist settings. This topography and moisture setting is likely part of the reason why upper Priest River contains the largest contiguous area of old growth cedar, hemlock, and grand fir in the interior western United States and the largest concentration of ancient cedar stands in northern Idaho. In addition, about half of the Priest GA was glaciated which is likely the main reasons why it contains the highest concentration of coastal disjunctive plant species as well as boreal species, and the most extensive rare plant communities on the IPNF. Scenic Integrity Objectives Scenic integrity objectives represent the desired condition (degree of intactness) of attributes described in the landscape (scenic) character description. The existing SIO for the project area range from Low to High, with the majority of proposed management taking place in Moderate and Low SIO (see Figure 2). Visibility Seen-areas and distance zones are mapped according to Concern Levels of 1, 2, or 3 (1 being the highest) to determine the relative sensitivity of scenes based on their distance from an observer and the determination of the relative importance of aesthetics to the public in the area. Concern levels were determined for the IPNF through public involvement and resource specialists planning during the Forest Plan planning process. Concern Levels represent the relative importance of aesthetics across the landscape as determined by public concerns and expectations. Concern Levels take in to account the viewing context of the individual(s), the typical duration of the view (i.e. walking versus riding an OHV), degree of discernable detail, the number of viewers, and the potential for seasonal variation. Distance zones are described as Foreground (up to 1/2 mile from the viewer), Middleground (up to 4 miles from the foreground), and Background (4 miles from the viewer to the horizon). With the exception of Trail 197 and the South Baldy Trailhead and parking area, which are in Foreground 1, the entire project area is in Middleground 1. Middleground 1 means the project area is in a concern level 1 (high sensitivity and use), with the most critical area for the SIO to be maintained being the middleground seen-area. Where the visibility is Foreground 1, the most critical area for the SIO to be maintained would be in the Foreground as seen from a user in that location. For example, the objective for scenery as seen from a pedestrian hiking Trail 197 (in a High SIO and Foreground 1 visibility) would be for management to not be noticeable and appear unaltered for up to ½ mile from the viewer. Scenic Attractiveness The Scenic Attractiveness for the area of interest in Class B. Class B represents a landscape where some outstanding qualities are present, but in general the overall appearance is typical for that region. 8

12 Summary of Resource Indicators for Existing Conditions Table 2. Resource indicators and measures for the existing condition Resource Element Scenic Integrity Resource Indicator Measure Existing Condition Scenic Integrity Objectives (SIO) very high, high, moderate or low. Visibility Concern Levels 1, 2, or 3 (1 being the highest) Scenic Attractiveness Distance Zones Foreground (up to 1/2 mile from the viewer), Middleground (up to 4 miles), and Background (4 miles from the viewer to the horizon). Scenic Attractiveness Class (intrinsic scenic beauty of the project area): Class A (Distinctive), B (Typical), or C (Indistinctive). Environmental Consequences Degree of intactness of attributes described in the Landscape Character Description considering proposed activities, design features, and mitigation measures. Identify sensitive viewing/use areas and then determine whether proposed management activities would meet the assigned SIO within each distance zone considering its concern level (degree of public importance placed on landscapes from travel ways and use areas). Determine whether proposed management activities would meet the assigned Scenic Attractiveness Class, considering design features, and mitigation measures Project Area: Existing scenic integrity is Low due to burned over appearance. Desired condition of Moderate or High SIO is not being met. Trail 197: SIO High, Visibility: Foreground 1. SIO not met due to the presence of charred and burned over landscape in the Foreground, Middleground and Background Pelke Warming Hut: SIO Moderate, Visibility: Foreground 1, Middleground 1, Background 1. SIO not met due to the presence of charred and burned over landscape in the Foreground, Middleground and Background South Baldy Parking and TH: SIO High, Visibility: Foreground 1. SIO not met due to the presence of charred and burned over landscape in the Foreground, Middleground and Background Bartoo Bay Boat Dock: SIO High, Visibility: Foreground 1. SIO is being met. Burned area in the distant background not noticeable. Squaw Valley & Forest Service Road 659 Intersection: SIO Low, Visibility: Foreground 3. Not a high concern level travel route. SIO is being met even with the presence of burned landscape Kings Trail Vista: SIO Moderate, Visibility: Foreground 1. SIO of Moderate is being met. Burned over landscape only seen in the distant background and is not noticeable. Project Area: Existing Scenic Attractiveness is Class B, Typical. The SMS recognizes extreme weather conditions such as wildfire as typical for this landscape region. Existing project area remains Class B, Typical. Alternative 1 No Action Under the no action alternative, the Forest would continue to appear burned and charred for the next several years. Vegetation, including forbs, shrubs and saplings, would naturally return and become apparent in the next 1 to 5 years. Within the next 10 to 25 years, the charred and burned characteristics of 9

13 the land would likely no longer dominate the view. It is expected that grand fir, Douglas-fir and western hemlock would dominate the newly regenerating stands in the absence of post-fire management. Grand fir and Douglas-fir are highly susceptible to root diseases. Western hemlock and grand fir are both susceptible to drought stress due to high water demand. All three species are hosts for spruce bud worm. Stands stocked primarily with any or all of these three species would be susceptible to root diseases, defoliating insects, and drought. Without the proposed management activities, conditions in the pre-fire old growth stands would move away from desired conditions for species composition as stated in the Forest Plan. Please refer back to Existing Condition section for the values associated with indicators and measures for assessing effects to scenery under the no action alternative. Environmental Consequences Common to Alternatives 2 and 3 Project Design Features and Mitigation Measures The effects to the scenery are minimized to the greatest extent possible using design measures. The following design measures are intended to reduce impacts to the landscape character and other scenic resources in the project area. A complete list of the design features is available in the EA. Required Monitoring Once the project has been implemented it should be reviewed in the field by Forest Service Scenery Specialist or Landscape Architect to determine how well it meets the forest plan scenic integrity objectives. Of greatest concern would be the visual effects of retention of reserve trees within the units, feathering of edges to create natural appearing openings, reduction of visual effects of skyline logging systems and the treatment of stumps in sensitive viewing corridors. This review would then be documented in the IPNF Monitoring Report. Alternative 2 Proposed Action Alternative 2 for the Tower Salvage and Reforestation Project includes the following: Salvage operations: approximately 4,271 acres Danger Tree Roadside Salvage (the same for Alternative 2 and 3): 2,373 acres Reforestation: approximately 5,754 acres of reforestation Temporary Roads: 4.6 miles A more detailed description of the proposed action can be found in the EA. Figure 2 shows alternative 2 overlaid with SIO and Concern Levels for the Tower Project area. 10

14 Figure 2: Alternative 2 with SIO and Concern Level for the Tower Project area 11

15 Direct and Indirect Effects - Alternative 2 The direct and indirect effects to the high concern level use areas and points of interest for the Tower Project are each discussed and then the effects are summarized in Table 3 by resource indicators. Trail 197: (See Figure 3) Alternative 2 would be in compliance with the SIO of High in the middleground and background in the long-term time period. Only a very small portion, 0.1 miles of an overall 0.8 miles, in the project area would overlap with proposed salvaging units. Figure 3 shows salvage units 23, 19 and 80 in the middleground and salvage units 15 and 59 in the foreground. As seen from this perspective, units clumped together in the middleground would likely appear as one large opening with groups of reserve trees. The large swaths of cleared trees in the foreground could open the vista and create opportunities for views into the southern portion of the project area which could improve the experience for recreationalists utilizing the trail. Figure 3: Simulation of view looking southwest from southern end of Concern Level 1 Trail 197 Pelke Warming Hut: Alternative 2 would be in compliance with the SIO of Moderate in the foreground, middleground and background distance zones with the addition of identified design measures within 20 to 30 years, when management activities no longer appear dominate to the landscape. Views from the warming hut into the surrounding stands would show remanence of salvage operations, such as skid trails and slash piles in the near term. Trees in the surrounding stands would likely demonstrate signs of damage from the impacts of trees being removed into the long-term. Once reforestation has completed and the vegetation begins to mature, the integrity of the landscape character for this area would likely return. 12

16 Bartoo Bay Boat Dock: (see Figure 4) Alternative 2 would be in compliance with a High SIO because management activity would likely only be seen in the background and would not be noticeable. Figure 4: Simulation of view looking west from Concern Level 1 use area Bartoo Bay boat dock Squaw Valley & Forest Service Road 659 Intersection: (See Figure 5) Alternative 2 would be in compliance with the SIO of Low and would improve the SIO in the mid-term time period. Management activities would be evident and likely dominate the landscape character as seen in this viewshed. Specified design features, however, would be used to repeat the line, form, color and texture of the desired landscape character, making the management activity in compliance with a Low SIO. Kings Trail Vista: Alternative 2 would be in compliance with the SIO of Moderate in the foreground, middleground and background distance zones with the addition of identified design measures within years, when management activities no longer appear to dominate the landscape. The existing charred and burned over landscape would very likely improve once planted vegetation begins to mature and the integrity of the landscape character begins to return. 13

17 Figure 5: View from intersection of Concern Level 3 Squaw Valley Road and Forest Service Road 658 looking northwest Alternative 3 The following management activities are proposed under alternative 3: Salvage harvest: approximately 2,939 acres Danger Tree Roadside Salvage (the same for alternative 2 and 3): 2,373 acres Reforestation: approximately 4,592 acres of reforestation Temporary Roads: 1.2 miles Because alternative 3 proposes less harvesting within the project area, there would be less potential for the appearance of man-made openings on the land. Under alternative 3, there would be less reforestation of burned area, and fewer trees that are dead and dying salvaged. The remaining dead and dying trees would remain throughout the area which could result in an increase in further risk of wildfire as the amount of downed trees increases. Potential effects as a result of all roadside danger tree treatments and salvage would be the same as under Alternative 2. Figure 6 shows alternative 3 overlaid with SIO and Concern Levels for the Tower Project area. 14

18 Figure 6: Alternative 3 with SIO and Concern Levels for the Tower Project area 15

19 Direct and Indirect Effects - Alternative 3 The direct and indirect effects to the high concern level use areas and points of interest for the Tower Project are each discussed and then the effects are summarized in Table 3 by resource indicators. The overall effects to resource indicators are the same for both action alternatives. Trail 197: (See Figure 7) Alternative 3 would be in compliance with the SIO of High in the middleground and background in the long-term time period. Only a very small portion, 0.1 miles of an overall 0.8 miles, in the project area would overlap with proposed salvaging efforts. Figure 6 shows salvage units 23 and 19 in the middleground and salvage units 15 and 59 in the foreground. As seen from this perspective, units clumped together in the middleground would likely appear as one large opening with groups of reserve trees. The large swaths of cleared trees in the foreground could open the vista and create opportunities for views into the southern portion of the project area. Figure 7: Simulation of view looking southeast from southern end of Concern Level 1 Trail 197, under Alternative 3 Pelke Warming Hut: Alternative 3 would be in compliance with the SIO of Moderate in the foreground, middleground and background distance zones with the addition of identified design measures within 20 to 30 years, when management activities no longer appear to dominate the landscape. Under alternative 3, there would likely be less impact to the scenic integrity in the middleground and background, but the foreground treatment for this area would remain the same, and therefore would have similar effects to the scenic resource as under alternative 2. Bartoo Bay Boat Dock: Alternative 3 would be in compliance with a High SIO because management activity would likely only be seen in the background and would not be noticeable, the same as under Alternative 2. 16

20 Squaw Valley & Forest Service 659 Intersection: (See Figure 8) Alternative3 would be in compliance with the SIO of Low and would likely improve the SIO in the mid-term time period. Salvage activities would be more evident in the background distance zone versus under alternative 2 where activities would be more apparent in the middleground and background distance zones. Figure 8: View from intersection of Concern Level 3 Squaw Valley Road and Forest Service Road 659 looking northwest Kings Trail Vista: Alternative 3 would be in compliance with the SIO of Moderate in the foreground, middleground and background distance zones, the same as under alternative 2 because units would only appear less evident due to fewer units proposed under alternative 3. 17

21 Table 3. Resource indicators and measures for alternatives 2 and 3 direct/indirect effects Resource Element Scenic Integrity Resource Indicator Scenic Integrity Objectives (SIO) very high, high, moderate or low. Visibility Concern Levels 1, 2, or 3 (1 being the highest) Scenic Attractiveness Distance Zones Foreground (up to 1/2 mile from the viewer), Middleground (up to 4 miles), and Background (4 miles from the viewer to the horizon). Scenic Attractiveness Class (intrinsic scenic beauty of the project area): Class A (Distinctive), B (Typical), or C (Indistinctive). Measure Degree of intactness of attributes described in the Landscape Character Description considering proposed activities, design features, and mitigation measures. Identify sensitive viewing/use areas and then determine whether proposed management activities would meet the assigned SIO within each distance zone considering its concern level (degree of public importance placed on landscapes from travel ways and use areas). Determine whether proposed management activities would meet the assigned Scenic Attractiveness Class, considering design features, and mitigation measures Alternatives 2 and 3 Direct/Indirect Effects Project Area: Where SIO is Low, alternatives 2 and 3 would be in compliance. Where SIO is Moderate, alternatives 2 and 3 would be in compliance in the mid- to longterm time periods. Where SIO is High, alternatives 2 and 3 would be in compliance in the long-term (20-30 years) when the openings no longer appear as openings. Trail 197 (SIO of High, Foreground 1): Alternatives 2 and 3 would be in compliance with the SIO of High in the middleground and background in the long-term time period, but would not meet the SIO in the near term while management is still apparent. Pelke Warming Hut (SIO Moderate, Foreground 1): Alternatives 2 and 3 would be in compliance with the SIO of Moderate in the foreground, middleground and background with the addition of identified design measures within years, when management activities no longer appear to dominate the landscape Bartoo Bay Boat Dock (SIO of High, Foreground 1): Alternatives 2 and 3 would be in compliance with a High SIO because management activity would likely only be seen in the background and would not be noticeable. Squaw Valley & Forest Service Road 659 Intersection (SIO Low, Fg3): Alternatives 2 and 3 would be in compliance with the SIO of Low and would improve the SIO in the midterm time period Kings Trail Vista (SIO Moderate, Foreground 1) Alternatives 2 and 3 would be in compliance because management would likely only be seen in the distant background Project Area: Existing Scenic Attractiveness, Class B, Typical, would be maintained 18

22 Cumulative Effects for Alternatives 2 and 3 Past, Present, and Reasonably Foreseeable Activities Relevant to Cumulative Effects Analysis Cumulative impacts result from the incremental impact of the action when added to other past, present and reasonably foreseeable future actions. Generally only past, present and future projects that involve harvest of timber have an effect on the visual resource. Road and trail maintenance and construction, noxious weed reduction and low impact cattle grazing do not have a long-term effect on the scenic resource. Past harvest activities are visible throughout the area of interest and are viewed from most roads and trails. Past harvest projects include both regeneration harvest and commercial thinning. Most activities have revegetated to the point that they are no longer perceived as an opening. For the purposes of this analysis, focus was given to only those activities with potential for cumulative effects (Table 4). Table 4: Cumulative effects project list Past Actions BAER (burned area emergency response) work Fire suppression Road maintenance and reconstruction Special forest products personal use (e.g., firewood gathering, berry and mushroom picking) Trail maintenance Present Road decommissioning on Forest Service Road 659A Colville National Forest salvage project (150 acres) Colville National Forest roadside salvage Trail maintenance Crystal Springs dig area operations Future Actions Fire suppression Fire suppression and fire use activities Other timber salvage projects on state and private lands Road maintenance and reconstruction Trail maintenance Cumulative effects analyses uses the same resource indicators and measures as those identified in the direct and indirect effects. The following resource indicators when combined with other past, present and reasonably foreseeable future actions result in cumulative impacts. 19

23 Scenic Integrity Objectives and Visibility The other salvage operations presently under way within the vicinity of the area would also likely be visible to some extent from the sensitive use areas and travelways within the western portion of the area of interest, but the impact would be designed to be within the scenic integrity guidelines. Openings from such activities would be visible, but would reflect the size and shape of natural fire activity as viewed in the middle and background viewing zones as specified for Moderate and High SIO. Given the aspect and growing history of the area and the extent of the reserved timber that would not be harvested, the cumulative effects of such projects when combined with those of alternatives 2 and 3 would no long appear as openings within 30 to 35 years. These openings should appear as an area that has experienced the natural process of wildfire rather than man-made, geometric openings. Scenic Attractiveness There would be no cumulative effect to the Scenic Attractiveness Class of B, Typical, as a result of implementing the actions listed in the cumulative effects project list (Table 4). Class B represents a landscape where some outstanding qualities are present, but in general the overall appearance is typical for that region. Because these projects would be designed to meet SIO and concern levels for their relative project area, openings and disturbance present upon landscape should appear as an area that has experienced the natural process of wildfire rather than man-made, geometric openings. Summary of Environmental Effects Both action alternatives would be in compliance with a Moderate and Low SIO. Under alternative 3, fewer units would be managed for salvage operations. With greater fuel loading in the form of dead and dying trees on-the-ground, the potential for yet another wildfire event to take place would increase. Although some may feel leaving these dead and dying trees would have a negative impact to the scenic quality of the area, such natural weather events like wildfire that result in large amounts of dead and dying vegetation are considered natural processes and are recognized as part of the historic range of variability for the Columbia Rockies Lakeland subregion. The resource area would continue to meet assigned SIO under all alternatives, but with no action or under alternative 3 where less harvesting and less reforestation would take place, the landscape would recover at a much slower rate, and may never fully return to the state it was in pre-fire. Table 5 summarizes the impacts to scenic resources for all alternatives. 20

24 Table 5. Summary comparison of environmental effects to scenic resources Resource Element Indicator / Measure Alternative 1 Alternative 2 Alternative 3 Scenic Integrity Scenic Integrity Objectives (SIO) very high, high, moderate or low. Project Area: Existing Scenic Integrity is Low due to burned over appearance. Desired condition of Moderate or High SIO is not being met. Project Area: Where SIO is Low, Alternative 2 would be in compliance. Where SIO is Moderate, Alternative 2 be in compliance in the mid to long-term time periods. Where SIO is High, Alternative 2 would be in compliance in the long-term (20 to30 years). Same as Alternative 2 Visibility Concern Levels 1, 2, or 3 (1 being the highest) Distance Zones Foreground (up to 1/2 mile from the viewer), Middleground (up to 4 miles), and Background (4 miles from the viewer to the horizon). Trail 197: SIO High, Visibility: Foreground 1 -SIO not being met Pelke Warming Hut: SIO Moderate, Visibility:Foreground 1, Mg1, Bg1. SIO not being met South Baldy Parking and TH: SIO High, Visibility: Foreground 1. SIO not being met Bartoo Bay Boat Dock: SIO High, Visibility: Foreground 1. SIO is being met. Burned area in the distant background not noticeable. Squaw Valley & 659 Int: SIO Low, Visibility: Fg3. Not a high concern level travel route. SIO is being met even with the presence of burned landscape Kings Trail Vista: SIO Moderate, Visibility: Foreground 1. SIO of Moderate is being met. Burned over landscape only seen in the distant background Trail 197 (SIO of High, Foreground 1): Alternative 2 would be in compliance with the SIO of High in the middleground and background in the long-term time period, but would not meet the SIO in the near term while management is still apparent. Pelke Warming Hut (SIO Moderate, Foreground 1): Alternative 2 would be in compliance with the SIO of Moderate in the foreground, middleground and background with the addition of identified design measures within years, when management activities no longer appear to dominate the landscape Bartoo Bay Boat Dock (SIO of High, Foreground 1): Alternative 2 would be in compliance with a High SIO because management activity would likely only be seen in the background and would not be noticeable. Squaw Valley & 659 Int (SIO Low, Fg3): Alternative 2 would be in compliance with the SIO of Low and would improve the SIO in the midterm time period Kings Trail Vista (SIO Moderate, Foreground 1) Alternative 2 would be in compliance because management would likely only be seen in the distant background Same as Alternative 2 21

The analysis area for the scenic resource is the project area described in Chapter 1. Affected Environment/Existing Condition

The analysis area for the scenic resource is the project area described in Chapter 1. Affected Environment/Existing Condition Chapter 3 - Scenic Resource SCENIC RESOURCES Introduction The Spotted Bear Ranger District is a destination point for outdoor recreation activities and offers a variety of recreation opportunities: driving

More information

Sherman Pass Project Post-Fire Treatment Scenery Report Barbara Jackson, Landscape Architect, 3/30/2016

Sherman Pass Project Post-Fire Treatment Scenery Report Barbara Jackson, Landscape Architect, 3/30/2016 Sherman Pass Project Post-Fire Treatment Scenery Report Barbara Jackson, Landscape Architect, 3/30/2016 Introduction This report updates the 2015 Sherman Pass Project Scenery Report based on changes in

More information

Galiuro Drilling EA Scenery Debby Kriegel 12/9/16

Galiuro Drilling EA Scenery Debby Kriegel 12/9/16 Galiuro Drilling EA Scenery Debby Kriegel 12/9/16 INTRODUCTION The 1.7 million acre Coronado National Forest (CNF) is comprised of 12 sky island mountain ranges. CNF visitors have opportunities to sightsee

More information

United States Standards for Grades of Beets

United States Standards for Grades of Beets Marketing and Regulatory Programs Agricultural Marketing Service Specialty Crops Program United States Standards for Grades of Beets Effective September 6, 2016 Specialty Crops Inspection Division This

More information

Cheyenne River Range Area Management Plan. Buffalo Gap National Grassland Wall Ranger District. Scenery Resource Specialist Report

Cheyenne River Range Area Management Plan. Buffalo Gap National Grassland Wall Ranger District. Scenery Resource Specialist Report Cheyenne River Range Area Management Plan Buffalo Gap National Grassland Wall Ranger District Scenery Resource Specialist Report Prepared by: /s/ Stephen P. Keegan Stephen Keegan, June 1, 2016 Forest Landscape

More information

Ecological Sites. Topics of Discussion 2/28/2014. Ecological Site Classification. Ecological Site Key. Ecological Site Descriptions

Ecological Sites. Topics of Discussion 2/28/2014. Ecological Site Classification. Ecological Site Key. Ecological Site Descriptions Ecological Sites Topics of Discussion Ecological Site Classification Ecological Site Key Ecological Site Descriptions Jon Siddoway Montana NRCS Helping People Help the Land An Ecological Site is defined

More information

Objection to the Draft ROD, FEIS, and Revised LMP Inyo National Forest (83 FR 38118)

Objection to the Draft ROD, FEIS, and Revised LMP Inyo National Forest (83 FR 38118) Reviewing Officer Barnie Gyant Deputy Regional Forester, USDA Forest Service Pacific Southwest Region 1323 Club Drive, Vallejo, CA 94592 objections-pacificsouthwest-regional-office@fs.fed.us October 2,

More information

Nob Hill Pipeline Improvements Project EIR

Nob Hill Pipeline Improvements Project EIR Section 3.1 Aesthetics This section addresses the visual aspects that may affect the views experienced by the public, including the potential to impact the existing character of each area that comprises

More information

MANAGEMENT. Table 7. Forest Scenery Goal and Objectives: Takatz Lake Hydroelectric Project

MANAGEMENT. Table 7. Forest Scenery Goal and Objectives: Takatz Lake Hydroelectric Project Management MANAGEMENT The second phase of Scenic Management Systems is establishing the management requirements including the development of scenery goals and objectives. This phase references the established

More information

Finger Lakes National Forest. Backbone Horse Camp Water Hydrant Project

Finger Lakes National Forest. Backbone Horse Camp Water Hydrant Project United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service February 2014 Backbone Horse Camp Water Hydrant Project Scoping Information Hector Ranger District Town of Lodi, Seneca County, New York For Information

More information

Rocky Areas Project Guidance HABITAT

Rocky Areas Project Guidance HABITAT Rocky Areas Project Guidance HABITAT Introduction Rocky habitats are surface areas dominated by exposed rock, such as mountain peaks, inland cliffs, buttes and rocky outcrops. In many cases, rocky areas

More information

Visual Impact Rating Form - Instructions

Visual Impact Rating Form - Instructions Visual Impact Rating Form Instructions Project Name: Baron Winds Project EDR Project No: 13039 Date: 05.16.17 Reference: Visual Impact Rating Form - Instructions These instructions are intended to guide

More information

Reviewing Officer, USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Region. Greg Warren, 22 S Juniper Ct, Golden, CO ; phone is not available

Reviewing Officer, USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Region. Greg Warren, 22 S Juniper Ct, Golden, CO ; phone is not available To: Attn: Reviewing Officer, USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Region Objection Reviewing Officer Planning Department 740 Simms, Golden, CO 80401 Email to: r02admin_review@fs.fed.us Subject: From: SBEADMR

More information

Long Distance Landscapes

Long Distance Landscapes Long Distance Landscapes CONDUCTING A BASELINE VISUAL ASSESSMENT FOR THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST NATIONAL SCENIC TRAIL Presented by: Brad Cownover and Matt Ramich Landscape Architects, US Forest Service OVERVIEW:

More information

CHAPTER 10 AESTHETICS

CHAPTER 10 AESTHETICS CHAPTER 10 AESTHETICS CHAPTER 10 AESTHETICS This section identifies and evaluates key visual resources in the project area to determine the degree of visual impact that would be attributable to the project.

More information

Lower Joseph Creek Restoration Project Scenery Resources

Lower Joseph Creek Restoration Project Scenery Resources Lower Joseph Creek Restoration Project Scenery Resources Prepared by 1 : Ayn Shlisky, and Barb Wales, Blue Mountains Restoration Strategy September 23, 2014 Introduction Scenic quality is an important

More information

Scenic Resources Revised 7/19/2011

Scenic Resources Revised 7/19/2011 1 Scenic Resources Revised 7/19/2011 Affected Environment The existing characteristic landscape of the Kiowa and Rita Blanca National Grasslands includes high mesas, dissected plateaus, deep canyons, volcanic

More information

I. STAFF POLICY RECOMMENDATIONS. The following RMP policy strategies are proposed by staff in support of a Scenic Resource Protection Program:

I. STAFF POLICY RECOMMENDATIONS. The following RMP policy strategies are proposed by staff in support of a Scenic Resource Protection Program: Policy Consideration: Scenic Resource Protection Program Status: For Consideration by the Highlands Council at September 14, 2006 Work session Date: September 12, 2006 I. STAFF POLICY RECOMMENDATIONS The

More information

Glossary. Acceptable Levels of Quality The lowest standard permissible in the constituents' view.

Glossary. Acceptable Levels of Quality The lowest standard permissible in the constituents' view. Glossary Acceptable Levels of Quality The lowest standard permissible in the constituents' view. Aesthetics (Esthetics) Generally, the study, science, or philosophy dealing with beauty and with judgments

More information

FOREST SERVICE MANUAL NATIONAL HEADQUARTERS (WO) WASHINGTON, DC

FOREST SERVICE MANUAL NATIONAL HEADQUARTERS (WO) WASHINGTON, DC Page 1 of 11 FOREST SERVICE MANUAL NATIONAL HEADQUARTERS (WO) WASHINGTON, DC FSM 2300 RECREATION, WILDERNESS, AND RELATED RESOURCE MANAGEMENT Amendment No.: 2300-2011-2 Effective Date: October 19, 2011

More information

6.8 SCENIC HIGHWAYS Introduction

6.8 SCENIC HIGHWAYS Introduction 6.8 SCENIC HIGHWAYS 6.8.1 Introduction The Scenic Highways Element is an optional General Plan element authorized by Section 65303 of the Government Code. The Scenic Highways Element is intended to establish

More information

Verde Valley Landscape Character Type

Verde Valley Landscape Character Type Existing Condition Landscape Character The existing landscape character describes the existing set of valued aesthetic attributes for the current landscape. The landscape character descriptions include

More information

6.3 VISUAL RESOURCES. Landscape Character

6.3 VISUAL RESOURCES. Landscape Character 6.3 VISUAL RESOURCES 6.3.1 Affected Environment The DMR discussion is divided into two areas, DMR and Dillingham Trail, which would extend from SBMR to DMR. The ROI includes all areas within the line of

More information

Garden Bridge Planning Application

Garden Bridge Planning Application Planning Application Additional Verified photomontages and assessment September 2014 Contents Page 1 Visual assessment 2 1.1 Introduction 2 1.2 Baseline 2 1.3 Potential effects and good environmental

More information

VISUAL RESOURCES PLAN

VISUAL RESOURCES PLAN VISUAL RESOURCES PLAN BIG CREEK HYDROELECTRIC SYSTEM MAMMOTH POOL PROJECT (FERC PROJECT NO. 2085) BIG CREEK NOS. 1 AND 2 (FERC PROJECT NO. 2175) BIG CREEK NOS. 2A, 8, AND EASTWOOD (FERC PROJECT NO. 67)

More information

Butte Mtn. Late Successional Reserve Habitat Restoration Project Soil Report

Butte Mtn. Late Successional Reserve Habitat Restoration Project Soil Report KLAMATH NATIONAL FOREST Butte Mtn. Late Successional Reserve Habitat Restoration Project Soil Report GOOSENEST RANGER DISTRICT JOE BLANCHARD 4/23/2013 Prepared by Joe Blanchard Forest Soil Scientist Klamath

More information

The impacts examined herein take into account two attributes of aesthetic values:

The impacts examined herein take into account two attributes of aesthetic values: IV. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ANALYSIS This section addresses the potential impacts to views and aesthetics as a result of the proposed Project at the Project Site and the development scenarios analyzed for

More information

SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT

SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT . Sustainable Management.1 The Concept of Sustainable Management The concept of sustainable management recognises there are limits to the use of natural and physical resources and there is a need to balance

More information

3.10 LAND USE SETTING PROJECT SITE EXISTING LAND USE DESIGNATIONS AND ZONING. General Plan Land Use Designations.

3.10 LAND USE SETTING PROJECT SITE EXISTING LAND USE DESIGNATIONS AND ZONING. General Plan Land Use Designations. This section of the Draft EIR addresses the existing land uses on and adjacent to the project site and discusses the potential impacts of the proposed project on existing land uses. Key issues addressed

More information

3.5 VISUAL AND AESTHETIC QUALITIES

3.5 VISUAL AND AESTHETIC QUALITIES 3.5 VISUAL AND AESTHETIC QUALITIES 3.5.1 Introduction to Analysis 3.5.1.1 Summary of Results The Preferred Alternative would represent a minimal change to the visual character of the existing rail corridor.

More information

4.1 AESTHETICS AND VISUAL QUALITY

4.1 AESTHETICS AND VISUAL QUALITY SCOPE AND METHODOLOGY 4.1 AESTHETICS AND VISUAL QUALITY This section evaluates the potential impacts to aesthetics and visual quality. Aesthetics refers to visual resources and the quality of what can

More information

Chapter 5: Recreation

Chapter 5: Recreation Chapter 5: Recreation Introduction and Setting Recreational opportunities within Nevada County are varied, ranging from public parks with intensively used active recreational facilities, to vast tracts

More information

Key Elements of Successful Conservation Planning. John Paskus October 17, 2013 Pierce Cedar Creek Institute Michigan Natural Features Inventory

Key Elements of Successful Conservation Planning. John Paskus October 17, 2013 Pierce Cedar Creek Institute Michigan Natural Features Inventory Key Elements of Successful Conservation Planning John Paskus October 17, 2013 Pierce Cedar Creek Institute Michigan Natural Features Inventory What is Conservation Planning? Pressey et al (2008): The process

More information

Appendices. Contents. Appendices - Sep 1997 CP-1 AP-1

Appendices. Contents. Appendices - Sep 1997 CP-1 AP-1 Appendices Contents 1. Goals for Protected Areas in British Columbia... AP-3 2. Guiding Principles for Protected Areas... AP-4 3. Resource and Recreation Use Guidelines for Protected Areas... AP-5 4. Aboriginal

More information

Describing the Integrated Land Management Approach

Describing the Integrated Land Management Approach Describing the Integrated Land Management Approach ISBN No. 978-0-7785-8902-0 (Online Edition) Pub No. I/422 What is Integrated Land Management? Integrated land management (ILM) is the strategic, planned

More information

Visual Impact Assessment 830 Pratt Avenue St Helena, CA

Visual Impact Assessment 830 Pratt Avenue St Helena, CA Visual Impact Assessment 830 Pratt Avenue St Helena, CA 1. Introduction The following aesthetic visual impact assessment has been prepared pursuant to the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA). The

More information

3.1 AESTHETICS Background and Methodology

3.1 AESTHETICS Background and Methodology 3.1 AESTHETICS 3.1.1 Background and Methodology 3.1.1.1 Regulatory Context The California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) requires that project sponsors evaluate the project s potential to cause aesthetic

More information

Integrating Visual Resource and Visitor Use Management Planning: A Case Study of the Moses H. Cone National Historic District, Blue Ridge Parkway

Integrating Visual Resource and Visitor Use Management Planning: A Case Study of the Moses H. Cone National Historic District, Blue Ridge Parkway Visual Case Study for Visual Resource Stewardship Conference Proceedings: Landscape and Seascape Management in a Time of Change Integrating Visual Resource and Visitor Use Management Planning: A Case Study

More information

3. Highway Landscaping Assessment

3. Highway Landscaping Assessment Guidelines for Highway Landscaping 3-1 3. Highway Landscaping Assessment 3.1 Introduction This section outlines the steps necessary to assess the highway landscaping component of a state highway construction

More information

2 Vision. Master Plan

2 Vision. Master Plan 19 2 Vision Master Plan 20 Chapter 2 MASTER PLAN VISION 2.1 Master Plan Organization Lake Calhoun/Bde Maka Ska and Lake Harriet are places where complex human and natural systems intersect and converge.

More information

Preservation of Scenery National Historic Trails. Rob Sweeten BLM Kevin Rauhe EPG

Preservation of Scenery National Historic Trails. Rob Sweeten BLM Kevin Rauhe EPG Preservation of Scenery National Historic Trails Rob Sweeten BLM Kevin Rauhe EPG EPG Background Landscape architects with expertise in visual resources Resource staff includes: archaeologists, biologists,

More information

4.0 AFFECTED ENVIRONMENT AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONSEQUENCES

4.0 AFFECTED ENVIRONMENT AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONSEQUENCES 4.0 AFFECTED ENVIRONMENT AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONSEQUENCES The following sections discuss the impacts associated with environmental resources for the tunneling method Alternatives A and B. The construction

More information

Integrated Visual Design Procedures and Standards

Integrated Visual Design Procedures and Standards FOREST STEWARDSHIP FOREST INVESTMENT ACCOUNT Integrated Visual Design Procedures and Standards Revised April 10, 2008 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.0 Introduction... 1 2.0 Minimum Content... 1 3.0 Defining the

More information

Appendix 17A Scenic Quality Rating Forms

Appendix 17A Scenic Quality Rating Forms 1 2 Appendix 17A Scenic Quality Rating Forms UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR BUREAU OF LAND MANAGEMENT SCENIC QUALITY RATING SUMMARY Date: March 7, 2018 Landscape Character Unit: N/A Key Observation

More information

In the tall grass prairie, grasses can be up to 2 meters tall! This is tall grass prairie at a state park in Iowa.

In the tall grass prairie, grasses can be up to 2 meters tall! This is tall grass prairie at a state park in Iowa. This presentation is designed to give you a feel for what tall, mixed and short grass prairie environments on North America look like. I hope that these pictures will help you understand more deeply when

More information

Decision Notice. Proposed Action

Decision Notice. Proposed Action Decision Notice Paving Weld County Road 105 USDA Forest Service Arapaho and Roosevelt National Forest and Pawnee National Grassland Pawnee National Grassland Ranger District Weld County, Colorado November

More information

OSU Master Gardener Program

OSU Master Gardener Program OSU Master Gardener Program The OSU Master Gardener Program in Central Oregon is entering its 37th consecutive year, serving Crook, Deschutes, and Jefferson Counties. Over the years, this program has trained

More information

3.1 Aesthetics and Visual Resources

3.1 Aesthetics and Visual Resources 3.1 This section discusses visual resources in the project area, the impacts on the visual resources that would result from the proposed project, and the mitigation measures that would reduce these impacts.

More information

Appendix C Visual Analysis Information

Appendix C Visual Analysis Information Appendix C Visual Analysis Information C-1 Table C-1. Summary of Visual Resource Contrast Rating Analysis at Key Observation Points. VIEWPOINT DESCRIPTION EXISTING VISUAL SETTING VISUAL CHANGE 1 IMPACT

More information

POLLINATOR HABITAT PLANTING

POLLINATOR HABITAT PLANTING POLLINATOR HABITAT PLANTING Michigan CRP - SAFE CP-38E Pollinator Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) Pollinators provide a very important ecological service. Approximately three quarters of

More information

McCormick Pit Category 1 Class A License, Pit Below Water For Blueland Farms Limited. Visual Impact Assessment Report February 2013

McCormick Pit Category 1 Class A License, Pit Below Water For Blueland Farms Limited. Visual Impact Assessment Report February 2013 McCormick Pit Category 1 Class A License, Pit Below Water For Blueland Farms Limited Visual Impact Assessment Report February 2013 TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY... v 1.0 BACKGROUND... 1 Figure 1.

More information

4.1 AESTHETICS EXISTING ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING ALAMITOS BAY MARINA REHABILITATION PROJECT CITY OF LONG BEACH

4.1 AESTHETICS EXISTING ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING ALAMITOS BAY MARINA REHABILITATION PROJECT CITY OF LONG BEACH 4.1 AESTHETICS This section provides a discussion of the existing visual and aesthetic resources on site and in the surrounding area as well as an analysis of potential impacts from implementation of the

More information

Rick Sherman Farm to School / School Garden Coordinator

Rick Sherman Farm to School / School Garden Coordinator School Garden Food Safety Arm to School Summit January 29, 2015 Rick Sherman Farm to School / School Garden Coordinator ODE Farm To School Website: www.ode.state.or.us/go/f2sgardens Everything located

More information

2011 ASLA Design Awards

2011 ASLA Design Awards 2011 ASLA Design Awards Interstate 70 Mountain Corridor Aesthetic Guidance Honor Award Design Workshop, Aspen / THK Associates, Inc. / CH2MHill Planning and Urban Design Project Title: Interstate70 Mountain

More information

Visual Assessment and Addendum

Visual Assessment and Addendum Seward Highway Milepost 75 90 Road and Bridge Rehabilitation Project Visual Assessment and Addendum January 2016 Contents: Addendum for the MP 88 Variant Errata: The and Addendum for the MP 88 Variant

More information

COMMUNITY DESIGN. GOAL: Create livable and attractive communities. Intent

COMMUNITY DESIGN. GOAL: Create livable and attractive communities. Intent COMMUNITY DESIGN Intent An attractive, well-designed County will attract quality development, instill civic pride, improve the visual character of the community, and create a strong, positive image for

More information

This Hazard Tree Recognition Training is dedicated to Gwen Saltis Trail Crew Leader, Inyo National Forest. July 19, 2003 Think about the future but

This Hazard Tree Recognition Training is dedicated to Gwen Saltis Trail Crew Leader, Inyo National Forest. July 19, 2003 Think about the future but This Hazard Tree Recognition Training is dedicated to Gwen Saltis Trail Crew Leader, Inyo National Forest. July 19, 2003 Think about the future but don t forget about the present. This presentation was

More information

Hazard Tree Awareness

Hazard Tree Awareness Hazard Tree Awareness USDA Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Region This presentation was prepared by: John Pronos Plant Pathologist Forest Health Protection Stanislaus National Forest Sonora, California

More information

LANDSCAPE GUIDELINES. Countryside & Coastal Countryside Environments. Landscape, Natural Character & Amenity Values Guide

LANDSCAPE GUIDELINES. Countryside & Coastal Countryside Environments. Landscape, Natural Character & Amenity Values Guide Landscape, Natural Character & Amenity Values Guide Copyright WDC 2009 Version A2 18May09 Environmental Services Group Publication Countryside & Coastal Countryside Environments START HERE Quality Land

More information

Southwest Fleetwood Enclave

Southwest Fleetwood Enclave Southwest Fleetwood Enclave Development Concept Plan Southwest Fleetwood Enclave 1 st Land Owners Meeting April 30 th, 2012 Presentation Overview Why the Plan? ; Overview & Purpose of Study; Constraints

More information

Oregon Farm to School Childhood Obesity Prevention Summit Lebanon, OR - April 20, 2016

Oregon Farm to School Childhood Obesity Prevention Summit Lebanon, OR - April 20, 2016 Oregon Farm to School Childhood Obesity Prevention Summit Lebanon, OR - April 20, 2016 Rick Sherman Farm to School / School Garden Coordinator My Story 32 yrs. FSMC Past 20/FSD Coach Last SD: 19 Gardens;

More information

CHAPTER 1. Ms. Guajardo s Class - Central Elementary CH 1 1

CHAPTER 1. Ms. Guajardo s Class - Central Elementary CH 1 1 INTRODUCTION CHAPTER 1 Ms. Guajardo s Class - Central Elementary CH 1 1 1.1 SETTING South Centre City is a linear corridor south of Downtown Escondido paralleling Centre City Parkway and South Escondido

More information

Presented at USSD Conference April 20-24, 2009, Nashville, TN HIDING IN PLAIN SIGHT USING THE NATURAL LANDSCAPE AS A VISUAL BARRIER ABSTRACT

Presented at USSD Conference April 20-24, 2009, Nashville, TN HIDING IN PLAIN SIGHT USING THE NATURAL LANDSCAPE AS A VISUAL BARRIER ABSTRACT HIDING IN PLAIN SIGHT USING THE NATURAL LANDSCAPE AS A VISUAL BARRIER 1 Andrew Aceves, P.G., Paul C. Rizzo Associates, Inc. 2 Melissa L. Dubinsky, Ph.D, Paul C. Rizzo Associates, Inc. 3 Craig Giesmann,

More information

Mendota Heights 2040 Comprehensive Plan Draft Vers

Mendota Heights 2040 Comprehensive Plan Draft Vers 4 Parks and Trails The City of Mendota Heights boasts a variety of recreational and open space opportunities. Few cities can claim access to regional trails, riverside and lakeside parks, scenic bluffs

More information

WATERLOO RECREATION AREA PHASE 2 LONG-RANGE ACTION GOALS. September 2012

WATERLOO RECREATION AREA PHASE 2 LONG-RANGE ACTION GOALS. September 2012 September 2012 PHASE 2 LONG RANGE ACTION GOALS PLAN Long-range management guidance focused on the specific natural resources, historic-cultural resources, recreation opportunities and the education-interpretation

More information

Red Alder Tree Growing. Plantation Establishment Alex Dobkowski - Weyerhaeuser 1

Red Alder Tree Growing. Plantation Establishment Alex Dobkowski - Weyerhaeuser 1 Red Alder Tree Growing Plantation Establishment 10-27-09 Alex Dobkowski - Weyerhaeuser 1 Red Alder Tree Growing Planting Establishment The keys to achieving good yields for red alder is to plant it on

More information

Community Conservation Workshop. Lake Placid

Community Conservation Workshop. Lake Placid Community Conservation Workshop Lake Placid 2 Community Conservation Program Welcome! We have designed a Community Conservation Program that listens to the needs of community members. We are conducting

More information

WATERFRONT PLACE CENTRAL MIXED USE REDEVELOPMENT PROJECT

WATERFRONT PLACE CENTRAL MIXED USE REDEVELOPMENT PROJECT WATERFRONT PLACE CENTRAL MIXED USE REDEVELOPMENT PROJECT View Impact Analysis - Summary Narrative The view impact analysis conducted for the Waterfront Place Central mixed-use redevelopment project proposal

More information

Arlington, Virginia is a worldclass

Arlington, Virginia is a worldclass EXECUTIVE S U M M A RY Arlington maintains a rich variety of stable neighborhoods, quality schools and enlightened land use policies, and received the Environmental Protection Agency s highest award for

More information

Glenn Highway MP DSR. Landscape Narrative

Glenn Highway MP DSR. Landscape Narrative Glenn Highway MP 34-42 DSR Landscape Narrative Project Landscape Goals The Glenn Highway MP 34-42 Project extends through a variety of landscape types typical to the Matanuska-Susitna Valley. In general,

More information

Creating Complete Roadway Corridors:

Creating Complete Roadway Corridors: Creating Complete Roadway Corridors: The AASHTO Guide to Transportation Landscape Architecture and Environmental Design NCHRP Project 15-33 Status Report AASHTO Standing Committee on Design Technical Committee

More information

3.16 Visual Affected Environment. Sterling Highway MP Project Draft SEIS Chapter 3, Affected Environment and Environmental Consequences

3.16 Visual Affected Environment. Sterling Highway MP Project Draft SEIS Chapter 3, Affected Environment and Environmental Consequences 3 Affected Environment and Environmental Consequences 3.16 Visual 3.16.1 Affected Environment Sterling Highway MP 45 60 Project Draft SEIS This section identifies existing scenic resources within the project

More information

THE SCORE CARD. Observed Soil Properties. Interpretive Soil Properties

THE SCORE CARD. Observed Soil Properties. Interpretive Soil Properties Rev. 07/18/2008 Jim Doolittle Doug Malo Tom Schumacher Plant Science Department SDSU and Kent Cooley Lance Howe Bruce Kunze Jim Millar Walt Schaefer Dan Shurtliff Steve Winter USDA Natural Resources Conservation

More information

Visual Analysis. Prepared for: State of Alaska Department of Transportation and Public Facilities. and

Visual Analysis. Prepared for: State of Alaska Department of Transportation and Public Facilities. and Prepared for: State of Alaska Department of Transportation and Public Facilities and Prepared by: HDR Alaska, Inc. 2525 C Street, Suite 305 Anchorage, AK 99503 Land Design North/USKH 2515 A Street Anchorage,

More information

6.0 CARSON COLONY VOLTAIRE CANYON

6.0 CARSON COLONY VOLTAIRE CANYON 6.0 CARSON COLONY VOLTAIRE CANYON FUEL HAZARD: MODERATE COMMUNITY RISK: HIGH The Carson Colony-Voltaire Canyon neighborhood is located to the west of Curry Street, bounded on the north by the Humboldt

More information

LESSON NINE: How Plants Grow and Respond to Grazing

LESSON NINE: How Plants Grow and Respond to Grazing LESSON NINE: How Plants Grow and Respond to Grazing Plants Are Like a Factory Factories utilize the manufacturing process to use energy to turn raw materials into a product. Like a factory, plants utilize

More information

Visual and Aesthetics

Visual and Aesthetics Such a connection could accommodate timed transfers and improve connections between local transit service and Presidio Shuttle service. Level of Service The results of the analysis are provided on a route-by-route

More information

FOSTER COMPREHENSIVE PLAN UPDATE CIRCULATION

FOSTER COMPREHENSIVE PLAN UPDATE CIRCULATION 5.8.1 INTRODUCTION CIRCULATION The Circulation Element of the Comprehensive Plan studies the routes and modes of travel. The circulation network of the town affects the ease of movement through Foster

More information

VISUAL ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE TRI-STATE MONTROSE-NUCLA-CAHONE TRANSMISSION LINE IMPROVEMENT PROJECT SOUTHWEST COLORADO

VISUAL ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE TRI-STATE MONTROSE-NUCLA-CAHONE TRANSMISSION LINE IMPROVEMENT PROJECT SOUTHWEST COLORADO FOR THE TRI-STATE MONTROSE-NUCLA-CAHONE TRANSMISSION LINE IMPROVEMENT PROJECT SOUTHWEST COLORADO Prepared for Tri-State Generation and Transmission Association, Inc. 1100 West 116 th Avenue Westminster,

More information

An Introduction to the Far North Land Use Strategy

An Introduction to the Far North Land Use Strategy An Introduction to the Far North Land Use Strategy December, 2013 Ministry of Natural Resources Table of Contents PREFACE... 3 About the Far North... 3 Evolution of Land Use Planning in the Far North...

More information

MOUNT ROSE AND WASHOE VALLEY SCENIC BYWAY CORRIDOR MANAGEMENT PLANS

MOUNT ROSE AND WASHOE VALLEY SCENIC BYWAY CORRIDOR MANAGEMENT PLANS MOUNT ROSE AND WASHOE VALLEY SCENIC BYWAY CORRIDOR MANAGEMENT PLANS PARK COMMISSION JANUARY 5, 2016 PREPARED BY Aspen Asheville Austin Chicago Denver Dubai Houston Lake Tahoe Los Angeles CORRIDOR MANAGEMENT

More information

Master Plan Objectives and Policies

Master Plan Objectives and Policies Master Plan Objectives and Policies Introduction This chapter identifies the Park issues and recommended policies established by this Master Plan. The issues were identified through meetings with staff,

More information

This page intentionally blank.

This page intentionally blank. This page intentionally blank. Parks, Recreation, and Open Space Chapter Relationship to Vision Vision Parks, Recreation and Open Space Chapter Concepts County Government. County government that is accountable

More information

Assessment of Landscape, Visual and Natural Character Effects

Assessment of Landscape, Visual and Natural Character Effects Assessment of Landscape, Visual and Natural Character Effects Consent Footprint Amendments Mangamaunu Half Moon Bay Okiwi Bay South Report prepared for: New Zealand Transport Agency and KiwiRail Holdings

More information

Midtown Greenway Land Use and Development Plan Executive Summary

Midtown Greenway Land Use and Development Plan Executive Summary Midtown Greenway Land Use and Development Plan Executive Summary Introduction The Midtown Greenway Land Use and Development Plan sets policy direction for land use and development in the Midtown Greenway

More information

Physical Structure. This historic image from 1882 emphasizes the dramatic topography that distinguishes Cornell s setting at the top of East Hill.

Physical Structure. This historic image from 1882 emphasizes the dramatic topography that distinguishes Cornell s setting at the top of East Hill. Physical Structure The natural, agrarian and urban setting for Cornell s campus is a precious resource to protect and enhance. It has also shaped the physical structure of the campus. Buildings, roads

More information

APPENDIX V FRAMEWORK VISUAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT PLAN

APPENDIX V FRAMEWORK VISUAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT PLAN APPENDIX V FRAMEWORK VISUAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT PLAN TABLE OF CONTENTS V1.0 INTRODUCTION... 1 V1.1 PLAN PURPOSE... 1 V1.2 PLAN UPDATES... 1 V1.3 AGENCY-SPECIFIC LAWS, REGULATIONS AND STANDARDS... 1 V1.3.1

More information

LANDSCAPE CHARACTER ASSESSMENT

LANDSCAPE CHARACTER ASSESSMENT THE COUNTY DURHAM LANDSCAPE CHARACTER ASSESSMENT FOREWORD The landscape of County Durham is one of great contrast and diversity. From the North Pennines in the west to the Durham Coast in the east it contains

More information

Right-of-Way Acquisitions and Relocations Technical Memorandum

Right-of-Way Acquisitions and Relocations Technical Memorandum Right-of-Way Acquisitions and Relocations Technical Memorandum Southeast Extension Project Lincoln Station to RidgeGate Parkway Prepared for: Federal Transit Administration Prepared by: Denver Regional

More information

Washington Pass Overlook

Washington Pass Overlook Washington Pass Overlook The Washington Pass Overlook is located on the Methow Valley Ranger District on the Okanogan-Wenatchee National Forest. The overlook is at the crest of Washington Pass and is part

More information

Transportation Improvements

Transportation Improvements Transportation Improvements 0 0 Volume II of the Final EIS for the DHS Headquarters consolidation at St. Elizabeths includes analysis to transportation improvements for the DHS Headquarters Consolidation

More information

Preface. Erie. Scranton. Allentown. Pittsburgh. Harrisburg. Philadelphia

Preface. Erie. Scranton. Allentown. Pittsburgh. Harrisburg. Philadelphia The Southern Alleghenies Region The Southern Alleghenies Region spans the Laurel Highlands and Allegheny Front in the west across the Appalachians to the east. It is comprised of Blair, Bedford, Cambria,

More information

Gather information from online resources covering the following topics:

Gather information from online resources covering the following topics: Assignment #1: Regional Analysis Project Site Location: Greater Boston Area What comprises a region? The many elements within a region comprise the region as a whole. Natural as well as manmade environmental

More information

Joe Pool Lake Master Plan Revision Public Information Meeting May 23, 2017

Joe Pool Lake Master Plan Revision Public Information Meeting May 23, 2017 Joe Pool Lake Master Plan Revision Public Information Meeting May 23, 2017 Presented By Jason Owen Lake Manager U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Fort Worth District US Army Corps of Engineers Purpose of this

More information

PSRC REVIEW REPORT & CERTIFICATION RECOMMENDATION

PSRC REVIEW REPORT & CERTIFICATION RECOMMENDATION PSRC REVIEW REPORT & CERTIFICATION RECOMMENDATION KITSAP COUNTY COUNTYWIDE PLANNING POLICIES July 2, 2012 BACKGROUND A major emphasis of the Washington State Growth Management Act (GMA) is the need to

More information

Consequences of Landscape Patterns on Flows of Energy, Nutrients, Organisms

Consequences of Landscape Patterns on Flows of Energy, Nutrients, Organisms Consequences of Landscape Patterns on Flows of Energy, Nutrients, Organisms Consequences of Landscape Patterns on Flows of Energy, Nutrients, Organisms Questions: How does landscape structure influence

More information

Landscape Ecology and EA in Ontario:

Landscape Ecology and EA in Ontario: Landscape Ecology and EA in Ontario: Bridging Gaps in Biodiversity Assessment Christina Rehbein, Dr. Scott Mitchell & Dr. Mike Brklacich Carleton University OAIA 2017 18 October 2017 Biodiversity and EA

More information

RV Park/Campground Operator s Manual

RV Park/Campground Operator s Manual RV Park/Campground Operator s Manual Chapter 9 Principles For Designing A New RV Park/Campground The Region The Site (Land) / maps, conditions, climate, topography, drainage, site evaluation Facilities

More information

systems is available on the Colorado Wetland Information Center (CWIC) website.

systems is available on the Colorado Wetland Information Center (CWIC) website. Colorado Natural Heritage Program Wetland Program Plan -- Dec 2015 Status Update and Addendum -- The Colorado Natural Heritage Program (CNHP) developed a Wetland Program Plan (WPP) in 2010 for the planning

More information

Glenborough at Easton Land Use Master Plan

Glenborough at Easton Land Use Master Plan Land Use Framework November 30, 2007 2.0 LAND USE FRAME- WORK 2.1 LAND USE HISTORY and Setting Glenborough at Easton is located on property that was used for mining in the 19th and 20th centuries and rocket

More information