Baker, Victoria., Emanuel Hahn and Elizabeth Wyn Wood. National Gallery of Canada, 1997.

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1 BIBLIOGRAPHY Baker, Marilyn. To Honor and Remember: Remembrances of the Great War, The Next of Kin Monument in Winnipeg, Manitoba History 2, 1981, at Baker, Victoria., Emanuel Hahn and Elizabeth Wyn Wood. National Gallery of Canada, Black, Jonathan. Thanks for the Memory: War memorials, spectatorship and the trajectories of commemoration , in Matters of Conflict: Material Culture, Memory and the First World War, edited by Nicholas J. Saunders. Routledge, Brockville Museum Website ( cenotaph.html) Buckerfield, David. Anglo Zulu War on the website The British Empire: Where the Sun Never Sets. ( Canadian War Museum Website, including Canada and the First World War, (at ( graves e.aspx) and The War s Impact on Canada (at e.aspx). Commonwealth War Graves Commission website ( of cwgc.aspx). Connecticut Historical Society, Connecticut Civil War Monuments. ( Directorate of History and Heritage, Department of National Defence and the Canadian Forces at cpm.forces.gc.ca/dhh dhp/nic inm/smrm/index eng.asp. Honouring the Fallen: Imperial and Commonwealth War Graves and Cemeteries, on the website The British Empire. ( Faust, Drew Gilpin. This Republic of Suffering: Death and the American Civil War. New York: Alfred A. Knopf Sources 1

2 Grissom, Carol A. Cemetery Monuments Made of Zinc, Smithsonian Museum Conservation Institute. ( tml) King, Alex. Memorials of the Great War in Britain: The Symbolism and Politics of Remembrance. The Legacy of the Great War. Oxford and New York: Berg, Jones, Meurig, A Survey of Memorials to the Second Anglo Boer War in the United Kingdom and Eire, first published in the Journal of the Africana Society, Anglo Boer War Centenary Issue, No 15 (1999); updated Found at belli.co.uk/abwmp/survey/abwmp_ _survey.html. Law Society of Upper Canada website at ( Museum/WW1/The World War One Memorial/). Lichfield, John. The Birth of the War Graves commission, and the Furious Controversy it Sparked, the Independent (Sunday 10 November 2013). ( history/the birth of the wargraves commission and the furious controversy it sparked html). MacLeod Alan. Annotated photostreams of figurative war memorials across the country. See particularly The Memorialists at and War Memorials at Manitoba Historical Society Website, various headings. Nicolas Pirotton, at Reed, Paul, Canadian Soldier at Sherman, Daniel J. The Construction of Memory in Interwar France. University of Chicago Press, Shipley, Robert. To Mark our Place: A History of Canadian War Memorials. Toronto: NC Press, Sources 2

3 Vance, Jonathan F. Remembering Armageddon, in Canada and the First World War: Essays in Honour of Robert Craig Brown, edited by David MacKenzie. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2005). Varley, Karine. Remembering the Franco Prussian War Dead: Setting Precedents for the First World War, on the website History of Modern France at War at the franco prussianwar dead setting precedents for the first world war/. We Will Remember: War Monuments in Canada website at Wikipedia (various headings). Winnipeg and Manitoba Free Press (archives; various editions). Winnipeg Tribune (archives; various editions). Winnipeg Historic Buildings Committee, Boulevard Provencher Belgian War Memorial, January Sources 3

4 Image Credits Most images for which no source is provided in the text are borrowed from the photo collections of the Historic Resources Branch of Manitoba Tourism, Culture, Heritage, Sport & Consumer Protection. Images in the public realm are also not credited in the main text, and a source may not be provided here. In that case, searching the internet for the image is likely to bring up many versions. It should be noted that the web urls given here may change and become incorrect at any time, and we do not have the capacity to update them. An online search is likely to result in success. Many photographs were found at Wikimedia Commons, and have been placed in the public realm by their authors. For other photographs found online, an effort has been made to obtain permission for use where possible. Everyone who responded to our requests gave us permission to use their photographs, for which we are very grateful. Attributions are provided in the text for all photographs found online. Introduction Sopwith Camels: Billy Barker: orge_barker_( ).jpg Canadian Soldiers going over the top: war itrench warfare/photo8 Carrying a casualty on a stretcher: day in flanders fields.html History Ancient Precedents: Arch of Titus: (By Dnalor 01 (Own work) [CC BY SA 3.0 ( via Wikimedia Commons) 19 th Century Franco Prussian War memorial: Civil War Memorial, Stratford, CT: Sources 4

5 Volunteers Monument, Winnipeg: and War Memorials in Manitoba: An Artistic Legacy Early 20 th Century Boer War Memorial, Camperdown, Australia: war memorialcamperdown rowe collection.jpg Boer War Memorial, Nottingham, England: Boer War Memorial Fountain, Halifax: map/boer war memorial fountain/ First World War War Graves Information Card: graves e.aspx) Imperial War Graves Commission War Cemetery: Brandon Cross of Sacrifice: Brookside Stone of Remembrance: canadianagency.ca/s15/workseng.php Thiepval Monument to the Missing: memorial somme france.html and Canadian Vimy Memorial: dieppe.html and vimyfoundation/canada_bereft/ (<div xmlns:cc=ʺ about=ʺ vimyfoundation/canada_bereft/ʺ><a rel=ʺcc:attributionurlʺ property=ʺcc:attributionnameʺ href=ʺ MacKay</a> / <a rel=ʺlicenseʺ href=ʺ nd/3.0/ʺ>cc BY ND 3.0</a></div>), cropped Sources 5

6 The Cenotaph and the Unknown Warrior Unveiling of the Whitehall Cenotaph: The Making of a Memorial New Zealand memorial figure: memorialsof new zealand ii.html Australian memorial figure: or perish.blogspot.ca/2012_01_01_archive.html Beaumesnil, France Memorial: Monument morts.jpg. By Codepem (Own work) [GFDL ( or CC BY SA ( sa/3.0)], via Wikimedia Commons St. Boniface Memorial: cpm.forces.gc.ca/dhh dhp/nic inm/smrm/mdsr rdr eng.asp?pid=2703 Bank of Montréal Memorial, Winnipeg: cpm.forces.gc.ca/dhhdhp/nic inm/sm rm/mdsr rdr eng.asp?pid=4635). Bank of Montréal Memorial, Montréal: cpm.forces.gc.ca/dhhdhp/nic inm/sm rm/mdsr rdr eng.asp?pid=6621) Hotel Vancouver: _.jpg. (<div xmlns:cc=ʺ xmlns:dct=ʺ about=ʺ property=ʺdct:titleʺ>harry Palmer Photographs</span> (<a rel=ʺcc:attributionurlʺ property=ʺcc:attributionnameʺ href=ʺ Palmer Photographer</a>) / <a rel=ʺlicenseʺ href=ʺ nc nd/3.0/ʺ>cc BY NC ND 3.0</a></div>, cropped) Garnier at work: consv/provencher0 long.pdf Unveiling of Belgian Monument: long.pdf Sources 6

7 Hahn s Winnipeg Cenotaph model: Hahn s Tommy in his Greatcoat : Nicolas Pirotton: Brockville War Memorial: morial/1920%20war%20memorial%202.jpg Taylor s War Memorial in Prince Albert, SK: ml) Thomson Monument Company advertisement: North Bay War Memorial: warmonument north bay/ Guide to Manitoba Memorial Types Tablets Egyptian Stele: Cairns Scottish Cairn: table.html Obelisks Obelisk of Theodosius: 7.jpg (By Gryffindor (Own work) [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons) Cenotaphs London Cenotaph: London The_Cenotaph.jpg (By Godot13 (Own work) [CC BY SA 3.0 ( sa/3.0)], via Wikimedia Commons) Statues Ottawa War Memorial: Base_of_National_War_Memorial.jpg (By D. Gordon E. Robertson (Own work) [CC Sources 7

8 BY SA 3.0 ( sa/3.0) or GFDL ( via Wikimedia Commons) Standard Canadian Uniform: Men in Uniform with Webbing: Local World War I Stories Binscarth The Funeral of Sister Margaret Lowe: veterans.gc.ca/eng/remembrance) Sources 8