Landscape construction processes through a quality management system

Transcription

1 Landscape construction processes through a quality management system BY: Hesham Ibrahim Mohammed Hendawy A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Engineering at Cairo University In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science In ARCHITECTURE ENGINEERING Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University Giza, Egypt 2012

2 Landscape construction processes through a quality management system BY: Hesham Ibrahim Mohammed Hendawy A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Engineering at Cairo University In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science In ARCHITECTURE ENGINEERING Under the supervision of Prof. Dr. Ayman Hassan Ahmed Professor of Architecture Architecture department Cairo University Assoc. Prof. Dr. Ahmed M. Amin Associate professor of Architecture Architecture department Cairo University Assoc. Prof. Dr. Sherif M. Rabie Khashaba Associate professor of Architecture Architecture department Zagazig University Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University Giza, Egypt 2012

3 Landscape construction processes through a quality management system BY: Hesham Ibrahim Mohammed Hendawy A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Engineering at Cairo University In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science In ARCHITECTURE ENGINEERING Approved by the examining committee Prof. Dr. Ayman Hassan Ahmed, Thesis main supervisor. Assoc. Prof. Dr. Ahmed Mohamed Amin, Supervisor. Assoc. Prof. Dr. Sherif Mohamed Rabie Khashaba, Supervisor. Assoc. Professor, Zagazig University. Prof. Dr. Hesham Sameh Hussein Sameh, Member. Professor of Architecture, Cairo University Prof. Dr. Mahmoud Mohamed Fathy El Alfy, Member. Professor of Architecture, Zagazig University. Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University Giza, Egypt 2012

4 Dedication I dedicate this research work to my supervisors who never failed to teach and guide me, to my family who supports me in everything, to my wife who helped me finished this research with love, and most of all to the Almighty God who gives me strength and good health while doing this.

5 Engineer: Hesham Ibrahim Mohamed Hendawy Date of Birth: 2 / 2 / 1985 Nationality : Egyptian Hesham1600@yahoo.com Phone. : Address: 29, street no. 9, El-Zhoor District, Zagazig. Registration Date: 1 / 10 / 2006 Awarding Date: Degree: Master of Science. Department: Architecture Engineering. Supervisors: - Prof. Dr. Ayman Hassan Ahmed, - Assoc. Prof. Dr. Ahmed Mohamed Amin - Assoc. Prof. Dr. Sherif Mohamed Rabie Khashaba. (Assoc. Professor, Zagazig University.) Examiners: Title of Thesis : - Prof. Dr. Ayman Hassan Ahmed, - Assoc. Prof. Dr. Ahmed Mohamed Amin - Assoc. Prof. Dr. Sherif Mohamed Rabie Khashaba. (Assoc. Professor, Zagazig University.) - Prof. Dr. HeshamSameh Hussein Sameh. - Prof. Dr. Mahmoud Mohamed Fathy El Alfy, (Professor, Zagazig University.) Landscape construction processes through a quality management system Key Words: Landscape Construction, Quality system, Matrix, Checklist, Resorts. Summary: The care about landscape projects and quality management system in Egypt has increased in the last few years. This research discusses the most common methodologies and criteria for landscape construction processes through a quality management system in Egypt. The main research problem is the absence of clear landscape construction Processes criteria and methodologies through a quality management system in the Egyptian landscape field. So, research aims to extract bundles of criteria and methodologies which achieve quality management system in landscape construction processes and stages, through a simple checklist format. Also check the credibility and comprehensiveness of these checklist indicators, by applying it on under-construction landscape projects which use a quality management system. For achieving research goals, the researcher uses inductive, analytical and applied methodology. The research managed to extract a bundle of criteria and methodologies that achieves quality management system during landscape construction processes. Checklist is implemented on case study specimens; implementation of checklist shows agreement and refused percentage of these projects with the suggested quality criteria. Finally, the research ends with a number of recommendations and the researcher further works.

6 Contents : Contents... List of tables... List of figures.. Abstract:... I Research introduction.... III Research problems:... IV Research goals:... IV Research limitations:... IV Research methodology:... V Research structure:... VI Chapter One: Landscape Industry Overview : Overview : Landscape industry definitions and branches : Landscape design : Program information gathering : Site base map : Site features and characteristics analysis : Hard landscaping : Soft landscaping : Landscape design process : Diagrams and drawings within the design process : Functional diagrams : Preliminary designs plans : Final plans : Landscape construction : 5-1 Legal requirements of landscape construction process : Landscape construction main documents... 14

7 : Project manual : Project specifications : Landscape construction drawings : Site preparation plans : Site layout : Grading plans : Utility plans : Planting plans : Construction details : Landscape management : Project management fundamental criteria : Project management knowledge areas : Project integration management : Project time management : Project cost management : Project quality management : Project communications management : Project human resource management : Project scope management : Project procurement management : Project risk management : Landscape maintenance : Participants in landscape industry : Owners : Architects and engineers : Landscape architects : Landscape designers : Sub consultants : General contractors : Landscape construction contractors : Landscape maintenance contractors... 26

8 1-8-9: Suppliers and manufacturers : Landscape project as a process : Conclusio: CHAPTER 2: PREPARATION PROCESSES FOR LANDSCAPE CONSTRUCTION AND UTILITIES INSTALLATION : Overview : Landscape construction development : Planning the construction stages : Bar charts (Gantt charts) : Logical network scheduling (CPM) : Additional scheduling methods : Site preparation : Landscape pre-construction activities : Construction limits : Construction temporary site fencing : Site main access and secondary accesses : Storage of materials : Site security : Temporary lighting : Site office accommodation : Preservation of existing site elements : Plant material protection : Structure protection : Pavement protection : Utility protection : Removing unwanted site elements : Plant material removal : Removing shrubs : Tree removal : Pavement removal : Utility abandonment and removal... 52

9 2-4: Site grading : Stripping sod : Strip topsoil and stockpile : Rough grading : Re-spread topsoil : Finish grading : Site drainage : Surface drainage : Grading slopes : Grading : Grading diversion berms : Subsurface drainage : French drains : Tile systems : Landscape lighting and related electrical works : Low-voltage electrical systems : High-voltage electrical systems : Landscape irrigation systems : Types of landscape irrigation systems : Sprinkler irrigation system : Classification of sprinkler systems : Sprinkler irrigation system installation : Trickle irrigation system : Emitters : Water, gas and telecommunications utilities : Water systems : Gas systems : Phone, TV, and telecommunications systems : Future use conduits : Conclusion... 73

10 CHAPTER 3: LANDSCAPE CONSTRUCTION COMMON PROCEDURES : Overview : Landscape retaining walls : Retaining structures usage causes : Types of retaining structures : Reinforced embankments : Rigid retaining walls : Unit and stack retaining wall systems : Units retaining wall basic installation steps : Stacking wall layout : Excavation for wall construction : Base preparation : Placement of first course and subsequent courses : Drainage behind walls : Landscape fabric installation : Compaction behind walls : Ending walls : Landscape paving : Landscape paving classification : Pavement classification depending on design : Pavement classified depending on its structure : Selection of paving material : Pavements main installation techniques : Stacking pavement layout : Stripping sod layer : Excavation for paving works: : Rough grade preparation : Subsurface utility work : Correcting sub grade problems : Geotextile installation : Base material installation... 95

11 : Edge restraints for paved surfaces : Asphalt paving construction : Landscape planting : Landscape main plants classification : Herbaceous plants : Lawns : Aquatic and semi-aquatic plants : Cactus and succulent plants : Climbers and creepers : Shrubs : Trees : Palms : Landscape transplanting techniques : The time to transplant : Soil conditioning for installation : Plants installation : Plants mulching : Using antitranspirants : Lawn construction : Seeding technique : Sod dings technique : Plugging technique : Grading and draining the new lawn : First lawn mowing : Conclusion CHAPTER 4 : QUALITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM FUNDAMENTALS : Overview : Quality management definitions : Quality management activities : Anatomy of the standards : Quality management process (PQM)

12 4-5-1: Defining the current process : Discovering customer needs and flowcharting the process : Establishing process measurements : Analyzing the process : Designing (or redesigning) the process : Total quality management : Total quality management main factors : Process/product design : Conclusion CHAPTER 5: RESEARCH ANALYTICAL MATRIX AND CONCLUSION OF THE CHECKLIST : Overview : Analytical study structure : Landscape construction processes and quality management system matrix relation : Landscape construction processes checklist through a quality management system : The main steps to construct research checklist : Advantages of using quality checklist at landscape construction process : Structure of research cheek list : CHAPTER 6: APPLIED STUDY METHODOLOGY AND CASE STUDIES : Overview : Research applied study frame work : Applied study methodology : Applied study goals : Scope and limitation for selecting application specimen : Tools for gathering data : Sharm Lagon resort : Project general data

13 6-3-2: Landscape construction stage data : Site investigation photos : Checklist answers : Checklist results analysis : Sunterra resort : Project general data : Landscape construction stage data : Site investigation photos : Checklist answers : Checklist results analysis : Sinai golf heights resort : Project general data : Landscape construction stage data : Site investigation photos : Checklist answers : Checklist results analysis : Discussion of research applied study results : CHAPTER 7: RESEARCH RESULTS AND RECOMMENDATIONS : Overview : Research results : Research recommendations : Further works Appendix: References:

14 LIST OF TABLES : Table 1-1: Site features and characteristics... 7 Table 1-2: Stages in a landscape installation project Table 2-1 : Landscape elements minimum and maximum grading ratio for surface drainage systems Table 2-2 : Comparing between tile systems to drain surface areas and tiles systems to draining subsurface water Table 2-3 : Comparison of sprinkler and trickle systems Table 2-4 : Sprinkler irrigation system installation Table 3-1: Use of retaining structures Table 3-2 : Main types of rigid retaining walls Table 3-3 : Main types of unit retaining wall systems Table 3-4 : Main bases types for retaining walls Table 3-5 : Retaining walls different types, placement of first course and subsequent courses techniques Table 3-6 : Edge restraints materials for paved surfaces Table 3-7: Main Plants installation techniques Table 4-1: Over view of the ISO 9000 family of standards Table 4-2 : Service and products quality dimensions comparing Table 4-3: Critical factors of quality management Table 5-1 : Landscape construction process and quality management system matrix Table 5-2 : Research landscape construction checklist through a quality management system Table 6-1 : Project general data resort for Sharm lagon Table 6-2 : Landscape construction stage data for Sharm lagon resort Table 6-3 : Sharm lagon checklist answers Table 6-4 : Sharm Lagon resort, analysis of checklist answers Table 6-5: General data resort for Sun terra Table 6-6: Landscape construction stage data for Sun terra resort Table 6-7: Sun terra checklist answers

15 Table 6-8: Sun terra resort, analysis of checklist answers Table 6-9 : Project general data resort for Sinai golf heights Table 6-10: Landscape construction stage data for Sinai golf heights Table 6-11: Sinai golf heights checklist answers Table 6-12: Sinai golf heights resort, analysis of checklist answers Table 6-13 : Research practical study conclusion

16 LIST OF FIGURES: Figure 1-1: Landscape industry main branches... 3 Figure 1-2: Landscape design process... 4 Figure 1-3: Site base map... 5 Figure 1-4: The two-stage design process: program analysis and site analysis... 8 Figure 1-5 : Diagrams and drawings within the design process... 9 Figure 1-6: Bubble diagram example Figure 1-7 : Bubble diagram example Figure 1-8 : Landscape plans development up to preliminary plans Figure 1-9 : Howard avenue landscape plan overview Figure 1-10 : Landscape construction plans symbols Figure 1-11 : Landscape construction main drawings Figure 1-12 : Site construction lay out drawing example Figure 1-13 : Grading plan example, showing grading lines Figure 1-14 : Planting plan accompanying with a plant list Figure 1-15: Project management triangle Figure 1-16 : Project management knowledge areas Figure 1-17: Contractual relationships for a large commercial project Figure 1-18: landscape project steps Figure 2-1: Flow chart of the landscape construction processes Figure 2-2 : Sample gantt charts Figure 2-3 : CPM charts identify activities in sequence Figure 2-4: Site preparation main stages Figure 2-5 : Chain link fencing with precast concrete posts Figure 2-6 : Storage allocation example Figure 2-7: Site security provisions Figure 2-8 : Landscape site construction Figure 2-9: Fencing placed at drip line of a tree to protect the root zone Figure 2-10 : Trees protection at landscape construction site Figure 2-11 : Temporary bridging to protect paving Figure 2-12 : Removal of sod... 50

17 Figure 2-13: View of a tree removal Figure 2-14: Example from site for Cut and fill processes Figure 2-15 : Steps of grading process Figure 2-16 : Site drainage main systems Figure 2-17 : Improve drainage by creating a shallow ditch called a drainage swale Figure 2-18 : Grading technique to create drainage swale Figure 2-19 : Diversion berm structure Figure 2-20 : French drains collect and transport water Figure 2-21 : Cross section of rise and cleanout for a tiles drainage system Figure 2-22 : Low voltage systems description Figure 2-23 : Right figure shows poured concrete footing to which site electrical fixture will be bolted. Left figure shows hand hole at the base of a lighting standard. Electrical connections are made inside this hand hole after the fixture has been installed Figure 2-24 : Sprinkler system and trickle system Figure 2-25 : Classification of sprinkler systems Figure 2-26 : Plan of trickle system Figure 2-27 : Emitters concept Figure 3-1 : Types of retaining structures Figure 3-2 : Reinforced Embankments example Figure 3-3 : Units retaining wall basic installation main steps Figure 3-4: Retaining wall main elements...83 Figure 3-5: Preparing an excavation for retaining wall Figure 3-6 : Drainage behind retaining wall, then filling behind wall by crashed stone Figure 3-7 : landscape retaining 2d & 3d section showing drainage behind walls and landscape fabric Figure 3-8 : Rigid paving installation example Figure 3-9: Rigid paving installation example Figure 3-10 : Flexible paving and load distribution diagram... 92

18 Figure 3-11 : Main paving materials Figure 3-12 : Solving drainage problem exists before pavement installation Figure 3-13 : Typical pavement cross section Figure 3-14 : Landscape main plants classification Figure 3-15: Annuals example Figure 3-16 : Perennials example Figure 3-17 : Flower bulbs example Figure 3-18: Lawn example Figure 3-19 : Shrubs Figure 3-20 : Planting installation differs depending on plant type Figure 3-21 : Mulching process Figure 3-22 : Rolls of fresh sod Figure 3-23 : Drainage tile installation under lawn areas Figure 4-1 : The meaning of Quality Figure 4-2: Critical factors of quality management integrated into the transformation process model Figure 5-1 : Analytical study structure Figure 5-2 : Matrix diagram of landscape construction process through quality management system Figure 5-3 : Structure of research cheek sheet Figure 6-1 : Site photos from Sharm-lagon resort Figure 6-2 : Sun terra resort site investigation photos Figure 6-3: Sinai golf height resort site visiting photos

19 Abstract: On one hand, the care about landscape projects in Egypt has increased in the last few years, especially; it becomes an important part of touristic resorts, residential compounds and amusement projects. On the other hand, the success of execution the best international landscape projects is mainly related to the implementation of quality management system and total quality management fundamentals. However, the required interest about landscape construction projects is not found in the local market of Egypt; the absence of specialized local code for landscape construction works is one of its evidences (1). This research discusses the most common methodologies, stages and criteria for landscape construction processes through a quality management system in Egypt. The main research problem is the absence of clear landscape construction Processes criteria and methodologies through a quality management system in the Egyptian landscape field. This research aims to extract bundles of indictors which achieve quality management system in landscape construction processes and stages, through a simple checklist format. Also check the credibility and comprehensiveness of these checklist indicators, by applying it on under-construction landscape projects which use a quality management system. The research is also an attempt to cover the gap resulting from the lake of local data that discusses landscape construction processes in Egypt. For achieving research goals, the inductive methodology is used to reach the most common processes for landscape construction, also to define quality management system, quality management dimensions and total quality management factors. The analytical methodology is also used, by connecting the interlocking relations between various quality system dimensions and landscape processes criteria through a matrix relation. This matrix is used for analyzing the extracted indicators and methodologies from theoretical study and research references; a simple checklist includes common criteria and methodologies through a quality management system are the main result of this matrix relation. Also using applied methodology to check comprehensiveness and ability to use the research checklist indicators in the local market of Egypt, this methodology is done by applying research checklist on a number of under-construction landscape projects. These projects are constructed by Egyptian arms and minds, representing the local Egyptian market. Checklist is filled by project consultant or projects general managers or landscape site engineer using personal interview. According to difficulties faced the researcher in finding these specialized projects; three 1 - This data is gathered from Housing and Building National Research Center"," El-Dokki, Cairo. I

20 projects where chosen in the city of Sharm-Elshekh which distinguished by the presence of giant touristic projects using quality management system during construction phase. As a result of the previously discussions, the research managed to extract a bundle of criteria that achieve quality management system during landscape construction processes, which have reached 40 main criteria and 905 secondary criteria. These criteria are organized in a simple checklist which can be used by site engineers during landscape construction processes as a common tool of quality management system. Checklist is implemented on case study specimens; implementation of checklist shows agreement percentage of these projects with the suggested quality criteria. The agreement percentages of these projects with the suggested criteria are varied from 70% to 76%, the percentages of refused and impossibility to apply suggested criteria are varied from 24% to 30. This research ends with a number of recommendations as, increasing the local awareness about the importance of applying quality management system in landscape projects, also increase the care about scientific research in this field and studying the creation of local specialized code for landscape works. Research also recommends developing the resulting checklist to be fully compatible with the local market of Egypt, and upgrading it to include all stages of construction phases and methodologies which could not be implied in this research, also applying it to a bigger specimens, in order to make this list an active tool in the hands of engineers and specialist during landscape projects. II