Protected Areas A protected area is defined as: A clearly defined geographical space, recognised, dedicated and managed, through legal or other

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2 Protected Areas A protected area is defined as: A clearly defined geographical space, recognised, dedicated and managed, through legal or other effective means, to achieve the long-term conservation of nature with associated ecosystem services and cultural values.

3 Snowdonia Wales Kemeri, Latvia Skaftafell Iceland Variety of landscapes, embedded in cultural identity. Often sculpted by nature and shaped by people. Influenced course of history, inspired artists and thinkers and enriched lives. They are our natural life support system. These protected areas represent the land that is our inheritance, - we hold it in trust for those who come after us. Jostedalsbreen Norway Ferto hansag Hungary Cevennes, France Goreme Turkey La Albufera Spain Triglav Slovenia Piatra Ciaiului Romania

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5 Our mission is..to increase effectiveness in conserving and enhancing natural and cultural heritage, for the well-being and benefit of future generations

6 400 members in 36 countries. Support the work and management of protected areas developing standards and delivering programmes, through international cooperation and networking Conservation, landscape, sustainable development, communications, youth participation,lobbying and advocacy at EU and Council of Europe.

7 Nature knows no boundaries...so EUROPARC is founded on the principle that the future protection and conservation of nature is achieved through INTERNATIONAL CO-OPERATION. International cooperation works best through PERSONAL CONTACT. That through personal contact comes MUTUAL UNDERSTANDING, SHARED EXPERIENCES, KNOWLEDGE AND INNOVATION. This delivers better support and management of protected areas which ensures the FUTURE PROTECTION AND CONSERVATION OF NATURE... because Nature knows no boundaries...

8 Nature + History = Culture Living, Working, Landscape Nature, Natural, Regional parks...

9 Landscapes have histories and these are contained not only in the soils and fauna, and in the traces of human life, But also in the history of the ways of seeing the Land Bernard Cohen 1997

10 Vivendo discimus By living we learn By leaves we live

11 Patrick Geddes, th /20thC biologist, sociologist philosopher and town planner...and with crazy hair and beard...

12 A model for Planning Place Work Folk Linking economic activity to physical environment to economic activity...work may change over time...but interdependancy doesn t 1909

13 Sympathy Synthesis Synergy A process of Management Sympathy Synthesis Synergy for the people and environment of all the factors relevant to the case; the combined co-operative action of everyone involved - in order to achieve the best result. DO SOMETHING!

14 A philosophy of learning

15 Microcosmos naturae, sedes hominum, theatrum historiae, eutopia futuris The Microcosum of Nature, The Home of Man, The Theatre of History, The Good Place of the Future,

16 Sympathy Synthesis Synergy Place Work Folk

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20 Nature Parks/Regional Parks Conservation Recreation Regional Development (sustainable) Education

21 Parks By Numbers Country National Parks % cover Nature/Regional parks %cover France % 48 13% Italy 24 5% % Germany % % Austria 6 2.8% % Spain 14 6% % UK 15 England 9.3% Wales 19.95% Scotland 7.2% 46 AONB E, W and NI Scotland 3 regional parks 40 national scenic areas 18.5% 30%

22 Europe s Nature, Natural and Regional parks A Sleeping Giant

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24 France PROTECTED AREAS IN FRANCE PROTECTED BY LAWS National Parks National and regional natural reserves Listed sites PROTECTED BY AGREEMENTS Natural Regional Parks «Greenways» and «blueways» (trames bleus / vertes) Natura 2000 (EU) PROTECTED BY STATE OWNERSHIP Coastal and lakeshore conservatory Regional natural areas conservatories County sensitive natural areas PROTECTED BY INTERNATIONAL LABELS/AGREEMENTS Biosphere reserve RAMSAR UNESCO WH Sites

25 THE REGIONAL NATURE PARKS ; DIVERSITY OF LIVING LANDSCAPES 48 Regional Natural Parks. Have networking Federation communities = 3706 mayors! Official representation 13% of France companies (7% of France) 5 of 7 Biosphere reserves UNESCO 12% of Parks territories = «Natura 2000» (national average 8%) 34% of tourist nights in a community being a protected area (2006) 26% of tourists come to practise a nature sport in nature: alpinism, climbing, canyoning, sailing, horse riding, hiking,... (2006) Attractive landscapes where people live, not a museum or a resort!

26 REGIONAL NATURAL PARK HOW DOES IT WORK?? A coherent, rural, inhabited territory : the natural and cultural heritage's as strength and weakness Voluntary actions of local collectives inspired by the Region Charter = a territorial project (aims, objectives and plans of actions), evaluated every 12 years. Involvement in a sustainable development plan with the State (recognition and guarantee) To be listed as Regional nature Park = given permission to use the brand Cooperative management based on mediation : to convince but not to force

27 Scotland 3(4) Regional Parks designated in 1980 under regional authorities 2 National Parks Loch Lomond and Trossachs and Cairngorms

28 To retain the essential character of the hills as a place for the peaceful enjoyment of the countryside Caring for the hills so that the landscape and the habitat is protected and enhanced Within this caring framework to encourage responsible public enjoyment of the hills Co-ordination of these aims so that they can co-exist with farming and other land uses within the park A vision without a plan is just a dream. A plan without a vision is just drudgery. But a vision with a plan can change the world

29 Landscape Toolkit Branding Both nationally designated Differing Governance models. Boards, Local Elected. Nominated and Appointed. High levels of Community participation Outward looking. Community Futures

30 Spain 43 different legal PA categories! Different Administrations: 17 regional authorities (Comunidades Autónomas) People in parks: municipalities (16% of total provides territory to PA) 12 million people (30% of Spanish population inside PA Catalonia

31 Parc Natural de la Zona Volcànica de la Garrotxa - Spain What were the challenges? lack of co-ordination in the tourism sector of the area; rather bad and conflicting relationship between tourism; businesses and public administrations low level of professionalism in many of the tourism businesses. Spain s coastal tourism development, in some areas, shows how UNSUSTAINABLE tourism development can be and the dangers and damages it can produce.

32 The Charter gave us a common vision -To establish a bridge linking protected areas with local populations, increasing local welfare and involving at the same time local tourism businesses, in conservation aims and activities

33 99Million of public and private investment was made in the area over the 10 year period 13million through the Charter alone The money supply generated by tourism in the municipalities of Garrotxa during the period between was 700 million euros. In terms of employment were generated, the sum of the period between 2001 and 2010, a total of 8,500 jobs, 70% of them by the direct effect of tourism, 22 % for the indirect effect of tourism and 8% due to the effect of tourism Investment in the tourism industry and the subsequent economic benefit derived, in La Garrotxa would not have happened were it not for the fact of the Charter.

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35 Every Landscape tells a STORY... Identity. Authenticity. Common Vision. Shared Values

36 The challenge for Parks.. A shift in thinking and approach? The landscape of the mind? Do we need to Rediscover Geddes? A (re)newed Paradigm for Parks?

37 Placemaking r Parkmaking Constellation Theory Park Me Again! Think Global...Act Local

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39 Europe s Nature, Natural and Regional parks Time to WAKE the Sleeping Giant

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41 Sympathy Synthesis Synergy Place Work Folk

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43 The creation of Protected Areas...Nature Parks... of Europe is an expression of faith in the future, a pact between generations, a promise from the past to the future. We are the present, will soon be the past and need to ensure we leave a legacy for the future The best way to predict the future is to be involved in creating it!

44 Microcosmos naturae, sedes hominum, theatrum historiae, eutopia futuris The Microcosum of Nature, The Home of Man, The Theatre of History, The Good Place of the Future, Patrick Geddes Thanks from me too!