English version. This draft European standard is submitted to CEN members for formal vote. It has been drawn up by Technical Committee CEN/TC 189.

Transcription

1 EN Page 1 EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPEENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM English version Geotextiles and geotextile-related products Characteristics required for use in the construction of roads and other trafficked areas (excluding railways and asphalt inclusion) Géotextiles et produits apparentés Caractéristiques requises pour l utilisation dans la construction de routes et autres zones de circulation (à l exclusion des voies ferrées et des couches de roulement). Geotextilien und geotextilverwandte Produkte Geforderte Eigenschaften für die Anwendung beim Bau von Straßen und sonstigen Verkehrsflächen (mit Ausnahme von Eisenbahnbau und Asphaltoberbau) This draft European standard is submitted to CEN members for formal vote. It has been drawn up by Technical Committee CEN/TC 189. If this draft becomes a European Standard, CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard without any alteration. This draft European Standard was established by CEN in three official versions (English, French and German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, The Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. CEN European Committee for Standardization Comité Européen de Normalisation Europäisches Komitee für Normung Central Secretariat : rue de Stassart 36, B-1050 Brussels 2000 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any Ref. EN : 2000 E means reserved worldwide for CEN national members

2 Page 2 Foreword This European Standard has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 189 "Geosynthetics", the secretariat of which is held by IBN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by June 2001, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by September This European Standard has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s). For relationship with EU Directive(s), see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this standard. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Introduction This standard allows manufacturers to describe geotextiles and geotextile-related products on the basis of declared values for characteristics relevant to the intended use and if tested to the specified method. It also includes procedures for the evaluation of conformity and factory production control. This standard may also be used by designers, end-users and other interested parties to define which functions and conditions of use are relevant. Performance tests for several characteristics are still under study and will be included when the standard is revised. The term "product" used in this standard refers to a geotextile or geotextile-related product. This European standard is part of a series of standards, addressing the requirements for geotextiles and geotextile-related products when used in a specific application. In annex C guidance is given on how to select the appropriate standard. 1 Scope This European Standard specifies the relevant characteristics of geotextiles and geotextile-related products used in the construction of roads and other trafficked areas (excluding railways and asphaltic inclusion), and the appropriate test methods to determine these characteristics. The intended use of these geotextiles or geotextile-related products is to fulfil one or more of the following functions: filtration, separation and reinforcement. The separation function is always used in conjunction with filtration or reinforcement, accordingly separation will never be specified alone. This standard is not applicable to geomembranes. This standard provides for the evaluation of conformity of the product to this European Standard and for factory production control procedures. This standard defines requirements to be met by manufacturers and distributors with regard to the presentation of product properties.

3 Page 3 NOTE 1 Particular application cases or national specifications may contain requirements regarding additional properties and preferably standardised test methods, if they are technically relevant and not conflicting with European Standards. NOTE 2 This European Standard may be used to derive design values by taking into account factors within the context of the definitions given in Eurocode 7 (ENV ), e.g. factors of safety. The design life of the product should be determined, since its function may be temporary, as a construction expediency, or permanent, for the lifetime of the structure. 2 Normative references This European Standard incorporates by dated or undated references, provisions from other publications. These normative references are quoted at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed hereafter. For dated references, subsequent amendments to, or revisions of any of these publications apply to this European Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the latest edition of the publication referred to applies (including amendments). EN 918 Geotextiles and geotextile-related products Dynamic perforation test (cone drop test) EN 963 Geotextiles and geotextile-related products Sampling and preparation of test specimens EN Geotextiles and geotextile-related products Determination of the resistance to weathering EN Geotextiles and geotextile-related products Method for determining the microbiological resistance by a soil burial test ENV Geotextiles and geotextile-related products Screening test method for determining the resistance to hydrolysis EN ISO Plastics Symbols and abbreviated terms Part 1: Basic polymers and their special characteristics (ISO :1997) EN ISO Geotextiles Wide-width tensile test (ISO 10319:1993) EN ISO Geotextiles and geotextile-related products Identification on site (ISO 10320:1999) EN ISO Geotextiles Tensile test for joints/seams by wide-width method (ISO 10321:1992) ENV ISO Geotextiles and geotextile-related products Procedure for simulating damage during installation Part 1: Installation in granular materials (ISO :1998) EN ISO Geotextiles and geotextile-related products Determination of water permeability characteristics normal to the plane, without load (ISO 11058:1999) EN ISO Geotextiles and geotextile-related products Static puncture test (CBRtest) (ISO 12236:1996) EN ISO Geotextiles and geotextile-related products Determination of the characteristic opening size (ISO 12956:1999) pren ISO :1997 Geotextiles and geotextile-related products Determination of the friction characteristics Part 1: Direct shear test (ISO/DIS :1997) pren ISO :1997 Geotextiles and geotextile-related products Determination of the friction characteristics Part 2: Inclined plane test (ISO/DIS :1997) ENV ISO Geotextiles and geotextile-related products Screening test method for determining the resistance to liquids (ISO/TR 12960:1998)

4 Page 4 EN ISO CR ISO ENV ISO ISO Geotextiles and geotextile-related products Determination of tensile creep rupture behaviour (ISO 13431:1999) Guidelines on durability of geotextiles and geotextile-related products Geotextiles and geotextile-related products Screening test method for determining the resistance to oxidation (ISO/TR 13438:1999) Geotextiles Vocabulary 3 Terms, definitions and abbreviations 3.1 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this European Standard the terms and definitions of ISO apply. The term "product" used in this standard refers to a geotextile or geotextile-related product. Furthermore the following term and definition apply: specification any document in which the work, functions and specific conditions of use of the product are described 3.2 Abbreviations For the purposes of this European Standard the following abbreviations from EN ISO apply: PA: PE: PET: PP: polyamide polyethylene polyethylene terephthalate (polyester) polypropylene Furthermore the following abbreviations apply: MD: CMD: machine direction cross machine direction 4 Required characteristics and corresponding methods of test 4.1 General The main functions of geotextiles and geotextile-related products used in the construction of roads and other trafficked areas are filtration, separation and reinforcement. If a drainage or erosion control system is integrated in the construction, the requirements of the appropriate standards shall also be fulfilled (see annex C). The characteristics, their relevancy to the conditions of use, and the test methods to be used, are given in Table 1. The list of characteristics in Table 1 includes those essential to harmonisation (H), those relevant to all conditions of use (A), and those relevant to specific conditions of use (S). The indication "--" means that the characteristic is not relevant for that function. Where, for the same property, data for more than one function shall be provided, the following ranking order shall be observed: H overrules A, A overrules S, and S overrules "--". The functions and conditions of use, corresponding with the characteristics, marked with "S" in Table 1, are specified in 4.2. As the separation function is always used in conjunction with another function, the separation function shall never be specified alone. The producer of the geotextile or geotextile-related product shall provide the data based on the results of tests specified in this standard, as described in 5.1. For the assessment of durability aspects the rules described in annex B shall be observed.

5 Page 5 Table 1 Geotextiles and geotextile-related products used in the construction of roads and other trafficked areas (excluding railways and asphalt inclusion) Functions, function-related characteristics and test methods to be used Characteristic Test method Functions Filtration Separation Reinforcement (1) Tensile strength b EN ISO H H H (2) Elongation at maximum load EN ISO A A H (3) Tensile strength of seams and joints EN ISO S S S (4) Static puncture (CBR test) a b EN ISO S H H (5) Dynamic perforation resistance (cone drop test) a EN 918 H A H (6) Friction characteristics pren ISO :1997 and pren S S A ISO :1997 (7) Tensile creep EN ISO S (8) Damage during installation ENV ISO A A A (9) Characteristic opening size EN ISO H A -- (10) Water permeability normal to the plane EN ISO H A A (11) Durability According to annex B H H H (11.1) Resistance to weathering EN A A A (11.2) Resistance to chemical ageing ENV ISO or ENV ISO 13438, S S S ENV (11.3) Resistance to microbiological degradation EN S S S Relevancy: H: required for harmonization A: relevant to all conditions of use S: relevant to specific conditions of use "--": indicates that the characteristic is not relevant for that function. a It should be considered that this test may not be applicable for some types of products, e. g. geogrids. b If the mechanical properties (tensile strength and static puncture) are coded "H" in this table, the producer shall provide data for both. The use of only one, either tensile strength or static puncture, is sufficient in the specification.

6 Page Characteristics relevant to specific conditions of use The specification shall define which functions and conditions of use are relevant (see Table 1). The producer of the product shall provide the necessary data based on the requirements and test methods described in this standard. The list of characteristics in Table 1 includes those required for harmonization (H), those relevant to all conditions of use (A), and those relevant to specific conditions of use (S). These specific conditions of use are listed from to Tensile strength of seams and joints Data on tensile strength of seams and joints are necessary for all functions if the product is to be mechanically jointed and if load is transferred across the seams and joints Static puncture Data on static puncture are necessary for the function filtration if required by the specification. When the site loading conditions are such that there is a potential risk of static puncture of the filter, data on static puncture or, as an alternative, on tensile strength, shall be supplied Friction characteristics Data on friction characteristics are necessary for the functions separation and filtration when the product is used in a situation where a differential movement can take place between the product and adjacent material, that may endanger the stability of the works. The friction characteristics can be measured, using site specific materials, by a direct shear test according to pren ISO :1997 or, in the case of loads up to 50 kpa, by an inclined plane test according to pren ISO :1997. NOTE Friction behaviour with the adjacent construction materials, e. g. the soil or the geomembrane, should also be considered Tensile creep (reinforcement) Data on tensile creep may be used to give an indication of the resistance to sustained loading, when the product fulfils a reinforcement function. 5 Evaluation of conformity 5.1 Presentation of characteristics The characteristics specified in Table 2, except for durability, expressed as mean values and tolerance value(s) corresponding to the 95% confidence level, shall be given by the manufacturer, based on the statistical interpretation of his internal quality control measurements. Information on durability shall be expressed in accordance with the guidelines of annex B. 5.2 Verification of values The marking and labelling of the rolls and of the products shall be checked. The marking of the products shall be according to EN ISO NOTE The method, described in this clause, is not compulsory for an on-site control procedure. The compliance of characteristics with the values defined in 5.1 shall be based on measurements made on two representative samples (A and B), taken from two different rolls. Sampling shall be made in accordance with EN 963.

7 Page 7 The characteristics given in Table 2 shall be measured in accordance with the corresponding European standards on specimens prepared from sample A. If the test result(s) for a particular characteristic is (are) within the tolerance value(s) given by the manufacturer, the product is accepted as complying with respect to this characteristic. If the test result(s) for a particular characteristic is (are) outside 1,5 times the tolerance value(s), the product does not comply with respect to that characteristic. If the test result(s) for a particular characteristic is (are) within 1 and 1,5 times the tolerance value(s), specimens prepared from sample B shall be tested. NOTE The 95% confidence level corresponds to the mean value minus (and/or plus) 1,0 tolerance value(s). If the test result(s) of the sample B specimens for the same characteristic is (are) within the given tolerance value(s), the product is accepted as complying with respect to that characteristic. If the test result(s) is (are) outside the tolerance value(s), the product is not accepted. 5.3 Initial type tests Initial type tests shall be carried out by the manufacturer to define the values of the properties to be declared for the product to satisfy the requirements of this standard. Initial type tests shall also be carried out on existing products when a change in the basic materials or manufacturing procedures affects the declared properties or the use of a product. In these cases the initial type tests are those for the properties which are affected or shall be confirmed and new properties introduced by a change of use. The tests to be conducted shall be reference tests as specified in this standard and shall be selected from the characteristics specified in Table 2, consistent with the product s intended use: Table 2 Characteristics required for initial type testing and evaluation of conformity Characteristic Functions Tensile strength Filtration, separation, reinforcement Elongation at maximum load Reinforcement Static puncture resistance (CBR test) Separation, reinforcement Dynamic perforation resistance (cone drop test) Filtration, reinforcement Characteristic opening size Filtration Water permeability normal to the plane Filtration Durability a Filtration, separation, reinforcement, a For the durability aspects, see Table 1 and annex B. The results of initial type tests shall be recorded and be available for inspection. The sample for the type tests shall be drawn according to EN 963 from a normal production run using the same materials and forming processes as for the full production process. The size of the sample shall be big enough to allow the determination of the characteristics specified in Table 2. Handmade samples, short trial batches and other development prototypes may be tested by the same methods, but shall not be used for establishing characteristic values in type tests.

8 Page Factory production control A factory production control scheme shall be established and documented in a manual prior to a product type being placed on the market. Subsequently, any fundamental changes in raw materials and additives, manufacturing procedures or the control scheme that affect the properties or use of a product shall be recorded in the manual. The manual shall include the factory production control procedures relevant to the declared properties, as confirmed by the initial type tests. The factory production control procedures shall consist of a permanent internal production control system to ensure that such products comply with this standard and that the measured values conform with the declared values. Annex A (normative) lists all the items that shall be considered to determine which is appropriate for the control exercised for a product. The manufacturer shall establish the applicable items and record them in his factory production control manual. When relevant, the procedure given in 5.2 shall be used to check the conformity of the product for one or more characteristics. 5.5 Inspection When required, inspection of the factory and of the factory production control shall be made on the provisions contained in 5.4 and annex A. 6 Marking The manufacturer shall clearly and indelibly mark the geotextile or geotextile-related product with the information specified in EN ISO NOTE For CE marking see ZA.3.

9 Page 9 Annex A (normative) Scheme of factory production control The items to be addressed in the factory production control manual relating to the system of control determined from 5.4, are given below: NOTE Manufacturers operating a quality system conforming to EN ISO 9001 are presumed to meet all requirements of this annex A. Manufacturers operating an EN ISO 9002 system are presumed to meet the requirements given in A.2 to A.4. A.1 Product design A.1.1 The manufacturer shall describe how design requirements and criteria are identified, checked, controlled and updated to be unambiguous and relevant to the use of the product and its specification. A.1.2 The manufacturer shall describe the communication of the design to the internal production departments or to external subcontractors. A.2 Production A.2.1 Raw or incoming materials: the manufacturer shall define the acceptance criteria of raw or incoming materials and the procedures that he operates to ensure that these are met. A.2.2 Production process: the relevant features of the plant and production process shall be defined giving the frequency of the inspections, checks and tests, together with the values or criteria required, both on equipment and on work in the process. The actions to be taken when control values or criteria are not obtained, shall be recorded. These records shall be available for inspection by relevant parties. A.3 Finished products A.3.1 Tests on the finished product: the size of the samples and the frequency of sampling, together with the results obtained, shall be recorded. These records shall be available for inspection by relevant parties. A.3.2 Alternative tests: where alternative tests to the reference tests are used, details of the alternative tests and procedures together with their correlation with the reference tests shall be recorded and shall be made available upon request from a relevant party. A.3.3 Equipment: test equipment having an influence on test results shall be calibrated to traceable national or international standards. The manufacturer shall have or have available the installations, equipment and personnel which enable him to carry out the necessary verifications and tests. He may meet this requirement by concluding a subcontracting agreement with one or more organisations or persons having the necessary skills and equipment. The manufacturer shall calibrate or verify, measuring or test equipment and maintain it in good operating condition, whether or not it belongs to him, with a view to demonstrating conformity of the product with its technical specification.

10 Page 10 The appropriate calibrations shall be carried out with defined measuring and test instruments according to standards or manufacturer s test procedures. The equipment shall be used in conformity with the specification or the test reference system to which the specification refers. A.4 Applicable to A.1, A.2 and A.3 (to be used where appropriate). A.4.1 Records: the dates, together with details and results of inspections, checks and tests carried out during the factory production control shall be properly recorded. These records shall be maintained for 10 years. The product description, the date of manufacture, test method adopted, test results and acceptance or rejection criteria shall be entered under the signature of the person responsible for control who carried out the verification. A.4.2 Assessment of results: where possible and applicable, the results of inspections, checks and tests shall be interpreted statistically by attributes or by variables to determine whether the corresponding production conforms with the requirements and the declared values for the products. A.4.3 Traceability: systems of traceability and control of designs, incoming materials, and the use of materials shall be given in the manual. The stock control system of manufactured products shall be given in the manual. A.4.4 Corrective action for non-conforming materials and products: the immediate actions to be taken when incoming materials or finished products do not conform to specified requirements shall be described and recorded. These actions shall include the steps necessary to rectify the deficiency, modify the manual if required, identify and isolate the deficient raw or incoming materials and finished products and determine whether they shall be discarded or re-specified under a concessionary system. A.4.5 Personnel: the manufacturer shall ensure that the personnel involved in the process are suitably trained. The job description and responsibility of the operatives shall be given in the manual. A.4.6 Quality management: the activities to ensure that all of the above requirements operate shall be described in the manual.

11 Page 11 Annex B (normative) Durability aspects B.1 Weathering All geotextiles and geotextile-related products shall pass the accelerated weathering test according to EN 12224, unless they are to be covered on the day of installation. The strength retained by the product at the end of this test, together with the specific application of product, will determine the length of the time that the material may be exposed on site. The maximum exposure times are given in Table B.1. Extended testing is necessary for materials, which shall be exposed for longer duration. Table B.1 Maximum exposure times Application Retained strength Maximum time of exposure after installation Reinforcement or other > 80 % 1 month a applications where long-term strength is a significant parameter 60 % to 80 % 2 weeks < 60 % 1 day Other applications > 60 % 1 month a 20 % to 60% 2 weeks < 20 % 1 day a Exposure of up to 4 months may be acceptable depending on the season and on the location in Europe. A geotextile or geotextile-related product, which has not been tested for resistance to weathering shall be covered within 1 day. For a range of products identical except for mass per unit area, initially only the product with the lowest mass per unit area should be subjected to the tests. The results of the test may be applied for the other products in the range, unless they have been tested separately. The product information shall state: "To be covered within (duration) after installation". B.2 Required service lives up to five years A geotextile or geotextile-related product which: consists of polyester (polyethylene terephthalate), polyethylene, polypropylene, polyamide 6 or polyamide 6.6, or a combination of these, and contains no post-consumer recycled material may be considered as having sufficient durability for a minimum service life of five years provided that it is used: in an application which is non-reinforcing and where long-term strength is not a significant parameter, and in natural soils with a ph of between 4 and 9, and at a soil temperature < 25 C.

12 Page 12 The product information shall state : "Predicted to be durable a minimum of five years for nonreinforcing applications in natural soils with 4 < ph < 9 and soil temperatures < 25 C". B.3 Required service lives up to 25 years B.3.1 General A geotextile or geotextile-related product which: consists of polyester (polyethylene terephthalate), polyethylene, polypropylene, polyamide 6 or 6.6, or a combination of these, and contains no post-consumer recycled material may be considered as having sufficient durability for a minimum service life of 25 years provided that it is used: in natural soils with a ph of between 4 and 9, and at a soil temperature < 25 C, and provided that it passes the appropriate tests in B.3.2. A geotextile or geotextile-related product consisting of more than one polymer shall be separated into its constituent parts which shall pass the appropriate tests in B.3.2. If this is not possible, the geotextile or geotextile-related product shall pass all the appropriate tests in B.3.2 or be assessed separately as described in B.4. The product information shall contain the following: "Predicted to be durable for a minimum of 25 years in natural soils with 4 < ph < 9 and soil temperatures < 25 C" plus one of the following statements: "product (state product as described in B.3.2) having passed the following tests (state tests and results)", or "On the basis of service experience as reported in (state relevant document according to B.3.3)". NOTE This annex doesn t refer to change of mechanical properties due to low soil temperatures (below 0 C), nor to effect of frozen soil. For a range of products identical except for mass per unit area then initially only the product with the lowest mass per unit area should be subjected to the tests in B to B If this product passes the test, the other products in the range may also be deemed to do so. B.3.2 Tests for specific materials B Test for polyester A geotextile or geotextile-related product consisting solely of polyester (polyethylene terephthalate) and containing no post-consumer recycled material shall be tested for resistance to internal hydrolysis in accordance with ENV The minimum percentage retained strength shall be 50%.

13 Page 13 NOTE A geotextile or geotextile-related product that fulfils this requirement is estimated to have the following minimum retained strengths in saturated soil after 25 years: at 25 C: 95 % at 30 C: 90 % at 35 C: 80 % B Test for polypropylene A geotextile or geotextile-related product consisting solely of polypropylene and containing no postconsumer recycled material shall be tested for resistance to oxidation to ENV ISO The minimum percentage retained strength shall be 50%. B Test for polyethylene A geotextile or geotextile-related product consisting solely of polyethylene and containing no postconsumer recycled material shall be tested for resistance to oxidation to ENV ISO The minimum percentage retained strength shall be 50%. B Tests for polyamide A geotextile or geotextile-related product consisting solely of polyamide 6 or polyamide 6.6 and containing no post-consumer recycled material shall be tested for resistance to oxidation to ENV ISO and for resistance to hydrolysis to ENV The minimum percentage retained strength shall be 50% for each test. B.3.3 Alternative procedure based on service experience Testing may be omitted and the evidence of satisfactory experience reported in its place, if, for any of the geotextile or geotextile-related products and conditions of use specified in B.3.2, 25 years of service life can be demonstrated: under similar site conditions (within the values specified in B.3.1) for a geotextile or geotextile-related product where the raw materials and production technology have remained the same, or for a product using the same yarns and polymers and comparable production technology. B.4 Other geotextiles or geotextile-related products or conditions of use For materials and conditions of use other than those specified in B.2 and B.3 the geotextile or geotextile-related product shall be assessed for durability with regard to the proposed conditions of use. This includes testing for microbiological resistance according to EN and applies in particular to any of the following: service lives longer than 25 years; soil temperatures > 25 C; use in contaminated soils, particularly in the presence of ammonium salts; combinations of different polymers and composite structures which cannot be tested as described in B.3.2; post-consumer recycled or regenerated materials; geotextiles or geotextile-related products exposed to highly acid or alkaline environments.

14 Page 14 For severe environments or for service lives longer than five years it is advisable not to use postconsumer recycled polymer without specific proof of its long-term durability. The composition and origin of the polymer should be assured. Assessment of a geotextile or geotextile-related product due to be exposed to a soil with ph < 4 or ph > 9 shall include testing according to ENV ISO Method A shall be used if the ph is < 4 and method B shall be used if the ph is > 9. In both cases the percentage retained strength shall be greater than 50%. The results should be interpreted in the context of the local site conditions. NOTE For reinforcement applications a further assessment may be required to predict the loss of strength of the product during its service life, and to derive reduction of partial safety factors for reinforced soil design. In cases where the products are (or may be) in direct contact with solid or liquid waste, its leachates or gases, the durability should be assessed with regard to the expected chemical and thermal environment. For further information check in accordance with CR ISO Geotextile and geotextile-related products assessed according to this clause shall be stated as "Predicted to be durable for more than (duration) years in (conditions) on the basis of a durability assessment (reference to document)". NOTE Annex D presents a flow chart of the process of evaluation of durability

15 Page 15 Annex C (informative) Guidelines for the selection of the appropriate standard in a specific application This group of European standards was developed to specify the characteristics relevant to the use of geotextiles and geotextile-related products in particular applications or works. Sometimes, however, an application can be considered as a part of an other application. In such cases it is not clear which standard to use. Table C.1 shows how to select the appropriate standard depending on the application. The following steps should be used in this selection process. 1. Select the application from column 1 (vertical) of the table; 2. Check if the relevant application is mentioned in row 1 (horizontal) in columns 3 to 6 if not, use the standard quoted in column 2; if yes, use the standard quoted at the intersection of the first applicable row and first applicable column EXAMPLES: a drainage trench in a road: row 2 and column 3 apply and EN should be used; a retaining structure in a railway: row 3 and column 6 apply and EN should be used, since in this case H > H c ; an external erosion control system in a canal: row 5 and column 4 apply and EN should be used; a drainage for a road in a tunnel: row 2 and column 3 apply and EN should be used, not EN (at the intersection of row 2 and column 5); a protection layer for a road tunnel: row 2 and column 5 apply and EN should be used; a drainage system in a retaining wall: row 9 and column 3 apply and EN should be used.

16 Page 16 Table C.1 Selection of the appropriate standard Application Standard Drainage systems 2 Roads and other trafficked areas 3 Railways EN Erosion control systems Tunnels and underground structures Earthworks, foundations and retaining structures EN if H < H c : EN if H > H c : EN Reservoirs and dams EN EN EN Canals EN EN if H < H c : EN if H > H c : EN Solid waste disposals EN EN Liquid waste disposals EN Tunnels and underground structures EN not applicable 9 Earthworks, foundations and retaining structures EN not applicable not applicable Definitions: H: the height of the structure H c : - for roads and other trafficked areas: the height where the traffic load is dominant - for railways: the difference of height between the bottom of the rails and the subgrade (platform)

17 Page 17 Annex D (informative) Flow chart of the process of evaluation of durability ENTER To be covered within one day after installation GTX to be covered within 1 day after installation? yes Solely made of PE, PP, PET, PA 6, PA 6.6, and contains no recycled material? no no Weathering (EN 12224) To be covered within (duration) after installation (see B.1) yes yes Intended use non-reinforcing application in natural soil 4 < ph < 9 and soil temperature < 25 C? no Intended use longer than five years? yes no The behaviour of the GTX can be demonstrated (see B.3.3)? yes no no Hydrolysis (ENV 12447) yes GTX made of PET, PA 6 and/or PA 6.6? Assessment of origin and composition of polymer yes no A B C D

18 Page 18 A B C D no Oxidation (ENV ISO 13438) yes yes no GTX made of PP, PE, PA 6 and/or PA 6.6? Intended use longer than 25 years, or soil temperature > 25 C, or use in artificially contaminated soils, or combination of different polymers, or use with recycled or regenerated materials, or exposed to acid or alkaline environments? yes Microbiological (EN 12225) no yes ph < 4? Chemical degradation (ENV ISO method A ) no Chemical degradation (ENV ISO method B) yes ph > 9? no Specific durability assessment (e.g. hydrolysis, oxidation) Predicted to be durable for a minimum of five years for nonreinforcing applications in natural soils with 4 < ph < 9 and soil temperatures < 25 C Predicted to be durable for a minimum of 25 years for nonreinforcing applications in natural soils with 4 < ph < 9 and soil temperatures < 25 C Predicted to be durable for more than (duration) years in (conditions) on the basis of a durability assessment (reference to document)

19 Page 19 Annex ZA (informative) Clauses of this European Standard addressing the provisions of the EU Construction Products Directive ZA.1 Scope and relevant requirement clauses This European Standard has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association. The clauses of this European Standard, shown in the table(s) corresponding to the intended use of the product, meet the requirements of the Mandate M/107, given under the EU Construction Products Directive (89/106/EEC). Provision of data in accordance with this standard confers a presumption that the values quoted can be relied upon as being correct within the tolerances stated. WARNING Other requirements and other EU Directives, not affecting the fitness for intended uses, can be applicable to the geotextiles and geotextile-related products falling within the scope of this annex. Note : In addition to the specific clauses relating to dangerous substances contained in this European Standard, there may be other requirements applicable to the products falling within its scope (e.g. transposed European legislation and national laws, regulations and administrative provisions). In order to meet the provisions of the EU Construction Products Directive, these requirements need also to be complied with, when and where they apply. An informative database of European and national provisions on dangerous substances is available at the Construction web site on EUROPA (CREATE, accessed through

20 Page 20 NOTE 1 For some products testing in only one direction may be applicable, in which case it should be clearly specified in the information accompanying the CE marking. NOTE 2 The 95% confidence level corresponds to the mean value minus (and/or plus) 1,0 tolerance value(s). Table ZA Geotextiles and geotextile-related products used for filtration (F) in construction of roads and other trafficked areas Product: Geotextiles and geotextile-related products Intended use: For filtration (F) in construction of roads and other trafficked areas Essential characteristics Requirement clauses in this European Standard Mandated level(s) or Notes (mean value, tolerance value (s)) class(es): Tensile strength 4.1, Table 1 (1) and 5.1 None (kn/m, -kn/m) in both directions Dynamic perforation resistance 4.1, Table 1 (5) and 5.1 None (mm, + mm) Opening size 4.1, Table 1 (9) and 5.1 Water permeability 4.1, Table 1 (10) and 5.1 Durability Annex B, 4.1, 5.1 and Table 1 (11.1, 11.2, 11.3) Dangerous substances: see Note in ZA.1 None None None (µm, +/- µm) (m/s, -m/s) Table ZA Geotextiles and geotextile-related products used for reinforcement (R) in construction of roads and other trafficked areas Product: Geotextiles and geotextile-related products Intended use: For reinforcement (R) in construction of roads and other trafficked areas Essential characteristics Requirement clauses in this European Standard Mandated level(s) or Notes (mean value, tolerance value(s)) class(es): Tensile strength 4.1, Table 1 (1) and 5.1 None (kn/m, -kn/m) in both directions Elongation 4.1, Table 1 (2) and 5.1 None (%, +/- %) in both directions Resistance to static puncture 4.1, Table 1 (4) and 5.1 None (kn, -kn) Dynamic perforation resistance 4.1, Table 1 (5) and 5.1 None (mm, + mm) Durability Annex B, 4.1, 5.1 and Table 1 (11.1, 11.2, 11.3) Dangerous substances: see Note in ZA.1 None

21 Page 21 Table ZA Geotextiles and geotextile-related products used for filtration and separation (F + S) in construction of roads and other trafficked areas Product: Geotextiles and geotextile-related products Intended use: For filtration and separation (F + S) in construction of roads and other trafficked areas Essential characteristics Requirement clauses in this European Standard Mandated level(s) or Notes (mean value, tolerance value(s)) class(es): Tensile strength 4.1, Table 1 (1) and 5.1 None (kn/m, -kn/m) in both directions Resistance to static puncture 4.1, Table 1 (4) and 5.1 None (kn, -kn) Dynamic perforation resistance 4.1, Table 1 (5) and 5.1 None (mm, + mm) Opening size 4.1, Table 1 (9) and 5.1 Water permeability 4.1, Table 1 (10) and 5.1 Durability Annex B, 4.1, 5.1 and Table 1 (11.1, 11.2, 11.3) Dangerous substances: see Note in ZA.1 None None None (µm, +/- µm) (m/s, -m/s) Table ZA Geotextiles and related products used for reinforcement and separation (R + S) in construction of roads and other trafficked areas Product: Geotextiles and related products Intended use: For reinforcement and separation (R + S) in construction of roads and other trafficked areas Essential characteristics Requirement clauses in this European Standard Mandated level(s) or class(es): Notes (mean value, tolerance value(s)) Tensile strength 4.1, Table 1 (1) and 5.1 None (kn/m, -kn/m) in both directions Elongation 4.1, Table 1 (2) and 5.1 None (%, +/- %) in both directions Resistance to static puncture 4.1, Table 1 (4) and 5.1 None (kn, -kn) Dynamic perforation resistance 4.1, Table 1 (5) and 5.1 None (mm, + mm) Durability Annex B, 4.1, 5.1 and Table 1 (11.1, 11.2, 11.3) Dangerous substances: see Note in ZA.1 None

22 Page 22 Table ZA Geotextiles and related products used for filtration & reinforcement (F + R) in construction of roads and other trafficked areas Product: Geotextiles and related products Intended use: For filtration & reinforcement (F + R) in construction of roads and other trafficked areas Essential characteristics Requirement clauses in this European Standard Mandated level(s) or Notes (mean value, tolerance value(s)) class(es): Tensile strength 4.1, Table 1 (1) and 5.1 None (kn/m, -kn/m) in both directions Elongation 4.1, Table 1 (2) and 5.1 None (%, +/- %) in both directions Resistance to static puncture 4.1, Table 1 (4) and 5.1 None (kn, -kn) Dynamic perforation resistance 4.1, Table 1 (5) and 5.1 None (mm, +mm) Opening size 4.1, Table 1 (9) and 5.1 Water permeability 4.1, Table 1 (10) and 5.1 Durability Annex B, 4.1, 5.1 and Table 1 (11.1, 11.2, 11.3) Dangerous substances: see Note in ZA.1 None None None (µm, +/- µm) (m/s,- m/s) Table ZA Geotextiles and related products used for filtration, reinforcement and separation (F+ R+ S) in construction of roads and other trafficked areas Product: Geotextiles and related products Intended use: For filtration, reinforcement and separation (F+ R+ S) in construction of roads and other trafficked areas Essential characteristics Requirement clauses in this European Standard Mandated level(s) or class(es): Notes (mean value, tolerance value(s)) Tensile strength 4.1, Table 1 (1) and 5.1 None (kn/m, -kn/m) in both directions Elongation 4.1, Table 1 (2) and 5.1 None (%, +/- %) in both directions Resistance to static puncture 4.1, Table 1 (4) and 5.1 None (kn, -kn) Dynamic perforation resistance 4.1, Table 1 (5) and 5.1 None (mm, +mm) Opening size 4.1, Table 1 (9) and 5.1 Water permeability 4.1, Table 1 (10) and 5.1 Durability Annex B, 4.1, 5.1 and Table 1 (11.1, 11.2, 11.3) Dangerous substances: see Note in ZA.1 None None None (µm, +/- µm) (m/s,- m/s)

23 Page 23 ZA.2 System of attestation of conformity for geotextiles and geotextile-related products used in the construction of roads and other trafficked areas (excluding railways and asphalt inclusion) The system of attestation of conformity for the geotextiles and geotextile-related products indicated in Table ZA.1, in accordance with the decision of the Commission (96/581/EC) as given in Annex III of the mandate M/107 "Geotextiles ", is shown in Table ZA.2 for the indicated intended use(s): Table ZA.2 System of attestation of conformity Product Intended use Levels or classes Attestation of conformity system Geosynthetics (textiles), geotextiles, geocomposites, geogrids, and geonets used: In roads and other trafficked areas none 2+ for filtration for reinforcement for separation In roads and other none 4 trafficked areas System 2+: See CPD annex III.2.(ii), First possibility, including certification of the factory production control by an approved body on the basis of its continuous surveillance, assessment and approval. System 4: See CPD annex III.2.(ii), Third possibility NOTE For the use of this standard, the separation function is always used in conjunction with filtration or reinforcement, accordingly separation shall never be specified and its conformity attested alone. The evaluation of conformity of the geotextiles and geotextile-related products in Table ZA.1. shall be based on the evaluation of conformity procedure resulting from the clause 5 and annex A of this European Standard indicated in Table ZA.3

24 Page 24 Table ZA.3 Assignation of evaluation of conformity tasks Tasks Coverage of the task Clauses to apply Tasks for the manufacturer Tasks for the notified body Factory production control (F.P.C.) Initial type testing Certification of F.P.C. on the basis of: initial inspection of factory and of F.P.C. continuous surveillance, assessment and approval of F.P.C. Parameters related to all characteristics of the relevant Table ZA.1 All characteristics of the relevant Table ZA.1 Parameters related to all characteristics of the relevant Table ZA.1, in particular parameters related to: Tensile strength dynamic perforation resistance (for products for all uses of Table ZA.1) Water permeability opening size (for products for uses of Tables ZA.1.1, ZA.1.3, ZA.1.5 and ZA.1.6) Elongation (for products for uses of Tables ZA.1.2, ZA.1.4, ZA.1.5 and ZA.1.6) Resistance to static puncture (for products for uses of Tables ZA.1.2, ZA.1.3, ZA.1.4, ZA.1.5 and ZA.1.6) Parameters related to all characteristics of the relevant table ZA.1, in particular, parameters related to: Tensile strength dynamic perforation resistance (for products for all uses of Table ZA.1) Water permeability opening size (for products for uses of Tables ZA.1.1, ZA.1.3, ZA.1.5 and ZA.1.6) Elongation (for products for uses of Tables ZA.1.2, ZA.1.4, ZA.1.5 and ZA.1.6) Resistance to static puncture (for products for uses of Tables ZA.1.2, ZA.1.3, ZA.1.4, ZA.1.5 and ZA.1.6) 5.2, 5.4 and annex A 5.1, and annex A Annex A The system allows for non-determination of a certain characteristic where at least one Member State has no legal requirement at all for such characteristic. In this case the verification of such a characteristic is not imposed on the manufacturer if he does not wish to declare the performance of the product in that respect in this Member State. In this case, the manufacturer willing to place his products in the market of this Member State is not obliged to determine nor to declare the performance of his products with regard to this characteristic. The option "no performance determined" in the information accompanying the CE marking may be then used. The no performance determined option may not be used when the characteristic is subject to a threshold level.

25 Page 25 When compliance with the system of attestation of conformity is achieved, the notified body shall draw up a certificate of the factory production control including the following information: name, address and identification number of the notified body; name and address of the manufacturer, or his authorised representative established in the EEA and place of production; description of the product (type, identification, use,...); provisions to which the product conforms (this European Standard); particular conditions applicable to the use of the product; the certificate s number; conditions and period of validity of the certificate; name of, and position held by, the person empowered to sign the certificate. In addition, for each product, the manufacturer shall draw up a declaration of conformity (EC declaration of conformity) including the following information: name and address of the manufacturer, or his authorised representative established in the EEA; number of the attached certificate of factory production control; name of, and position held by, the person empowered to sign the declaration on behalf of the manufacturer or of his authorised representative. This declaration of conformity entitles the manufacturer to affix the CE marking, as described in ZA.3. The above mentioned certificate and declaration shall be available in the official language(s) of the Member State in which the product is to be used.

26 Page 26 ZA.3 CE marking and labelling The manufacturer or his authorised representative established within the EEA is responsible for the affixing of the CE marking. The CE conformity symbol to affix shall be in accordance with Directive 93/68/EC and shall be accompanied by the following information: identification number of the notified body; name or identifying mark of the producer (1); registered address of the producer; the last two digits of the year in which the marking is affixed; number of the certificate of factory production control; reference to this European Standard; information on the mandated characteristics: values to be declared as indicated in 5.1 of this standard. NOTE The purpose of this information is to identify the legal entity responsible for the manufacture of the product. The affixing will be done on the packaging of the geotextile or geotextile-related product in the way indicated in Figure ZA.1. The complete information will be given in the accompanying documents in the way presented in Figure ZA.2. CE conformity marking, consisting of the "CE"- symbol given in Directive 93/68/EEC CPD-0001 Geo A Identification number of the notified body Name and type of the product Figure ZA.1 Example of CE marking on the packaging of a geotextile or geotextile-related product