12/19/2007. Bill Hunt, PE, Ph.D. NC Cooperative Extension NC State University

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1 Maintenance for Stormwater Treatment Practices Stormwater Engineering Many BMPs are landscape features Bill Hunt, PE, Ph.D. NC Cooperative Extension NC State University 1

2 Wet Ponds Stormwater Wetlands Sedimentation Chamber Sand Chamber Sand Filters 2

3 Rain Gardens Bioretention Permeable Pavement Water Harvesting 3

4 Wet Pond Maintenance 4

5 Pond maintenance keys Forebay cleanout Volume measurement Bank mowing and stabilization Rodent management Outlet inspection and cleanout Vegetation & Trash removal Security 5

6 Wetland Maintenance 6

7 Wetland maintenance keys Forebay cleanout Outlet Inspection & Cleanout Trash removal Invasive species control Bank stabilization Rodent control 7

8 8

9 Beware of outparcel development 9

10 Bioretention is a nutrient rich environment 10

11 11

12 Bioretention maintenance keys Sedimentation prevention Drop box cleanoff Trash removal Pruning Mulch renewal and removal Plant replacement Pruning 12

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15 Permeable Pavement maintenance keys Regular sweeping and vacuuming Gravel replacement Oil and grease cleaning Avoidance of landscape debris (grass clippings, leaves) Adjoining land and watershed stabilization 15

16 Sand Filter/ Proprietary Devices Design: Pretreatment Siting: Stable Watershed Annual to Variable: Clean out Sedimentation Chambers. Removal of fill media OR removing top layer of sand media. Things to Ponder: What to do with the nasty material. You can pay me now or you can pay me later Wet Ponds Wetlands Sand Filters Bioretention Dry Ponds 16

17 Process Interviewed 22 Firms/Agencies which conducted Stormwater BMP Maintenance NC, VA, MD, DE Priced Out EACH principal maintenance task EX-Ponds: Forebay Cleaning, Outlet/Inlet Repair, Vegetation Removal, Mowing, Landfill- Material Disposal, Miscellaneous Repair/ Inspection Averaged each firms task cost Process Added Individual Task s Costs to Tally total cost of BMP maintenance Factors per given task: Fraction of BMP to need maintenance Frequency of Maintenance Activity Time needed to complete task Crew Size Labor Pay Rate (range from $15 to $50) Material (if applicable) Equipment Costs (if applicable) Pond Mowing Step-by-Step Calculation: Mowing Three Sizes of Wet Ponds Small (SA < 0.5 acres) Medium (0.5 acres < SA < 2.0 acres) Large (SA > 2.0 acres) Factors: Frequency Crew Size Time to conduct one mowing Equipment Costs 17

18 Step-by-Step Calculation: Mowing Small Pond (SA < 0.5 acres) Frequency = 2 / growing season Crew size = 3 people Time = 0.33 days Hourly Wage = $ % Overhead Equipment = 3 push mowers Step-by-Step Calculation: Mowing Equipment = 3 push mowers Purchase price (each) = $700 Mower Life = 6 years Service = 10 ponds Dedication = 20% of life Maintenance = $50/ year Annual Per Pond Equipment Cost = 3 ($700 / 6 + $50) 0.20 / 10 = $10 Step-by-Step Calculation: Mowing Total Cost to Mow Small Pond s Banks= 3 people 2 / yr 0.33 days * (8 hours / day) $15 / hr 1.25 (Overhead) + $10 Equipment Cost = $208 Step-by-Step Calculation: Mowing Large Pond (> 2.0 ac) Frequency = 2.5 / growing season Crew size = 2 people Time = 0.5 day Hourly Wage = $ % Overhead Equipment = 2 Slope Mowers 18

19 Step-by-Step Calculation: Mowing Equipment = 2 Slope Mowers Purchase price = $63,500 Mower Life = 15 years Service = 6 ponds Dedication = 20% of life Maintenance = $6000/ year Annual Per Pond Equipment Cost = ($63,500 / 15 + $6000) 0.20 / 6 = $341 Step-by-Step Calculation: Mowing Total Cost to Mow Large Pond s Banks= 2 people 2.5 / yr 0.5 day * (8 hours / day) $15 / hr 1.25 (Overhead) + $341 Equipment Cost = $716 Wet Pond Maintenance -I Small Medium Large Wet Ponds Forebay Clean out Vegetation Removal Outlet Repair Bank Mowing $888 $838 $1245 $282 $230 * $194 $194 $194 $208 $941 $716 19

20 Wet Pond Maintenance - II Stormwater Wetlands Small Medium Large Miscellaneous & Inspection $150 $150 $150 Landfill $200 $200 $500 Total $1,921 $2,553 $3,087 Stormwater Wetlands Forebay/ Landfill Small Medium Large $1,088 $1,038 $1,745 Outlet $194 $194 $194 Invasive Control $115 $272 $542 Inspection $150 $150 $150 Total $1,547 $1,654 $2,631 Dry Ponds 20

21 Dry Pond Maintenance Small Medium Mowing $416 $1432 Sediment Removal $254 $254 General Maintenance $183 $330 Total $853 $2016 Sand Filters Sand Filter Maintenance Bioretention Drainage Area = 0.33 AC Standard Unclogging $360 Major Overhaul $944 Landfill $50 Total $1,354 Scaled up to 1 AC W/S $4,000 21

22 Bioretention- High End W/S = 1 AC Grassed Bioretention Pruning $158 Mulching $993 Removing Mulch $533 Dead Plant Replacement $169 Trash Removal/ Miscellaneous $1,260 Total $3,113 Bioretention- Grassed Conclusions W/S = 1 AC Mowing $165 Overseeding/ Repair $45 Trash Removal/ Miscellaneous $1,260 Total $1,470 Economies of Scale Exist Large Wetlands and Wet Ponds cheaper to maintain per acre of watershed High end landscape stormwater practices require high end maintenance Bioretention areas = $1.05/sf/yr to maintain High end landscape may be $0.80/sf/yr What s truly the additional cost? Important information for communities (Phase II muni s, HOA s) for set aside $ 22

23 Stormwater BMP Inspection & Maintenance Certification Inspired by Carolina Clear Locations & Dates Charlotte July 24-25, 2007 Asheville September 17-18, Wilmington Fall ertification/index.html OR Google BMP Inspection Workshops 23

24 24

25 Step-by-Step Calculation: Mowing Medium Pond (0.5 ac < SA < 2.0 ac) Frequency = 2.5 / growing season Crew size = 2 people Time = 1 day Hourly Wage = $ % Overhead Equipment = 1 Pond Mower Step-by-Step Calculation: Mowing Equipment = 1 Pond Mower Purchase price = $18,000 Mower Life = 10 years Service = 9 ponds Dedication = 80% of life Maintenance = $350/ year Annual Per Pond Equipment Cost = ($18,000 / 10 + $350) 0.80 / 9 = $191 25

26 Step-by-Step Calculation: Mowing The Mow, Blow, and Go method will not work for BMPs Total Cost to Mow Medium Pond s Banks= 2 people 2.5 / yr 1 day * (8 hours / day) $15 / hr 1.25 (Overhead) + $191 Equipment Cost = $941 Special Thanks to Carolyn Lewis & Jonathan Smith, NCSU Cooperating Firms and Agencies NC WRRI Urban Stormwater Consortium Agents of NC Cooperative Extension 26

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