Landscape Design The Design Process

Transcription

1 Landscape purposes Landscape Design The Design Process Utilitarian Aesthetic Psychological Carol Brouwer, Ph.D. Design Process Design Process Phases Series of problemsolving and creative steps to develop an appropriate design solution Chanticleer Gardens, Pennsylvania Research & Preparation Base map preparation Site inventory Client analysis Plan development Base Map Preparation Plot plan Property survey Topographic survey Do it yourself 1

2 Supplies Paper Tracing paper Mechanical pencils Good eraser Sharpie Triangles Circle templates T Square Base Map Essential elements Property Line Easements House North Arrow Scale Multiple Plans for Larger Properties Intensively landscaped areas Overall traffic flow Large area planning Site Inventory & Analysis Plot plan or blank paper Two tape measures Check off list Client Site Analysis: Sun & Shade How the sun moves across the property Seasonal heating and cooling Hot, cool, shady areas Indoor, outdoor heating and cooling 2

3 Site Analysis: Wind Prevailing winds Screening Breezeways Site Analysis: Noise Noises can be buffered by planting densely foliated trees and shrubs. Traffic Neighbors Public Areas Industry Site Analysis: Soil Soil type Foundation subsoil Soil tests At the foundation Remainder Watch for buried objects Drainage Drainage patterns Runoff locations Erosion Standing water Go gutterless? Use stone maintenance strip 3

4 Drainage Solutions French Drains Fill in low spots using soil similar to existing soil French drains French Drains Rain Gardens Prince George s County, Maryland 4

5 Rain Gardens Rainwater Harvesting Rain Barrels Rain Barrels 5

6 Rain Barrels General Topography Slopes Steps Terracing Retaining walls 6

7 Views Good and bad On the property to off Off the property to on From inside the house Establish Site Lines Traffic Flow Locate the Get people windows in the residence on your plant Note site lines for focal points and their things where they need to go. Primary walkways Secondary walkways 7

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9 Traffic Flow Meters and Boxes Pets Function Raised Beds Soft Paths Aesthetics Accessibility 9

10 Power Lines Which came first? TexasTreePlanting.tamu.edu Water Faucets Find them Provide access Existing Plant Material Plant health Form or shape Location Site Analysis: Final Product Map List Client Analysis Check Sheet Functional areas Garden 10

11 Client Analysis Check Sheet Functional areas Garden Entertain Play Relax Client Analysis Check Sheet Functional areas Garden Entertain Play Relax Cook Client Analysis Check Sheet Functional areas Garden Entertain Play Relax Cook Greenhouse Client Analysis Check Sheet Functional areas Garden Entertain Play Relax Cook Greenhouse Work Storage Client Analysis Aesthetics Style of home Water Art Client Analysis Children Pets Kennels Free roaming Enclosures Traffic flow Maintenance Budget Plant material preferences 11

12 Plant Material Preferences Create a spreadsheet Height Width Bloom season Color of bloom Wildlife Plan Development Lists the requirements the for the design solution Combined summary of the site and client analyses Checklist for the designer POOR DECISIONS ARE CAUSED BY ILL DEFINED OBJECTIVES! SPEND TIME GATHERING EVIDENCE TO HELP YOU MAKE GOOD DECISIONS Plan Descriptions Design Bubble General Functional Refined Functional Preliminary Design } Master Plan } Design Plans Functional s 12

13 Functional s Bubble s Helps organize overall arrangement of design Plan relationships of all major spaces and elements Bubble General Functional Refined Functional Preliminary Design Master Plan Relative size, proportion, and configuration Make many alternatives Refine bubble diagrams to a functional diagram. Bubble General Functional Refined Functional Preliminary Design Master Plan Bubble General Functional Refined Functional Preliminary Design Master Plan Bubble General Functional Refined Functional Preliminary Design Master Plan Preliminary Design Bubble General Functional Refined Functional Preliminary Design Master Plan 3 D rooms with specific shape and form. Rough draft Consider: Design principles and elememts Earth Kind principles Form composition Spatial composition Bubble General Functional Refined Functional Preliminary Design Master Plan 13

14 Design Principles and Elements 7 Basic Earth Kind Principles Aesthetic guidelines Elements Color Form Texture Line Principles Order Unity Dominance Accent Repetition Interconnection Rhythm Balance Scale Planning and design Soil analysis Appropriate plant selection Practical turf areas Efficient irrigation Use of mulches Appropriate maintenance Form Composition The process of converting rough bubbles and symbols of the refined functional diagram to specific forms in order to create visual order throughout the design. Themes Rectangular 14

15 Themes Diagonal 15

16 Themes Curvilinear 16

17 urves-wonderful-curves-good-lines-mean-gooddesigns-part-2/ Weak vs. Strong design lines. The top image illustrates weak design lines formed from many circles, utilizing a small portion of each circle. The bottom example illustrates strong design lines formed from fewer circles utilizing a greater portion of each circle. Themes Circular 17

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19 Themes Arc & Tangent Themes Angular 19

20 Choose Only One or... Combine Carefully Avoid acute angles Make Islands Part of the Bigger Picture 20

21 Form Composition Study Spatial Composition 3 D Outdoor rooms Height and volume relationships Views Seasonal shading Windbreaks Grading steps, retaining walls, etc. General plant material Think Vertical Scale Planting Plan Plant in masses Plant more than one deep Space plants based on mature size Group similar plants together 21

22 Balance Achieve balance between simplicity and variety. Achieve balance between deciduous and coniferous evergreen plants. 22

23 Master Plan Bubble General Functional Refined Functional Preliminary Design Master Plan Master Plan Installation Soil improvement Irrigation Hardscapes Plants Mulches Maintenance Proper pruning, watering and fertilization will keep the landscape beautiful and healthy Evaluation Design is not linear but constantly under review. Objectives met? Were the objectives appropriate for the site? 23

24 Summary Form follows function Lots of planning Plant in masses (more than one deep) Plant based on mature size. Landscape Design The Design Process Carol Brouwer, Ph.D. 24