Country Report for Cook Islands

Transcription

1 IIEC International Institute for Energy Conservation Country Report for Cook Islands Northern Marianas Marshall Islands Guam Palau Federated States of Micronesia Kiribati Papua New Guinea Nauru Solomon Islands Tokelau Tuvalu Cook Islands French Polynesia SamoaAmerican Vanuatu Samoa Wallis and Futuna Tonga Niue Pitcairn New Caledonia Technical Analysis of Appliance Markets to Support the Pacific Appliance Labelling and Standards (PALS) Programme Prepared for Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Partnership (REEEP) By International Institute for Energy Conservation Asia (IIEC Asia) th 12 Floor, United Business Center II Building, 591, Sukhumvit Road Wattana, Bangkok 10110, THAILAND November 2012 Data submitted herein is intended for the sole use of the Client in evaluating the Consultant s offer and is considered proprietary to the Consultant. Pages containing this proprietary data are annotated with reference to this paragraph

2 The Pacific Appliance Labelling and Standards (PALS) Programme CONTENTS 1 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS INTRODUCTION Country Background Objective FINDINGS Import Statistics Market Penetration of Electrical Appliances (Census 2011) Market Characteristics Energy Labels Information Gaps CONCLUSION ANNEX COUNTRY DATA SHEETS REFERENCES FIGURES Figure 3.1 Number of Refrigerators and Freezers Imported per Year (units)... 3 Figure 3.2 Import Value (NZ$) per Year for Freezers and Refrigerators... 4 Figure 3.3 Number of Air Conditioners (All Sizes) Imported per Year (units)... 4 Figure 3.4 Import Value (NZ$) per Year for Air Conditioners (All Sizes)... 5 Figure 3.5 Number of Domestic Dish Washers Imported per Year (units)... 5 Figure 3.6 Import Value (NZ$) per Year for Domestic Dish Washers and Washing Machines... 6 Figure 3.7 Import Value (NZ$) per Year for Electric Water Heaters... 6 Figure 3.8 Number of Electric Fans Imported per Year (units)... 7 Figure 3.9 Import Value (NZ$) per Year for Electric Fans... 7 Figure 3.10 Aus/NZ Energy Rating for Refrigerators based on 2011 Household Census... 8 Figure 3.11 Aus/NZ Energy Rating for Freezers based on 2011 Household Census... 8 Figure 3.12 Aus/NZ Energy Rating for Refrigerator/Freezer based on 2011 Household Census. 9 Figure 3.13 Aus/NZ Energy Rating for Air Conditioners based on 2011 Household Census... 9 Figure 3.14 Aus/NZ Energy Rating for Washing Machines based on 2011 Household Census. 10 Figure 3.15 Aus/NZ Energy Rating for Dish Washers based on 2011 Household Census Figure 3.16 Electrical Appliance Shop in the Cook Islands selling Refrigerators and all labelled with Aus/NZ Energy Labels November 2012 i

3 The Pacific Appliance Labelling and Standards (PALS) Programme TABLES Table 2.1 General Information on the Cook Islands... 2 Table 3.1 Brand, countries of manufacture and origin of most common electrical appliances in the Cook Islands Table 3.2 Proportion of Electrical Appliances with Energy Labels Table 5.1 Physical Units Imported per Year Table 5.2 Import Value (NZ$) Per Year November 2012 ii

4 1 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The Technical Analysis of Appliance Markets to Support the Pacific Appliance Labeling and Standards (PALS) Programme covers 17 Pacific Island Countries and Territories (PICTs). The report and research were conducted by Mr. Sommai Phon-Amnuaisuk and Mr. David Morgado from the International Institute for Energy Conservation (IIEC). It was prepared for the Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Partnership (REEEP) with overall guidance from Mr. Tom Thorsch Krader. The IIEC would like to show its appreciation for the kind support and contributions from the PALS country focal points (Mr. Tangi Tereapii), the Secretariat for the Pacific Community, the national statistics office and customs authorities in the Cook Islands (Mr. Enua Pakitoa). November

5 2 INTRODUCTION 2.1 Country Background Neighbouring Countries Capital City Currency Population Size (habitants) Number of Households Table 2.1 General Information on the Cook Islands New Zealand, Niue, French Polynesia, Tonga, American Samoa, Pitcairn Islands Avarua Electrification Rate (%) 100% Status of S&L Scheme Source: Cook Islands Statistics Office; SPC, Objective New Zealand Dollar 22,500 (2009 estimate) 4,391 (2011 Census unofficial data) Under development through the PALS Programme The objective of this study is to analyse the characteristics of major appliance and lighting products and markets in the Cook Islands, in order to inform and support decision making on the most suitable Standards & Labelling (S&L) strategy for the Cook Islands. The study focuses on the following electrical appliances: Refrigerators Freezers Air Conditioners Lamps including incandescent, linear fluorescent and compact fluorescent Televisions Other relevant products. November

6 3 FINDINGS 3.1 Import Statistics The electrical appliance information presented in this section is based on data provided by the Cook Islands Statistics Office and covers the most common electrical appliances in the country. The Figures below show the total number of electrical appliance units imported annually into the Cook Islands from 2007 to 2010/ and illustrate the total annual import value (NZ$) of each type of electrical appliance imported into the Cook Islands from 2007 to 2010/2011, depending on available customs data. Note that there is no customs data on country of origin. In addition, the 2011 customs data for certain appliances is being processed by the Cook Islands Statistics Office. In addition, there is no customs data for televisions and lighting appliances such as incandescent and fluorescent lamps Refrigerators and Freezers The number of refrigerator units imported into the Cook Islands remained below the 400 unit mark from 2007 to In 2010, the number of refrigerator units imported rose considerably by more than 2,100 units (Figure 3.1). The difference in annual values could be due to bulk purchase of electrical appliances by local wholesalers, retailers or private companies (e.g. hotel sector) in a given year or different interpretation of international harmonized system codes 2 used to identify the type of electrical appliances by the national customs department. In terms of freezer units, there have been minor fluctuations with an average of 145 units imported per year. Figure 3.1 Number of Refrigerators and Freezers Imported per Year (units) The import value of refrigerators decreased gradually from 2008 to 2011, from approximately NZ$330,000 to NZ$212,066 (Figure 3.2). The import value of freezers decreased from 2007 to 2009 rising again in 2010 to NZ$141, Calendar Years 2 See methodology and harmonized system codes section in main report. November

7 3.1.2 Air Conditioners Figure 3.2 Import Value (NZ$) per Year for Freezers and Refrigerators Figure 3.3 above illustrates the gradual increase in the number of imported units for air conditioners (all sizes) since 2008 from 234 units to 589 units. Figure 3.3 Number of Air Conditioners (All Sizes) Imported per Year (units) Air Conditioners (all sizes) have the highest import value of all electrical appliances imported into the Cook Islands and covered under this report (Figure 3.4). The import value of air conditioners (all sizes) fluctuated from 2007 to 2010, reaching its highest value in 2010 with approximately NZ$415,000. The average import value for air conditioners (all sizes), from 2007 to 2010 is NZ$320,000. November

8 Figure 3.4 Import Value (NZ$) per Year for Air Conditioners (All Sizes) Domestic Dish Washing and Washing Machines The number of domestic dish washers varies on an annual basis with an average 9 household dish washing machines imported per year, ranging from 19 units in 2009 to 1 unit in 2011 (Figure 3.5). Figure 3.5 Number of Domestic Dish Washers Imported per Year (units) Household washing machines import value decreased by more than NZ$100,000 from 2008 to Comparatively, the import value of household dish washers is low with an average import value of NZ$20,000 from 2007 to 2011 (Figure 3.6). November

9 Figure 3.6 Import Value (NZ$) per Year for Domestic Dish Washers and Washing Machines Electric Water Heaters The import value of electric water heaters reached a peak of approximately NZ$43,000 in 2009, having decreased to NZ$25,000 in 2010 and NZ$18,000 in 2011 (Figure 3.7). Figure 3.7 Import Value (NZ$) per Year for Electric Water Heaters There is no data on the number of electric water units imported into the Cook Islands Electric Fans An average 1,165 electric fans are imported annually into the Cook Islands, based on 2007 to 2010 customs data (Figure 3.8). The electric fans imports reached a low of 662 units in This could be related to bulk purchase or significant customer demand for electric fans in 2007 and lower imports of electric fans in subsequent years, until 2010 when the number of units imported rose again. November

10 Figure 3.8 Number of Electric Fans Imported per Year (units) From 2007 to 2010, the import values for electric fans ranged from approximately NZ$110,000 in 2008 to NZ$205,000 in 2009 (Figure 3.9). Figure 3.9 Import Value (NZ$) per Year for Electric Fans 3.2 Market Penetration of Electrical Appliances (Census 2011) The Cook Islands carried out a 2011 Census covering questions on electrical appliances, energy ratings and energy labeling awareness. Majority of the household electrical appliances surveyed did not have any energy rating and those that possessed energy labels had energy rating level 3. The energy rating is based on the Australian/New Zealand (Aus/NZ) Energy Label. The data provided below is unofficial Energy Label Awareness Approximately 50% of all households in the Cook Islands are aware of energy rating labels. For Rarotonga alone, the awareness level is slightly higher with 55% of households. November

11 3.2.2 Refrigerators and Freezers Figure 3.10 Figure 3.11 show the energy rating of refrigerators and freezers in households in the Cook Islands. In both cases, more than 50% of these appliances were not labelled and those that had energy labels were mostly rated with level 3. Figure 3.10 Aus/NZ Energy Rating for Refrigerators based on 2011 Household Census Figure 3.11 Aus/NZ Energy Rating for Freezers based on 2011 Household Census November

12 However, based on the census, for refrigerator/freezer appliances, the share of appliances with labels is higher and majority have 3 to 4 energy rating (Figure 3.12). Figure 3.12 Aus/NZ Energy Rating for Refrigerator/Freezer based on 2011 Household Census Air Conditioners According to Figure 3.13, 66% of air conditioners in the Cook Islands did not have any kind of energy rating. Those with energy rating, majority had level 3 energy rating. Figure 3.13 Aus/NZ Energy Rating for Air Conditioners based on 2011 Household Census November

13 3.2.4 Dish Washer and Washing Machine Figure 3.14 and Figure 3.15 show the energy rating of washing and dish washer machines in households in the Cook Islands. In both cases, more than 40% of these appliances were not labelled and those that had energy labels were mostly rated with level 3. Figure 3.14 Aus/NZ Energy Rating for Washing Machines based on 2011 Household Census Figure 3.15 Aus/NZ Energy Rating for Dish Washers based on 2011 Household Census November

14 3.2.5 Lighting The 2011 Census also accounted for the number of incandescent bulbs, CFLs, tube lights and other lighting 3 appliances present in the households. On a unit basis, 23% of lamps were incandescent lamps, 50% were CFLs, 22% were tube lights and 5% were other lamps. This indicates a significant share of CFLs in the market and there is still a margin for additional market uptake as incandescent lamps still have ¼ of the lighting market in the Cook Islands. 3.3 Market Characteristics The data presented in this section is based on an electric appliance survey of two major retailers and wholesalers in Rarotonga, Cook Islands, conducted by IIEC during June The data gathered includes information on appliance brands, country of manufacture, and country of origin and complements the existing customs data presented in Section 3.1. Note that information of electrical appliance brands and country of manufacture is not comprehensive. The country of manufacture of certain appliances is not easily identifiable and in some cases could only be identified through the product s user manual. Table 3.1 Brand, countries of manufacture and origin of most common electrical appliances in the Cook Islands Electrical Appliance Air Conditioners (all sizes) Compact Fluorescent Lamps Brand Mitsubishi, Daikin, Electrolux, Fujitsu, Gree Countries of Manufacture China, Japan Countries of Origin Australia, New Zealand Ecobulb, Philips, GE, Thorns China, Japan Australia, New Zealand Electric Fans Celsius China, Japan Australia, New Zealand Linear Fluorescent Lamps Freezers Incandescent Lamps Refrigerators Philips, Maspion China, Japan Australia, New Zealand Kelvinator, Electrolux, Fisher & Paykel, Haier, Belper, Westinghouse China, Japan, Italy Australia, New Zealand GE NA Australia, New Zealand Kelvinator, Electrolux, Fisher & Paykel, Haier, Belper, Westinghouse China, Japan, Italy Australia, New Zealand Televisions LG, Konka, Panasonic, Sony China, Japan, Italy Australia, New Zealand Table 3.1 shows that all electrical appliances listed are sourced from New Zealand and Australia, while majority of the electrical appliances are manufactured in China and Japan. 3 Other lighting includes ballasts for fluorescent lamps and other lamps not classified under other harmonized codes. This code could potentially include compact fluorescent lamps although these are more likely to be covered under the harmonized system code for fluorescent lamps. See section on harmonized system codes in the main report for more details. November

15 3.4 Energy Labels The data presented in this section is based on an electric appliance survey of two major retailers and wholesalers in Rarotonga, Cook Islands, conducted by IIEC during June The objective of the survey was to compile information on the proportion of energy labels for each type of electrical appliance and the respective country of origin of these labels. Table 3.2 only provides information on the electrical appliances which had affixed any type of energy label. Photographs of energy labels on electrical appliances in wholesaler and retailer shops in the Cook Islands are shown in Figure Electrical Appliance Table 3.2 Proportion of Electrical Appliances with Energy Labels % with Energy Labels Types of Energy Label Freezers 76% 100% 95% to 100% of refrigerators with Aus/NZ Energy Label. Majority with ratings below 3 stars. Refrigerators 76% 100% 95% to 100% of refrigerators with Aus/NZ Energy Label. Majority with ratings below 3 stars. Televisions 76% 100% 95% to 100% of refrigerators with Aus/NZ Energy Label Figure 3.16 Electrical Appliance Shop in the Cook Islands selling Refrigerators and all labelled with Aus/NZ Energy Labels November

16 3.5 Information Gaps This section summarizes the identified information gaps on electrical appliances in the Cook Islands. The data presented in this report is based on one on-site survey of major wholesalers and retailers shops as well as available customs data in the Cook Islands. This report does not cover electrical appliances imported privately. As highlighted in Section 3.1, the main information gaps in the customs data provided are related to televisions and lighting appliances. There is a clear need for improvement in customs data compilation to differentiate between linear and compact fluorescent lamps to better evaluate the impact and market penetration of CFLs in the country. The key challenge, common to most Pacific Islands, is the existence of more than 20 international harmonized system codes for different types of television related appliances leading to, potentially, different interpretations by each customs officer. For example, when analysing customs data it is challenging to determine what was interpreted by the customs officer as television receivers and reception apparatus for television. This is showcased when, for a given year, there are significant imports of television receivers and no imports of televisions. Therefore it is difficult to analyse the television import statistics under one single harmonized code. Another major information gap is the lack of information on the country of origin for all electrical appliances analysed in this study. 11 out of the 17 PICTs surveyed have customs data with breakdown of the country of origin. During the data collection, the IIEC team also had to alter the initial set of international harmonization system codes provided to the customs authorities as the Cook Islands uses different harmonization system codes for the following electrical appliances 4 : Washing machines, household/laundry type (under 10kg in weight capacity) Electric instantaneous or storage water heaters and immersion heaters Other filament lamp, excluding ultra violet or infra-red lamps Discharged lamps, other than ultra violet lamps Fluorescent Lamps, Hot Cathode 4 See methodology and harmonized system codes section in main report. November

17 4 CONCLUSION Based on the wholesaler and retailer shops survey conducted in June 2012, majority of the electrical appliances seem to be sourced from Australia/New Zealand. The Cook Islands has a close association with New Zealand and large majority of the electrical appliances are imported through New Zealand and to a lesser extent from Australia. Export data from Australia and New Zealand would enable a comparison with the Cook Islands import data to further substantiate this conclusion. The Cook Islands Statistics office should also collaborate with the customs department to determine the possibility of tracking the country of origin of key electrical appliances imported into the Cook Islands. Nevertheless, note that the development of S&L programmes for the Cook Islands needs to take into account market demand and supply trends, as well as a range of other factors bearing on the design and effectiveness of S&L programmes. Furthermore, it should allow for the energy efficient appliances to enter the market at an affordable price, irrespective of origin or manufacture. Finally, in order to further improve customs data compilation and analysis of market penetration of CFLs, in the Cook Islands and the Pacific Region, a single harmonized system code for the Pacific region should be discussed and established to enable a clear evaluation of the market uptake of CFLs in the future. November

18 5 ANNEX COUNTRY DATA SHEETS Table 5.1 Physical Units Imported per Year Electrical Appliance (Linear) Fluorescent Lighting Air Conditioners (all sizes) Domestic Dish Washers Domestic Washing Machines Electric Water Heaters Electric Fans Freezers Incandescent Lighting Other Lighting Refrigerators ,349 - Televisions Note Large difference between annual values might indicate bulk purchase of appliances by wholesalers, retailers or private companies, assuming no change in customs department interpretation of harmonized system codes. The (-) sign indicated information was not available November

19 Table 5.2 Import Value (NZ$) Per Year Electrical Appliance (Linear) Fluorescent Lighting Air Conditioners (all sizes) 292, , , ,205 - Domestic Dish Washers 25,809 5,515 28,389 32,002 8,950 Domestic Washing Machines 227, , , , ,925 Electric Water Heaters Electric Fans Freezers 26,794 36,197 43,051 24,961 17, , , , , ,968 83, , ,909 - Incandescent Lighting Other Lighting Refrigerators 209, , , ,066 - Televisions Note Large difference between annual values might indicate bulk purchase of appliances by wholesalers, retailers or private companies, assuming no change in customs department interpretation of harmonized system codes. The (-) sign indicated information was not available November

20 6 REFERENCES Cook Islands Statistics Office, Secretariat for the Pacific Community (SPC), Statistics for Development, 2011, Cook Islands Census 2011 Unofficial data Cook Islands Statistics Office, 2012 Cook Islands Customs Department, 2012 November