DR AS 5389:2016 Space heating and cooling and ventilation systems Calculation of energy consumption. The physical testing

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1 Vipac Engineers & Scientists DR AS 5389:2016 Space heating and cooling and ventilation systems Calculation of energy consumption The physical testing Sydney 16 August 2016

2 Introduction to Vipac AGENDA OVERVIEW Overview of current space heating & cooling testing Physical testing specified in DR AS Evaporative air cooling systems - Building ventilator systems - Current solar collector thermal efficiency testing Building Performance Evaluation - Air leakage & Permeability - Thermal Comfort in buildings

3 About Vipac VIPAC = VIbration + Pressure + ACoustics Multi-disciplinary technical consultancy Specialise in the mechanical and systems engineering fields Perform testing & evaluation Provide predictions & assessments Vipac is a registered Research Service Provider (RSP Code: 15701), meaning that R&D work conducted at Vipac may be eligible for the R&D Tax Incentive.

4 Markets Consumer Appliances Automotive Building Technology Defence and Systems Oil and Gas Infrastructure Mining Rail Traffic Systems Marine and Offshore IT Solutions Manufacturing Industries

5 Testing at Vipac NATA accredited Vipac is NATA accredited to numerous standards NATA: National Association of Testing Authorities, Australia ILAC: International Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation Detailed accreditation process - internationally recognised Regular independent peer reviews & audits to AS/ISO Vipac is an accredited independent 3 rd party test laboratory. Vipac has a long list of NATA accredited standards: nata.com.au. Also accredited by the American, Solar Rating and Certification Corporation, SRCC.

6 Standards Committees CS Solar Collectors & Heat Pumps EL Room Air Conditioners EL Electrical Water Heating Appliances AG Gas Appliances EL Performance of Household Refrigerating Appliances ME Refrigerated Display Cabinets EL Performance of Household Electrical Appliances (Clothes Washers / Dryers / Dishwashers) CS Solid Fuel Burning Appliances EL Energy Efficiency of Swimming Pool Pumps

7 Members of various Associations AuSES Australian Solar Energy Society AIRAH Australian Institute of Refrigeration Air Conditioning and Heating ACRAC Air Conditioning and Refrigeration Advisory Committee CESA Consumer Electronics Suppliers Association AI Group Australian Industry Group IEAust Institute of Engineers Australia GAMAA Gas Appliance Manufacturers Association of Australia AAS Australian Acoustical Society AHHA Australian Home Heating Association

8 VIPAC Vipac s Thermal test facilities & Solar Group In our laboratories we maintain conditions under tight tolerances. We have: Numerous environmental chambers Balanced ambient calorimeter Indoor solar simulator & outdoor solar test rig Thermal acoustics (Reverberation) chamber - noise testing Custom built test rigs for building comfort assessments

9 VIPAC Test Thermal Services& Solar Group Typical measurements in this space: Air flow Thermal capacity Electrical energy consumption & standby power Energy efficiency MEPS Acoustics

10 DR AS 5389:2016 Space heating and cooling and ventilation systems DR AS 5389:2016 Space heating and cooling and ventilation systems Calculation of energy consumption Section 3 : Solar Desiccant Cooling System Section 4 : Solar Space Heating Systems Section 5 : Building Ventilator Systems Section 6 : Evaporative Air Cooling Systems

11 Vipac s testing to DR AS 5389:2016 Vipac has both experience and expertise in testing and modelling various similar components as those in DR AS 5389: Physical testing & modelling (e.g. TRNSYS): - Annual performance of various hot water storage systems (AS/NZS 2712, AS/NZS 4234) Gas / electric / heat pump / solar boosted systems - Seasonal performance of air conditioners (AS/NZS 3823) Capabilities to conduct physical testing to AS Test chambers and facilities - Instrumentation that complies with the requirements

12 Current Cooling/Heating Product Technologies Air conditioners Non-ducted and ducted types Cooling only, Heating only and reverse cycle Non-ducted split Ducted Gas Heaters Evaporative Systems

13 DR AS 5389:2016 Focus on the following systems Section 3 : Solar Desiccant Cooling System Section 4 : Solar Space Heating Systems Section 5 : Building Ventilator Systems Section 6 : Evaporative Air Cooling Systems

14 An evaporative cooler cools air through the evaporation of water. Less expensive to install and operate Reduces load on air-conditioning system Ease of maintenance Introduces fresh air & thus extends the building life DR AS 5839 / Section 6 Evaporative Cooling Systems Direct evaporative cooling (open circuit) is used to lower the temperature and increase the humidity of air by using latent heat of evaporation. Incoming warm dry air is changed to cool moist air. Indirect evaporative cooling (closed circuit) is a cooling process that uses direct evaporative cooling in addition to some type of heat exchanger to transfer the cool energy to the supply air.

15 Physical testing of Evaporative Air Cooling Systems Current standard used: AS 2913 We measure: Air flow / electrical power / water flow Evaporation efficiency at a single point: Air inlet DB 30-40ºC and WB depression 14-18K Airflow testing Performance testing

16 We measure: DR AS Physical testing of Direct Evaporative Air Cooling Systems Air flow at specified test modes, electrical power & water flow At least 2 speeds & at least one of 4 possible test ranges at each speed TRNSYS modelling used to assess annual performance Interpolation equations of performance and power input are calculated from the test results based on various ambient DB/RH conditions and room comfort requirements

17 Indirect evaporator performance DR AS Physical testing of Indirect Evaporative Air Cooling Systems At one fixed nominated speed & at least one of four possible test ranges TRNSYS annual performance modelling: Interpolation equations of performance and power input are calculated from the test results based on various ambient DB/RH conditions and room comfort requirements Measure: Air flow at test modes Electrical power / water flow

18 DR AS 5839 / Section 5 Building Ventilator Systems Ventilator - Summer & Winter Benefits Summer Benefits In extreme weather temperatures can climb as high as 75 ºC in the roof cavity! Roof ventilators provide: 1. Greater comfort inside your home, 2. Reduced costs, since your fans and air-conditioning systems will not have to work as hard. Winter Benefits Removing moisture is the key to preventing mold from growing. In our bathrooms and kitchens we usually achieve this with extractor fans. Likewise the roof ventilator prevents the build-up of moisture from steam and condensation by removing it as it enters the roof space.

19 DR AS 5839 / Section 5 Building Ventilator Systems General Ventilators can use: Solar Power Wind Power Electrical power Ventilators reduce: Energy costs Load on air-conditioning system Condensation Build Up Plus they extend the roof life & provide smooth & quiet operation Fan-Forced Ventilator Testing The ventilator flow rate / pressure measurements shall meet AS ISO 5801 requirements. Natural Circulation Ventilator Testing The ventilators shall be assessed for flow coefficients, discharge coefficients and effective aerodynamic area to AS/NZS 4740 requirements.

20 DR AS 5839 / Section 5 Building Ventilator Systems Natural Circulation Ventilator Testing AS 4740 Standard - Flow Coefficient Minimum required air velocities are: 0.72 m/s, 1.44 m/s, 2.16 m/s, 2.88 m/s and 3.60 m/s. Note: 3.60 m/s is equivalent to a wind speed of 13 km/hr Air Velocity (m/s) Air Flow Rate (L/s) Airflow device used to measure differential pressure FLOW RATE AIR VELOCITY Test sample Fan with flow straighteners Pressure 0 Pa Variable speed fan Screen Pressure Plenum pressure equilibrium chamber

21 DR AS 5839 / Section 5 Building Ventilator Systems Natural Circulation Ventilator Testing AS 4740 Standard - Discharge Coefficient Natural Circulation Ventilator - Effective Aerodynamic Area Pressure meter Test sample Orifice Plate to AS Pressure meter 2x x Maximum angle 30º Fan Cd = ( Q / A ) x [ q / ( 2 x P ) ] F = Cd x A Cd Discharge Coefficient F Effective Aerodynamic Area (m 2 ) PERFORMANCE CLASSIFICATION Characteristics Performance Level Summary Effective Class Cd = 0.7 and above Aerodynamic Class Cd = 0.5 to Area Class Cd = 0.3 to Class Cd = 0.1 to Q - Air Flow (L/s) P - Pressure Drop (Pa) A - Throat Area (m 2 ) q - Air Density (kg/m 3 )

22 DR AS 5839 / Section 5 Building Ventilator Systems Fan-Forced Ventilator Testing AS 5801 Standard Orifice Plate Fan FLOW RATE MEASUREMENT RIG FOR INLET-SIDE TEST CHAMBER (AS 5801) Fan speed Pressure Drop Air Flow Rate Electric Power Pa L/s W AS 5839 Standard specifies component testing and modelling requirements for ventilator systems

23 DR AS 5389 Section 3 & 4 Solar Hot Water Collectors Testing to AS/NZS 2535: Thermal Performance

24 DR AS 5389 Section 3, Section 4 Collector Thermal Performance Testing to AS/NZS 2535, ISO 9806 Air temperature < 30 C Wind Speed = 2-4 m/s Irradiance > 800 W/m 2 Water temperature ~ 20 C, 40 C, 60 C, 90 C Instantaneous Efficiency y = x x R 2 = Test results are then used to create an efficiency curve which become the inputs for TRNSYS modelling (tf-ta)/g (m2 K/W)

25 DR AS 5389 Section 3, Section 4 Collector Thermal Performance IAM test (Incidence Angle Modifier) Measures off-axis performance Provides a better measure of thermal performance of evacuated tube collectors

26 DR AS 5389 Section 3, Section 4 System Thermal Performance Solar collector efficiency curves are used to calculate overall efficiency in TRNSYS based on air temperature, sunlight, and water temperature in the collector. Calculates the efficiency of the individually tested components over time The solar thermal collectors are a component of the following appliance types within DR AS 5389 standard Solar desiccant systems Solar air heat exchanger systems Hydronic heating

27 DR AS 5389 Section 3, Section 4 System Thermal Performance Solar collector efficiency curves are used to calculate overall efficiency in TRNSYS based on air temperature, sunlight, and water temperature in the collector. Calculates the efficiency of the individually tested components over time The solar thermal collectors are a component of the following appliances types within DR AS 5389 standard Solar desiccant systems Solar air heat exchanger systems Hydronic heating

28 DR AS 5389 Section 2 Building Performance Evaluation Building Air Leakage Measure air changes per hour (ACH)

29 DR AS 5389 Section 2 Air Leakage Testing Relevant to consider for the overall building performance Measures ambient air flow into/out of the building Currently contributes to Green Star ratings

30 DR AS 5389 Section 2 Air Leakage Testing

31 DR AS 5839 / Sections 2.4 & 2.5 Thermal Comfort Thermal Comfort... ASHRAE o C 19 o C Predicted Percentage Dissatisfied 1.2 met 1.0 Clo 0.5 Clo Operative Temperature PEOPLE LOAD FLOOR LOAD

32 DR AS 5839 / Sections 2.4 & 2.5 Thermal Comfort Thermal Comfort... ASHRAE 55 Room AirTemperature ( C) Relative Humidity (%) Room length (m) Room width (m) Occupied zone height (m) Room Height floor to ceiling (m) Air Supply Temp (at diffuser face) Number of diffusers / chilled beams Coordinate position of diffuser / beam Air supply volume (L/s) Design PMV (at 0.6 m) Design PMV (at 1.1 m) Design PPD Maximum velocity in occupied zone Clothing Level Metabolic Rate Level Equipment heat gain (W/m²) Lighting heat gain (W/m²) People load (W/m²) Solar heat load on window (W) Resultant solar heat load on floor (W) Macquarie Bank Freshwater Place 150 Collins Street Bangkok Airport

33 Thank you Any questions?