E-Waste Management (Case Study based on Sangli City)

Transcription

1 E-Waste Management (Case Study based on Sangli City) J S Lambe, Guide Professor Dr. J. J.Magdum College of Engineering, Jaysingpur Students name: 1. Siddhi S Shendge. Dr. J. J. Magdum College of Engineering, Jaysingpur 2.Deepali T Malgave. Dr. J. J. Magdum College of Engineering, Jaysingpur 3.Tejswini D Awati. Dr. J. J. Magdum College of Engineering, Jaysingpur Abstract Humans cannot drink saline water. But, saline water can be made into freshwater.but, fresh water can be in short supply in some parts of the country. And, as the population continues to grow, shortages of fresh water will occur more often, if only in certain locations. The seawater distillation is the process of separation of salts from seawater.in that water is converted into a steam by using solar energy concentration. By using steam which is produced under high temperature impacts on the blades of steam turbines which results generation of electricity. The distillation of seawater is obtained by utilizing a thermal energy source. Water is heated and producing water vapors that in turn condenses to form distilled water. Our aim is to accomplish this goal by utilizing and converting the incoming radioactive power of the sun's rays to heat and distill dirty and undrinkable water, converting it into steam and after that steam is converted into clean drinkable water. A solar parabolic trough is utilized to effectively concentrate and increase the solid angle of incoming beam radiation, increasing the efficiency of the system and enabling higher water temperatures to be achieved. Keywords ; distillation; SteamTurbine; Electricity generation; Conderser 1. Introduction Over the past few decades, enormous quantities of industrial pollutants have been released into the environment. Solid waste management, which is already a massive task in India, is becoming more complicated by the invasion of e-waste, particularly computer, mobile, refrigerator, etc. wastes. E Wastes are one of the fast growing wastes in the world. It is a situation that prevails everywhere and it s hard to survive in this world without machines. The humans are fully influenced that machines that make our lives more comfortable. So to satisfy the requirements of the people, electrical goods are increasing day by day and they get crowded in the market.this finally results in the generation of E Wastes. The rapid pace of technological change in the field of electronics has made appliances for homes and office equipment both affordable and widely used. The extreme growth rates but also ever increasing obsolescence rates result in large quantities of electrical and electronic equipment being added to the waste stream. Electronic industry is the world s largest and innovative industry for its kind. Every year tons of electronic items are shipped over oceans, however, after their usage time they are become a complex waste matter which consists of many hazardous heavy metals, acids, toxic chemicals and non-degradable plastics. Many are dumped, burnt or exported to recyclers. It is an emerging problem because of the volumes of e-waste being generated and the content of both toxic and valuable materials. Electronic devices form a complex mixture of materials and components, often containing several hundreds of different substances, many of which are toxic and create serious pollution upon disposal. Each year, around 50 million ton of e-wastes are produced. Depending upon their nature of reaction, there are possibilities for dangers depending upon the situation. Discarded computers, batteries and other electro chemical wastes may results in unwanted results. So it s important to be aware of e wastes in addition to the 220

2 other physical wastes. E-waste is a popular informal name for electronic product nearing the end of their useful life 2. Objective 1. Discussion about sources of e-waste. 2. Discussion on its harmful effect. 3. Discussing the techniques for management of e-waste. 4. Creating awareness about e-waste management. 5. E-waste concerns and challenges. 6. Case study on electronic waste with reference to Sangli City. 3. Literature Review 1. Author Name - (Dr. SaojiAjeet) Title E-waste management:an Emerging Environmental and health issue in India. Published- March2012 Electronic waste or e-waste is one of the rapidly growing problems of the world. E-waste comprises of a multitude of components, some containing toxic substances that can have an adverse impact on human health and the environment if not handled properly. In India, e-waste management assumes greater significance not only due to the generation of its own e-waste but also because of the dumping of e-waste from developed countries. This is coupled with India's lack of appropriate infrastructure and procedures for its disposal and recycling. Putting the onus of recycling of electronic wastes (e-waste) on the producers, the Ministry of Environment and Forest (Moe) has for the first time notified e-waste management rules 2. Author Name -.Vats Mahesh C., Singh Santosh K. 2014) Title Status Of E-waste in Inadia Published October 2014 The mammoth generation of e-waste has created a new e-waste stream in the country containing obsolete, end of life Electrical and Electronics Equipment s discarded after their intended use. The innovation, dynamism in product design and globalization replacing these equipment s in very duration and made it fast growing waste in the world. E-waste is being generated by both indigenous and outsourced electrical and electronics equipment besides Basel Convention. The know-how and compatible infrastructure for waste treatment is limited in India and informal recycling survived under the ambit of flexible legislative framework. The presence of toxic and hazardous substances in e-waste equipment s attracted the attention of the waste managing agencies in the country because these substances endanger the human health, environment, wherever present in uncontrolled conditions. The existence and implementation of Environmentally Sound Management is partial and progressing very slowly due to obvious reasons. The formal recyclers have commissioned comprehensive e-waste treatment facilities; but inadequate in proportion to the e-waste generation in the country since the informal recyclers are treating 95% of the e-waste generated with hazardous practices. The formal waste collection formal sources is ambiguous. E-waste contains a good amount of valuable recyclable materials also and has potential to become curative business in the country 3. Author Name MihirVaidya TitleProcess and Control Management of Ever Increasing Generation of E-waste Published October 2016 Waste generation is one of the most difficult problem faced by us in the 21st century. The amount of waste generated, its recycling and disposal are some of the major issues faced by both developed as well as 221

3 developing countries. E-waste stands for Electronic waste, the waste generated from electronics and it s various components due to the advent of technological development. Case study Sangli, Maharashtra Basic data State - Maharashtra Area km 2 Population 513,862 ANALYSIS OF DATA 1. Television Components which are not harmful and used at local level Plastic, Metal, External Electrical Wiring, Transformer Components which are harmful and no recyclable CRT, Internal wiring, Circuit Boards, BFR Percentage Constituents of Television Other 13% Iron 23% Glass 29% Non Iron 11% Plastic 24% Iron Non Iron Plastic Glass Other Harmful Components CRT Internal wiring Circuit boards BFR Hazardous content in it Lead, Antimony Mercury Phosphorus Phthalate Plasticizer Lead Lead Beryllium Antimony BFRS 222

4 Quantity of Harmful substance in percentage Lead Beryllium Arsenic Zinc Antimony 2. Refrigerator Components which are not harmful and used at local level Plastic,Motor, External Electrical Wiring, Metal Components which are harmful and no recyclable LCD, Internal wiring,bfr, Batteries, Coolant, Insulation, Rubber, Incandescent Lamp, Glass, Thermostat, CFC HCFC HFC HC Refrigerator Other weight 17% Iron Weight 20% Plastic weight 23% Non iron weight 14% Glass weight 26% Iron Weight Non iron weight Glass weight Plastic weight Other weight 223

5 Harmful Components LCD and Glass and Thermostat Internal wiring Circuit Boards Incandescent Lamp Batteries CFC HCFC HFC HC, Coolant Hazardous Content in it Mercury Phthalate plasticizer, Lead Lead, Beryllium, Antimony Insulation ODS in foam, asbestos, refractory ceramic fibre Lead, Lithium, Cadmium, Mercury Ozone depleting substances Quantity of Harmful Substance in Percentage Lead Beryllium Arsenic Zinc Antimony 3. Computers Components which are not harmful and used at local level Components which are harmful and no recyclable Plastic,Motor, External Electrical Wiring LCD, Internal wiring, Circuit Boards, BFR, Fluorescent Lamp, Batteries 224

6 Computers Other weight 14% Iron weight 27% Plastic weight 31% Non iron weight 19% Glass weight 9% Iron weight Non iron weight Glass weight Plastic weight Other weight Harmful Components LCD Internal wiring Circuit Boards BFR Fluorescent Lamp Batteries Hazardous Content in it Mercury Phthalate plasticizer, Lead Lead, Barium, Antimony BFRs Mercury, Phosphorus, Flame Retardants Lead, Lithium, Cadmium, Mercury Harmful substances in percentage Lead Barium Copper Zinc Nickel 225

7 4.Washing Machine Components which are not harmful and used at local level Plastic,Motor, External Electrical Wiring, Metal, Heating Element- Components which are harmful and no recyclable Internal wiring,rubber, Glass, Thermostat, Electrolyte Capacitor Washing Machine Other weight 28% Iron weight 36% Plastic weight 24% Glass weight 2% Non iron weight 10% Iron weight Non iron weight Glass weight Plastic weight Other weight Harmful Components Hazardous Content in it Internal wiring Phthalate plasticizer, Lead Rubber Phthalate plasticizer, BFR Glass Mercury Electrolyte Capacitor Glycol, other unknown substances 226

8 Harmful substance in percentage Lead Beryllium Arsenic Zinc Antimony Conclusion The technology is changing every hour of the day due to availability of new technology due to globalization and replacing the old electronic equipment's in large numbers. Reuse of end-of- life (EOL) electronic equipment has first priority on the management of electronic waste. Modern Facilities are to be established for the collection of e-waste & for the disposal methods of e- waste. The Export of e-waste must be minimized & instead more number of recycling plants must be set up in India. References o Dr.AjeetSaoji (2012), E-waste management: An emerging environmental and health issue in India national journal of medical research,volume 2, Issue 1, Jan March 2012, ISSN , pp o Dr.KashyapMangesh (2013) Hazardous e-waste Management Proceedings of National Conference(23rd & 24th December 2013), volume17, ISSN o Godbole Nina (2011) E-Waste Management: Challenges and Issues pp o Hester Ronald, Harrison Roy (2009) Electronic Waste Management Volume 27,ISSN , pp o JohriRakesh (2013) E-waste: Implications, regulations, and management in India and current global best practices o KiddeePeeranart, Naidu Ravi and Ming H. Wong (2013), Electronic waste management approaches Waste Management, volume 33,pp o Singh Amanjot,bagai Deepak(2014) Electronic waste management Indian perspective Proceedings of SARC- IRF International Conference, 12th April-2014, New Delhi, India, ISBN: o Vats Mahesh C. and Singh Santosh K.(2014) Status of E-Waste in India, International Journal of Innovative Research in Science,Engineering and Technology, Volume 3, Issue 10, pp