IOT BASED SMART GARBAGE COLLECTOR FOR SMART CITIES

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1 International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET) Volume 9, Issue 12, December 2018, pp , Article ID: IJCIET_09_12_048 Available online at ISSN Print: and ISSN Online: IAEME Publication Scopus Indexed IOT BASED SMART GARBAGE COLLECTOR FOR SMART CITIES M N Rajaprabha, P Jayalakshmi, R Vijay Anand and N Asha SITE, VIT, Tamilnadu ABSTRACT Smart cities are the emerging cities that provide essential services for people to have a comfort and quality life. These cities are designed using various sustainable practices. Increase in the population and the essence of comfortable living gave a tremendous growth in the urban areas which results in the generation of huge amount of solid wastes. Improper disposal mechanism leads to pollute the land, water and air. To avoid such a situation and to improve the cleaning, IoT based smart garbage collector is proposed. In this paper we propose a garbage collector which makes use of the technologies like IoT and Cloud Storage for efficient solid waste management in smart cities. Keywords: Cloud Storage, IoT, Smart City, Solid Waste Management Cite this Article: M N Rajaprabha, P Jayalakshmi, R Vijay Anand and N Asha, Iot Based Smart Garbage Collector for Smart Cities, International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology, 9(12), 2018, pp INTRODUCTION A smart city is also termed as cyberville, digital city, electronic communities, flexicity, information city, intelligent city, knowledge-based city, MESH city, telecity, teletopia, Ubiquitous city, wired city. Etc.[9] A smart city is an urban area comprises of integrated monitor and management system of various sectors like traffic and transportation systems, power plants, water supply networks, waste management, law enforcement, information systems, schools, libraries, hospitals, and other community services. Using the Information and Communication Technology (ICT), the required data is collected from the sensors and other devices installed in various blocks of the smart city and used for managing the resources in sustainable and efficient manner. Technology installed in the Smart city allows the city officials to interact directly with both the community and city infrastructure and to monitor what is happening in the city and how the city is evolving. Management of the wastes generated in the city is the biggest challenge. Wastes are produced from homes, industries, shops, markets, lands etc. An efficient waste management editor@iaeme.com

2 M N Rajaprabha, P Jayalakshmi, R Vijay Anand and N Asha mechanism is required for maintaining a clean and green environment. Waste collection and recycling is done through various technologies. Internet of Things (IoT) is the emerging technology which has vast applications in wide area. In internet of things all the connected devices can communicate to each other to share information among them and to initiate a task. The following sections detail the usage of IoT Technology in solid waste management in smart cities. 2. RELATED WORK In the traditional waste management system (Figure 1), the corporation and the people are involved in the manual collection of waste, its dissemination, and its recycling. Figure 1 Traditional Waste Management System Then slowly, they started to use technology for monitoring and collecting the waste in an efficient way. Mahajan and Chitode [4] have proposed Zig-Bee based waste bins monitoring system. The sensors placed in the garbage bins sense the level of garbage in the garbage bin and status of garbage bin is communicated to garbage collection truck driver using short messaging service. Similar approach is proposed by Gupta and Kumar [5]. They have utilized RFID and GSM technology for communicating status of garbage bins. In the system proposed by Bhor [6], the extent of garbage in the bins is spotted with the help of Sensor systems, and communicated to the authorized control room through GSM system. To monitor the required information related to garbage bins at different selected locations a GUI is also developed. This will increase the efficiency of garbage collection management. Smart bins concept for waste collection management for entire city is proposed in [7]. In the SmartBin[2] model, the bin segregates the wastes into dry/wet wastes, and once the bin is filled it will notify the user for clearance. Sangita and Varsaha[3] proposed the Solid Waste Collection as a Service Model in which IoT enabled devices are used for monitoring the garbage bins and communicates with the cloud server to notify their location. 3. PROPOSED SYSTEM We have developed an IoT and Cloud enabled Efficient Garbage Collection System for smart cities in which the garbage bin is equipped with various sensors to classify the wastes and sense the level of garbage. A GPS module is also attached with the bin to notify its current location to the cloud, which in turn can be used by the truck driver for collecting the wastes. The IoT based Smart Bin is shown in Figure 2. The bin is designed using various sensors and modules. It contains a waste collection tray in the top where the user throws the wastes into the bin. The waste collection tray contains a moisture sensor which determines the type of waste (dry or wet). Also two servo motors are fitted with the waste collection tray to tilt the tray towards wet collector bin or dry collector bin. When the user puts the waste on the tray, the type of waste is classified using the Moisture Sensor and the appropriate servo motors is started to tilt the tray to dump the waste in dry/wet bins. Each bin is fitted with an IR proximity sensor on its side at a moderately full level. When the waste accumulates to this level, the sensor reading activates the GPS module and through the Wi-Fi module, the GPS module communicates with the Cloud Server and notifies its current location (latitude and longitude) editor@iaeme.com

3 Iot Based Smart Garbage Collector for Smart Cities To save energy, the IR Proximity sensor is used to detect the presence of waste products. When there are no or less wastes in the bins the entire system will stay idle. Figure 2: IoT based Smart Bin 4. WORKING MODEL The working model of the proposed system is depicted in figure 3. The IoT enabled Smart Bin - though the equipped sensors and modules is designed using Arduino Mega 2560[17]. The waste dropped into the bin is classified into the dry and wet waste using Moisture sensor DHT 11 is a capacitive moisture sensor and a thermistor. After identifying the type of waste the servo motors MG995 are started in clockwise/anti-clockwise direction to drop the waste in appropriate sub-bin. The accurate angular movement required by the servomotor is 100 O clockwise for tilting the waste into wet bin and 100 O anticlockwise for dry bin. Once the bin is filled with wastes, the IR sensor detects the level and enables the GPS Module. The GPS Module in turn automatically communicates with Cloud Server through the WiFi module - ESP8266 to notify its current location (latitude and longitude) for waste collection. The data sent by the smart bin is stored in the cloud and it is available for access from anywhere through the internet. The continuously sensed data from the garbage bins are stored in the cloud server and can be further used by both Waste management authority like the Municipalities, Corporations etc and as well garbage collection truck drivers. Using the Google Map package for Dynamic Routing is applied with the locations of the filled smart bins to generate a navigate map through the shortest Path Algorithm. Through this Navigation Map the truck drivers can devise a strategy to collect the wastes from the bins editor@iaeme.com

4 M N Rajaprabha, P Jayalakshmi, R Vijay Anand and N Asha Figure 3 Proposed Smart Garbage Collector System 5. CONCLUSION With growing population and urbanisation, Waste Collection and Management is a tedious tasks nowadays especially in smart cities. Without proper waste management the city will be dumped with garbages which lead to spread of diseases, polluting the environment etc. The explained model proposes an efficient, cost effective waste management model with a minimal investment implementing the latest technologies. Manual interference is reduced to the extent. Here everything is automated and the data is available online. So garbage clearance is an easy task. In future we are planning to incorporate various sensors in the smart bin to classify the waste into categories like degradable, plastic, metal etc. REFERENCES [1] Nallapaneni Manoj Kumar, Sonali Goel and Pradeep Kumar Mallick,"Smart Cities in India: Features, Policies, Current Status, and Challenges", IEEE International Conference on Technologies for Smart-City Energy Security and Power (ICSESP-2018), March 28-30, [2] Manisha Jayson, Sanket Hiremath and Lakshmi H R, "SmartBin-Automatic waste segregation and collection", 2018 Second International Conference on Advances in Electronics, Computer and Communications (ICAECC-2018), pages 1-4. [3] Sangita S. Chaudhari ; Varsha Y. Bhole, Solid Waste Collection as a Service using IoT- Solution for Smart Cities, 2018 International Conference on Smart City and Emerging Technology (ICSCET), 2018, Pages: 1-5 [4] K. Mahajan and J. Chitode, Zig-Bee Based Waste Bin Monitoring System, International Journal of Engineering Sciences & Research Technology, 3(2), Feb editor@iaeme.com

5 Iot Based Smart Garbage Collector for Smart Cities [5] S. Gupta and P. Kumar, Real Time Solid Waste Monitoring and Management System: A Case Study of Kanpur City, International Journal of Science, Environment and Technology, 4(2), April [6] V. Bhor, P. Morajkar, A. Deshpande, Smart Garbage Management System, International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology, 4(3), March [7] N. Sharma, N. Singha, and T. Dutta, Smart Bin Implementation for Smart Cities, International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, 6(9), Sept [8] [9] [10] editor@iaeme.com