V4 15JUNE2016 (COPYRIGHT: DEPARTMENT OF INDUSTRY)

Transcription

1 V4 15JUNE2016 (COPYRIGHT: DEPARTMENT OF INDUSTRY) ACN "Driving Sustainability through Teamwork" e: m: CALCULATING COOL USER GUIDE V4 15JUNE2016 Page 1 of 23

2 CONTENTS 1 CALCULATING COOL WHAT IS CALCULATING COOL? USER GUIDE BUILDING TYPE DESIGN DX AIR COOLED DX WATER COOLED CENTRAL PLANT & SYSTEMS OTHER ATTRIBUTE SECTIONS COMMISSIONING TUNING MAINTENANCE DOCUMENTATION USER SATISFACTION RATING OUTCOMES CALCULATING COOL USER GUIDE V4 15JUNE2016 Page 2 of 23

3 1 CALCULATING COOL Heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) systems account for the majority of energy consumption in commercial office buildings. The project will deliver an online rating tool to benchmark performance against best practice to help improve the design, installation and operation of HVAC systems. is, therefore, an Energy Efficiency benchmarking tool for HVAC systems. The rating tool uses two sets of inputs, comprising energy consumption (quantitative) and a series of system attributes (qualitative). HVAC systems can be rated at three phases of their life cycle, namely, a New Design, a New Installation or an Existing Installation. This voluntary rating tool is intended for use by individuals involved with design, procurement, supply, installation, commissioning, operation and maintenance in the HVAC industry. The HVAC Online Rating Tool is aimed at providing a platform towards recognizing, rewarding and encouraging best practice in relation to HVAC system management and operation. The rating tool may be used as a guide towards best practice specification for procurement of future HVAC systems. It can be used to rate current performance, develop a series of upgrade strategies and track improvements in energy consumption. The tool aims to provide a structured path to specify energy efficiency measures, the effectiveness of which can be quantified by periodic use of the rating tool. Essentially, the rating tool attempts to provide a credible source for HVAC systems towards achieving best practice and beyond. has been developed in collaboration with industry bodies including the Australian Institute of Refrigeration, Air conditioning and Heating (AIRAH), the Property Council of Australia (PCA), the Facilities Management Association of Australia (FMAA), and the Air conditioning and Mechanical Contractors' Association (AMCA). The project is being managed by Sustainability Victoria on behalf of the Council of Australian Government Commercial Buildings Committee with joint funding from the Commonwealth, States and Territories, and delivered by. For more information, please contact: Inge Sarunic Project Advisor Energy Skills, Built Environment & Energy, p: e: inge.sarunic@sustainability.vic.gov.au w: For technical queries, please contact: e: pcthomas@teamcatalyst.com.au CALCULATING COOL USER GUIDE V4 15JUNE2016 Page 3 of 23

4 2 WHAT IS CALCULATING COOL? This version of has been developed to rate HVAC systems in office buildings. The first iteration of the HVAC Online Rating Tool, known as was released on 01 OCT is currently free for use by users wishing to benchmark the performance of HVAC systems in Australian office buildings with a Nett Lettable Area of 2,000m2 or more. is an Energy Efficiency benchmarking tool for HVAC systems. is designed to rate the main HVAC system serving the building; it is not appropriate to use it to try and rate small HVAC systems spread around the building, for example a small split system in the building manager s office in the basement, etc. rewards and encourages best practice in the HVAC life cycle. It can be used to rate HVAC systems in at least three points of their life cycle. These are: New HVAC Design: (final design documentation) New HVAC System Installation: (less than 12 months in operation) Existing HVAC Installation: (more than 12 months in operation) The online rating tool is accessible at CALCULATING COOL USER GUIDE V4 15JUNE2016 Page 4 of 23

5 3 USER GUIDE Figure 1: home page for, accessible at CALCULATING COOL USER GUIDE V4 15JUNE2016 Page 5 of 23

6 To activate the online calculator, click on the top right hand corner of the landing page start calculating button that will take the user to the following page: Figure 2: starting page for the online rating calculator; start by clicking Create New Profile Start by clicking on Create New Profile ; this will generate a unique Reference Code for the building profile. Please copy and store this code immediately; possibly into a text file. Figure 3: generates a unique Reference Code for each new building profile CALCULATING COOL USER GUIDE V4 15JUNE2016 Page 6 of 23

7 Entering this unique Reference Code is the only way for the user to retrieve the building profile at a later time. Note that if the user accidentally clicked on the Calculator menu button part way through the data input process, the user will be presented with the screen in Figure 2 again. Entering the Reference Code would be the only way to retrieve the input data. The user should then enter their address and read and accept the terms and conditions Doing so will generate a Next Section clickable dialog box on the bottom of the page, as well as a row of section heading tabs (as per figure below) near the top of the page: Figure 4: Section heading menu The user has to now complete each section from top to bottom to arrive at an HVAC system rating. The user must complete the first two sections, namely BUILDING and TYPE; these are required for the rating process to be initiated. While all the remaining sections must be completed to generate a complete rating, it is possible to generate partial ratings by completing as many of the remaining sections as possible, namely, DESIGN, COMMISSIONING, TUNING, MAINTENANCE, DOCUMENTATION and SATISFACTION. Once the above sections are completed, clicking on the REPORT section heading tab will let the user access the HVAC system rating. Each of these section heading tabs are dealt with in detail in the following sections of this guide. Each of the inputs is discussed to provide the user with insights on filling out the online rating calculator. CALCULATING COOL USER GUIDE V4 15JUNE2016 Page 7 of 23

8 3.1 BUILDING Property name: name of the property at which the HVAC system performance is being rated Street Address: street address of the property at which the HVAC system performance is being rated City: select a city from a drop down list. A map that shows cooling degree days across Australia is provided for users to deal with cities not in the drop down list. The user should select the city in the drop down list that is located in the same cooling degree day range. cooling degree days/documentation.shtml GFA, m2: gross floor area of the building in square meters NLA Class 5, m2: nett lettable area of the building in square meters as defined by the PCA Method of Measurement. It is critical that this value is entered accurately. The PCA definition of NLA excludes service areas, corridors, retail spaces, main foyers, amenities and so on. PCA Grade: select the grade of the building as defined by the PCA (Property Council of Australia) Total Installed Cooling Capacity, Kilo Watts: the sum total of cooling thermal capacities for all chillers or package/split units installed in the building Total Installed Heating Capacity, Kilo Watts: the sum total of heating thermal capacities for all boilers installed in the building CALCULATING COOL USER GUIDE V4 15JUNE2016 Page 8 of 23

9 3.2 TYPE The user has to select the rating type for the HVAC system life cycle between an Existing Installation, New Installation and New Design. If either New Installation or New Design is selected, then predicted energy use for the HVAC system from an energy simulation is to be entered. If Existing Installation is selected, then the user has the option to enter 12 months of sub metered data for the HVAC system only, this means cooling towers, chillers, boilers, pumps, AHUs etc., for central plant systems, or compressors and indoor unit energy for DX air cooled; add the cooling tower as required for DX water cooled systems and boiler energy consumption for DX systems where applicable.. If sub metered consumption data for the HVAC system only is not available, then the user has the option to enter annual energy use for base building only. The user has to answer questions about the building having a car park and how it s energy use is accounted for. These answers allow to estimate how much of the base building annual energy consumption can be attributed to the HVAC system. CALCULATING COOL USER GUIDE V4 15JUNE2016 Page 9 of 23

10 3.3 DESIGN This section requires technical information about the system configuration, component type and performance and energy efficiency features. This section may require input from an HVAC specialist. It is reiterated that is designed to rate the main HVAC system serving the building. is not an appropriate tool to rate small HVAC systems spread around the building, for example a small split system in the building manager s office in the basement, etc. Initially the user has to select an HVAC system type to be rated between DX Air Cooled, DX Water Cooled and Central Plant & Systems It is also important to note that does not discriminate between these three (3) system types. The best system configuration of any of the three systems receives the same credit in. HVAC system configuration for energy efficiency is determined by the number of attributes that the system incorporates. Details that are input should be representative of the entire system, and some engineering judgement maybe required to be exercised here. ( does not require the user to input details for HVAC system components that can be repeated multiple times across a building and it s HVAC system). It is recommended that user inputs are conservative, rather than optimistic, to return HVAC system ratings that will be useful for effective decision making DX AIR COOLED Input the following details for a representative Air Cooled Condensing Unit (ACCU): Compressor Technology: select the type of compressor technology from the drop down box. Choices are Reciprocating, Scroll and Digital Scroll Compressor Capacity Control: select the type of compressor capacity control technology from the drop down box. Choices are None, Staging and VSD (variable speed drive) Thermal Capacity, kwr: design capacity at design conditions; System Power Input, kwe: electrical input at thermal capacity conditions input listed above Refrigerant type: select from drop down box Indicate if the following attributes are available at a system level Economy cycle control: select from drop down box Reverse cycle heating capability: select if unit has this capability Zoning Scheme: indicate if the system is designed or installed with no specific zoning, or if perimeter and center zones are clearly separated, or if there is more than one perimeter zones or more than one center zone CALCULATING COOL USER GUIDE V4 15JUNE2016 Page 10 of 23

11 Unit Type: indicate if the DX HVAC system being rated is based around split units with separate indoor and outdoor units connected by refrigerant piping, OR if it is based around a packaged unit design with ducts distributing conditioned air. The following questions will be specific to this answer For the Split Unit configuration, respond to the following system level questions System level control: select type of system level control option installed, none or VRV/VRF Zone Size: smaller zone sizes allow for better control and energy efficiency operation; select from the drop down menu Max reference pipe run: the user should input the longest refrigerant pipe run between the outdoor unit and an indoor unit for a representative system. It is recommended that a conservative (longer run) is input For the Package Unit configuration, respond to the following system level questions System configuration: select if the system is set up as a floor by floor configuration or a centralised one System level control: select if the system has variable flow capability DX WATER COOLED Input the following details for a representative Water Cooled Condensing Unit (WCCU): Compressor Technology: select the type of compressor technology from the drop down box. Choices are Reciprocating, Scroll and Digital Scroll Compressor Capacity Control: select the type of compressor capacity control technology from the drop down box. Choices are None, Staging and VSD (variable speed drive) Thermal Capacity, kwr: design capacity at design conditions; or rated capacity at ARI conditions System Power Input, kwe: electrical input at thermal capacity conditions input listed above Refrigerant type: select from drop down box Indicate if the following attributes are available at a system level Economy cycle control: select from drop down box Air to water heat pump capability: select YES if the systems have this capability Condenser water temperature reset: select YES if the condensers installed have the capacity to handle variable water temperatures and the strategy has been programmed Zoning Scheme: indicate if the system is designed or installed with no specific zoning, or if perimeter and center zones are clearly separated, or if there is more than one perimeter zones or more than one center zone CALCULATING COOL USER GUIDE V4 15JUNE2016 Page 11 of 23

12 Unit Type: indicate if the DX HVAC system being rated is based around split units with separate indoor and outdoor units connected by refrigerant piping, OR if it is based around a packaged unit design with ducts distributing conditioned air. The following questions will be specific to this answer For the Split Unit configuration, respond to the following system level questions System level control: select type of system level control option installed, none or VRV/VRF Zone Size: smaller zone sizes allow for better control and energy efficiency operation; select from the drop down menu Max reference pipe run: the user should input the longest refrigerant pipe run between the outdoor unit and an indoor unit for a representative system. It is recommended that a conservative (longer run) is input For the Package Unit configuration, respond to the following system level questions System configuration: select if the system is set up as a floor by floor configuration or a centralised one System level control: select if the system has variable flow capability CENTRAL PLANT & SYSTEMS Selecting this HVAC configuration will require the user to answer questions on four sections, chilled water plant, heating hot water plant, air handling units and zone terminal units. Chilled Water Plant: The Chilled Water Plant normally consists of chillers and associated equipment. These would include pumps, control system and, in the case of a water cooled plant, cooling towers and additional pumps. The user is required to enter each chiller that is installed as part of the HVAC. There is a Remove this chiller button which allows the user to completely remove a chiller s details in case they change their mind. Continue to add chillers (using the + Add A New Chiller button) until all chillers in the HVAC system have been described. Then click the Finished Adding Chillers button to describe SYSTEM RETICULATION AND CONTROL FOR CHILLED WATER SYSTEMS For each chiller, the user is required to select a chiller type from: Air cooled Water cooled, or Absorption Compressor Type Capacity Control: select the combination of compressor type and capacity control technology from the drop down box. CALCULATING COOL USER GUIDE V4 15JUNE2016 Page 12 of 23

13 Thermal Capacity, kwr: design capacity at design conditions; Power Input, kwe: electrical input at thermal capacity conditions input listed above Leaving chilled water temperature, C: (Celcius) design leaving chilled water temperature for the loop Entering chilled water temperature, C: design entering chilled water temperature for the loop Refrigerant type: select from drop down box Chiller Mode: the options are Standby and Duty. Nominate a chiller to be a Standby chiller only if: This is a spare capacity chiller, or There are two (2) equally sized chillers, which never run together at the same time. In this case, one of these should be nominated Duty, and the other should be nominated Standby After completing the Chiller Mode entry click the Finished Adding Chillers button to describe SYSTEM RETICULATION AND CONTROL FOR CHILLED WATER SYSTEMS. The user needs to fill in system level control information for energy efficiency. These include: Heat recovery: whether the chilled water plant has a heat recovery option Chilled water reticulation: select the pumping control configuration designed and/or installed in the HVAC system Chilled water reset: select YES if this control strategy for improving energy efficiency is active Ambient lockout: select YES if the chillers are programmed to not start if the ambient temperature is lower than a predefined value For a water cooled chilled water plant, the user needs to answer two more questions for: Condenser water reset: select YES if this control strategy for improving energy efficiency is active Cooling tower fans: select YES if this control strategy for improving energy efficiency is active Heating Hot Water Plant: The Heating Hot Water Plant, if installed, consists of boilers, pumps and control system. If electric boilers are not installed, then the user is asked to answer further questions including: Boiler Type: select if the boiler type is a high efficiency condensing boiler or not Burner Capacity Control: select if the burner can modulate with heating demand or not Hot water reticulation: select the pumping control configuration designed and/or installed in the HVAC system CALCULATING COOL USER GUIDE V4 15JUNE2016 Page 13 of 23

14 Air Handling Units (AHU): Questions relating to this section are to be answered as relating to a typical AHU for the HVAC system. It applied to AHUs for an all air system, eg., VAV systems, or to air water based systems, eg., chilled beam systems. Demand controlled ventilation: select YES if a demand controlled ventilation strategy is in place Economy cycle: select the type of full economy strategy is in type Active humidity control: select the appropriate humidity control strategy that is in place; note that the answer is NONE if humidity control relies solely on the dehumidification performance of the chilled water coil without a control strategy to back it up Chilled water control valve: select the control valve configuration on the typical chilled water coil (either AHU or FCU); note that the AHU/FCU located at the index run of the chilled water piping may have a configuration different to that of the typical AHU/FCU Hot water control valve: select the control valve configuration on the typical heating hot water coil (either AHU or FCU); note that the AHU/FCU located at the index run of the hot water piping may have a configuration different to that of the typical AHU/FCU Supply air temperature reset: select YES if this control strategy for improving energy efficiency is active AHU motor efficiency: nominate the motor efficiency range of the AHU electric motor AHU fan static efficiency: nominate the static efficiency range of the AHU fan AHU total static pressure: nominate the total static pressure range for the typical AHU. Note the difference between internal AHU static pressure and total AHU static pressure AHU fan static pressure control: nominate the control strategy for fan static pressure control AHU layout: nominate the manner in which the AHUs are set up to condition the building, either as central AHUs or as floor by floor layout Typical floor zoning: select from the list of options for how the typical floor is zoned for HVAC; whether there seems to be no specific zoning, or if perimeter zones and interior (or center) zones are separately conditioned; or if the floor is set up as a face zone format, where each perimeter orientation is served by a different system Zone Terminal Units: HVAC equipment that is installed in the office spaces being conditioned are referred to as Zone Terminal Units; these systems deal with the heating or cooling demand for each space. The user has to initially select between two options; is there a single zone terminal unit type that serves the majority of the office spaces in the building, or are there different systems for perimeter zones and centre (or interior) zones. Based on this answer, will request the user to select either one or two different Zone Terminal Unit types, and request further input for selected systems. For Variable Air Volume (VAV) systems the user will be asked to provide information on Controller Type, Turn Down Ratio, Reheat Coil Configuration and Zone Size. For Chilled Beam systems the user will be asked to provide information on Type, Chilled Water Temperature Control, Chilled Water Flow and Thermal Zoning. CALCULATING COOL USER GUIDE V4 15JUNE2016 Page 14 of 23

15 For Under Floor Air Distribution (UFAD) systems the user will be asked to provide information on Dehumidification, Plenum Partitioning, Zone Isolation, Leakage, Thermostat Position and Diffuser Re location. 3.4 OTHER ATTRIBUTE SECTIONS The remaining five (5) attribute sections of, that is, COMMISSIONING, TUNING, MAINTENANCE, DOCUMENTATION and (USER) SATISFACTION contain a series of questions that require the user to select YES rather than the default NO answer, based on system attributes. A YES answer indicates greater potential for energy efficiency. To get the best outcomes from, it is strongly recommended that the user reads each question in detail (each question is carefully worded), and considers carefully individual responses. Incorrect or inaccurate responses to these questions will negate the power of s rating output. A well thought of, and informed/consulted response will result in a more realistic outcome than for incorrect or inaccurate inputs. Each question has been reproduced in the following sections, and users may use this document as an off line data input sheet for the following sections. CALCULATING COOL USER GUIDE V4 15JUNE2016 Page 15 of 23

16 3.5 COMMISSIONING Has commissioning or re commissioning been carried out in accordance with ASHRAE commissioning guidelines (HVAC Systems), OR CIBSE commissioning code M2003, OR AIRAH D27 in the last 3 years? Has the Building Management Control System (BMCS) been commissioned or re commissioned as per AIRAH D28 (or equivalent) in the last 3 years? Is there a live and up to date document which details the functional control strategies consistent with day to day operation of the as installed BMS? Is there a readily available live and up to date document that records all the commissioning data relating to the currently installed HVAC system configuration? Was there a procedure to document the variation between the expected and actual performance for each HVAC system component during the commissioning or re commissioning process? Was there a process to review any variations (above), take corrective action where required, and resolve each issue? Has a retraining program been carried out for personnel responsible for day to day operation of the HVAC and BMS systems in the last 3 years? Is there a training procedure in place for HVAC and BMS system operation, specific to the installed HVAC system, in the event of a change of personnel? CALCULATING COOL USER GUIDE V4 15JUNE2016 Page 16 of 23

17 3.6 TUNING Is there a process to regularly (minimum monthly) review that individual HVAC control loops are operating consistent with documented function control strategies? Is there a process in place to track and record corrective action, where required, to rectify any HVAC control loop operating issues? Is there a sub metering system that continuously records and regularly reports HVAC system energy use? Does the HVAC sub metering system comprise of dedicated electric sub meters? Is the sub metering system capable of continuously recording and regularly reporting (minimum monthly) energy use for each HVAC end use (for example, pumps, fans, condensing units, chillers, etc)? Is the metered end use consumption data being compared regularly against targets (minimum monthly), and is corrective action being taken when required? Is there an automated system that reviews BMS monitoring points and sub metering information to facilitate continuous tuning? CALCULATING COOL USER GUIDE V4 15JUNE2016 Page 17 of 23

18 3.7 MAINTENANCE Is there a single point of responsibility for the longer term maintenance of the HVAC system and BMS? Is there a live and up to date document detailing the scope for maintenance specific to the installed HVAC system? Is there a process which tracks and records maintenance being carried out in relation to the documented scope? Is there a live change log document that records changes to HVAC system operation and control parameters due to maintenance activity? Are maintenance procedures reviewed annually for adequacy, and is there a process in place to initiate changes if required? Is there a documented, strategic plan, supported by the building owner, for end of life replacement of major HVAC system components with a strong focus on improving overall HVAC system energy efficiency? CALCULATING COOL USER GUIDE V4 15JUNE2016 Page 18 of 23

19 3.8 DOCUMENTATION Is a complete set of as built documentation available at hand for the HVAC system including equipment technical schedules, part load performance data, air/water schematics and plant room layout and fit out drawings? Are project specific manuals for Installation, Operation and Maintenance readily available, consistent with the existing HVAC system configuration? Is there a readily available document that captures operational issues associated with the HVAC plant including corrective actions taken to rectify issues? Is there a live document or established process, which communicates the energy efficiency features and operational strategies specific to the HVAC system impacting relevant stakeholders (tenants, operational and maintenance staff, etc)? CALCULATING COOL USER GUIDE V4 15JUNE2016 Page 19 of 23

20 3.9 USER SATISFACTION CALCULATING COOL USER GUIDE V4 15JUNE2016 Page 20 of 23

21 4 RATING OUTCOMES Using the inputs described in the previous sections, will provide a Report Output for the HVAC system being rated that has the following components: a QUANTITATIVE rating table that compares the building s performance (either predicted or measured) against Best Practise a table that rates each of the ATTRIBUTES that the user has input data for an OVERALL ATTRIBUTE rating, and and a COMBINED OVERALL RATING Examples of these outputs are given below. Figure 5: QUANTITATIVE rating result produced by CALCULATING COOL USER GUIDE V4 15JUNE2016 Page 21 of 23

22 Figure 6: Rating table for each ATTRIBUTE, scored against Best Practice Figure 7: The OVERALL ATTRIBUTE rating table CALCULATING COOL USER GUIDE V4 15JUNE2016 Page 22 of 23

23 Figure 8: provides a COMBINED OVERALL RATING for the HVAC system performance CALCULATING COOL USER GUIDE V4 15JUNE2016 Page 23 of 23