Introduction to Fans. The Basics of Fan Principles and Terminology
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1 Introduction to Fans The Basics of Fan Principles and Terminology
2 Airflow Principles
3 A fan is a rotating device that creates pressure differential that results in air movement
4 Pressure rise in a fan Downstream p s + Upstream FLOW p s -
5 Flow or CFM Air volume over a period of time
6 Static pressure is exerted in all directions
7 Velocity pressure is a function of air velocity and direction
8 Static Pressure Velocity Pressure
9 Duct Pressure Atmospheric Pressure Static Pressure + Velocity Pressure Total Pressure
10 Measuring Static Pressure
11 Measuring Total Pressure
12 Measuring Velocity Pressure Fan Manometer
13 Duct friction & obstructions result in pressure drop
14 Filter HEX Duct Register Damper Heater Orifice pressure
15
16 Velocity x Area = CFM
17 Standard Air lb/ft 3 70 o F / 21 o C Hg / 101 kpa ft 3 /lb
18 A fan will move the same amount of air regardless of the air density but will require less bhp and create less pressure than specified
19 Elevation Temp o F
20 Fan Selection at 5000 ft EF-1, 1, 773 rpm, 1.31bhp 5000 ft & 70 o F = 1.22 correction factor 1 x 1.22 = 1.22 EF-1, 1.22, 819 rpm, 1.55bhp 1.55 bhp / 1.22 = 1.27 bhp
21 Fan Curves
22 System Curves define the characteristics of the total system
23 Fan Curves define the performance of the fan
24 Operating Point
25 BHP curve shows horsepower requirements
26 Unstable Region
27 Changing the system changes its characteristic curve which changes fan performance
28 Fan Laws
29 The Fan Laws are used to predict performance
30 The Fan Laws are used to predict performance
31 The Fan Laws are used to predict performance
32 When Do I Use This? P Q
33 Fan Types
34 Performance of different fan types HP RB CENTRIFUGAL FC Narrow BC/BI/AFWHEEL Pressure FC Wide VANE/TUBE AXIAL PROPELLER AXIAL CFM
35 Axial fans provide relatively low pressure rise & relatively high volume flow rate
36 3 things to know about Propeller fans Low pressure rise, high flow Low hub-to-tip ratio Short depth
37 3 things to know about Tubeaxial fans Medium pressure rise Medium hub-to-tip ratio No downstream vanes
38 3 things to know about Vaneaxial fans High pressure rise High hub-to-tip ratio Downstream stationary vanes provide additional pressure rise
39 Centrifugal fans provide relatively high pressure rise relative to flow rate
40 3 things to know about Inline Centrifugal fans Centrifugal wheel in an axial tube High pressure High flow
41 3 things to know about centrifugal Forward Curved wheels Lower speed results in equivalent performance compared to BI Wheel Operated in a housing Higher noise compared to BI Wheel
42 3 things to know about centrifugal Backward Inclined wheels High efficiency High pressure rise Performs well with or without housing
43 3 things to know about centrifugal Radial Blade wheels Primarily for industrial applications Low efficiency Rugged design
44 Backward Inclined Fan V S
45 Forward Curved vs Backward Inclined V S V S Forward Curved Backward Inclined
46 Backward Curved Fan V S V S Backward Inclined Backward Curved
47 Airfoil Fan V S
48 Single width Double width
49 3 things to know about Mixed Flow fans Axial centrifugal hybrid High efficiency High flow
50 Airflow profiles of inline fans
51 Typical fan curves differ by fan type
52 Airfoil and backward inclined wheels are non-overloading meaning horsepower will peak and then drop off
53 Forward curved wheels are overloading meaning horsepower will continue to rise and can overload the motor
54 Non-overloading Overloading
55 Drive Types
56 Direct Drive + Low maintenance + No bearings or belts + Compact form factor -Less performance flexibility -Poor motor access -Airstream temperature considerations
57 Belt Drive + Performance flexibility + Motors out of the airstream + Ready motor availability -Require maintenance -Drive losses
58 Fan Standards & Codes
59 Industry Agencies Author Standards Certify Products
60 UL Standards UL 705 Power Ventilators UL 762 Power Ventilators for Restaurant Exhaust Appliances UL 793/Smoke Control Power Ventilators for Smoke-Control Systems
61 AMCA covers and defines many areas related to fans
62 AMCA fan classes define operating limits for fans
63 Sparkproof Construction Type A All parts of fan in contact with air non-ferrous Type B Non-ferrous impeller, and shaft opening Type C Ferrous hubs, shafts, & hardware acceptable if ferrous parts cannot touch
64 AMCA also defines fan arrangements, rotation, discharge & motor position
65
66
67
68 Questions?
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