Introduction to Fans. The Basics of Fan Principles and Terminology

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1 Introduction to Fans The Basics of Fan Principles and Terminology

2 Airflow Principles

3 A fan is a rotating device that creates pressure differential that results in air movement

4 Pressure rise in a fan Downstream p s + Upstream FLOW p s -

5 Flow or CFM Air volume over a period of time

6 Static pressure is exerted in all directions

7 Velocity pressure is a function of air velocity and direction

8 Static Pressure Velocity Pressure

9 Duct Pressure Atmospheric Pressure Static Pressure + Velocity Pressure Total Pressure

10 Measuring Static Pressure

11 Measuring Total Pressure

12 Measuring Velocity Pressure Fan Manometer

13 Duct friction & obstructions result in pressure drop

14 Filter HEX Duct Register Damper Heater Orifice pressure

15

16 Velocity x Area = CFM

17 Standard Air lb/ft 3 70 o F / 21 o C Hg / 101 kpa ft 3 /lb

18 A fan will move the same amount of air regardless of the air density but will require less bhp and create less pressure than specified

19 Elevation Temp o F

20 Fan Selection at 5000 ft EF-1, 1, 773 rpm, 1.31bhp 5000 ft & 70 o F = 1.22 correction factor 1 x 1.22 = 1.22 EF-1, 1.22, 819 rpm, 1.55bhp 1.55 bhp / 1.22 = 1.27 bhp

21 Fan Curves

22 System Curves define the characteristics of the total system

23 Fan Curves define the performance of the fan

24 Operating Point

25 BHP curve shows horsepower requirements

26 Unstable Region

27 Changing the system changes its characteristic curve which changes fan performance

28 Fan Laws

29 The Fan Laws are used to predict performance

30 The Fan Laws are used to predict performance

31 The Fan Laws are used to predict performance

32 When Do I Use This? P Q

33 Fan Types

34 Performance of different fan types HP RB CENTRIFUGAL FC Narrow BC/BI/AFWHEEL Pressure FC Wide VANE/TUBE AXIAL PROPELLER AXIAL CFM

35 Axial fans provide relatively low pressure rise & relatively high volume flow rate

36 3 things to know about Propeller fans Low pressure rise, high flow Low hub-to-tip ratio Short depth

37 3 things to know about Tubeaxial fans Medium pressure rise Medium hub-to-tip ratio No downstream vanes

38 3 things to know about Vaneaxial fans High pressure rise High hub-to-tip ratio Downstream stationary vanes provide additional pressure rise

39 Centrifugal fans provide relatively high pressure rise relative to flow rate

40 3 things to know about Inline Centrifugal fans Centrifugal wheel in an axial tube High pressure High flow

41 3 things to know about centrifugal Forward Curved wheels Lower speed results in equivalent performance compared to BI Wheel Operated in a housing Higher noise compared to BI Wheel

42 3 things to know about centrifugal Backward Inclined wheels High efficiency High pressure rise Performs well with or without housing

43 3 things to know about centrifugal Radial Blade wheels Primarily for industrial applications Low efficiency Rugged design

44 Backward Inclined Fan V S

45 Forward Curved vs Backward Inclined V S V S Forward Curved Backward Inclined

46 Backward Curved Fan V S V S Backward Inclined Backward Curved

47 Airfoil Fan V S

48 Single width Double width

49 3 things to know about Mixed Flow fans Axial centrifugal hybrid High efficiency High flow

50 Airflow profiles of inline fans

51 Typical fan curves differ by fan type

52 Airfoil and backward inclined wheels are non-overloading meaning horsepower will peak and then drop off

53 Forward curved wheels are overloading meaning horsepower will continue to rise and can overload the motor

54 Non-overloading Overloading

55 Drive Types

56 Direct Drive + Low maintenance + No bearings or belts + Compact form factor -Less performance flexibility -Poor motor access -Airstream temperature considerations

57 Belt Drive + Performance flexibility + Motors out of the airstream + Ready motor availability -Require maintenance -Drive losses

58 Fan Standards & Codes

59 Industry Agencies Author Standards Certify Products

60 UL Standards UL 705 Power Ventilators UL 762 Power Ventilators for Restaurant Exhaust Appliances UL 793/Smoke Control Power Ventilators for Smoke-Control Systems

61 AMCA covers and defines many areas related to fans

62 AMCA fan classes define operating limits for fans

63 Sparkproof Construction Type A All parts of fan in contact with air non-ferrous Type B Non-ferrous impeller, and shaft opening Type C Ferrous hubs, shafts, & hardware acceptable if ferrous parts cannot touch

64 AMCA also defines fan arrangements, rotation, discharge & motor position

65

66

67

68 Questions?

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