CONTENTS. 1 cooling technology white paper
|
|
- Shana Houston
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Using Surface Coatings to Extend LIfe and ImprovE Performance in industrial air conditioners CONTENTS 1. Introduction 2. Type of Corrosions 2.1 Galvanic Corrosion 2.2 General Corrosion 2.3 Formicary Corrosion 3. Type of Coils 3.1 Uncoated Coils 3.2 All-Aluminum Coils 3.3 Pre-Coated Aluminum Fin Coils 3.4 E-Coated Coils 3.5 Salt Spray Test Results 4. Dust Accumulation 4.1 Dust Loading Test Results 4.2 Effect of Fin Density 4.3 Effect of Coating 4.4 Effect of Oil/Lubricant Residual 4.5 Effect of Fin Pattern 5. Conclusions and Recommendations 1. Introduction Air conditioners are commonly used to keep electronics cool in various areas, such as industrial automation, telecommunication equipment, security and defense systems as well as other indoor and outdoor electronics applications. The electronics may be housed in protective enclosures, where air conditioners deliver cooled air to keep the entire enclosure at desired temperatures for optimum electronics operation. The operating environment of these air conditioners can be aggressive and may present harsh elements, such as chloride and sulfur compounds in coastal areas, sulfur oxides and nitrogen oxides in industrial polluted areas, as well as airborne particles, cutting oils and solvents on factory floors. Air conditioners are typically packaged units, with air-to-refrigerant condensers and evaporators. These heat exchangers are often constructed with copper coils and aluminum fins, allowing refrigerant to flow within the tubes while air flows through the fins. Heat exchangers are susceptible to hostile environments and, over time, contaminants can corrode the heat exchangers or particles can accumulate within them. This causes the heat exchanger performance to degrade, leading to capacity loss, high head pressure and, eventually, compressor failure. To minimize heat exchanger corrosion and dust accumulation, coatings can be used to protect metal parts from harsh industrial environments. This white paper will discuss the different types of corrosions present, common coils used in air conditioners and salt spray and dust loading testing results, which indicate the effect of coatings on air conditioner performance and efficiency. 2. Type of Corrosions Corrosion, by definition, is the destruction of material, usually metal or alloy, by chemical reaction with its environment. Air conditioners can be exposed to various corrosive environments, leading to decay of the condensers and evaporators, causing premature system performance loss and eventual system failure. There are many types of corrosions, however, the most common types of corrosion within air conditioners are galvanic corrosion and general corrosion. Formicary corrosion also affects copper. 2.1 Galvanic Corrosion Galvanic corrosion occurs naturally when dissimilar metals are in contact in the presence of an electrolyte, e.g., moisture. In galvanic corrosion, the more active metal corrodes at a higher rate due to ion migration. In copper tube-aluminum fin heat exchangers (condensers and evaporators), galvanic corrosion starts at fin collars where the aluminum fins and copper tubes are in contact. As the aluminum fins corrode, the thermal resistance of the heat exchanger 1 cooling technology white paper
2 increases, resulting in capacity loss and high head pressure. One way of preventing galvanic corrosion of coils is to eliminate the galvanic couple, for example, all-aluminum or all-copper coils. Another more common way of preventing galvanic corrosion is to isolate the two dissimilar metals from the electrolyte through the use of protective coatings, creating a barrier between the galvanic couple and the electrolyte. Without electrolyte at the interface of the dissimilar metallic couple, galvanic corrosion cannot occur. Yet another way of preventing galvanic corrosion is to insulate the electrical connection of the dissimilar metallic couple through a non-metallic coating. An example of this is pre-coated fin stock, which creates an insulation layer and removes the electrical contact between the dissimilar metallic couple. 2.2 General Corrosion General corrosion is the degradation of metal by reacting with its surrounding environment, such as oxidation. Environmental contaminants, such as sulfur and nitrogen-based electrolytes combined with chloride often accelerate corrosion of copper coils, causing leaks and failure of refrigeration systems. General corrosion also requires the presence of moisture to maintain the corrosion process. 2.3 Formicary Corrosion Formicary corrosion commonly occurs within copper tubes, through condensation attracting airborne contaminants. Tiny pinholes on the surface form networks of interconnecting tunnels through the coil wall, resulting in refrigerant leaks. The contaminants that cause formicary corrosion are organic acids, most commonly formic and acetic acids. There are three conditions required for formicary corrosion to occur: the presence of oxygen, the presence of organic acid and the presence of moisture. Due to these requirements, formicary corrosion mostly occurs to evaporators, which are wet due to condensate generated from air dehumidification. 3. Type of Coils In addition to understanding the various forms of corrosion that can occur in air conditioners, it is also important to know the different types of coils on which corrosion forms. Discussing commonly used coils that are seen in air conditioners, in addition to their pros and cons, this section serves as a guideline for designers, marketing and sales to select the most appropriate products for different applications. 3.1 Uncoated Coils The most common condensers and evaporators coils have uncoated copper tubes mechanically bonded to aluminum fins. Because the coils and fins are in direct contact, the coils can achieve high thermal efficiency provided there is no corrosion. When galvanic corrosion occurs, the tube and fin mechanical bonding deteriorates, resulting in increased thermal resistance and decreased coil thermal efficiency. 3.2 All-Aluminum Coils All-aluminum coils share a common metallic couple, which eliminates the potential for galvanic corrosion. Since the piping in air conditioners is mostly copper, caution should be taken to protect the joints where all-aluminum coils join the rest of the system. These coils also prevent formicary corrosion when used as an evaporator. 3.3 Pre-Coated Aluminum Fin Coils Pre-coated coils have pre-coated fins and uncoated tubes. The fin stock is coated with baked-on coatings prior to fin stamping process. When assembled into coils, the thin layer of non-metallic coating provides insulation between the two dissimilar metals of the coil (copper and aluminum) to disrupt the electrical connection between them, minimizing galvanic corrosion. Pre-coated coils offer improved corrosion protection compared to uncoated copper tube aluminum fin coils, and they can be an economical alternative to e-coated coil for mildly corrosive environments. 3.4 E-Coated Coil E-coat, also known as electrocoat, is an effective surface coating that provides superior corrosion resistance to the metal surface of industrial parts. It is a painting process that, instead of dipping, deposits the paint or lacquer coating onto the parts using electrical current. This process is also known as electrodeposition, and can be divided into 4 distinct zones: 1. Pretreatment 2. Electrocoat (e-coat) bath 3. Post rinse 4. Bake oven Pretreatment Prior to the e-coat bath, the coils are cleaned with alkaline cleaners, removing dirt and oils from parts manufacturing processes. Then, iron or zinc phosphate pretreatments are used to provide durable adhesion between the e-coat and the substrate (copper tube and aluminum fin), to prevent the coating from peeling off. Pretreatments also add another layer of corrosion protection should there be any pinholes in the e-coat. The part is then rinsed with deionized water before going into the e-coat tank. Pretreatment is a critical step in the e-coating process, as it ensures reliable bonding of the metal and coating later in the process. E-coat bath The e-coat bath is a mixture of percent deionized water and percent paint solids. The deionized water acts as the carrier for paint solids, which consist of resins, pigment and small amounts of solvents. The resin is the main material for the final paint film, which provides the corrosion protection. Pigments provide color, gloss and corrosion protection as well, while solvents help ensure the deposited film has a smooth appearance. Because the resin is an electrical insulator, the paint deposition process is self-limiting and slows down as the part becomes electrically insulated by the applied coating. By regulating the applied voltage, paint can be applied to a part at a controlled film thickness. During the e-coat process, paint solids deposit initially in the areas closest to the counter electrode and, as these areas become insulated to current, solids are forced into more recessed, bare metal areas to provide complete coverage. This unique phenomenon is particularly important for tiny cavities where fin and tube joints, high fin densities and enhanced fins such as lanced fins are present, as it allows the coating to penetrate into all coil cavities and cover the entire coil assembly, including the fin edges and fin lances without bridging. Post rinse To improve part aesthetics and maintain e-coat process efficiency, the part must be rinsed upon exiting the e-coat bath to remove excess paint solids not deposited electrically but cling to the part. The rinsed off excess paint solids are returned to the bath for high-coating application efficiency. 2 cooling technology white paper
3 Bake oven After the post rinse, the coated parts enter the bake oven. The bake oven crosslinks and cures paint resin film, resulting in a high quality finish without runs, drips and sags. For most e-coat, the bake temperature is 375 degrees Fahrenheit, however, there are low temperature cure e-coat materials, which allow parts to be coated containing seals, bushings and bearings, etc. Compared to other surface coating methods, the benefits of E-coated coil include: 1. Total coverage of complex parts with smooth, consistent and flexible coating that penetrate deep into all coil cavities, including fin-tube joints, fin edges and other internal recessed areas. 2. Can be applied to enhanced fins, such as lanced fins or high-fin density coils, without bridging the lances and fins. 3. Thin and uniform film thicknesses allow bent fins to be straightened without cracking or delaminating the coating. 4. Minimal increase in thermal resistance compared to uncoated coil because of the thin film thickness and uniformity. The e-coating process completely isolates the coil from the contaminated environment by creating a thin, extremely durable and flexible film that covers the entire copper tube aluminum fin coil surface, including cavities and recesses areas. For example, in areas where the fin collar and the expanded copper tubes are in contact, the coil is isolated against any contaminants, providing superior corrosion protection against the most severe environments. 3.5 Salt Spray Test Results The above coatings provide various effects on heat exchanger corrosion in harsh environments. This section will discuss and illustrate these results through scientific testing procedures. A 30 day accelerated corrosion test (ASTM-B salt spray test) was completed on coil samples with different types of coatings: 8 FPI uncoated, 12 FPI blue hydrophilic pre-coated and 12 FPI e-coated samples. The samples were cut from full coils and the first exposed fin layer on the samples were removed to avoid any scratches on the fins due to cutting. All coils came from the same supplier. Figure 1 shows a picture of test setup. All samples were placed in the same salt fog chamber so they were subject to the same conditions. Figure 2 shows the pictures of samples at 0, 14 and 30 days into the test. Test results indicated e-coated coil performed significantly better than other coatings. At 14 days into the test, pitting corrosion was found on both the uncoated Figure 1. Test Setup Day 0 Day 14 Day 30 Uncoated Blue Hydrophilic Coating E-Coating Figure 2. Salt Spray Test Samples and Results and the blue hydrophilic-coated coils. At the end of test (30 days), no pitting was found on the e-coated sample. However, the other samples were completely corroded through in various places. The e-coated sample had some red rust on its sheet metal brackets, while the uncoated and blue hydrophiliccoated coils had the most. 3 cooling technology white paper
4 Table 1. Dust Accumulation Test Matrix Test # FPI Coating Screen 8 12 Wash Options Un-Coated E-coatings Hydrophilic Coatings Yes No Factory washed Un-washed Hose washed Fin Pattern Fin Pattern 1 New Ripple 2 New Ripple 3 New Ripple 4 New Ripple 5 New Ripple 6 New Ripple 7 New Ripple 8 New Ripple 9 HiF 10 New Ripple 11 New Ripple 12 New Ripple 13 New Ripple 14 New Ripple 15 New Ripple Figure 3. Dust Accumulation Test Setup 4. Dust Accumulation In addition to corroded fins, a clogged condenser can also cause capacity loss and high head pressure. In an air conditioner, the function of a condenser is to reject the heat absorbed from the evaporator and the energy used by the compressor (here, the compressor heat dissipation is ignored). For common tube and fin condensers, extended fins are necessary for a condenser to reject the heat. Unfortunately, the fins also provide more surfaces for dust, particles and fibers to accumulate. For a condenser, the amount of heat it can reject can be found by the following equation: Q = A T lm R Q is the amount of heat rejected; R is the overall thermal resistance between air and refrigerant. R is a function of refrigerant flow rate as well as air flow rate. In general, increasing the flow rates would reduce the thermal resistance. A is the total surface area to transfer the heat from the refrigerant to the air. A is the total fin and tube surface areas exposed to the air. T lm is a logarithmic average temperature difference between air and refrigerant. A clogged condenser can significantly reduce air flow, which increases the overall thermal resistance. From equation (1), to reject the same amount of heat, ΔT lm must increase, resulting in higher condensing temperature/ pressure. In reality, the system would balance at lower Q and higher ΔT lm. Therefore, the compressor must work at higher head pressure, leading to higher power consumption, lower system efficiency and lower cooling capacity. 4.1 Dust Loading Test Results A dust loading test was performed on various coils to determine the effect of coil fin density, fin pattern, coating and surface cleanliness on dust accumulation. Table 1 shows the test matrix. During the test, the coil was installed in a duct transition and sealed in place with a top gasket. Figure 3 shows pictures of the test setup. ASHRAE standard 52.2 test dust was used, which consists of 72 percent SAE Standard J726 test dust (fine), 23 percent powdered carbon and 5 percent milled cotton linters. Airflow was set at 650cfm for all tests. The coil was grounded for all tests to eliminate static electricity. Dust was loaded in 20g increments, up to 100g. After each incremental dust loading, the coil (and filter as necessary) was removed and weighed. The results are shown in Figure 4. It should be noted that all results shown in Figure 4 are without the use of insect screen. 4.2 Effect of Fin Density Here, fin density is defined as the number of fins per inch. Figure 4 shows that, as expected, higher fin density collects more dust. As fin density increased from 8 FPI (fin spacing ~ 3mm) to 12 FPI (fin spacing ~ 2mm), dust accumulation also increases. However, to reduce dust accumulation, one cannot solely rely on reducing fin density because the amount of heat the condenser can reject is proportional to its surface area (equation 1). The loss of surface area cannot be fully compensated by reducing overall thermal resistance. For example, from 12 FPI to 8 FPI, the heat transfer surface area reduces by more than 30 percent. It is very difficult to compensate this loss through reduction in the overall thermal resistance, which includes refrigerant side thermal resistance, air side thermal resistance and tube thermal resistance. Depending on the coil design, air side thermal resistance is typically percent of the total thermal resistance. If the condenser air flow is increased by 50 percent, the reductions in air side thermal resistance and overall thermal resistance may be estimated to be of the order of 20 percent and 14 percent, respectively. Therefore, compared to a system using a 12 FPI condenser, a system using an 8 FPI condenser would run at a higher discharge pressure and lower capacity. Or, a larger 8 FPI condenser must be used to obtain equivalent system performance. Additionally, increased air flow also increases fan power consumption. As a general rule of thumb, power consumption increases as a cubic power of flow rate increase. Higher fin density coil with appropriate surface coating can achieve low dust accumulation while maintaining high system performance. 4 cooling technology white paper
5 Dust on coil (g) 50 8FPI uncoated 8FPI ecoated 45 8FPI hydrophilic coating unwashed 8FPI hydrophilic coating hose washed 40 8FPI hydrophilic coating factory washed 12FPI uncoated 35 12FPI ecoated 12FPI hydrophilic coating unwashed 30 12FPI hydrophilic coating hose washed 12FPI hydrophilic coating factory washed Total dust loaded (g) Figure 4. Effect of Fin Density, Coatings and Coil Cleanness on Dust Accumulation Dust on coil (g) Ripple Sine Wave Total dust loaded (g) Figure 5. Effect of Fin Pattern on Dust Accumulation 4.3 Effect of Coating Surface coating has a significant effect on dust accumulation, as it is shown in Figure 4 that e-coated coils have substantially less dust accumulation compared to uncoated coils. Furthermore, 12 FPI e-coated coil accumulated less dust than 8 FPI uncoated coil due to the E-coated coils smoother fin surface, including sharp corners and edges. Additionally, e-coated coils are oil free after the e-coating process, which means dust and fibers are less likely to stick onto it. Therefore, e-coated coils are suitable for condenser applications where airborne contaminants are present, while allowing higher fin density to achieve increased system performance. Caution must be taken when considering e-coated coils for evaporator applications due to condensate blow-off. During the AC operation, it is important to drain the condensate from the evaporator. Poor condensate drainage may cause condensate blow-off, which may lead to possible failure of electric and electronic components inside the cabinets. Condensate blow-off is a function of air stream velocity across the coil, fin spacing, fin pattern and surface wettability. E-coating reduces the surface wettability due to its hydrophobic nature, therefore potentially causing condensate blow-off at a much lower velocity. The hydrophilic coated coil was constructed with pre-coated fins and it collected more dust compared to the uncoated coil. This may be because the surface of hydrophilic coating is not as smooth in order to increase the surface wettability (hydrophilic), making the dust likely to cling to the surface. Also, the fins are pre-coated with manufacturing oil/lubricant residual on the surface, which also helps collect dust. Both hydrophilic coated coil and uncoated coil are suitable for applications with clean air. When used in evaporator applications, the condensate aids in washing off the manufacturing oil/lubricant residual, making the surface fully wet. 4.4 Effect of Oil/Lubricant Residual Dusts (particles, fibers) in the surrounding environment tend to cling to uncoated and pre-coated coils. Uncoated coils and pre-coated coils may have oils/lubricant residual on fin surface from manufacturing process, e.g., stamping and tube expansion. Using hot water to hose wash the coil reduces dust accumulation substantially. Further reduction in dust accumulation may be obtained by factory wash with appropriate solvent. Figure 4 shows the 12 FPI factory washed hydrophilic coil collected less dust than the 8 FPI uncoated coil, but more dust than the e-coated coil. 4.5 Effect of Fin Pattern Fin pattern also affects the dust accumulation. As shown in Figure 5, with the same fin density, wavy fins accumulate less dust compared to ripple (corrugated) fins. 5. Conclusions and Recommendations For the same fin and tube construction, uncoated copper tube aluminum fin coils provide high performance for non-corrosive environments. Application of this coil in harsh, corrosive environments is likely to deteriorate its performance due to corrosion. Pre-coated copper tube aluminum fin coils provide moderate corrosion protection and may be used in mildly corrosive environments. Uncoated and pre-coated coils are likely to accumulate more dust due to manufacturing oils and lubricants used in fabricating processes. With appropriate washing procedures to remove the oils and lubricants, dust accumulation reduced substantially. However, these coils still collect more dust compared to e-coated coil. E-coated coils provide superior corrosion protection of the coils. E-coating also substantially reduces the coil dust accumulation. These characteristics make e-coated coils the ideal choice for condensers working under harsh industrial environments. For worldwide locations, see pentairtechnicalproducts.com 2012 Pentair Technical Products WP A
If you have any questions, please feel free to contact me at (405) or via at
Marketing News M-183-2007 Date: August 7, 2007 To: All Branch Managers, Branch Sales and Service Managers, Distributor Principals, Distributor Sales and Service Managers, Regional Sales Managers and Regional
More informationWhich RO/DI Water Heater is Right For Your Application? By: Caitlin Carrier
Which RO/DI Water Heater is Right For Your Application? By: Caitlin Carrier Introduction: Deionized water, referred to as DI Water, has emerged as an indispensable component in process applications. From
More informationTESTS OF ADSIL COATING
TESTS OF ADSIL COATING Test B - Long Term Test FSEC-CR-1259-01 July 11, 2001 Prepared for: Bob Suggs Florida Power & Light Company 9250 W. Flagler Street Miami, Florida 33174 Principal Investigator Dr.
More informationBARD Cabinet Finishes and Corrosion Coating Options
BARD Cabinet Finishes and Corrosion Coating Options Bard understands that corrosive environments require special cabinet finishes or component coatings to withstand harsh or corrosive outdoor conditions.
More information1.01 General requirements of the Project Manual shall apply to all work specified in this section.
Adsil MicroGuard Advanced Siloxane Technology HVAC/R - PROTECTIVE TREATMENT SYSTEM SPECIFICATION DOCUMENT NUMBER AD1185-02 SECTION 09800 - SPECIAL PROTECTIVE TREATMENT PART 1, GENERAL 1.01 General requirements
More informationThermal Steel Care & Maintenance Guide
Thermal Steel Care & Maintenance Guide Introduction Arcadia Custom Thermal Steel products require regular and proper inspection, cleaning and maintenance before, during and after installation in order
More informationCOUNTER TOP REFRIGERATION MODEL SERIES HUBM-2RB/HUBM-2FB/HUBM-3.5RB/HUBM-3.5FB HUBM-2R/HUBM-2F/HUBM-3.5R/HUBM-3.5F
HUBM-2R HUBM-2F HUBM-3.5R HUBM-3.5F HUBM-2RB HUBM-2FB HUBM-3.5RB HUBM-3.5FB Please read this manual completely before attempting to install or operate this equipment. Notify carrier of damage! Inspect
More informationWHITE PAPER The Importance of Rinsing in Metal Finishing Operations
WHITE PAPER The Importance of Rinsing in Metal Finishing Operations By Steve Rudy, CEF & Sales/Technical Representative The focus or driving force of rinsing is to eliminate contaminants from the surface.
More informationFlanged Immersion Heaters
Flanged Immersion Heaters Are designed for use in tanks and pressurized vessels to heat both liquids and gases. They mate to a companion flange that is either welded to a tank wall or, for circulating
More informationFlanged Immersion Heaters
Flanged Immersion Heaters Are designed for use in tanks and pressurized vessels to heat both liquids and gases. They mate to a companion flange that is either welded to a tank wall or, for circulating
More informationHigh Wall Split Systems Cool Only 9K - 12K - 18K - 24K. Auto. Auto. Fan Speed. Smart LCD Wireless Control. Auto Mode.
HFC4 1 0 A 0-40V ~, 0Hz 1Ph High Wall Split Systems Cool Only 9K - 1K - 18K - 4K R-410A IAQ $ Auto Auto Fan Speed Timer s Easy Flexible Installation Smart LCD Wireless Control Auto Mode Auto Restart Easy
More informationFlanged Immersion Heaters
Flanged Immersion Heaters Are designed for use in tanks and pressurized vessels to heat both liquids and gases. They mate to a companion flange that is either welded to a tank wall or, for circulating
More informationDaikin Water Cooling, Heating, and High Capacity Booster Coils
Installation and Maintenance Manual IM 900 Daikin Water Cooling, Heating, and High Capacity Booster Coils Group: Applied Air Part Number: IM 900 Date: February 2008 Types HI-F5, E-F5 2008 Daikin International
More informationPretreatment Processes for the Aluminum Extrusion Industry. Harry Adams - BCI Surface Technologies Bruce Chambeau Republic Chemical Co., Inc.
Pretreatment Processes for the Aluminum Extrusion Industry Harry Adams - BCI Surface Technologies Bruce Chambeau Republic Chemical Co., Inc. Purpose of Pretreatment Process Clean/etch, condition and treat
More informationV ~, 50Hz 1Ph. High Wall Split Systems Heat Pump 9K - 12K - 18K - 24K - 28K. Auto. Auto Fan Speed. Auto. Smart LCD Wireless Control.
HFC4 1 0 A 0-40V ~, 0Hz 1Ph High Wall Split Systems Heat Pump 9K - 1K - 18K - 4K - 8K R-410A Compressor Super Quiet AMS Anti-dust Filters Auto Fan Speed Timer Functions Defrost Protection Smart LCD Wireless
More informationPANCRETE PAN IN A CAN
PANCRETE PAN IN A CAN Lakeshore Environmental Contractors, LLC 5513 Eastcliff Industrial Loop Birmingham, AL 35210-5418 Office 205-943-5711 Fax 205-943-8317 Web www.lecbiz.com STANDING WATER After a few
More informationAluventa Design Guideline
Aluventa Design Guideline High performance ALUMINIUM CONDENSERS Design guidelines Version : 003 Date : 01-10-2012 Technology Refrigerant flow Connections Joining Mounting Corrosion Coating Customize design
More informationSandwich/Salad Table Under-counter Refrigerator Worktop Refrigerator
Sandwich/Salad Table Under-counter Refrigerator Worktop Refrigerator Service, Installation and Care Manual Please read this manual completely before attempting to install or operate this equipment. Notify
More informationA. Section includes Factory Packaged, Modular units, providing cooling and heating for air distribution systems.
15855 AIR HANDLING UNITS SPECIFIER: CSI MasterFormat 2004 number: 237313 PART 1 GENERAL 1.1 SUMMARY A. Section includes Factory Packaged, Modular units, providing cooling and heating for air distribution
More informationDRAFT. Electroplating Tip Sheet Drag-Out Reduction. Background
Electroplating Tip Sheet Drag-Out Reduction Electroplating Tip Sheet Series 1. Good Operating Practices 2. Drag-Out Reduction 3. Rinse Water Reduction 4. Recovery and Recycling of Bath Chemicals Background
More informationHi - Wall Split Systems. Super Quiet. Auto. Mode. Wireless Control. Smart Airflow ECO ECO. Function SLEEP. Vertical Auto Swing.
R407C 220-240V ~, 50Hz Hi - Wall Split Systems Technology Tropical Compressor Super Quiet Auto Mode Auto Restart Easy Flexible Installation IAQ Anti-dust Filters AMS AMS Wireless Control Independent Dehumidification
More informationChef Base Refrigerators
Chef Base Refrigerators Service, Installation and Care Manual Please read this manual completely before attempting to install or operate this equipment. Notify carrier of damage! Inspect all components
More informationHot-dip galvanising lines use cold rolled steel strip
Strip cleaning technology Hot dip galvanising lines require the base strip to be ultra clean to ensure the coatings adhere properly and perform well in service. Conventional high efficiency SMS DEMAG strip
More informationSocket Heat Fusion Techniques. A Guide for Instruction and Training in Vanguard Socket Heat Fusion
Socket Heat Fusion Techniques A Guide for Instruction and Training in Vanguard Socket Heat Fusion TABLE OF CONTENTS This brochure has been developed to assist those responsible for socket fusion joining
More informationSolid Door Top Mount Reach-In Freezer
Solid Door Top Mount Reach-In Freezer Service, Installation and Care Manual Please read this manual completely before attempting to install or operate this equipment. Notify carrier of damage! Inspect
More informationCirculation Heaters. To order, call or shop online at omega.com SM. CHF Series
CHF Series Self-contained heating units designed for optimum operating efficiency and performance Providing trouble-free service and application flexibility! All of the heat generated by the elements is
More informationCirculation Heaters. To order, call or shop online at omega.com SM. CHF Series
CHF Series Self-contained heating units designed for optimum operating efficiency and performance Providing trouble-free service and application flexibility! All of the heat generated by the elements is
More informationHi - Wall Split Systems 12K - 18K - 24K
R22 220-240V ~ 50Hz 1Ph Hi - Wall Split Systems 12K - 18K - 24K Technology Tropical Compressor Super Quiet Auto Auto Fan Speed Auto Restart Function Self diagnostic function Active Carbon Electrostatic
More informationOwner s Manual: Care and Maintenance Instructions
Owner s Manual: Care and Maintenance Instructions (rev. 12.20.2011) Congratulations on your purchase of a Pacific Architectural Millwork wood product! With proper care and operation, your window or door
More informationDFE T ECHNOLOGY. At Conceptronic, the design and management process for reflow soldering systems is called Dynamic Flow Engineering, or DFE.
DFE T ECHNOLOGY As components become smaller, component mixes become more diverse, and board densities continue to increase, the processes of packaging, interconnection, and assembly are challenging the
More informationINSTALLATION INSTRUCTIONS
,t_2007 Lennox Industries Inc. Dallas, Texas, USA INSTALLATION INSTRUCTIONS CH33 Series Units EVAPORATOR 505,264M (65484504) 10/07 Supersedes 09/06 COILS n _putech blications ical Litho U.S.A. RETAIN THESE
More informationCirculation Heaters. To order, call or shop online at omega.com SM. CHF Series
CHF Series Self-contained heating units designed for optimum operating efficiency and performance Providing trouble-free service and application flexibility! All of the heat generated by the elements is
More informationCirculation Heaters. To order, call or shop online at omega.com SM. CHF Series
CHF Series Self-contained heating units designed for optimum operating efficiency and performance Providing trouble-free service and application flexibility! All of the heat generated by the elements is
More informationCirculation Heaters. To order, call or shop online at omega.com SM. CHF Series
CHF Series Self-contained heating units designed for optimum operating efficiency and performance Providing trouble-free service and application flexibility! All of the heat generated by the elements is
More informationAIR HANDLING UNITS Vibration Isolation Air Filtration Equipment Ductwork.
SECTION 15855 AIR HANDLING UNITS PART 1 GENERAL 1.01 SUMMARY A. Related Sections: 1. 15240 - Vibration Isolation. 2. 15885 - Air Filtration Equipment. 3. 15890 - Ductwork. 1.02 REFERENCES A. Air Moving
More informationGlass Door Merchandiser Refrigerator and Freezer
Glass Door Merchandiser Refrigerator and Freezer (Swing and Sliding Door ) Service, Installation and Care Manual Please read this manual completely before attempting to install or operate this equipment.
More informationCirculation Heaters. To order, call or shop online at omega.com SM. CHF Series
CHF Series Self-contained heating units designed for optimum operating efficiency and performance Providing trouble-free service and application flexibility! All of the heat generated by the is immediately
More informationHAVABLACK S2G BLACK OXIDE SALTS FOR IRON & STEEL
BLACK OXIDE SALTS FOR IRON & STEEL produces a jet black ferro-ferric oxide (Fe304) film on ferrous alloys that when coated with oil, lacquer or waxes, provides moderate corrosion protection to 20% salt
More informationPRODUCTION SEQUENCES OF PAINT SHOP
SPRAY PAINTING PLANT A chemically resistant, mechanically durable, pleasant in appearance and finish painting is sought for by all quality seekers. Design constraints of product, customer preferences,
More informationStrategies in Optimizing Condensate Return
Strategies in Optimizing Condensate Return By D. Bloom, Sr. Consultant, Ondeo Nalco Company, Naperville, IL Optimizing condensate return for reuse as boiler feedwater is often a viable means of reducing
More informationINSTALLATION AND OPERATIONS MANUAL
email: info@uapc.com Main Office: Telephone: 757-461-0077 1140 Kingwood Ave, Norfolk, Virginia 23502 Telefax: 757-461-0808 Branch Offices: Telephone: 704-374-0600 4715 Stockholm Court, Charlotte, NC 28273
More informationInstructions for Coating Fimbel Garage Door Panels
www.aqua-diy.com Instructions for Coating Fimbel Garage Door Panels Aqua DIY D100 is a high performance heat reflective water-based coating. It has been shipped to you with a thickness suitable for manual
More informationAdvance Release September 2009
Vertical Air Cooled DSV Series R 410A Model DSV096 DSV120 DSV144 DSV180 Nominal Cooling (Tons) 8 10 12 15 Refrigerant R 410A R 410A R 410A R 410A Cooling Performance Gross Cooling Capacity(Btu/h) 95,000*
More informationTubular Industrial Process
are designed for use in tanks and pressurized vessels to heat both liquids and gases. They mate to a companion flange that is either welded to a tank wall or, for circulating type heaters, to a pipe. See
More informationPresenter: Malcolm McLaughlin Date: 04/04/2019. A Review of Medical Device and Optical Critical Cleaning
Presenter: Malcolm McLaughlin Date: 04/04/2019 A Review of Medical Device and Optical Critical Cleaning Introduction Malcolm McLaughlin VP, Product & Business Development 30+ years detergent formulation,
More informationINSTALLATION MANUAL UN-CASED A COILS UPFLOW FOR COOLING/HEAT PUMPS FLEX COILS FOR FIELD INSTALLED TXV MODELS: UC LIST OF SECTIONS LIST OF FIGURES
INSTALLATION MANUAL UN-CASED A COILS UPFLOW FOR COOLING/HEAT PUMPS FLEX COILS FOR FIELD INSTALLED TXV MODELS: UC ISO 9001 Certified Quality Management System SAFETY................................................
More informationCOASTGUARD HEAT PUMPS
COASTGUARD HEAT PUMPS Complete Comfort and Energy Savings, Plus Exceptional Service From Your Bryant Dealer Model 86BNC and ANC Home Comfort Components Up to 6.0 SEER SEER (Seasonal Energy Efficiency Ratio)
More informationCOASTGUARD AIR CONDITIONERS
COASTGUARD AIR CONDITIONERS Complete Comfort, Energy Savings, and Exceptional Service Provided by Your Bryant Dealer. Model CNC and 87BNC Home Comfort Components Up to 7.0 SEER Model 87BNC SEER (Seasonal
More information32 Tips to Consider Before Purchasing an Electrical Enclosure Air Conditioner TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION... 3 TECHNICAL FEATURES 4
TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION... 3 TECHNICAL FEATURES 4 ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS.. 6 SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS.. 8 MANUFACTURER CONSIDERATIONS.. 8 SELECTING AN ENCLOSURE AIR CONDITIONER.... 9 2 Although the selection
More informationAIR HANDLERS. Central Station (CS3) Roof Mounted (RT) (Modular AL Frame AHU)
AIR HANDLERS Central Station (CS3) (Modular AL Frame AHU) Roof Mounted (RT) CONTENTS 1. CS3 Modular Aluminium Frame AHU : Unit Types 2. Casing Structure 3. Blowers and Drives 4. Coils 5. Options and Accessory
More informationFULLY SELF-CONTAINED AIR CONDITIONING WITH INDUSTRIAL DURABILITY
C A P A C I T Y R U G G E D, I N D O O R/ R E A D Y T O T O T A L L O C A L M A T C H E D O U T D O O R D E S I G N I N S T A L L S U P P O R T E N V I R O N M E N T A L C O N T R O L Liebert Industrial
More informationAGC Sputter Coating Glass Processing Guidelines
TECHNICAL SERVICES DOCUMENT TSD-217 AGC Sputter Coating Glass Processing Guidelines Introduction Comfort Select and Energy Select are Low-Emissivity glasses manufactured by AGC Glass Company North America.
More informationDSV Model Air Cooled Self Contained Indoor Packaged Units 3-5 Tons Preliminary Application Data
DSV Model Air Cooled Self Contained Indoor Packaged Units 3-5 Tons Preliminary Application Data July 28, 2008 Page 1 1 of 3 PROJECT: TAG: Gross Cooling Capacity [Btuh]: 37,800* Design CFM: 1,200 Seasonal
More informationThe Design Flaw in HVAC
The Design Flaw in HVAC www.powertronglobal.com The Design Flaw in HVAC You may know that HVAC accounts for up to 70% of a total power bill for any building. What you may not know is there is a design
More informationINSTALLATION INSTRUCTIONS TXV Horizontal Duct Coils EHD
TXV Horizontal Duct s EHD These instructions must be read and understood completely before attempting installation. It is important that the Blower and Duct System be properly sized to allow the system
More information3.5 Cryosurface & Cryogenic Feed-through Specification
3.5 Cryosurface & Cryogenic Feed-through Specification The tubing, cryosurfaces, and feed-through must be free of oil and moisture before connecting it to the refrigeration unit. Failure to comply with
More informationUNIVERSITY OF ROCHESTER DESIGN STANDARDS NOVEMBER 1, 2013
SECTION 15800 - AIR HANDLING EQUIPMENT 1.1 GENERAL A. All air handlers installed shall conform to the University of Rochester specification Guideline for Semi-Custom and Pre-Engineered Air Handling Units.
More informationApplication Data Sheet
Application Data Sheet Chemical Cleaning after Thinning, Backside Grinding, Lapping, or Polishing of Silicon or Gallium Nitride Substrates Wafer cleaning after thinning, backside grinding, polishing, or
More informationKOCH Curtain Coaters
KOCH Curtain Coaters George Koch Sons has installed 700+ Curtain Coaters in the past 40 years. The two types of coaters can be classified into the following categories: 1. KOCH Pressure Head Curtain Coater:
More informationINSTALLATION INSTRUCTIONS TXV Horizontal Slab Coils WLSH
TXV Horizontal Slab Coils WLSH These instructions must be read and understood completely before attempting installation. It is important that the Blower and Duct System be properly sized to allow the system
More informationSafario Cooling Factory LLC
Safario Cooling Factory LLC Since 1999, Safario Cooling Factory LLC has been maintaining as a leading manufacturer of Commercial and Industrial HVAC coils, chilled water coils, chiller coils, steam coils,
More informationModification of Passivation Unit in Galvanizing Line
IOSR Journal of Engineering (IOSRJEN) ISSN (e): 2250-3021, ISSN (p): 2278-8719 PP 04-09 www.iosrjen.org S.P.Zadake 1, K.C.More 2 1 (Mechanical Engineering Department, D.Y.Patil School of Engineering Academy,
More informationVELFAC 860 BI-FOLD DOOR USER & MAINTENANCE GUIDE
VELFAC 860 BI-FOLD DOOR USER & MAINTENANCE GUIDE CONGRATULATIONS! We are delighted that you have decided to buy a high quality VELFAC 860 Bi-fold door. Quality not only stands for the latest technological
More informationPACKAGE AIR CONDITIONER
PACKAGE AIR CONDITIONER FORM NO. ATZ-206 TZAA- HIGH EFFICIENCY SERIES NOMINAL SIZE 10 TON [35.2 kw] 10 TON MODEL [35.2 kw] This product is shipped with a nitrogen holding charge that must be vented prior
More informationRetroAire Model Number: 9,000 to 36,000 Btuh (2.6 to 10.5 kw)
Indoor Single Package Vertical, Air-Cooled Heat Pump Unit RetroAire Model Number: Capacity Range: VPRH 9,000 to 36,000 Btuh (2.6 to 10.5 kw) Part 1 General 1.01 UNIT DESCRIPTION A. Indoor, single package
More informationConcealed Ducted Split Series R-407C MBH
Concealed Ducted Split Series R-407C 4-60 MBH Ducted Split with Hermetic Compressor Tropical 50 Hz For more technical information please visit Table of Contents INTRODUCTION NOMENCLATURE UNIT RATING SUMMARY
More informationNu-Brite Same popular Nu-Brite Powerful high foaming action lifts out dirt and grime while brightening coils Excellent & powerful cleaner that is espe
Aerosols Nu-Brite Same popular Nu-Brite Powerful high foaming action lifts out dirt and grime while brightening coils Excellent & powerful cleaner that is especially adapted for kitchen degreasing Outdoor
More informationBrown University Revised August 3, 2012 Facilities Design & Construction Standards SECTION AIR HANDLING UNITS
SECTION 23 70 00 AIR HANDLING UNITS PART 1. GENERAL 1.1 Section includes air-handling units to 15,000 cfm and accessories. 1.2 Related Sections 1 : A. Division 01 - Brown University Standard for Narragansett
More informationSECTION WATER-SOURCE UNITARY HEAT PUMPS
SECTION 23 81 46 WATER-SOURCE UNITARY HEAT PUMPS PART 1 - GENERAL 1.1 RELATED DOCUMENTS A. Drawings and general provisions of Contract, including General and Supplementary Conditions and Division 1 Specification
More informationDefinitions in Handbook
HORT325: Soils & Fertilizers Soil Composition Soil Texture/Structure & Water Capacity Soil ph & Nutrient Availability Fertilizers Soil Testing Definitions in Handbook Soil Structure Soil Porosity Pore
More informationCAT-SIUH-2000(3) SUPERSEDES CAT-SIUH-98(2) SARAVEL INDUSTRIAL UNIT HEATERS
CAT-SIUH-2000(3) SUPERSEDES CAT-SIUH-98(2) SARAVEL INDUSTRIAL UNIT HEATERS TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction...3 Selection & Application.....4 Selection Examples......5-6 Ratings......7-8 Correction Factors......9-10
More informationSECTION AIR HANDLING UNIT
SECTION 15800 - AIR HANDLING UNIT PART 1 - GENERAL 1.01 RELATED DOCUMENTS A. Basic Requirements: Provisions of Section 15010, BASIC MECHANICAL REQUIREMENTS, and Section 15030, ELECTRICAL REQUIREMENTS FOR
More informationT-Series Air Conditioner T53 Model
INSTRUCTION MANUAL T-Series Air Conditioner T53 Model Protecting Electronics. Exceeding Expectations. McLean Cooling Technology 11611 Business Park Blvd N Champlin, MN 55316 USA Tel 763-323-8200 Fax 763-576-3200
More informationINTRODUCTION. Special Applications of Package Air Conditioners. Instant Cooling Requirement in Wedding Ceremonies
Pakistan s Largest Manufacturers of Air-Conditioners PACKAGE TYPE UNIT FOR MOBILE APPLICATIONS Provides Turnkey Projects Conceptual Planning to Commissioning of HVACR Projects THE LARGEST MANUFACTURER
More informationAir Conditioner with Puron Refrigerant MODEL 126B
Air Conditioner with Puron Refrigerant MODEL 126B As an ENERGY STAR Partner, Bryant Heating & Cooling Systems has determined that this product meets the ENERGY STAR guidelines for energy efficiency. Preferred
More informationC D E F. Tubular Industrial Process Circulation Heaters. Circulation Heaters. View Product
Self-contained heating units designed for optimum operating efficiency and performance Providing trouble-free service and application flexibility! All of the heat generated by the elements is immediately
More informationTOCOS. Guidelines & Precautions. For Using Trimmer Potentiometers. Guidelines for Circuit Design. Guidelines for Production Processes
TOCOS Trimmer Potentiometers are designed and manufactured with emphasis on dependability and costeffectiveness. For reliable performance and general safety, follow these guidelines and precautions for
More informationCB18/CBS18 Bulletin # September 1994 Supersedes August 1986
ENGINEERING DATA CB18 SERIES UP-FLOW CBS18 SERIES HORIZONTAL 2 To 5 Ton (7 To 18 kw) Nominal Cooling Capacity 7200 To 102 400 Btuh (2.1 To 30.0 kw) Optional Electrical Heat ENGINEERING DATA COILS MATCHED
More informationINSTALLATION INSTRUCTIONS
2008 Lennox Industries Inc. Dallas, Texas, USA INSTALLATION INSTRUCTIONS CH33 Series Units EVAPORATOR COILS 505,264M (65484504) 05/08 Supersedes 10/07 Litho U.S.A. RETAIN THESE INSTRUCTIONS FOR FUTURE
More informationT-SERIES Air Conditioner. T50 Model INSTRUCTION MANUAL nvent Rev. F P/N
T-SERIES Air Conditioner T50 Model INSTRUCTION MANUAL Rev. F P/N 10-1008-203 TABLE OF CONTENTS Warranty and Return Policy...2 RECEIVING THE AIR CONDITIONER...3 HANDLING AND TESTING THE AIR CONDITIONER...3
More informationGreenheck Coils A Complete Line of Custom Coils to Meet Your Needs. 3/8, 1/2 and 5/8 inch OD Tubing
Greenheck Coils A Complete Line of Custom Coils to Meet Your Needs 3/8, 1/2 and 5/8 inch OD Tubing April 2012 Custom Coils Custom Coils Configured to Meet Your Needs Greenheck is proud to offer a complete
More informationInstallation, Operation and Maintenance Guide. Steam Coil Installation, Operation and Maintenance. steam coils
Installation, Operation and Maintenance Guide Steam Coil Installation, Operation and Maintenance Guidelines for the installation, operation and maintenance of the Heatcraft brand of steam heating coils
More information5CONSIDERATIONS WHEN SELECTING A DESICCANT BREATHER FOR YOUR EQUIPMENT
5CONSIDERATIONS WHEN SELECTING A DESICCANT BREATHER FOR YOUR EQUIPMENT ARE YOU CHANGING YOUR OIL TOO OFTEN OR HAVING MACHINE FAILURES? Most companies are now realizing that maintaining clean oil is one
More informationSECTION AIR-SOURCE UNITARY HEAT PUMPS
PART 1 - GENERAL 1.1 DESCRIPTION SECTION 23 81 43 AIR-SOURCE UNITARY HEAT PUMPS SPEC WRITER NOTES: 1. Delete between // // if not applicable to project. Also delete any other item or paragraph not applicable
More informationENCLOSURE COOLING. Glossary
ENCLOSURE COOLING Glossary Contents INTRODUCTION... 3 TYPES OF COOLING EQUIPMENT... 4 COOLING EQUIPMENT COMPONENTS... 5 ESSENTIAL COOLING S... 8 COOLING EQUIPMENT ACCESSORIES... 13 EQUIPMENT THAT NEEDS
More informationSECTION GYPSUM PLASTER
SECTION 09210 PART I - GENERAL 1.01 DESCRIPTION A. Scope: Work under this Section shall include all materials and installation for support of gypsum plaster used as a finish for partitions and ceilings
More informationMIN. CCT. QTY RLA LRA HP FLA AMPACITY /1/ /3/
1 of 3 Cooling Capacity [Btuh] 24,800 * Condensing Unit SEER: 13.0 ** Condensing Unit CFM: 1,600 Condenser Fan No./Type: 1/CENTRIFUGAL Diameter x Width [in]: 10x10 Drive: Adjustable Belt Motor HP: 0.5
More informationEngineering Specifications for HXV Closed Circuit Hybrid Cooling Tower
Engineering Specifications for HXV Closed Circuit Hybrid Cooling Tower 1.0 Closed Circuit Hybrid Cooling Tower 1.1 General: Furnish and install, as shown on the plans, factory-assembled closed circuit
More informationST-1 Surface Treatment
and Adhesion Promotion APPLICATION MANUAL TABLE OF CONTENTS About 1 Laboratory Testing Protocols 2 Manual Scrub Application - rinse 2 Manual Scrub Application - no rinse 3 High Pressure Spray Application
More informationGreenheck Coils. A Complete Line of Custom Coils to Meet Your Needs. 3/8, 1/2 and 5/8 inch OD Tubing
Greenheck Coils A Complete Line of Custom Coils to Meet Your Needs 3/8, 1/2 and 5/8 inch OD Tubing March 2010 Custom Coils Custom Coils Configured to Meet Your Needs Greenheck is proud to offer a complete
More information16.0. High-Efficiency Heat Pump Designed with Your Comfort in Mind. Performance Series Heat Pumps with Puron Refrigerant
Efficiency High-Efficiency Heat Pump Designed with Your Comfort in Mind Because heat pumps provide both heating and cooling, their efficiency is measured with two distinct ratings. While in the cooling
More informationINSTALLATION INSTRUCTIONS
INSTALLATION INSTRUCTIONS Series Units RETAIN THESE INSTRUCTIONS FOR FUTURE REFERENCE WARNING Improper installation, adjustment, alteration, service or maintenance can cause personal injury, loss of life,
More informationInfinity 19 Heat Pump with Puron Refrigerant
Infinity 19 Heat Pump with Puron Refrigerant Ultra High Efficiency Heat Pump with up to 19.0 SEER and 9.0 HSPF Comfort Carrier s exclusive ComfortHeat Heat Pump System features two stages, allowing the
More informationKOOLTRONIC ENCLOSURE AIR CONDITIONER QUICK SHEET
KOOLTRONIC ENCLOSURE AIR CONDITIONER QUICK SHEET TYPE 4 INDOOR OUTDOOR TYPE 4 480 VOLT INDOOR OUTDOOR TYPE 12, 3R AND 4 (4X OPTIONAL) SLIMKOOL Guardian/ GuardianX Series 4 Rating Maintained ( 4X Rating
More informationSECTION AIR COILS
PART 1 - GENERAL 1.1 DESCRIPTION SECTION 23 82 16 AIR COILS SPEC WRITER NOTE: Delete between //---// if not applicable to project. Also delete any other item or paragraph not applicable in the section
More informationSECTION SPLIT-SYSTEM AIR-CONDITIONERS
SECTION 238126 PART 1 - GENERAL 1.1 RELATED DOCUMENTS A. Drawings and general provisions of the Contract, including General and Supplementary Conditions and Division 01 Specification Sections, apply to
More informationSPECTRACOOL Air Conditioner. N21 Model INSTRUCTION MANUAL nvent Rev. G P/N
SPECTRACOOL Air Conditioner N21 Model INSTRUCTION MANUAL Rev. G P/N 89115088 TABLE OF CONTENTS WARRANTY AND RETURN POLICY...2 RECEIVING THE AIR CONDITIONER...3 HANDLING AND TESTING THE AIR CONDITIONER...3
More informationNominal Capacity 024 = 7 kw (2 tons) 036 = 10.5 kw (3 tons) 048 = 14 kw (4 tons) 060 = 17.5 kw (5 tons)
ENGINEERING DATA HEAT PUMP OUTDOOR UNITS HP40 50HZ Capacity 6.2 to 16.3 (21 200 to 55 500 Btuh) Heating Capacity 6.4 to 16.1 (21 800 to 55 500 Btuh) Bulletin No. 490088 October 2004 Supersedes August 1999
More informationAir Conditioner with Puron MODEL 186B
Air Conditioner with Puron MODEL 186B Refrigerant As an ENERGY STAR Partner, Bryant Heating & Cooling Systems has determined that this product meets the ENERGY STAR guidelines for energy efficiency. Prior
More informationAIR CONDITIONING. Carrier Corporation 2002 Cat. No
AIR CONDITIONING Carrier Corporation 2002 Cat. No. 020-016 1. This refresher course covers topics contained in the AIR CONDITIONING specialty section of the North American Technician Excellence (NATE)
More information