Waste Management Policy in Japan

Transcription

1 Waste Management Policy in Japan

2 Purpose of presentation Japan has adopted EPR in waste management policies. (EPR Extended Producer Responsibility) We d like to introduce to you EPR and Japanese laws based on it. We d like you to know EPR and its effects, and to think about them.

3 Before our presentation Although we presented about waste (EPR) before, we will present again for persons who has never participated in the past symposiums. Basically, the word Waste will be used as municipal waste (such as household appliances, containers, and packaging).

4 1, Background Why did Japan adopt EPR? Structure 2, Effects of EPR 3 examples of laws based on EPR 3, Impacts on China by EPR 4, Conclusion

5 Chapter 1 Background Why did Japan adopt EPR? Kaito Hosoyamada

6 hapter 1 1, Why did Japan adopt EPR? Because Recycling is necessary in Japan Why is recycling necessary in Japan? and EPR promotes recycling Why does EPR promote recycling?

7 million M Why is recycling necessary in Japan? Remaining capacity & years of landfills There are 2 reasons 200 Shortage of landfills Limited natural resources Decreasing in recent years Shortage is Capacity Years Reducing final disposal Only about 10 years is necessary very serious Source: Made from Ministry of Environment (2003) Environmental Statistics 0.0 ye ars

8 Why is recycling necessary in Japan? There are 2 reasons Shortage of landfills Limited natural resources Reducing final disposal is necessary

9 hapter 1 Why is recycling necessary in Japan? Natural resources are limited. Remaining years oil 43 years), copper (49 years), lead (22 years) Japan has little natural resources and has to import them a lot It is necessary to use them more effectively!

10 Recycling leads to them! Why is recycling necessary in Japan? There are 2 reasons Shortage of landfills Limited natural resources Reducing final disposal is necessary Using resources effectively is necessary

11 hapter 1 What is 3R It means Reduce, Reuse and Recycle Reducing 3R leads to Reusing Recycling the reduction of final disposal To reduce dumping by using products as long as possible To use used products again after repairing or cleaning the effective use of natural resources To utilize waste as resources and make new products from them

12 hapter 1 Reason(1) Shortage of landfills illion ton) Volume of Total Waste There are 3 figures

13 hapter 1 Reason(1) Shortage of landfills million M 30 3 Capacity of newly built landfills Source: Made from Ministry of Environment (2003) Environmental Statistics

14 Why does EPR promote recycling? (1) What is EPR? (2) How does EPR promote recycling? (3) Kinds of responsibilities

15 (1) What is EPR? EPR Extended Producer Responsibility To extend producers responsibility for their products to the post-consumption stage

16 hapter 1 (1) What is EPR? Case1: general case before EPR after EPR Production Consumption Recycling or Disposal Pre-consumption Post-consumption Producers responsibility Local government s Extended! Responsibility

17 hapter 1 (1) What is EPR? Case2: non-general case after EPR before EPR Production Pre-consumption Consumption Post-consumption Recycling or Disposal Producers responsibility Local government s Responsibility Extended!

18 hapter 1 (2) How does EPR promote recycling? Producers are responsible for recycling or disposal. hey have to bear recycling or disposal costs. Products may have a rise in price.

19 hapter 1 recycling Producers want to cut costs. disposal Producers begin producing easily-recycled products long-lived lived products More Recycling and Reduction!

20 hapter 1 To sum up Recycling is necessary in Japan and EPR promotes recycling Japan adopted EPR

21 hapter 1 (3) Kinds of responsibilities Physical responsibility Producers must collect and recycle their used products themselves. Financial responsibility Producers must finance systems to collect and recycle their used products.

22 hapter 1 ases How do producers bear the responsibilities? 1 : Physical and Financial responsibility e.g. Specific Household Appliances Recycling Law in Japan 2 : Only Financial responsibility e.g. Containers and Packaging Recycling Law in Japan The most efficient way 3 : The to other bear cases the responsibility depends e.g. ELV law on in Japan characteristics of products

23 hapter 1 Sammary of chapter 1 Please keep in mind 3 things 1. Japan needs to recycle waste, in order to reduce final disposal use resources effectively. 2. EPR promotes recycling. Japan adopted EPR 3. The most efficient form of responsibility depends on characteristics of products.

24 1, Background Why did Japan adopt EPR? Structure 2, Effects of EPR 3 examples of laws based on EPR 3, Impacts on China by EPR 4, Conclusion

25 Chapter 2 Effects of EPR 3 examples of laws based on EPR Home Appliance Recycling Law Containers and Packaging Recycling Law ELV recycling Law

26 Home Appliance Recycling Law This law obliges recycling of waste household appliances. Kenji Oshima

27 1. The relationship between Specific Household Appliances Recycling Law and EPR 2. Results of the last two years 3. Conclusion

28 Outline of the law The law has come into force in April 1 st, 2001 Targets TV, refrigerator, washing machine, air conditioner reduction of wastes efficient use of resources

29 before user Flow of waste appliances retailer treatment agency local government recycle treatment dispose after user retailer PRO producer manufacturer importer PRO recycle treatment local government Local government dispose

30 Responsibility (collection & recycling) was physically and financially transferred to private sector!

31 1. The relationship between Specific Household Appliances Recycling Law and EPR 2. Results of the last two years 3. Conclusion

32 Number of withdrawn Home Appliances (thousand appliances) Number of withdrawn Home Appliances (total) 8,549 10,150 Ministry of Environment

33 Recycle Rate Air Conditioner TV Refrigerator Washing Machine law 60% 55% 50% 50% % 73% 59% 56% % 75% 61% 60%

34 Illegal Dumping (comparing2001 and 2002) total AC TV Fridge WM number Ministry of Environment

35 1. The relationship between Specific Household Appliances Recycling Law and EPR 2. Results of the last two years 3. Conclusion

36 Conclusion The two purpose has achieved reduction of wastes efficient use of resources

37 Containers and Packaging Recycling Law Kentaro Nara

38 Out line 1.Back ground By the Law 2.Out The volume line of the of law recycled is increasing Flow chart Growth Partial of EPR the volume of waste is mitigated 3.Actual result in Japan The change from back ground situation EPR is effective in recycling

39 Background 55% of municipal waste in Japan consists of containers and packaging Ratio of volume 5.9% 8.5% 10.0% 55.5% 8.3% ratio of "Containers and packaging" in Waste 22.9% 44.5% expect containers and packaging Ratio of weight 2.6% 5.9% 4.3% containers for food 8.0% containers for beverage containers and for commodities paper packaging containers others 22.6% 77.4% 1.7%

40 Source: Japan PET Bottle Association 2001 Background volume of containers (PET bottles) UP!! LOW!

41 Flow chart money flow containers flow consumers producers Financial responsibility Partial EPR!! PRO Physical responsibility local government recyclers

42 Flow chart : Role consumers: separated discharge local government : separated collection physical responsibility producers : recycling financial responsibility

43 effect of EPR EPR is After effective in recycling Source: Japan PET Bottle Association 2001

44 production Present condition PET bottles GAP!! Plastic containers and packing GAP!!

45 Is EPR perfect? The volume of waste is still increasing WHY?? Producers are doing nothing? NO! redesigning for easy recycling, resource saving, etc) Local governments are NO! (collecting, transporting, etc) Consumers are??? (separating waste??)

46 Does it come from Partial EPR? consumers producers Defect!! PRO containers local producers government recyclers

47 EPR s defection EPR can t influence on Consumers! Waste separating is not enough!! It can be a big problem. It depends on the products property!

48 Complement measures Charge for garbage collection Consumers pay will buy some the money product when with a they few dump. package. Consumers will separate garbage strictly. Deposit Consumers are will returned cans some or bottles. money when they The bring rate of cans recycling or bottles will beback high. to the shop.

49 Actual result in Japan ~Moriyama city~ down Change of the volume of waste down up

50 Actual result in Japan ~Seki city~ Change of the volume of waste down down up

51 Conclusion EPR is not always perfect! Complement measures are necessary!! Some cases EPR needs Complement measures! We have to consider the product s property!

52 ELV Recycling Koji Hayashi

53 ELV (end of life vehicle)

54 Why is ELV recycling law necessary? No. The amount number of ELV ( end of life vehicle) is 4million per year In the past, ELV was recycled/deposited through market The car recycling system has gone bankrupt

55 What is ASR? ASR Automobile Shredder Residue Mainly contains iron scrap Constitute about 25% of ELV return

56 / t price of ASR is keeping down Price of scrapped iron Disposal cost

57 Why is ELV recycling law necessary? No.2 Final disposal cost up the price of down ASR lost its worth illegal dumping / Improper disposal recycling system had been out of control To decrease quantity of ASR is necessary

58 Why is ELV law necessary? ~Consideration of the environment~ Used in portion of Air-control Chlorofluorocarbon destroys ozone Treating it properly is necessary

59 Why is ELV law necessary? danger 3-3 Shredding Air-bags, it sometimes explode Treating it carefully is necessary BOMB!!

60 ELV law as EPR The role of Car producers Collect chlorofluorocarbon /air bag /ASR and recycling them To help decreasing disposal waste preventing illegal dumping protecting environment reducing danger in shredding air-bag Collect treatment fee from final user at the time of delivery

61 EPR <EPR> Responsibility a local government Private sector <ELV law> Nobody but market car manufacturers (Car manufacturers) ELV law is Partial EPR

62 1, Background Why did Japan adopt EPR? Structure 2, Effects of EPR 3 examples of laws based on EPR 3, Impacts on China by EPR 4, Conclusion

63 Chapter 3 Impacts on China by EPR

64 Introduction of EPR in Japan may cause The transfer of recycling factories from Japan to China

65 Why may the transfer happen by introducing EPR? China Japan Producing factory Producing factory Market Little demand Recycling factory Recycling factory

66 What will the transfer bring to China? Building recycling factories in China Transfer of technique for recycling to China his transfer may contribute to reducing final disposal using resources effectively

67 1, Background Why did Japan adopt EPR? Structure 2, Effects of EPR 3 examples of laws based on EPR 3, Impacts on China by EPR 4, Conclusion

68 Chapter 4 Conclusion

69 Conclusion Home Appliance Recycling Law Containers and Packaging Recycling Law ELV Law EPR is an effective policy to reduce waste and promote recycling!

70 Fin Thank you for listening!!