Sporlan Valve Division Parker Hannifan/CIC Group

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2 Sporlan Valve Division Parker Hannifan/CIC Group Matt McGrath, SW Regional Sales Manager Bob Dolan, Sales Engineer - Atlanta

3 Why Discuss TEVs Today? Expansion Valves are you re Future Important Component to Reaching 13 SEER Provide Better Performance over Entire Operating Range Protect Compressor from Flood back Better Performance with low/high charge

4 How TEVs Improve SEER! TEVs close when compressor is off!!!!! Isolates most of the Charge in Outdoor Unit Evaporator starts cooling air faster on start up However, TEVs Improve Efficiency

5 TEVs vs Cap Tube/Restrictors Fixed Restrictor Evaporator Superheat Flood TEV Provides Improved Efficiency TEV Capacity Rating Point TEV Protects Compressor Outdoor Temperature ºF

6 FIXED RESTRICTOR EEV ELECTRONIC EXPANSION VALVE TEV CAPILLARY TUBE EVAPORATOR CONDENSER AEV AUTOMATIC EXPANSION VALVE COMPRESSOR Copyright 2002 By Sporlan Valve Company, Washington, MO TEV-03 ( /04)

7 The Function of a Thermostatic Expansion Valve To keep coil as completely refrigerated as possible under all load conditions Copyright 2002 By Sporlan Valve Company, Washington, MO TEV-04 ( /04)

8 Temperature Control Suction Pressure Control Humidity Control Copyright 2004 By Sporlan Valve Company, Washington, MO TEV-05 ( /04)

9 Basis for Nominal TEV Capacities REFRIGERANT 134a A 410A Pressure drop across port - psi Evaporator temperature, F Liquid temperature entering TEV, F Copyright 2004 By Sporlan Valve Company, Washington, MO TEV-17 ( /04)

10 The Valve Responds to Input from the Bulb Feed Me More! EVAPORATOR Copyright 2004 By Sporlan Valve Company, Washington, MO TEV-18 ( /04)

11 Principal Parts of Any TEV Diaphragm Seat Capillary Tube Pushrods Bulb Pin Spring Guide Spring Adjusting Stem Copyright 2004 By Sporlan Valve Company, Washington, MO TEV-24 ( /04)

12 Three Factors Effecting Normal TEV Capacity PIN ANGLE (some are flat) STROKE PORT SIZE Copyright 2004 By Sporlan Valve Company, Washington, MO TEV-26 ( /04)

13 TEV Controlled Superheat EVAPORATOR 50 F AIR Bulb Evaporator Pressure COMPRESSOR Spring Pressure Copyright 2004 By Sporlan Valve Company, Washington, MO TEV-27 ( /04)

14 Three Fundamental Pressures Bulb Pressure = Evaporator Pressure + Spring Pressure Bulb Pressure Opening Force Closing Force 2 Evaporator Pressure 3 Spring Pressure Copyright 2004 By Sporlan Valve Company, Washington, MO TEV-74 ( /04)

15 Valve with INTERNAL Equalizer Valve with EXTERNAL Equalizer Internal Equalizer Push Rods Evaporator Outlet Pressure Close Tolerance Fit Push Rods External Equalizer Fitting Valve Outlet Pressure Copyright 2004 By Sporlan Valve Company, Washington, MO TEV-40 ( /04)

16 30 F Sat. 55 psig TEV Pressure Balance p 6 psi 49 psig 20 F Sat. 43 psig EVAPORATOR SPRING 12 psig REFRIGERANT EVAPORATING TEMPERATURE F COMPRESSOR PRESSURE DROP - psi 12, 134a A, 502, (Ammonia) Copyright 2004 By Sporlan Valve Company, Washington, MO TEV-41 ( /04)

17 Gas Charged and Type CP Air Conditioning Charged Element Liquid Completely Vaporized No Liquid In Bulb (Gas) Pressure (psig) (Liquid Present) Temperature Pressure Bulb Evaporator Pressure Temperature ( F) Copyright 2004 By Sporlan Valve Company, Washington, MO TEV-53 ( /04)

18 Type CP Air Conditioning and GA Charges FlowMaster Copyright 2004 By Sporlan Valve Company, Washington, MO TEV-65 ( /04)

19 Types CP Air Conditioning and GA Charges on Floodback The FlowMaster element 1. Can successfully reduce or even eliminate hunting 2. Provide steady performance Copyright 2004 By Sporlan Valve Company, Washington, MO TEV-66 ( /04)

20 Anti-Hunt Principle 1. Opens slowly - steady response 2. Closes quickly - prevents floodback Copyright 2004 By Sporlan Valve Company, Washington, MO TEV-67 ( /03)

21 2001 Sporlan/Trane TEV Field Returns Approx ppm Field Returns 24% % of items Returned 76% Non Manfacturing Causes All Manufacturing Defects

22 Break Down of Non Manufacturing Causes 40% 35% 30% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% No Failure Found Broken Cap- Tube Field Damaged Contamination

23 Breakdown of Manufacturing Defects 12% 10% 8% 6% 4% 2% 0% Charge Leak External Leak Incorrect Setting Incorrect Assembly

24 Sporlan & Trane Working Together to Reduce TEV Warranty Issues Field Training Eliminate Unnecessary Replacement Improved Cap Tube Processing In 2003 Sporlan Implemented Numerous Improvements to Prevent Tube from Breaking In 2006 TEVs will be Factory Installed Sporlan Leak Task Team Continuous Improvements to Reduce Leaks

25 Check Valve Operation Contains Internal Check Valve Provides Low P Reverse Flow for Heat Pump Systems Eliminates External Check Reduces Braze Joints Model: CBBIE

26 The liquid line joins various high side components, BUT its primary function... Copyright 2002 by Sporlan Valve Company, Washington, Missouri SS-06( )

27 supply vapor free liquid to the TEV inlet, despite pressure loss from 1 Flow friction Inlet 2 Vertical lift 3 Flow through accessories Copyright 2002 by Sporlan Valve Company, Washington, Missouri SS-07( )

28 Example: R-22 How much subcooling is needed? Vertical lift is 20 so pressure loss is about psi Pressure loss due to flow friction is about psi Pressure loss across accessories is about psi Total pressure drop psi Copyright 2002 by Sporlan Valve Company, Washington, Missouri SS-12( )

29 B A B Condensing pressure for R-22 is 220 psi and saturation temperature is F (220 psig) Because of losses, pressure at TEV inlet is 202 psi and saturation temperature is F (202 psig) C Subcooling required is A.. 6 F Copyright 2002 by Sporlan Valve Company, Washington, Missouri SS-13( )

30 TEV s primary job: supply the proper amount of refrigerant under all load conditions Copyright 2002 by Sporlan Valve Company, Washington, Missouri SS-18( )

31 Superheat 29 PRESSURE PSI 2 Actual temperature at bulb minus saturated temperature (corresponding to pressure at bulb) Copyright 2002 by Sporlan Valve Company, Washington, Missouri SS-21( )

32 R PRESSURE PSI PSI PRESSURE Actual temperature at bulb F 68.5 psig Saturated temperature corresponding to 68.5 psig F Operating superheat F Copyright 2002 by Sporlan Valve Company, Washington, Missouri SS-22( )

33 And it s easy to blame the valve Copyright 2002 by Sporlan Valve Company, Washington, Missouri SS-03( )

34 Bulb location is important Mount on a horizontal free draining section on the suction line at the evaporator outlet Important conditions are: 1 Thermal contact 2 Circumferential location Copyright 2002 by Sporlan Valve Company, Washington, Missouri SS-28( )

35 1 Thermal Contact Mount on straight, clean section parallel to suction line not on fitting not with tape Flow no! yes! Copyright 2002 by Sporlan Valve Company, Washington, Missouri SS-29( )

36 2 Circumferential Location On larger lines, position bulb at 4 o clock or 8 o clock Never mount at bottom Copyright 2002 by Sporlan Valve Company, Washington, Missouri SS-30( )

37 2 No need to disassemble, but... a b c d Direct flame away from body Avoid oversized torch tip Avoid excessive heat on diaphragm Keep flame away from bulb 3 Use dry nitrogen for a reducing atmosphere Copyright 2002 by Sporlan Valve Company, Washington, Missouri SS-44( )

38 Evacuate non-condensibles and water from the system using a well maintained vacuum pump Why not use the system s compressor? 1 Not designed as a vacuum pump 2 Not properly lubricated 3 Compressor oil may be contaminated 4 Compressor motor may overheat Copyright 2002 by Sporlan Valve Company, Washington, Missouri SS-47( )

39 4 Basic Scenarios 1 Feeds not enough 2 Feeds too much 3 Feeds not enough, then too much 4 Floodback only during start up Copyright 2002 by Sporlan Valve Company, Washington, Missouri SS-54( )

40 PRESSURE PRESSURE PSI PSI LOW HIGH Causes 1 Moisture, dirt, wax 2 Undersized valve 3 High superheat adjustment 4 Gas charge condensation 5 Dead thermostatic element 6 Wrong thermostatic charge 7 Evaporator pressure drop no external equalizer 8 External equalizer location Symptom See-Saw 9 Restricted or capped external equalizer 10 Low refrigerant charge 11 Liquid line vapor vertical lift, high friction loss, long or small line, plugged drier or strainer 12 Low pressure drop across valve same as no. 11 above, undersized distributor nozzle or circuits, low condensing pressure Feeds not enough Copyright 2002 by Sporlan Valve Company, Washington, Missouri SS-55( )

41 PRESSURE PSI HIGH LOW Causes Symptom See-Saw 1 Oversized valve 2 TEV seat leak 3 Low superheat adjustment 4 Bulb installation: poor thermal contact, warm location 5 Wrong thermostatic charge 6 Bad Compressor low capacity 7 Moisture, dirt, wax 8 Incorrectly located external equalizer Feeds too much Copyright 2002 by Sporlan Valve Company, Washington, Missouri SS-56( )

42 PRESSURE PRESSURE PSI PSI Causes LOW 1 Low load not enough air, dirty air filters, air too cold, coil icing 2 Poor air distribution 3 Poor refrigerant distribution Symptom See-Saw LOW 4 Improper compressor evaporator balance 5 Evaporator oil logged 6 Flow from one TEV affecting another s bulb Hunts feeds not enough, then too much Copyright 2002 by Sporlan Valve Company, Washington, Missouri SS-57( )

43 Hunting and Cycling System Single Compressor and Evaporator Multiple Evaporators with one compressor or compressors with capacity reduction Symptoms Variation in both suction pressure and superheat Superheat variation but only slight suction pressure change Feeds not enough, then too much Copyright 2002 by Sporlan Valve Company, Washington, Missouri SS-58( )

44 Causes 1 Oversized valve 2 TEV seat leak Flood-back only during start-up 7 Compressor in cold location 8 Suction line in cold location Floodback 3 Low superheat adjustment 4 Bulb installation: poor thermal contact, warm location 5 Compressor discharge valve leak 6 Solenoid valve seat leak 9 Evaporator draining freely to compressor 10 Interrupted pump down 11 Restricted or plugged external equalizer 12 Wrong thermostatic charge Copyright 2002 by Sporlan Valve Company, Washington, Missouri SS-59( )

45 Valve performance can never be restored or improved by physical force Disassembly might uncover the problem Copyright 2002 by Sporlan Valve Company, Washington, Missouri SS-72( )

46 Eliminate the problem Copyright 2002 by Sporlan Valve Company, Washington, Missouri SS-73( )

47 Additional Training Available Training will Reduce Warranty Costs Call on Sporlan to Assist with Deal & Contractor Training in Your Area

48 Thank You & Questions