Perimeter Security. Michael J. Arata, Jr. McGraw-Hill

Transcription

1

2 Perimeter Security Michael J. Arata, Jr. McGraw-Hill New York Chicago San Francisco Lisbon London Madrid Mexico City Milan New Delhi San Juan Seoul Singapore Sydney Toronto

3 Copyright 2006 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Manufactured in the United States of America. Except as permitted under the United States Copyright Act of 1976, no part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the publisher The material in this ebook also appears in the print version of this title: All trademarks are trademarks of their respective owners. Rather than put a trademark symbol after every occurrence of a trademarked name, we use names in an editorial fashion only, and to the benefit of the trademark owner, with no intention of infringement of the trademark. Where such designations appear in this book, they have been printed with initial caps. McGraw-Hill ebooks are available at special quantity discounts to use as premiums and sales promotions, or for use in corporate training programs. For more information, please contact George Hoare, Special Sales, at george_hoare@mcgraw-hill.com or (212) TERMS OF USE This is a copyrighted work and The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. ( McGraw-Hill ) and its licensors reserve all rights in and to the work. Use of this work is subject to these terms. Except as permitted under the Copyright Act of 1976 and the right to store and retrieve one copy of the work, you may not decompile, disassemble, reverse engineer, reproduce, modify, create derivative works based upon, transmit, distribute, disseminate, sell, publish or sublicense the work or any part of it without McGraw-Hill s prior consent. You may use the work for your own noncommercial and personal use; any other use of the work is strictly prohibited. Your right to use the work may be terminated if you fail to comply with these terms. THE WORK IS PROVIDED AS IS. McGRAW-HILL AND ITS LICENSORS MAKE NO GUARANTEES OR WARRANTIES AS TO THE ACCURACY, ADEQUACY OR COMPLETENESS OF OR RESULTS TO BE OBTAINED FROM USING THE WORK, INCLUDING ANY INFORMATION THAT CAN BE ACCESSED THROUGH THE WORK VIA HYPERLINK OR OTH- ERWISE, AND EXPRESSLY DISCLAIM ANY WARRANTY, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. McGraw-Hill and its licensors do not warrant or guarantee that the functions contained in the work will meet your requirements or that its operation will be uninterrupted or error free. Neither McGraw-Hill nor its licensors shall be liable to you or anyone else for any inaccuracy, error or omission, regardless of cause, in the work or for any damages resulting therefrom. McGraw-Hill has no responsibility for the content of any information accessed through the work. Under no circumstances shall McGraw-Hill and/or its licensors be liable for any indirect, incidental, special, punitive, consequential or similar damages that result from the use of or inability to use the work, even if any of them has been advised of the possibility of such damages. This limitation of liability shall apply to any claim or cause whatsoever whether such claim or cause arises in contract, tort or otherwise. DOI: /

4 Professional Want to learn more? We hope you enjoy this McGraw-Hill ebook! If you d like more information about this book, its author, or related books and websites, please click here.

5 DEDICATION ACKNOWLEDGMENT ABOUT THE AUTHOR This book is dedicated to my wife, Karla, for putting up with me during the writing of this book; and to my daughter, Kristen; and son, Jimmy, without whose patience and understanding of late nights and weekends spent writing and rewriting, this book would not have been possible. Thank you Victoria Roberts of Lone Wolf Enterprises for the excellent, expert job you did in editing and guidance; without it this project would not have been possible. Michael Arata has over 15 years of security experience that includes positions from manager to vice president and consultant. He has developed and managed successful security programs from the ground up for several large organizations including the Director of Corporate Security for a major West Coast construction company. He holds a master s degree in Public Administration, a B.A. in Business/Public Administration, and a B.S. in Safety and Fire Protection Technology. He has attended numerous seminars and training programs relating to security and holds CISSP, CPP, CFE and ACLM, professional certifications. He has spoken at various professional organization seminars on the subject of security and written articles about security for trade publications. He has guest lectured at the Oklahoma State University and the University of California, Berkeley on safety and security related subjects. He is an adjunct instructor of Criminal Justice at a local college. Copyright 2006 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Click here for terms of use.

6 For more information about this title, click here Contents CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION CHAPTER 2 THREAT ASSESSMENT AND RISK ANALYSIS BASICS How to Do a Threat Assessment Identify the Risks Analyze the Risk for Probability of Occurrence Calculating the Cost of a Loss The Survey Form The Crime Statistics Risk Analysis Steps Choosing the Method to Mitigate the Risk Planning and Designing CHAPTER 3 PERIMETER FENCE Types of Perimeter Fences Chain Link Wrought Iron Wood Fences Concrete Walls Fence Openings Barbed Wire Razor Wire Fence Design Specifications CHAPTER 4 PROTECTIVE BARRIERS Natural Protective Barriers Man-Made Protective Barriers Decorative Planters Bollards K-Rail Welded Steel Guard Rails Vehicle Arrest Systems Berms and Ditches Design Considerations for Protective Barriers Conclusion CHAPTER 5 SECURITY LIGHTING Foot-Candle Power Categories of Security Lighting Types of Lamps (Luminaries) Types of Security Lighting Lighting Requirements for Perimeter Protection Lighting Requirements for CCTV Electrical Power Sources for Security Lighting Wiring and Lighting Controls Maintenance of Lighting Systems Security Lighting Design Considerations Conclusion CHAPTER 6 ELECTRONIC ACCESS CONTROL Biometric Systems Hand Geometry Fingerprint Reader Iris Scanner Retina Scan Voice Recognition Signature Recognition Facial Recognition Error Rates Combination Systems Access Control System Cards Magnetic Strip Proximity Cards Smart Cards iv

7 Contents v Dual Technology Cards Designing the Access Control System Types of Access Control System Locks Request to Exit Device (REX) Door Contacts Automatic Door Closer Access Control System Panels Sample Design Specifications CHAPTER 7 ALARMS (INTRUSION DETECTION SYSTEMS) Alarm Categories Exterior Intrusion Detection Sensors Interior Intrusion Detection Sensors Sensor Technology Switches Magnetic Switches Balanced Magnetic Switches Mechanical Switches Volumetric Sensors Ultrasonic Sensors Infrared Glass Breaks Microwave Vibration Sensors Fence Vibration Sensors Fiber Optic Electric Field Capacitance Taut Wire Photo Electric Beam Video Motion Detection Intrusion Detection System Design Specifications. 132 CHAPTER 8 PARKING LOTS AND GARAGES Physical Design Features That Enhance Security Natural Surveillance Territorial Reinforcement Natural Access Control Target Hardening Parking Garages Natural Access Control Natural Surveillance Traditional Physical Security Access Control Security Officers Security Survey Parking Lots Lighting in Parking Lots Landscaping in Parking Lots CCTV in Parking Lots Emergency Call Boxes Security Officers Sample Design Specifications for a Parking Garage. 153 CHAPTER 9 CLOSED CIRCUIT TELEVISION (CCTV) CCTV System Components Camera Coaxial Cable Fiber Optic Cable Microwave MUX Monitor Recorders Wireless Cameras IP Addressable Cameras Basic System Design Considerations Lighting CHAPTER 10 LOCKS AND KEYS Types of Locks Keying Systems Specifications CHAPTER 11 DOORS AND WINDOWS Types of Window Frames Types of Window Glass Design Considerations for Doors and Windows CHAPTER 12 DEFENSE-IN-DEPTH People and Defense-in-Depth

8 vi Perimeter Security Physical Security Implementing the Physical Security The Perimeter Fence and Natural Barriers Protective Lighting Access Control Intrusion Detection CCTV Locks and Keys Windows and Doors Blast and Bullet Resistant Protection Fire Protection Protected Zones CHAPTER 13 SECURE AREAS IN A BUILDING Design and Construction of the Secure Room Design and Construction of the Secured (Caged) Area Emergency Power Design Considerations for Secure Rooms and Secure Areas CHAPTER 14 SECURITY DESIGN XYZ Pharmaceutical Company Security Design for the XYZ Pharmaceutical Company Perimeter Security Continuous Lighting Standby Lighting Movable Lighting Emergency Lighting Interior Security CCTV Fire Protection Intrusion Detection Alarm Annunciation Sample Design Specifications CHAPTER 15 PROTECTION OF UTILITIES (ELECTRIC, PHONE, WATER) Protecting Fiber Data Lines and T1 lines Securing the Manhole Covers Protecting the Electric Utility Vaults Securing the Electrical Switchgear Room Securing the Telephone Room/or Closet Securing the Emergency Backup Power System Securing the Water Lines and Wells on Site CHAPTER 16 BLAST PROTECTION Assessment for Blast Protection Physical Security Survey Blast-Hardening CHAPTER 17 FIRE PROTECTION Fire Codes Fire Suppression Systems Wet Pipe Sprinkler Systems Dry Pipe Sprinkler Systems Gaseous Fire Suppression Systems Smoke and Fire Detection Systems Flame Detection Emergency Backup Power Deigning Fire Detection and Suppression Systems. 323 CHAPTER 18 SOUND CONTROL Eavesdropping Devices - The Extent of the Threat. 325 The Devices Soundproofing a Room CHAPTER 19 SHIPPING AND RECEIVING Physical Security for Shipping and Receiving Access Control Intrusion Detection CCTV for Shipping and Receiving Lighting Securing Shipping and Receiving CHAPTER 20 CHECKLISTS AND FORMS INDEX

9 Introduction CHAPTER 1 The news today is filled with heightened awareness and sensitivity about physical or perimeter security due to the threat of terrorism. What does perimeter security mean? We will explore perimeter security in depth in the book. Perimeter security is defined as the protection of the outer boundary of your facility. With the advent of network security, perimeter security is defined as the protection of outer boundaries of the network. We are only going to focus on physical perimeter security in the book. What does perimeter security entail? Perimeter security starts at the property line. This is either a natural or manmade barrier. In most cases it is the fence line. Then there are gates, lighting, the building or structure itself, walls, windows, doors, alarms, etc. Sometimes intrusion detection is used to monitor the perimeter fence line or the detectors are located in the ground. In the chapters that follow we are going to explore in detail each of the elements that make up perimeter security. In Chapter 2 we will examine the security survey and threat assessment. You can t design effective perimeter security that also brings value to the company or the owner without first understanding what you are protecting and who you are protecting it from. Therefore the security survey and threat assessment is the first step. One important aspect is to obtain and understand the crime statistics for the area your project or building is located. The statistics can be obtained from the local police departments. There is also a company that will provide the information and you don t need to purchase any software. All you need to do is to give them an address and they will provide scores for that address based on certain data. The scores are a predictor of the occurrence of crime by type. There are checklists for performing a risk analysis and checklists for completing a security survey. Copyright 2006 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Click here for terms of use. 1

10 2 Perimeter Security Chapter 3 will outline the specifications for chain-link fences. The specifications are the Federal DOD requirements which are a standard in the security industry. The types of fences will also be discussed along with their uses. Sample design specifications are also presented. Chapter 4 is all about protective barriers and how they are effective in physical security and protecting the perimeter. The types of barriers will be presented. The designs and their uses will be discussed. Portable and permanent barriers types and uses are explained. Chapter 5 addresses protective lighting the types of systems, uses and the design of the protective lighting system to enhance perimeter security. The proper illumination of lighting for security purposes is discussed and the definition of a foot-candle and its importance to security lighting is presented. Chapter 6 is about access control systems and what is available and the benefits of using dual technology systems. Sample detailed design specifications are provided for the access control system. The integration of alarms and CCTV into one system is discussed. Chapter 7 presents intrusion detection systems (IDS). The use of dual technology systems when deploying an IDS is discussed. All the types of IDS systems are presented and how they work. Sample design specifications a re included in the chapter for use as a guide for developing a set of specification for a project. Chapter 8 concentrates on parking garages and parking lots and how to include security into the design and construction of them. The type of lighting that enhances security in parking garages and lots is outlined. The use CCTV and other security devices to help make the users of the parking garage and lots feel safe. As with the other chapters sample design specifications are included in the chapter. Chapter 9 looks at the world of CCTV. The types of systems used are presented but emphasis is on the digital systems since this is the current trend of the CCTV today. Deign issues are also discussed and as some of the problems that may be encountered in the design and installation. Chapter 10 is all about locks and keys. The uses of the various locking devices are discussed. Key control programs are also presented. Sample design specifications for deigning locking devices into a project are presented. Chapter 11 windows and doors are on the perimeter and a likely point of entry for intruders. The ways to protect the windows and doors by using two types of IDS and better locking devices is explored. The chapter has a sample design specification document for designing secure windows and doors. Chapter 12 the concept of defense-in-depth is explained and how it can improve security in a new facility by designing layers of security. The layered approach will help enhance security because when one layer is defeated there is another layer to tackle for the intruder. The defense-in-depth approach helps to harden the target by making it harder to gain entry and the possibility of being detected.