ELECTRICAL SAFETY. Jorge Andrade Safety Supervisor CSM, CSA FRCSW. FRCSW, San Diego, CA

Transcription

1 ELECTRICAL SAFETY Jorge Andrade Safety Supervisor CSM, CSA FRCSW FRCSW, San Diego, CA I 1

2 Electrical Safety All employers including government activities are to provide employees with a safe and healthful place of employment. Nationwide, Electrical Workers have a disproportionately high fatality rate compared to other classes of hazards 2

3 Electrical Hazards Are Real Electricity has long been recognized as a serious workplace hazard, exposing employees to electric shock, electrocution, burns, fires, and explosions. 3

4 Electrical Hazards A Department of Labor 7-year study showed that 2,576 U.S. workers died and another 32,807 sustained lost-time injuries losing an average of 13 days away from work due to electrical shock or burn injuries These statistics were validated in a second study involving more than 120,000 employees that determined arc flash injuries accounted for 77% of all recorded electrical injuries.. 4

5 Electrical Hazards Last year, 94 service members stationed in Iraq, Afghanistan or other Central Command countries sought medical treatment for electric shock. Source: USMC Safety Center 10/09 5

6 SOH Policy for DOD DOD Directive Begins DOD implementation of regulations concerning Safety and Occupational Health (SOH). Sets policy to: Protect DOD personnel from accidental death, injury, or occupational illness; Protect DOD weapon systems, equipment, materiel, and facilities from accidental destruction or damage; 6

7 Requirement History DOD Directive Protect public from death, injury, illness, or property damage as a result of DOD operations; Comply with applicable safety and occupational or environmental health regulations promulgated by Federal or State regulatory agencies; and Prescribe & enforce standards or regulations applicable to functions for which DOD over SOH matters. 7

8 DOD Directive Intent Provide Personnel Safety Protect Physical Property and Equipment Protect The Public NAVY SAFETY AND OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH (SOH) PROGRAM MANUAL OPNAVINST G implements DOD policy 8

9 DOD Directive Intent Provide Personnel Safety Protect Physical Property and Equipment Protect The Public 9

10 SPECIFIC ELECTRICAL SAFETY REQUIREMENTS 29 CFR1910. SUB Part S OPNAVINST G NAVY Safety and Occupational Health (SOH) Program Manual UFC (17 September, 2009) Electrical Safety, O & M, is the SOH standard for electrical safety for the TRI- Services 10

11 The Key Requirements Document is: DOD SPONSORED COMBINED SERVICES MANUAL: UFC W/CHG-3, ELECTRICAL SAFETY, O & M (TRI-SERVICES) This UFC applies to operations, maintenance, and construction functions. It also applies to design functions when on project sites. \2\This UFC applies to contractor activities when required by appropriate contract documents. /2/ 11

12 Additional Industry Code of Practice Requirements for Electrical Safety National Fire Protection Association NFPA- 70E, Standard for Electrical Safety in the Workplace, revised and updated

13 Electrical Safety Program Questions: Is there an Electrical Worker Training Budget? Is there a list of Electrical Workers? Qualified Unqualified Other Electrical/Electronic Workers Is there an ongoing CPR program for Electrical Workers? 13

14 Electrical Safety Program Questions: Has the Command expressly implemented UFC ? ALL of it s requirements? What about NFPA 70E? Is there an Arc-Flash Program to allow proper worker safety while performing their tasks? Does the Command possess up to date documentation, easily retrievable, showing their entire electrical system? 14

15 Electrical Safety Program Questions: Does the Command fund and provide the necessary preventative maintenance of the electrical system in accordance with NAVFAC MO 200? Are non-invasive inspection techniques in use: Infrared, Ultrasonic, remote metering, Ground Fault Alarming, Electrical SCADA systems? This can minimize worker exposure to electrical hazards 15

16 Electrical Safety Program Questions: Is there a written training curriculum providing training pathways for electrical workers to advance in qualifications? Are in-house manpower assets available to author and maintain the necessary electrical SOPs? What about the management of an electrical safety program, who does that? 16

17 Training for Qualification Typical NEC-type professional training slide This material was extracted from Mike Holt Training Materials copyright 2007 by permission. Visit mikeholt.com or call NEC-CODE ( for more information. 17

18 WHO needs Electrical Safety Training? (29 CFR 1910, Subpart S, Table S-4) Occupation Blue collar supervisors. Electrical and electronic engineers. Electrical and electronic equipment assemblers. Electrical and electronic technicians. Electricians. Industrial machine operators. Material handling equipment operators. Mechanics and repairers. Painters. Riggers and roustabouts. Stationary engineers. Welders. Note: Workers in these groups do not need to be trained if their work or the work of those they supervise does not bring them or the employees they supervise close enough to exposed parts of electric circuits operating at 50 volts or more to ground for a hazard to exist. [55 FR 32016, Aug. 6, 1990] 18

19 Electrical Safety Program Questions: The Big Question who does/should be doing the electrical safety inspections? The qualified electrical workers? The Safety Office folks? Shop Supervisor? Workers? Should the Safety Office act as facilitators, auditing the site electrical program and managing safety training for electrical workers? 19

20 The Electrical Safety Program Does it really exist? If not, what is required? A working, viable program is needed Guidelines are available Each facility must develop and manage their own program (???) (100 bases 100 programs?) Are there visible benefits of such a program? 20

21 What can a Viable Electrical Safety Program Do? Reduce Injuries and Fatalities! Improve operational performance Reduce operating costs 21

22 What can a Viable Electrical Safety Program Do? Electrical Safety improvements at NAS Lemoore AIMD resulted in 10,000 maintenance man-hour reduction and a three-year savings of $1.135M Electrical Safety improvements at NAS Fallon AIMD reduced maintenance man-hours and material costs 70%, saving $420K in one year

23 Tri-Service Electrical Safety Unified Facilities Criteria (UFC) Description: UFC (previously MIL-HDBK- 1025/10), incorporates tri-service requirements into one unified document and provides electrical safety requirements for all electrical work activities. Reasons for Changes: Provide guidance for all aspects of electrical safety. Conform UFC criteria to recently issued industry standards. Clarify work requirements for unique activities. 23

24 Tri-Service Electrical Safety UFC Introduction 1-1 PURPOSE. This Unified Facilities Criteria (UFC) has been issued to provide safety requirements for electrical workers. The requirements address various aspects associated with work safety for electrical workers. Wherever specific instructions are provided, the emphasis is on the job safety requirements; additional work instructions will likely be necessary related to the actual work being performed. 1-2 SCOPE. This UFC provides safety requirements and guidance for anyone working on or near electrical components rated at 50 volts or above. 24

25 Tri-Service Electrical Safety UFC Introduction - Scope Voltage Classification. For the purposes of this UFC, low voltage is defined as 600 volts or less. Voltages higher than 600 volts are referred to as high voltage. Refer to Glossary for definitions Need. Electrical personnel involved in operating and maintaining electrical facilities can be injured and equipment can be damaged whenever electrical systems and components are not handled safely. The adoption and enforcement of safe electrical practices will reduce the hazards to personnel. 25

26 Tri-Service Electrical Safety UFC Introduction - Scope Familiarity and Requirements. Each worker must understand and apply those safety requirements of this UFC that apply to the work performed. This safety manual must be readily available to each worker for reference and study Mishap Prevention. Mishap prevention is a basic responsibility of every worker. Personal safety, fellow workers safety, and the general public s safety depend upon compliance with this manual s requirements. Safety takes precedence over work production. 26

27 Tri-Service Electrical Safety UFC Introduction - Scope Applicability. This UFC applies to workers involved in any aspect of electrical work. This UFC covers the authorized individual-in-charge, crew members, and qualified and unqualified electrical workers. The authorized individual-in charge might be a supervisor, a foreman, or a lead electrical worker depending upon local policy. 27

28 Tri-Service Electrical Safety UFC Introduction - Scope This UFC applies to operations, maintenance, and construction functions. It also applies to design functions when on project sites. This UFC applies to contractor activities when required by appropriate contract documents. Note: For Navy electronics personnel/operations, follow the guidance outlined in SPAWARINST D, Navy Shore Electronics Safety Precautions.

29 Tri-Service Electrical Safety UFC Introduction - Scope Work Type. The type of work covered includes electrical construction, installation, maintenance, operation, repair, and testing of base and facility electrical systems Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). Comply with OSHA requirements, as applicable. 1-3 REFERENCES. Appendix A contains a list of references used in this UFC. 29

30 Tri-Service Electrical Safety UFC Introduction - Codes Standards, and Regulations Several codes, standards, and regulations apply to basic electrical practices; these documents cover electrical work rules, safety procedures, and requirements for electrical installations. Comply with all applicable provisions of the current issues of these codes with exceptions provided herein. The applicable documents include: ANSI C2, National Electrical Safety Code (NESC), American National Standards Institute. ANSI/NETA ATS, Acceptance Testing Specifications for Electrical Power Distribution Equipment and Systems. 30

31 Tri-Service Electrical Safety UFC Introduction - Codes Standards, and Regulations ANSI/NETA MTS, Maintenance Testing Specifications for Electrical Power Distribution Equipment and Systems. NFPA 70, National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), National Electrical Code (NEC). NFPA 70B, Electrical Equipment Maintenance. NFPA 70E, including Tentative Interim Amendment (TIA) 04-1, Electrical Safety in the Workplace. 31

32 Tri-Service Electrical Safety UFC Introduction - Codes Standards, and Regulations 29 CFR 1910, Occupational Safety and Health, General Industry Standards. 29 CFR 1926, Occupational Safety and Health, Safety and Health Regulations for Construction. 32

33 Tri-Service Electrical Safety UFC Introduction - Codes Standards, and Regulations Each service has its own documents and criteria relating to occupational safety and health. Refer to the following documents as applicable for the issuing and endorsing services: OPNAVINST Series, Navy Occupational Safety and Health (NAVOSH) Program Manual. NAVFACINST (Latest Edition) NAVFACENGCOM Safety & Health Program. 33

34 Tri-Service Electrical Safety UFC Introduction - VARIANCES FROM NORMAL SAFETY PRACTICES Applicability. The safety requirements of this UFC apply to most commonly encountered working conditions. Occasionally, there might be a need to vary work practices from these requirements due to unusual or abnormal conditions. An example might be to permit work on energized equipment. In these cases, the authorized individual-in-charge must analyze and discuss alternatives with the crew prior to commencing work. Obtain required approvals according to local directives. 34

35 Tri-Service Electrical Safety UFC Introduction VARIANCES FROM NORMAL SAFETY PRACTICES For the Navy, all energized work will require written, job specific procedures approved, in writing, by the Commanding Officer/Executive Officer and considered necessary to support a critical mission, prevent human injury, or protect property.

36 Tri-Service Electrical Safety UFC Introduction - VARIANCES FROM NORMAL SAFETY PRACTICES For the Air Force, all energized work must be authorized by the authority referenced in AFI , Electrical Safe Practices, and considered necessary to support a critical mission, prevent human injury, or protect property. Energized work permits are required in advance of work and require as a minimum those items contained in AFI Whenever a paragraph in this document requires interpretation, the Authority Having Jurisdiction (AHJ) is Headquarters AFCESA/CEOA. 36

37 Tri-Service Electrical Safety UFC Introduction - ELECTRICAL HAZARDS 1-7 ELECTRICAL HAZARDS. Electrical hazards are particularly dangerous because the human body usually does not sense electrical energy until contact is made and significant injury has already occurred. Workers must always be aware of the location of energized equipment and its voltage level at each job site. Additionally, workers must be aware of the possible sources of electrical feedback from other energized power sources into the work site. 37

38 Tri-Service Electrical Safety UFC Introduction - ELECTRICAL HAZARDS 1-7 continued: These hazards must be determined before starting work. Pre-job planning must include engineering guidance in understanding the system s operation and review of up-to-date single line and schematic as-built drawings. All apparel, tools, and other equipment required for worker safety must be identified and available before beginning the job. 38

39 Electrical or Fall Hazard? Take a break 20 min please 39

40 Tri-Service Electrical Safety UFC Introduction - ELECTRICAL HAZARDS Danger from Arcs and Blasts. This UFC addresses arc flash criteria for electrical safety. Arcs result from the passage of electric current through air; the air failing as an insulator, but serving as a conducting medium. Blasts result when the metal at the arc site expands and vaporizes. High energy arcs can be fatal even at distances of 10 ft (3.05 m). 40

41 Tri-Service Electrical Safety UFC Introduction - Communications 1-9 COMMUNICATIONS. All employees participating in a work procedure must be in constant voice contact with all other members involved in that procedure. The ability of work crew, work leader, and/or supervisor to communicate during circuit isolation, maintenance, troubleshooting, and restoration is essential. Accordingly, each employee shall be provided a personal communication device (radio or cellular phone) and each will be assigned a unique caller identification. 41

42 Tri-Service Electrical Safety UFC Worker/Crew Responsibilities 2-1 Levels of Responsibility. Operation and maintenance of electrical distribution systems are a single work group responsibility. The same personnel will frequently perform both functions. All personnel are responsible for safety at all times. Table 2-1 lists the level of accountability for each job function. Note: The titles and responsibilities listed in Table 2-1 are typical assignments for electrical workers at most facilities or organizations. However, titles and responsibilities might be assigned differently in accordance with local directives /2/ 42

43 Tri-Service Electrical Safety UFC Worker/Crew Responsibilities 43

44 Tri-Service Electrical Safety UFC Worker/Crew Responsibilities 2-2 ELECTRICAL WORKER QUALIFICATIONS. Qualifications for electrical workers are normally established locally. Workers are classified as Qualified or Unqualified Qualified Persons. One who has skills and knowledge related to the construction and operation of the electrical equipment and installations and has received safety training to recognize and avoid the hazards involved. 44

45 Tri-Service Electrical Safety UFC Worker/Crew Responsibilities This includes: The skills and techniques necessary to distinguish exposed live parts from other parts of electric equipment, The skills and techniques necessary to determine the nominal voltage of exposed parts, The clearance distances and the corresponding voltages to which the qualified person will be exposed Unqualified Person. Any person who is not a qualified person. 45

46 Tri-Service Electrical Safety UFC Worker/Crew Responsibilities Skills and techniques regarding how to select and use a voltage detector and phase meter Unqualified Person. Any person who is not a qualified person. 46

47 Worker Qualifications But Wait! What does OSHA Say? OSHA Requirement 29 CFR 1910 Subpart S Competent person means one who is capable of identifying existing and predictable hazards in the surroundings or working conditions which are unsanitary, hazardous, or dangerous to employees, and who has authorization to take prompt corrective measures to eliminate them. Qualified person means one who has received training in and has demonstrated skills and knowledge in the construction and operation of the electric equipment and installations and the hazards involved. 47

48 Tri-Service Electrical Safety UFC Worker/Crew Responsibilities Type of Training. The training shall be of the classroom or on-the-job type. The degree of training provided shall be determined by the risk to the employee. As a minimum, the employee must demonstrate to their supervisor or designated representatives, the capability, knowledge and skills to understand and apply the controls required by their exposures, and that they can safely complete their assigned tasks. 48

49 Tri-Service Electrical Safety UFC Worker/Crew Responsibilities Note: An employee who is undergoing onthe-job training and who, in the course of such training, has demonstrated an ability to perform duties safely at his or her level of training and who is under the direct supervision of a qualified person is considered to be a qualified person for the performance of those duties. 49

50 Tri-Service Electrical Safety UFC Worker/Crew Responsibilities \3\ 2-2.4Training Documentation. Document that each employee has received the required training. This documentation shall be made when the employee demonstrates proficiency in the work practices involved and shall be maintained for the duration of the employee s employment. The documentation shall contain each employee s name and dates of training. 50

51 Tri-Service Electrical Safety UFC Worker/Crew Responsibilities 2-3 SAFETY MEETINGS. Safety meetings must consist of scheduled meetings for all personnel and job briefing/tailgate meetings as needed for specific jobs Scheduled Meetings. Safety meetings must be scheduled in accordance with local policy. Twice a month is recommended, but once a month is minimum; less frequent meetings tend to deemphasize the importance of safety. Supervisory personnel must conduct these meetings, but encourage other knowledgeable individuals to conduct training on specialized topics. 51

52 Tri-Service Electrical Safety UFC Worker/Crew Responsibilities Job Briefing/Tailgate Meetings. Meetings at the job site prior to the commencement of work are commonly called tailgate meetings. This meeting covers all aspects of planned work, site hazards, safety precautions to be followed, special precautions, energy source controls, and personnel protective equipment. The individual in charge must conduct the job brief and must ensure that each crew member understands the precautions to be observed and the procedures to be followed. Tailgate meetings are also recommended at the beginning of each work shift for longer duration jobs so that all crew members understand what is to be done, how to accomplish the job, safety hazards present, and methods used to provide worker protection. 52

53 Tri-Service Electrical Safety UFC Worker/Crew Responsibilities 2-4 WORK SITE SAFETY. Maintaining acceptable work site safety involves proper behavior, good housekeeping, maintenance of protective measures, and avoiding unsafe actions. The following tables provide examples and are not all inclusive. 53

54 Tri-Service Electrical Safety UFC Worker/Crew Responsibilities 54

55 Tri-Service Electrical Safety UFC Worker/Crew Responsibilities 55

56 Tri-Service Electrical Safety UFC Worker/Crew Responsibilities 56

57 Tri-Service Electrical Safety UFC Worker/Crew Responsibilities Table 2-5b 57

58 Tri-Service Electrical Safety UFC Worker/Crew Responsibilities 2-5 JOB HAZARD ANALYSIS/JOB SAFETY ANALYSIS. Written work procedures must be prepared for unusual or complicated work activities. Table 2-6 lists the minimum requirements for a job hazard analysis or job safety analysis. 58

59 Tri-Service Electrical Safety UFC Worker/Crew Responsibilities Table 2-6. Job Hazard Analysis (JHA)/Job Safety Analysis (JSA) 59

60 Tri-Service Electrical Safety UFC Worker/Crew Responsibilities Example NAVFAC HA project in TX, 2006 Proper PPE is required Even to open an electrical equipment enclosure Proper PPE was selected during a pre-work JHA between GDIT and the subcontractor 60

61 Tri-Service Electrical Safety UFC Worker/Crew Responsibilities 2-6 SAFETY COMPLIANCE. A requirement of employment is compliance with safety requirements. Workers must not perform work they consider unduly hazardous based on their own capabilities; they are not trained or qualified to perform; or when they are not properly protected from injury. In a case where the safety requirements are not clear, the worker must obtain direction from the authorized individual-in-charge Carelessness. A worker must challenge a fellow worker who violates any of these rules or works in an unsafe manner, and must promptly report any violations of safety requirements to the authorized individual-in-charge. 61

62 Tri-Service Electrical Safety UFC Worker/Crew Responsibilities Enforcement. Supervisors and foremen are responsible for enforcing safety rules and are subject to penalties for violations as are crew members Interpretation. In any case where rules are not clear a worker should ask the foreman or supervisor for an interpretation Violations. Each safety rule must be strictly enforced. Workers failing to observe the rules can be subject to penalties. Supervisors must follow local guidelines and ensure the severity of the penalty is related to the seriousness of the offense. 62

63 Example HAZARDOUS ACTION 480-VOLT, 2,000-KVA Substation feeding flight-line electrical distribution system (FLEDS) 180-KVA 63

64 Example HAZARDOUS ACTION FLEDS in process of wiring modifications By contractor #1 64

65 Example HAZARDOUS ACTION Contractor #2 drives by, pauses vehicle, chats with contractor #1 who is working while standing inside the FLEDS unit Input power is removed from the FLEDS However the source breaker does not have the LOTO locks in place. 65

66 Example HAZARDOUS ACTION Contractor #2 then proceeds to substation, energized the breaker feeding the FLEDS presently being worked by contractor #1 Contractor #2 then drives back to the FLEDS position and asks contractor #1, Hey, don t you know that thing is hot??? Contractor #1 exited the enclosure Contractor #2 secured the power There were no injuries, just elevated pulses 66

67 Tri-Service Electrical Safety UFC SITE SAFETY MANAGEMENT Minimum approach distances are established to protect the worker and must be observed (by arc-flash and related studies) Minimum approach distances are established by specific task during the job planning May be contained in SOPs, however SOP use must be adapted to specific task conditions. 67

68 Tri-Service Electrical Safety UFC SITE SAFETY MANAGEMENT Flash Protection Boundary. The distance from an arc source (energized exposed equipment) at which the potential incident heat energy from an arcing fault on the surface of the skin is 1.2 cal/cm 2 (5J/cm 2 ). \2\ Within this boundary, workers are required to wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) clothing. /2/ 68

69 Tri-Service Electrical Safety UFC SITE SAFETY MANAGEMENT The minimum flash protection boundary shall be 10 ft (3.05 m) for voltages up to 750 volts, and 20 ft (6.1 m) for voltages greater than 750 volts, if the work tasks of Table 4-2 or Table 4-3 are used in lieu of an arc flash analysis using calculation methods. Only qualified workers wearing appropriate PPE are permitted to be within this boundary. 69

70 Tri-Service Electrical Safety UFC SITE SAFETY MANAGEMENT Limited Approach Boundary. A shock protection boundary to be crossed by only qualified persons (at a distance from a live part) that is not to be crossed by unqualified persons unless escorted by a qualified person. 70

71 Tri-Service Electrical Safety UFC SITE SAFETY MANAGEMENT Restricted Approach Boundary. A shock protection boundary to be crossed by only qualified persons (at a distance from a live part) that, due to its proximity to a shock hazard, requires the use of shock protection techniques and equipment when crossed. 71

72 Tri-Service Electrical Safety UFC SITE SAFETY MANAGEMENT Prohibited Approach Boundary: A shock protection boundary to be crossed by only qualified persons (at a distance from a live part) that, when crossed by a body part or object, requires the same protection as if direct contact is made with a live part. 72

73 Tri-Service Electrical Safety UFC SITE SAFETY MANAGEMENT Minimum Approach Distance for Unqualified Workers. Only workers qualified by electrical training can work in areas on or with unguarded, uninsulated energized lines or parts of equipment operating at 50 volts or more. All electric lines and equipment will be treated as energized unless they are placed in an electrically safe working condition. 73

74 Tri-Service Electrical Safety UFC SITE SAFETY MANAGEMENT In addition, grounding shall be in accordance with Chapter 7. The minimum approach distance for an unqualified worker shall be 10 ft (3.05 m) for voltages up to 750 volts, and 20 ft (6.1 m) for voltages greater than 750 volts. The minimum approach distance refers to the shortest possible distance between energized electrical lines or apparatus and any part of a worker s body and tools or material being handled. 74

75 Minimum Approach Distances 75

76 Tri-Service Electrical Safety UFC SITE SAFETY MANAGEMENT Note: An unqualified person can enter a limited approach boundary of less than 10 ft (3.05 m) only if escorted by a qualified person and if wearing appropriate PPE. An unqualified person can never cross the restricted approach boundary. 76

77 Take a Break 20 minutes please MECH, Fall 08 Danger! Where is cable maintenance? 77

78 Tri-Service Electrical Safety UFC SITE SAFETY MANAGEMENT Minimum Approach Distances. Table 3-1 lists the minimum approach distances from exposed energized parts within which a qualified worker may not approach or place any conductive object without an approved insulating handle, unless certain other work techniques are used (such as isolation, insulation, or guarding) in accordance with accepted industry practice. 78

79 Tri-Service Electrical Safety UFC SITE SAFETY MANAGEMENT Table 3-1: 79

80 Tri-Service Electrical Safety UFC SITE SAFETY MANAGEMENT Notes for Table 3-1: 80

81 Tri-Service Electrical Safety UFC SITE SAFETY MANAGEMENT Additional Notes for Table 3-1: 81

82 Arc-Flash Reality Check NFPA 70E (2009) Article Arc Flash Hazard Analysis, Exception No. 1: An are flash hazard analysis shall not be required where all of the following conditions exist: 1) The circuit is rated 240 volts or less. 2) The circuit is supplied by one transformer. 3) The transformer supplying the circuit is rated less than 125 kva 82

83 Arc-Flash Reality Check Exception No. 2: The requirements of 130.7(C)(9), 130.7(C)(10), and 130.7(C)(11) shall be permitted to be used in lieu of a detailed incident energy analysis. FPN No. 1: Improper or inadequate maintenance can result in increased opening time of the overcurrent protective device (OCD), thus increasing the incident energy. 83

84 A Closer Look at Arc-Flash Hazards What causes the burn? Heat intensity in Calories/centimeter of exposed surface Establish from standard practice formulas Duration of exposure in seconds Here is the wild card! What variables drive Exposure Time? When will the Circuit Breaker open? 84

85 This is Electrical Safety Maintenance The Missing Link! ELECTRICAL SAFETY QUALIFIED ELECTRICAL WORKERS YEARLY NEC UPDATE TRAINING PLANNED MAINTENANCE 85

86 Tri-Service Electrical Safety UFC Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) An initial inspection of tools brought on the job by a new worker must be made by the authorized individual-in-charge. Use must be permitted only if the tools are in good condition and conform to the requirements of this UFC Inspections of tools and equipment used by an individual worker may be made by the authorized individual-in-charge at any time. 86

87 Tri-Service Electrical Safety UFC Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Before a job is started, each worker must inspect protective apparel, tools, ladders, scaffolds, ropes, and other materials handling equipment to be used. All items must be suitable for their intended uses and in good material condition. 87

88 Tri-Service Electrical Safety UFC Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Protective Clothing Considerations. Maintenance of the garment some garments may be marked for professional cleaning/dry cleaning only with home/shop laundry prohibited. Durability ability and process to remove stain/oils. Wear ability sizing. Repair procedures utilizing proper materials. Intended use based upon arc flash hazard analysis and manufacturer s recommendations. 88

89 Tri-Service Electrical Safety UFC Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Continued: Projected life of the product Limitations of the garment limited washings, as specified by the manufacturer. Training. Care should be taken to ensure all garments meet and are labeled in accordance with ASTM F1506, Standard Specification for Flame Resistant Textile Materials for Wearing Materials for use by Electrical Workers Exposed to Momentary Electric Arc and Related Thermal Hazards 89

90 Tri-Service Electrical Safety UFC Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) 90

91 Tri-Service Electrical Safety UFC Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) 8 cal/cm 2 rating without chin cup, 10 cal/cm 2 with the cup 91

92 Tri-Service Electrical Safety UFC Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) 31 cal/cm 2 suit with voltage detector 92

93 Tri-Service Electrical Safety UFC Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) 40 cal/cm 2 suit 93

94 Electrical Feedback Protection Safety Jumper Set Called a grounding cluster Grounds alternate input sources Prevents back feeding 94

95 Tri-Service Electrical Safety UFC PPE for ARC-FLASH Protection 4-4 PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT FOR ARC FLASH PROTECTION Note: For the Air Force, in addition, appropriate PPE is determined by the qualified site supervisor who shall follow applicable AFOSH, HQ AFCESA ETL, UFC, and NFPA 70E, Article 130 guidance. Wear of 100% untreated cotton BDUs and DCUs is authorized, but not mandatory. These uniforms are not considered personal protective equipment, but may be worn under NFPA 70E, Standard for Electrical Safety in the Workplace, Arc Thermal Performance Value (ATPV)-rated protective clothing. 95

96 Tri-Service Electrical Safety UFC PPE for ARC-FLASH Protection The only clothing permitted to be worn under NFPA 70E ATPV-rated protective clothing is 100% untreated cotton. Do not permit nylon-blend fabrics to be worn. They will melt when exposed to high heat, which increases personal injury in the event of an electrical accident. They are not permitted to be worn under NFPA 70E ATPV-rated protective clothing, but are permitted when working on de-energized and electrically safe circuits or equipment. 96

97 Tri-Service Electrical Safety UFC PPE for ARC-FLASH Protection Any worker whose normal job includes working on or near exposed electrical equipment shall wear to work as a minimum: FR shirt (long-sleeve) and pants (or FR coveralls) with minimum are rating of 8 cal/cm 2 (33.47 J/cm 2 ). Cotton underwear (conventional short sleeve t-shirt and brief/shorts). Leather electrical hazard-rated (EH) work shoes/boots. Note: High voltage linemen are not required to wear EH work shoes or boots while climbing. 97

98 Tri-Service Electrical Safety UFC PPE for ARC-FLASH Protection Any employee who goes to a job site that involves working on or near exposed electrical equipment shall wear all of the following (with the exception of gloves which will be dictated by the work task in Table 4-2 /2/) as a minimum: FR shirt (long-sleeve) and pants (or FR coveralls) with minimum arc rating of 8 cal/cm 2 (33.47 J/cm 2 ). 98

99 Tri-Service Electrical Safety UFC PPE for ARC-FLASH Protection Leather electrical hazard-rated (EH) work shoes/boots. Note: High voltage linemen are not required to wear EH work shoes or boots while climbing. Safety glasses (ANSI Z87.1) with side shields. Safety goggles (ANSI Z87.1) shall be worn over metal frames and non-safety glasses. Hardhat (ANSI Z89.1 Class E approved). Long hair must be secured under the hardhat. 99

100 Tri-Service Electrical Safety UFC PPE for ARC-FLASH Protection Leather work gloves must be available and shall be worn for work tasks classified as Category 2 or higher. Rubber glove protectors must not be used as work gloves. Hearing protection as required in accordance with local procedures and whenever the sound level exceeds 84 decibels or 140 decibels peak sound level pressure for impulse or impact noise, regardless of the exposure duration. Combination or insert type and circumaural types of hearing protectors (double protection) shall be worn when sound levels exceed 104 db(a). 100

101 Tri-Service Electrical Safety UFC PPE for ARC-FLASH Protection * 101

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104 Tri-Service Electrical Safety UFC PPE for ARC-FLASH Protection 104

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107 Tri-Service Electrical Safety UFC PPE for ARC-FLASH Protection 107

108 Tri-Service Electrical Safety UFC PPE for ARC-FLASH Protection 108

109 Tri-Service Electrical Safety UFC PPE for ARC-FLASH Protection Chg

110 Tri-Service Electrical Safety UFC PPE for ARC-FLASH Protection Switchboards or panelboards that are likely to be accessed (with covers on) are required to have a label to warn of potential electrical arc flash hazards and appropriate PPE required. The label format shall be in accordance with Figure 4-1. Chg. 3 deleted reference to NFPA 70E on AF Hazard label 110

111 LUNCH 45 minutes please DANGER! NAVAIR Technical Manual 01-1A-512 places shipboard electronic Workbenches is land base Avionics repair shops. This manual calls for a wiring technique that is a NEC safety violation and has been the primary cause of Test Equipment failures for many years. Ensure NEC 250 followed for Neutral Bonding! 111

112 The Shock and Arc-Flash Hazard Temperatures at the arc terminals can reach or exceed 35,000 degrees Fahrenheit (F) or four times the temperature of the sun s surface. All known metals vaporize at this temperature Once plasma ignition occurs, it cannot be extinguished, hence the term burn-down as applied to electrical systems 112

113 The Shock and Arc-Flash Hazard As the arc begins, metal begins to heat rapidly and melt. First, the molten metal boils, throwing off liquid globules, still continuing to heat. At this point one of two things happen. The cycle may run out of fuel and extinguish itself. Or, if it continues past 300 milliseconds, any copper present will transition to vapor, thus becoming an unquenchable plasma fire. 113

114 The Shock and Arc-Flash Hazard As conductors vaporize they may project molten particles similar to buckshot. Three inches of vaporized #10 copper wire expands to approximately one cubic foot or 67,000 times its solid state. One cubic inch (1 X 1 X 1 ) of copper will expand almost instantaneously into a 7ft X 7ft X 7ft cube, heated to over 30,000 deg. F 114

115 The Shock and Arc-Flash Hazard The arc blast often causes equipment to literally explode ejecting parts, insulating materials, and supporting structures with life threatening force. 115

116 NFPA and UFC Arc-Flash protection is mandated by the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) Standard 70, Electrical Code and NFPA Standard 70E, Standard for Electrical Safety in the Workplace NFPA compliance for DOD facilities is mandatory under Tri-Services Uniform Facilities Criteria (UFC) , Electrical Safety, O & M 116

117 What is Arc Flash? Arc Flash is the result of a rapid release of energy due to an arcing fault between a phase bus bar and another phase bus bar, neutral or a ground. During an arc fault the air is the conductor. Arc faults are generally limited to systems where the bus voltage is in excess of 120 volts. Lower voltage levels normally will not sustain an arc. An arc fault is similar to the arc obtained during electric welding and the fault has to be manually started by something creating the path of conduction or a failure such as a breakdown in insulation.

118 What is Arc Flash? The cause of the short normally burns away during the initial flash and the arc fault is then sustained by the establishment of a highly-conductive plasma. The plasma will conduct as much energy as is available and is only limited by the impedance of the arc. This massive energy discharge burns the bus bars, vaporizing the copper and thus causing an explosive volumetric increase, the arc blast, conservatively estimated, as an expansion of 40,000 to 1. This fiery explosion devastates everything in its path, creating deadly shrapnel as it dissipates.

119 What is Arc Flash? The arc fault current is usually much less than the available bolted fault current and below the rating of circuit breakers. Unless these devices have been selected to handle the arc fault condition, they will not trip and the full force of an arc flash will occur. The electrical equation for energy is volts x current x time. The transition from arc fault to arc flash takes a finite time, increasing in intensity as the pressure wave develops. The challenge is to sense the arc fault current and shut off the voltage in a timely manner before it develops into a serious arc flash condition.

120 What is Arc Flash?

121 Arc Flash

122 Arc-Flash Burns arc flash accidents result in the death of a facilities worker every 28 hours IEEE 122

123 Arc-Flash Burns 123

124 Arc-Flash Burns 124

125 Arc-Flash Burns 125

126 Arc-Flash Hazard Abatement Example Hangar Firemain substation installed ,500-KVA Transformer 4 auxiliary 250-Amp breakers HP Fire Pump Motor Starters No maintenance for many years, auto-start non-functional, pumps must be manually starting. Severe arc-flash hazard 126

127 Arc-Flash Hazard Abatement Example NAVFAC HA Team upgraded with rebuilt certified breakers All breakers tested at delivery Quick-Trip TM units installed to improve worker safety Factory breaker settings tested for proper performance 127

128 Arc-Flash Hazard Abatement Example Quick-Trip is a field modification that enables a worker to bypass the circuit breaker timedelay trip settings, changing it to instantaneous trip on fault This greatly reduces the trip time if a fault occurs, thus exposing the worker to a greatly reduced arc-flash hazard 128

129 Arc-Flash Hazard Abatement Example Summary NAVFAC HA fielded a Tiger Team to service the substation during a 10-hour planned outage Repaired and tested the HV switch Cleaned and tested the transformer Cleaned and tightened all connections Overhauled four pump controllers Replaced breakers with newer models to improve safety 129

130 SPECIFIC ELECTRICAL SAFETY REQUIREMENTS OPNAVINST G, establishes SPAWARINST D as approved SOH standard governing electronic safety ashore Chapter 16, Appendix 16-A establishes SPAWARINST D as approved SOH standard governing Electronic Safety Ashore. 130

131 Requirement History SPAWARINST , Last Update June 15, 1992 (not actively maintained) Scope: This directive is applicable to Navy military and civilian personnel engaged in repair and maintenance of electronic equipment ashore. This instruction references a number of key publications and standards 131

132 SPAWARINST D 2.0 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS 2.1 Personnel Requirements Training and Competency Only trained and competent personnel shall be permitted to work on electrical equipment and systems. All personnel who work on electrical or electronic equipment shall receive initial electrical safety training and annual update training per 29 CFR to Training shall also cover the requirements of the current issue of the National Electric Code as well as other applicable publications in paragraphs

133 Sidebar - Annual Training Updates Required by 29 CFR CFR : Safety Related Work Practices 29 CFR : Training Exposed Voltages >50- volts 20 CFR : Selection and Use of Work Practices 29 CFR : Use of Equipment 29 CFR : Safeguards for Personnel Protection 133

134 More Requirements... Personnel shall be fully informed of the hazards inherent in the maintenance of electrical and electronic equipment, and shall receive proper instruction in accident prevention, cardio-pulmonary resuscitation (CPR), approved first aid methods, rescue procedures, and fire extinguisher use. 134

135 Other Key SPAWARINST Training Requirements 135

136 Additional Industry Code of Practice Requirements for Electrical Safety National Fire Protection Association NFPA- 70E, Standard for Electrical Safety in the Workplace revised and updated

137 NFPA-70E Electrical Safety in the Workplace 2009 Provides requirements for workers who are or might be exposed to electrical hazards as they provide the essential services of installing, operating, or maintaining electrical equipment. The requirements defined in the body of the standard are intended to be adopted by any employer or agency that desires to improve the protective nature of a safety program. 137

138 NFPA-70E Electrical Safety in the Relationship to NEC Workplace 2009 NEC applies to installations NFPA 70E applies to workplaces Organization Chapt. 1. Safety-Related Work practices Chapt. 2. Safety-Related Maintenance Requirements Chapt. 3. Safety Requirements for Special Equipment 138

139 NFPA-70E Electrical Safety in the Workplace 2009 Annex A: Referenced Publications Annex B: Informational References Annex C: Limits of Approach Annex D: Incident Energy and Flash Protection Boundary Calculation Methods Annex E: Electrical Safety Program Annex F: Hazard/Risk Evaluation Procedure 139

140 NFPA-70E Electrical Safety in the Workplace 2009 Annex G: Sample Lockout/Tagout Procedure Annex H: Simplified, Two-Category, Flame- Resistant (FR) Clothing System Annex I: Job Briefing and Planning Checklist Annex J: Energized Electrical Work Permit Annex K: General Categories of Electrical Hazards 140

141 NFPA-70E Electrical Safety in the Workplace 2009 Annex L: Typical Application of Safeguards in the Cell Line Working Zone Annex M: Layering of Protective Clothing and Total System Arc Rating Annex N: Example Industrial procedures and Policies for Working Near Overhead Electrical lines and Equipment Annex O: Safety-Related Design Requirements 141

142 NFPA-70E Electrical Safety in the Workplace 2009 Article 110 General Requirements for Electrical Safety- Related Work Practices Who is covered? US Civilian Workers Contractor Personnel!!!!! 142

143 NFPA-70E Electrical Safety in the Workplace 2009 Article Relationships with Contractors (Outside Service Personnel, etc) Both NFPA 70E and OSHA standards are applicable to employers Each employer can be the creating, exposing, correcting, or controlling employer A creating employer is the one who caused the hazardous condition to exist. 143

144 NFPA-70E Electrical Safety in the Workplace 2009 Article An exposing employer is one who assigns a work task to workers knowing that a hazardous condition exists or who fails to take reasonable precautions to prevent or avoid the hazardous condition A correcting employer is one who is responsible for correcting the hazardous condition A controlling employer is one who has the authority to correct the hazardous condition 144

145 NFPA-70E Electrical Safety in the Workplace 2009 Article A. Host Employer Responsibilities 1. The host employer shall inform contract employers of: a. Known hazards that are covered by this standard, that are related to the contract employee s work, and that might not be recognized by the contract employer or its employees b. Information about the employer s installation that the contract employer needs to make the assessments required by Chapter 1(requirements follow in this presentation) 145

146 NFPA-70E Electrical Safety in the Workplace 2009 Article The host employer shall report observed contract-employer-related violations of this standard to the contract employee In this instance, the host employer must correct the violation or unsafe condition if imminent risk of injury exists and then report it to the outside employer 146

147 NFPA-70E Electrical Safety in the Workplace 2009 Article In general, a host employer is required to inform the contractor or subcontractor of all hazards to which employees might be exposed when executing the terms and limits of the contract 147

148 NFPA-70E Electrical Safety in the Workplace 2009 Article In some cases, a subcontractor might be more expert at identifying and understanding hazards associated with the contract. However, a host employer is expected to have greater knowledge of general hazards that might exist in a facility 148

149 NFPA-70E Electrical Safety in the Workplace 2009 Article A contractor employer must inform the host employer about the contractor s electrical safety program. If the contractor s employees are expected to execute any unique functions, the host employer must be informed 149

150 NFPA-70E Electrical Safety in the Workplace 2009 Article B. Contract Employer Responsibilities 1. The contract employee shall ensure that each of his or her employees is instructed in the hazards communicated to the contract employer by the host employer. This instruction is in addition to the basic training required by this standard 2. The contract employer shall ensure that each of his or her employees follows the work practices required by this standard and safety-related work rules required by the host employer 150

151 NFPA-70E Electrical Safety in the Workplace 2009 Article The contractor employer is responsible for ensuring that all contract employees assigned to work on the facility follow safety rules and requirements specified by the host employer 151

152 NFPA-70E Electrical Safety in the Workplace 2009 Article The contract employer shall advise the host employer of: a. Any unique hazards presented by the contract employer s work b. Any unanticipated hazards found during the contract employer s work that the host employer did not mention, and c. The measures the contractor took to correct any violations reported by the host employer under paragraph (A)(2) of this section and to prevent such violation from recurring in the future 152

153 NFPA-70E Electrical Safety in the Workplace 2009 Article The outside employer is required to inform the host employer of any conditions that change as a result of the contracted work If the host employer identifies unsafe conditions or hazards for correction, the outside employer must inform the host employer how corrections were made 153

154 TAKE A BREAK 20-MIN PLEASE DANGER! MIL-HDBK-274 not being followed for aircraft electrical safety grounding. This ground point IAW MIL-HDBK-274 MECH Winter

155 NFPA-70E Electrical Safety in the Workplace 2009 Article A. Safety Training Shall apply to employees who face a risk of electrical hazard that is not reduced to a safe level by the applicable electrical installation requirements. Such employees shall be trained to understand the specific hazards associated with electrical energy. 155

156 NFPA-70E Electrical Safety in the Workplace 2009 Article They shall be trained in safety-related work practices and procedural requirements as necessary to provide protection from the electrical hazards associated with their respective job or task assignments. Employees shall be trained to identify and understand the relationship between electrical hazards and possible injury. 156

157 NFPA-70E Electrical Safety in the Workplace 2009 Article Note: A base expectation of Article 110 is that when operating normally, an installation is safe if it meets all of the following conditions: It is installed in accordance with the NEC It has been installed in accordance with the manufacturer s instructions 157

158 NFPA-70E Electrical Safety in the Workplace 2009 Article It has been installed in accordance with any requirements that are mandated by a product listing, and, It is adequately maintained 158

159 NFPA-70E Electrical Safety in the Workplace 2009 Article Each employee who is or might be exposed to an elevated risk of injury by exposure to an electrical hazard must be trained to understand the specific hazards to which he or she might be exposed. To increase understanding, the training should include the following: 159

160 NFPA-70E Electrical Safety in the Workplace 2009 Article What electrical hazards are present in the workplace? How each electrical hazard affects body tissues How to determine the degree of each hazard How to avoid exposure to each hazard 160

161 NFPA-70E Electrical Safety in the Workplace 2009 Article How to minimize risk by body position What PPE is needed for the employee to execute his or her work assignment How to select and inspect PPE What employer-provided procedures, including specific work practices, the employee must implement 161

162 NFPA-70E Electrical Safety in the Workplace 2009 Article How increased duration of exposure to an electrical hazard results in a higher frequency of injuries How to perform a hazard/risk analysis How to determine limited, restricted, and prohibited approach boundaries and recognize that these boundaries are related to protection from exposure to electrical shock and electrocution 162

163 NFPA-70E Electrical Safety in the Workplace 2009 Article The key term in the above section is UNDERSTAND The safety training must include all information and training processes necessary to achieve understanding Workers must understand that avoiding exposure is the only viable means of avoiding injury in event of an incident while the task is being performed 163

164 NFPA-70E Electrical Safety in the Workplace 2009 Article B. Type of Training The training required by this section shall be classroom or on-the-job type, or a combination of the two. The degree of training provided shall be determined by the risk to the employee. Classroom training is effective for some objectives, and on-the-job training (OJT) is effective for others 164

165 NFPA-70E Electrical Safety in the Workplace 2009 Article In most instances, effective training makes use of both training processes. Instructor qualifications are very important. However, because a significant amount of new information is available, mentors also might require training. 165

166 NFPA-70E Electrical Safety in the Workplace 2009 Article C. Emergency Procedures Employees exposed to shock hazards shall be trained in methods of release of victims from contact with exposed energized electrical conductors or circuit parts. Employees shall be regularly instructed in methods of first aid and emergency procedures, such as approved methods of resuscitation, if their duties warrant such training. 166

167 NFPA-70E Electrical Safety in the Workplace 2009 Article C. (continued) Training of employees in approved methods of resuscitation, including cardiopulmonary resuscitation, shall be certified by the employer annually. 167

168 NFPA-70E Electrical Safety in the Workplace 2009 Article D. Employee Training 1) Qualified Person. A qualified person shall be trained and knowledgeable of the construction and operation of equipment or a specific work method and be trained to recognize and avoid the electrical hazards that might be present with respect to that equipment or work method. 168

169 NFPA-70E Electrical Safety in the Workplace 2009 Article a) Such persons shall also be familiar with the proper use of the special precautionary techniques, personal protective equipment, including arc-flash, insulating and shielding materials, and insulated tools and test equipment. A person can be considered qualified with respect to certain equipment and methods but still be unqualified for others. 169

170 NFPA-70E Electrical Safety in the Workplace 2009 Article b) Such persons permitted to work within the Limited Approach Boundary of exposed energized electrical conductors and circuit parts operating at 50 volts or more shall, at a minimum, be additionally trained in all of the following: i. The skills and techniques necessary to distinguish exposed energized electrical conductors and circuit parts from other parts of electrical equipment. 170

171 NFPA-70E Electrical Safety in the Workplace 2009 Article ii. iii. iv. The skills and techniques necessary to determine the nominal voltage of exposed energized electrical conductors and circuit parts. The approach distances specified in Table 130.2(C) and the corresponding voltages to which the qualified person will be exposed. The decision-making process necessary to determine the degree and extent of the hazard and the personal protective equipment and job planning necessary to perform the task safely. 171

172 NFPA-70E Electrical Safety in the Workplace 2009 Article c) An employee who is undergoing on-the-job training and who, in the course of such training, has demonstrated an ability to perform duties safely at his or her level of training and who is under the direct supervision of a qualified person shall be considered to be a qualified person for the performance of those duties. d) Tasks that are performed less often than once per year shall require retraining before the performance of the work practices involved. 172

173 NFPA-70E Electrical Safety in the Workplace 2009 Article e) Employees shall be trained to select an appropriate voltage detector and shall demonstrate how to use a device to verify the absence of voltage, including interpreting indications provided by the device. The training shall include information that enables the employee to understand all limitations of each specific voltage detector that may be used. 173

174 NFPA-70E Electrical Safety in the Workplace 2009 Article For a person to be considered qualified, he or she must have the craft training necessary to be knowledgeable in the construction and operation of the equipment associated with the work task or with the specific work method. 174

175 NFPA-70E Electrical Safety in the Workplace 2009 Article The person must also be trained in the selection or PPE including using the PPE in a dry run to ensure the PPE does not limit the person s dexterity or vision. If the work task involves a circuit with little association with equipment, a qualified person also must be knowledgeable of the circuit. 175

176 NFPA-70E Electrical Safety in the Workplace 2009 Article For a person to be considered qualified, he or she must have received the safety training identified in Sections 110.6(A) and of this standard, in addition to employee training contained in this section. A worker might be considered qualified for one task and unqualified for another. 176

177 NFPA-70E Electrical Safety in the Workplace 2009 Article The safety training must describe how to conduct a hazard/risk analysis Qualified workers must receive training, as necessary, to ensure that they are familiar with requirements defined in the employer s electrical safety program, with NFPA 70E, and with other applicable codes and standards. i.e., UFC

178 NFPA-70E Electrical Safety in the Workplace 2009 Article A qualified worker must recognize and accept his or her personal limitations associated with both skill and knowledge An apprentice or other worker undergoing training to become a qualified person is considered qualified if he or she is under the direct supervision of a qualified person. 178

179 NFPA-70E Electrical Safety in the Workplace 2009 Article A worker who has not performed a work task involved with work on or near an exposed energized electrical conductor or circuit part for one or more years is considered to be unqualified for the task until the worker has been retrained. 179

180 NFPA-70E Electrical Safety in the Workplace 2009 Article ) Unqualified Persons. Unqualified persons shall be trained in and be familiar with any of the electrical safety-related practices that might not be addressed specifically by Chapter 1 but are necessary for their safety. All persons who use electrically operated equipment have some potential exposure to electrical hazards. Employers must ensure that all employees understand where electrical hazards exist. 180

181 NFPA-70E Electrical Safety in the Workplace 2009 Article Potential exposure to electrical hazards varies by job assignment. Workers who are not trained to become qualified persons must be trained to understand how they might be injured from shock/electrocution or arc-flash. Unqualified workers must understand the limits of their work assignment as it relates to electrical hazards. 181

182 NFPA-70E Electrical Safety in the Workplace 2009 Article ) Retraining. An employee shall receive additional training (or retraining) under any of the following conditions: a) If the supervision or annual inspections indicate that the employee is not complying with the safety-related work practices. b) If new technology, new types of equipment, or changes in procedures necessitate the use of safety-related work practices that are different from those that the employee would not normally use. 182

183 NFPA-70E Electrical Safety in the Workplace 2009 Article c) If he or she must employ safety-related work practices that are not normally used during his or her regular job duties. Training must be provided as necessary to ensure that knowledge of the workers, both qualified and unqualified, is up-to-date. Workers who are assigned to a new work position must receive the necessary training associated with the assignment prior to beginning work that s could expose him or her to an electrical hazard. 183

184 NFPA-70E Electrical Safety in the Workplace 2009 Article E. Training Documentation. The employer shall document that each employee has received the training required by paragraph 110.6(D). This documentation shall be made when the employee demonstrates proficiency in the work practices involved and shall be maintained for the duration of the employee s employment. 184

185 NFPA-70E Electrical Safety in the Workplace 2009 Article E. Continued: The documentation shall contain each employee s name and dates of training. FPN: Employment records that indicate that an employee has received the required training are an acceptable means of meeting this requirement. 185

186 NFPA-70E Electrical Safety in the Workplace 2009 Article If hard copy documentation is a normal employer record, then the training documentation could be hard copy. If electronic records are the norm for an employer, then an electronic record is acceptable. However, the record must be available for inspection in some form by a third party. 186

187 Break Time 20 min please 4,160-volt Substation used for storage by contractor East Coast NAS 187