Sensors and systems for mechanical process monitoring Dirk Lange

Transcription

1 Sensors and systems for mechanical process monitoring Dirk Lange

2 APPLICATION FIELDS Processes drilling reaming turning milling gear hobbing tapping grinding cracking turn-turn broaching Advantages higher productivity shorter cycle times detection of faults reduction of rejects tool protection process visualisation process analysis Process monitoring tool breakage missing tools tool wear depth of thread core hole diameter damaged threads collision/overload unbalanced tools Spec. P11TF12. Process optimisation cycle time optimisation maximum tool utilisation process analysis process visualisation Adaptive Control cycle time optimisation maximum tool utilisation prevent tool breakage Systems sensors measuring converter external solutions PC plug-in cards software solutions wireless sensors Service teleservice eservice Condition Monitoring bearing monitoring collision monitoring chip in spindle axes monitoring sluggishness TCO LCC

3 SCALEABLE MONITORING SOLUTIONS Diagnosis Systems Service and Application Sensors Software Tools Datalogger Plug-in Boards Strategies and Interfaces Modular Systems

4 PRODUCTS / APPLICATION FIELDS Part damage after fly cycles 2 people died Crack because of the overheating during the drilling of the fan wheel Source:

5 CHARACTERISTICS IN CUTTINGS PROCESSES Input parameter Machining parameters - feed - cutting speed - cutting depth -... Process System transmission behavior (mechanical, thermal) Output parameter Workpiece quality - Geometry (micro and macrogeometry) - physical properties System variables - machine tool - tool - workpiece - auxiliary materials Disturbances - internal (motor heat, spindle vibration) - external (room temperature, floor vibrations Process parameters - forces - temperatures - torque - acoustic emission - rattle frequencies - wear -... Source: Condition of auxiliary materials (physically, chemically) - coolant - process remains (chips,...) Tool wear - geometrically (macro und micro wear) - physically, chemically (diffusion,...)

6 SENSORS IN MACHINE TOOL AND REQUIREMENTS Requirements Measure the physical quantity Reproducible measures Robust against disturbances Robust against dust, coolant, water, temperature Low thermal drift Cheap Easy to install Calibrated Robust cabling (trailed) No dual use EMC proofed CE certifed

7 Deviations in Tapping Processes No error Tool wear Tool breakage Deviations in Depth of Thread No drilling Borehole to small Borehole to big Torn out threads

8 Wireless Sensor System for Monitoring Strain gauges Electronic

9 Wireless Sensor System Application Examples

10 Wireless Sensor System Idea of DDU Wisy Power Field coils Antenna Spindle DDU-WiSy module Power supply CTM-Card Workpiece Tool Tool holder with sensors and transmit / receive electronic User panel of control

11 Wireless Acoustic Emission Sensor - AE-WiSy Working space machine tool Radio electronic Connec. Antenna Antennamodul Sensor (Piezo) Elektronic/ microcontr. Connec. Stator Stator AE-Sensor Internal Accu - Internal battery - External battery up to 2 weeks - Frequency 868MHz - 10 channels - Integrated AE-Sensor

12 Wireless Sensor System Idea of AE Wisy

13 Strain Gauge Sensors Feed Force Plate - Sensor Feed Force Ring - Sensor Vout: ±10 VDC Fx,z Fz Typical Values: 1-2 axis plates, x,z direction Nominal Force: 10kN to 100 kn Typical Sensitivity: S 0,2mV/V Dimensions: 350mm x 500mm max. Stiffness about 20µm/nominal load Wheatstone bridge Preamplifier Typical Values: Nominal Force: 0,5kN up to 350kN Typ. Sensitivity: S 0,8 mv/v to 1mV/V Dimensions: 20mm additional to bearing diameter Stiffness about 20µm/nominal load

14 Feed Force Ring - Sensor TOOL & PROCESS Monitoring Strain Gauge Sensors Strain gauge Fz

15 Strain Gauge Sensors Feed Force Plate - Sensor Strain gauge rosette Fx,z Fx,z Center fixed in top plate Body of strain gauge rosette fixed to baseplate Fx,z

16 FLOW SENSOR FOR TOOL MONITORING CTM V5 fluid sensor

17 FORCE PROBE FOR PLANING MONITORING F Monitoring system CTM >>> DDU-4 with tool holders Advantages >>> monitoring of planing processes >>> measuring of planing forces >>> monitoring of infeed Stator for energy supply Measurement converter User panel with monitoring system Process Visualisation

18 RESISTOR MONITOR FOR SMALL DRILL MONITORING Spindle in isolated housing 1 kω + 15V Tool Workpiece 100 Ω Workpiece holder Machine ground

19 Integration of a Monitoring System Machine Tool Operator Panel Visu Process Control PLC/CC Sensor(s) Drives Spindle Measuring Converter Components of a Monitoring System Monitoring CPU Data base Machine Interface HMI Interface

20 Integration of a Monitoring System PLC interface PLC -> Monitoring system Spindle 1 DWord X1 axis DWord Y1 axis DWord Z1 axis DWord Spindle 2 DWord X2 axis DWord Y2 axis DWord Y2 axis Program Number Word T-Number Word Supplementary number Word T-Number for status Word Program active Learn Machine reset + clear alarm Alarm incorrect Machining active Reworking Wear active AC active Thread active Clear Learning using tool settings Tool change Tool wear Tool clear Tool position Word Monitoring system -> PLC System status Word Break alarm Wear alarm Missing alarm Break Level 0 (no monitoring) Break Level 1 (not sharp) Break Level 2 (sharp) Alarm disabled Acknowledgement machining active AC active Wear active AC control output Word

21 Self learning Monitoring System GENIOR MODULAR - GEM SIEMENS SINUMERIK OPTIONAL 840D sl PCU externes external NC/PLC 840D sl TCU Medium medium zur for sonstige other Daten- data analysis Anzeigen displays Auswertung DP NET USB CPU-Modul module Sensor-Module sensor module IN-RAIL-BUS VERBINDER CONNECTOR für: for: Versorgungs- supply voltage spannung of the modules 24 V Sensorbus 24 V DC Sensorbus USB Ethernet Profibus Sensor sensor 2 Sensor sensor 1 CPU 24 V DC

22 Self learning Monitoring System GENIOR MODULAR - GEM

23 Self learning Monitoring System GENIOR MODULAR - GEM Nm upper limit torque or other physical variables lower limit automatic setting of the limits on the history of differrent metal cutting processes limits are set Time / Position s if the process is constant, so is the quality of the workpieces manual corrections are possible

24 Rapid integration and automatic configuration - GEM Y-axis C1-spindle monitoring of the axes is automatically configured Z-axis S3-spindle rapid involvment and integration into the PLC program of the machine tool X-axis examples of monitoring of several axis and spindles time s

25 Adaptive Control - GEM Nm t AC control defines the optimal load-dependent force at the cutting edge power or torque Or feed force shortening of cycle times (or other physical variables) time s

26 Adaptive Control Example for Potenzial Example: Honsberg, Hyundai, Korea, CTM, Siemens 840D NO TOOL NO. DISCRIPTION RPM/FEED TOOL LIFE(EA) Before After A.C A.C Cycle time(sec) Before After A.C A.C Reduce time E/MILL 3503/ E/MILL 1497/ /23.4 DRILL 940/ DRILL/R/M 500/313/ DRILL DP / S/DRILL 3419/ ,5 1, M8*1.25 TAP 1400/ / DRILL DP / ,5 7, M6*1.0 TAP 1000/ DRILL DP / /22.8 BOR'G 1196/478, ,5 16 1, DRILL 800/ ,5 6, BOR'G 3100/ /22 BOR'G 1202/577/ ,5 11 1, DRILL 2495/ ,5 5,8 0, E/MILL 1158/ DRILL 2215/ /9 S/DRILL 3640/ ,5 1, /10.5 S/DRILL 2730/ M8*1.0 TAP 1100/ DR DP / M10*1.5 TAP 955/ BOR'G 300/ ,5 11, MILL'G CUT 500/ ,8 10,4 1, /58/65 MILL'G 300/120, BOR'G 1800/ R/BOR'G 600/288 5,8 5,3 0, /40 BOR'G 524/ ,5 1, F/BOR'G 600/192 7,8 7 0,8 WORKING TIME OF ARTIS 498,4 445,5 52,9 Remark 7% ACTUAL TOTAL CYCLE TIME ,9 6,98%

27 GEM OA GEM Open Architecture

28 Process data analysation and visualisation Battery tool holder (now up to 8h measuring time) Torque Feed Force Bending True Power Acoustic Emission Vibrations Torque Forces Suitcase for process diagnosis * *

29 PRODUCT LINE & APPLICATIONS REQUIREMENTS AND TRENDS FOR THE FUTURE Intelligent Sensors Small Sensors Wireless Sensors (Energy Harvesting) Sensors with Bus Systems Monitoring Strategies for Single Part Monitoring Multi Signal Strategies Strategies for Process Documentation Cloud Monitoring Integration in CAD CAM Systems

30 Breakage Example Video

31 Process data analysation and visualisation THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENION! Grazie per la vostra attenzione!