BUILDING CODE OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. New York City Department of Buildings 4 June 2007

Transcription

1 BUILDING CODE OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK New York City Department of Buildings 4 June 2007 Fatma Amer, PE, Deputy Commissioner, Technical Affairs James Colgate, RA, Executive Architect John Lee, RA Keith Wen, RA Gus Sirakis, PE 1

2 Chapter 3 Use & Occupancy Classifications Chapter 4 Special Detailed Requirements based on Use and Occupancy Chapter 5 General Heights and Areas Chapter 6 Types of Construction 9

3 Chapter 3 Use and Occupancy Classification A A-1 A-2 A-3 A-4 A-5 B E F F-1 F-2 H H-1 H-2 H-3 H-4 H-5 Assembly: Groups A-1, A-2, A-3, A-4, and A-5 with fixed seating, intended for production and viewing of the performance arts or motion pictures. food and/or drink consumption. worship, recreation or amusement (physically active), and other assembly uses not classified elsewhere in Group A. indoor sporting events with spectator seating. participation in or viewing outdoor activities. Business: office, professional, service-type transaction, public or civic services. Educational: 5 or more persons at any time for educational purposes. Factory and industrial: Groups F-1 and F-2 moderate-hazard. involve non-combustible, non-flammable materials, or low-hazardous production. High Hazard: Groups H-1, H-2, H-3, H-4, and H-5 materials that present a detonation hazard. uses present a deflagration hazard or a hazard from accelerated burning. materials that readily support combustion or present a physical hazard. materials that are health hazards. semiconductor fabrication facilities using hazardous production materials (HPM) in excess of the permitted aggregate quantity. F F-1a F-4 F-3,F-1b, F- 4 F-1b F-2 E G D D-1 D-2 A A A A none D-1 10

4 Chapter 3 Use and Occupancy Classification I I-1 I-2 I-3 I-4 Institutional: Groups I-1, I-2, I-3, and I-4 housing persons, on a 24-hour basis, capable of self-preservation and responding to an emergency situation without physical assistance from staff. medical, surgical, nursing or custodial care, on a 24-hour basis, of more than 3 persons, who are not capable of self-preservation or responding to an emergency situation without physical assistance from staff. more than 5 persons who are detained under restraint or security reason. day care facilities, occupied by persons of any age who receive custodial care (without overnight) by individuals other than parents, guardians, or relatives in a place other than at the home. H, J-2 J-2? H-2 H-1 H-2 M R R-1 R-2 R-3 S S-1 S-2 U Mercantile: display and sale of merchandise. Residential: Groups R-1, R-2, and R-3 occupied transiently (for less than one month). more than 2 dwelling units on a long term basis (for a month or more). not more than 2 apartments on a long term basis (for a month or more). Storage: Groups S-1, and S-2 moderate-hazard storage occupancy for any flammable or combustible materials. low-hazard storage occupancy for non-combustible materials. Utility and Miscellaneous: structures of an accessory character, or not classified in any specific occupancy. C J J-1 J-2 J-3 B B-1 B-2 K 11

5 Chapter 3 Use and Occupancy Classifications Fire ratings of separations for some occupancies are permitted to be reduced by one hour in fully sprinklered buildings. Assembly spaces occupied by fewer than 75 persons are classified as Group B (business), not A. Educational uses for adults beyond the 12th grade, including universities, are classified as Group B (Business), not E. Non-production chemical laboratories are classified as Group B (Business), not as industrial/factory. Student Dormitories are classified as Group R-1, not R-2. New concept of Student Apartments (Group R-2) introduced. 12

6 Chapter 3 Use and Occupancy Classifications Incidental Use Areas Incidental to the main occupancy List of specific uses on Table which provides required separation in hours Accessory Use Areas Generally, spaces accessory to the main occupancy that do not exceed 10% of the floor area, and certain assembly occupancies, will not require separation Otherwise treated as a mixed occupancy Mixed occupancies Required separations provided in Table For most occupancies, the required separations may be reduced by 1 hour, but not less than that required for the floor and not less than 1 hour, whichever is higher Different tenants must be separated by fire barriers having a minimum of 1 hour fire-resistance rating 13

7 Chapter 3 Use and Occupancy Classifications 14

8 Chapter 3 Use and Occupancy Classifications 15

9 Chapter 4 Special Requirements Based on Use and Occupancy COVERED MALL BUILDINGS (Section 402) Fire-resistance-rated separation between tenants not required in sprinklered covered mall buildings Smoke control systems required in covered mall buildings HIGH-RISE BUILDINGS (Section 403) High-rise buildings defined as having occupied floors located more than 75 feet above the lowest level of fire department vehicle access (no longer measured to the roof) LL 26/04 Elevator lobbies required in high-rise buildings when elevators open onto a fire-resistance-rated corridor Emergency power and one-way voice communications required for high-rise R-2 buildings Smokeproof enclosures required in high-rise buildings 16

10 Chapter 4 Special Requirements Based on Use and Occupancy ATRIUMS (Section 404) Defined as connecting 3 or more stories Smoke control systems required in atriums Under some conditions, 100% of occupants may travel through an atrium to satisfy means of egress requirements instead of current code s 50% PARKING GARAGES (Section 406) Commercial vehicles, buses, and trucks prohibited in open parking garages Larger floor areas will be permitted for parking garages 17

11 Chapter 5 General Buildings Heights and Areas Proposed Code Table 503 indicates height and area limitations for unsprinklered buildings Height increases for sprinklered buildings based on a factor, usually additional 20 feet in height and 1 additional story Area increases for sprinklered buildings based on a factor, usually additional 200% for multistory buildings and 300% for single story buildings continued 19

12 Chapter 5 General Buildings Heights and Areas Area decreases for buildings greater than 3 stories in height Unlimited area provisions for certain buildings when fully sprinklered Formulary provided for frontage increases Special regulations for separation distances greater than 60 feet 20

13 Chapter 5 General Buildings Heights and Areas Basement and cellar defined as per the current code Basements that meet certain restrictions do not need to be included in the total allowable floor area Mezzanines defined to be between the floor and ceiling of the story Mezzanines will no longer contribute to a building s maximum area limits, only to its fire area Mezzanines within dwelling units are limited to 1/3 of the net floor area of the dwelling unit as per the current code and current practice Garages located below certain occupancies may be considered separate buildings in terms of total building area, thus allowing larger buildings within a property s total building area limits 21

14 Chapter 5 General Buildings Heights and Areas Example 22

15 Chapter 6 Types of Construction Elimination of the current code s construction class I-A, 4-hour non-combustible construction Proposed Code construction type Type IA Type IB Type IIA Type IIB Type IIIA Type IIIB Type IV Type VA Type VB Equivalent current code construction class Class I-B Class I-C Class I-D Class I-E Class II-B Class II-C Class II-A Class II-D Class II-E 23

16 Chapter 6 Types of Construction 24

17 Chapter 6 Types of Construction Combustible Materials in Type I and II Construction. specific instances where combustible materials are permitted in buildings of noncombustible construction foam plastics for thermal and acoustical insulation combustible components of show windows not over 15 feet above grade combustible material as a component of interior partitions in buildings occupied by a single tenant, provided that the partitions do not establish a corridor serving an occupant load of 30 or more. platforms and stages exterior wall coverings, blocking for handrails, millwork and trim combustible mastics and caulking materials combustible nailing or furring strips heavy timber permitted to be installed as roof construction components and as exterior structural elements sprayed fire-resistant-rated materials protection of penetrations in fire-resistant-rated assemblies protection of joints in fire-resistant-rated assemblies combustible materials, such as combustible piping, in concealed spaces combustible materials exposed within plenums nonmetallic ducts combustible piping materials 25

18 Chapter 7 Fire-Resistance-Rated Construction Chapter 9 Fire Protection Systems 26

19 Chapter 7 Fire-Resistance Rated Construction Exterior walls (Section 704) Table prescribes the area limitations, as a percentage of exterior wall area, for both unprotected and protected openings, based upon separation distances, irrespective of construction class. Compare to current code Table 3-4 Table permits unprotected openings within separation distance of 15 feet current code permits the equivalent only for construction classes II-D and II-E 27

20 Chapter 7 Fire-Resistance Rated Construction Exterior walls (Section 704) Both protected and unprotected openings are permitted within the same exterior wall, limited in area through a formulary (Equation 7-2) the amount of unprotected openings in exterior walls is permitted to equal the permitted amount of protected openings in fully sprinklered buildings fully spriiklered buildings are not required to provide vertical separation of openings 28

21 Chapter 7 Fire-Resistance Rated Construction Elements of Fire and Smoke Separation Fire Separation of Occupied Spaces FIRE WALL FIRE BARRIER FIRE PARTITION Fire Separation of Concealed Spaces FIRESTOPPING FIREBLOCKING DRAFT STOP Smoke Separation of Spaces SMOKE BARRIER SMOKE PARTITION 29

22 Chapter 7 Fire-Resistance Rated Construction Fire separation of occupied spaces FIRE WALL (Section 705) A fire resistance rated wall, with protected openings, extending continuously from the foundation through or to a roof assembly Each portion of a building separated by fire walls shall be considered a separate building. Similar to current code definition of FIRE DIVISION 30

23 Chapter 7 Fire-Resistance Rated Construction Fire separation of occupied spaces FIRE BARRIER (Section 706) A fire resistance rated horizontal or vertical assembly with protected openings. A fire barrier wall must extend from the floor below, through any concealed spaces, to the underside of the floor or roof slab above. 31

24 Chapter 7 Fire-Resistance Rated Construction Fire separation of occupied spaces FIRE PARTITION (Section 708) A 1 hour fire-resistance-rated vertical assembly with protected openings. A fire partition need not extend through any concealed spaces provided that the partition intersects a fire-rated ceiling assembly and the concealed space is fire blocked or draft stopped at the partition line 32

25 Chapter 7 Fire-Resistance Rated Construction Separation of concealed spaces (Section 717) FIRESTOPPING A fire-resistance-rated assembly of materials installed to resist the free passage of flame or hot gases generally applied to penetrations of fire-resistance rated construction (Section 712) FIREBLOCKING An assembly of materials installed to resist the free passage of flame or hot gases. Not necessarily required to be fire-resistance rated DRAFT STOP An assembly of materials installed to resist the free passage of air in concealed spaces. Not required to be fire-resistance rated 33

26 Chapter 7 Fire-Resistance Rated Construction Smoke separation of occupied spaces SMOKE BARRIER (Section 709) A 1 hour fire-resistance-rated membrane, either vertical or horizontal, designed to restrict the movement of smoke. Generally permitted only in special Institutional occupancies SMOKE PARTITION (Section 710) A vertical membrane designed to restrict the movement of smoke. Not necessarily required to be fire-resistance rated Generally permitted only in corridors in special Institutional occupancies 34

27 Chapter 7 Fire-Resistance Rated Construction Shaft enclosures (Section 707) shaft enclosure materials as permitted by the building type of construction, except in Groups I-1, R-1 and R-2 buildings which require shafts of noncombustible materials. The current code requires noncombustible materials for shaft enclosures in almost every instance, except in Class II-E construction. 2-hour fire-resistance rating required, or 1 hour if connecting fewer than 4 stories Shaft enclosures of refuse and laundry chutes must be 2- hour fire-resistance-rated, with no additional requirements for materials or construction type 35

28 Chapter 9 Fire Protection Systems Automatic Sprinkler Systems Provides the thresholds at which entire buildings must be sprinklered, based upon occupancy Provides the thresholds at which fire areas must be sprinklered, based upon occupancy Other criteria include building height and levels below grade Requirements for alternative fire extinguishing systems Standpipe and Hose Systems References NFPA 14 with modifications for very tall buildings Fire Alarm and Detection Systems Provides the installation requirements for manual and automatic fire alarm systems based upon occupancy 36

29 Chapter 9 Fire Protection Systems Automatic Sprinkler Systems (Section 903) References NFPA 13, 13R, and 13D, as modified for New York City in Appendix Q Organized by Occupancy Group and establishes the conditions that require installation of an automatic sprinkler system, based upon occupant load number of stories above the lowest level of fire department vehicle access fire area building area this section expands the requirement for automatic sprinkler systems to more occupancies continued 37

30 Chapter 9 Fire Protection Systems Automatic Sprinkler Systems (Section 903) All residential occupancies are required to install an automatic sprinkler system, with exception for one- and twofamily homes and townhouses 3 stories or less in height Detached 1- or 2-family: sprinklers required when more than 3 stories Attached 1-family: sprinklers required when more than 3 stories Attached 2-family: sprinklers required regardless of number of stories Any building with a floor located 55 feet above the lowest level of fire department vehicle access, and occupied by more than 30 persons, requires an automatic sprinkler system High rise buildings are required to provide a secondary onsite water supply equal to the hydraulically calculated sprinkler demand 38

31 Chapter 9 Fire Protection Systems Alternative Automatic Fire Extinguishing Systems (Section 904) References the Fire Code for most non-water systems Commercial cooking systems are required to be protected by carbon dioxide extinguishing systems or wet-chemical extinguishing systems 39

32 Chapter 9 Fire Protection Systems Standpipe Systems (Section 905) References NFPA 14, as modified for NYC in Appendix Q The modifications to NFPA 14 differs from the current code for very tall buildings Manual fire pump not required Redundant automatic and gravity fed water supplies Larger tank sizes for on site storage of water for fire fighting purposes Dedicated high pressure siamese riser Zoned System Combined standpipe systems permitted in all installations 40

33 Chapter 9 Fire Protection Systems Fire Alarm Systems (Section 907) References NFPA 72, as modified for NYC in Appendix Q Organized by Occupancy Group and establishes the conditions that require installation of an automatic and manual fire alarm system, based upon occupant load fire area building area This section expands the requirement for fire alarm systems to more occupancies Mechanical and electrical equipment rooms of any size are required to be equipped with smoke detectors Exception for R-2 occupancy which permits up to 75 square feet without smoke detectors continued 41

34 Chapter 9 Fire Protection Systems Fire Alarm Systems (Section 907) Student dormitories are classified as R-1 (equivalent to J-1) and, therefore, must comply with the fire alarm system requirements for R-1 Student apartments classified as R-2 require fire alarm systems greater in scope than that required for all other R-2 occupancies Smoke alarm and CO alarm requirements within dwelling units Required within each room used for sleeping purposes Required outside of sleeping rooms, within 15 feet Required one on each floor Must be interconnected to each other Must draw primary power from the building supply continued 42

35 Chapter 9 Fire Protection Systems Fire Alarm Systems (Section 907) High rise buildings in all occupancies, except I-1, I-2 and R-2, are required to be equipped with a two-way voice communication system Group R-2 is required to provide a one-way voice communication system between the fire command center and each dwelling unit and vertical exit 43

36 Chapter 9 Fire Protection Systems Smoke Control Systems (Section 909) Smoke control across smoke barriers by mechanical and passive means Smokeproof enclosures in high-rise buildings consisting of an enclosed interior exit stairways, each provided with one of the following: An open exterior balcony A naturally ventilated vestibule (2 hr rated) A mechanically ventilated vestibule (2 hr rated) Pressurization within the stairway Post-fire Smoke Purge Systems (Section 912) Similar to current code, except R-2 occupancies are not required to provide a smoke purge system if the building is provided with smokeproof enclosures 44

37 Chapter 10 Means of Egress Chapter 11 Accessibility 45

38 Chapter 10 Means of Egress Means of Egress: from any occupied portion of a building or structure to a public way Three components of Means of Egress: 1. Exit access Begins at the furthest occupied point in a room and ends at the entrance to an exit 2. Exit Provides a protected path of egress travel between the exit access and exit discharge 3. Exit discharge The portion between the exit termination and a public way 46

39 Chapter 10 Means of Egress Exit access Begins at the furthest occupied point in a room and ends at the entrance to an exit The travel distance is regulated 47

40 Chapter 10 Means of Egress Exit Provides a protected path of egress travel between the exit access and exit discharge Travel distance is generally not an issue within an exit 48

41 Chapter 10 Means of Egress Exit discharge The portion between the exit termination and a public way Travel distance is not limited at and beyond the exit discharge 49

42 Chapter 10 Means of Egress Gross square feet vs. Net square feet 50

43 Chapter 10 Means of Egress Resulting figure cannot be less than that required elsewhere in the code 51

44 Chapter 10 Means of Egress Accessible means of egress At least one accessible means of egress must be provided to accessible spaces Where two or more means of egress are required from a space or floor, at least two accessible means of egress are required In high-rise buildings, at least one means of egress must be an elevator with emergency power Area of rescue assistance is required in non-sprinklered buildings and must provide direct access to either an exit stairway (per & ) or an elevator (per ) 52

45 Chapter 10 Means of Egress Area of rescue assistance within an exit enclosure: 53

46 Chapter 10 Means of Egress Area of rescue assistance adjacent to an exit enclosure: AREA OF RESCUE ASSISTANCE 54

47 Chapter 10 Means of Egress Area of rescue assistance within an elevator lobby: AREA OF RESCUE ASSISTANCE AREA OF RESCUE ASSISTANCE AREA OF RESCUE ASSISTANCE 55

48 Chapter 10 Means of Egress Stairway width Generally requires minimum 44 of width 36 wide stairs are acceptable for stairways that serve a very small occupant load (i.e. 50 persons cumulative for all stories) However, 48 stairs may be required per Section 1107 unless the building is sprinklered 36 wide stairs are also acceptable in R-2 occupancies if not more than 125 feet high and each stairway serve not more than 30 occupants per floor 56

49 Chapter 10 Means of Egress Treads and Risers 7 max. Risers 11 min. Treads Exceptions for R-2 dwelling units and R-3 residential 57

50 Chapter 10 Means of Egress Emergency Escape and Rescue in All Group R Occupancies: At least one exterior emergency escape and rescue opening is required in sleeping rooms below the 4th story above grade plane and below grade stories Dimensions: 6 square feet net clear opening, min. 30 high X min. 24 wide The resulting dimension must be at least 6 SF 58

51 Chapter 10 Means of Egress Corridor An enclosed exit access component that defines and provides a path of egress travel to an exit Can be either interior or public 59

52 Chapter 10 Means of Egress Interior Corridor Serves only one tenant In Group E occupancy, corridor serving one institution is considered Interior Corridor Constructed as a fire partition for fireresistance rating 60

53 Chapter 10 Means of Egress 61

54 Chapter 10 Means of Egress Public Corridor Serves more than one tenant Constructed as a fire barrier for fire-resistance rating 62

55 Chapter 16 Structural Design Structural Integrity Key Element Analysis Key Element Analysis required for: Buildings more than 600 feet (183 m) tall or more than 1,000,000 square feet ( m 2 ) Essential Facilities larger than 50,000 square feet (4645 m 2 ) Building with an Aspect Ratio greater than 7 Buildings taller than 7 stories where one structural member supports more than 15% of the aggregate building area Buildings designed using non-linear time history analysis or utilizing special seismic energy dissipation systems (Base Isolation or Dampers) Structural Peer Review by a qualified independent structural engineer also required Section

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