EFCOG Best Practice #213

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1 EFCOG Best Practice #13 Facility: DOE Complex Best Practice Title: Adoption of NFPA in place of NFPA Point of Contact: Michael Hicks NE-ID, , John McAlhaney SRS, , Andrew Drutel SRS, , Brief Description of Best Practice: NFPA is recommended for approval across the DOE Complex as an upgrade to NFPA in 10 CFR 851 Worker Safety and Health Plans (WSHP). Why the best practice was used: 10 CFR 851 lists safety and health consensus standards with which the contractor must comply when applicable with site hazards (851.3). Only the versions of consensus standards that were in effect on January 17, 018 were promulgated pursuant to rulemaking therefore only those specifically cited versions are required by the Rule. Contractors may include successor versions of the consensus standards that provide equal or greater worker protection if included in their DOE-approved worker safety and health program. What are the benefits of the best practice: The use of NFPA is at least as protective as the 014 edition, and even more protective in some areas, such that the new edition should be considered for DOE Complex wide acceptance. NFPA is recommended for approval across the DOE Complex as an upgrade to NFPA What problems/issues were associated with the best practice: There were no issues associated with this gap analysis. Adoption of the 017 Edition of NFPA 70 provides a level of protection As Safe or Safer than the 014 version. How the success of the Best Practice was measured: N/A Description of process experience using the Best Practice: At the time this analysis was performed, process experience did not exist..

2 Date: June 0, 018 Code/Standard Title: NFPA 70 National Electrical Code CODE/STANDARD EVALUATION TITLE: Technical Evaluation of the Changes in NFPA 70 between 014 and 017 Editions Note: National Fire Protection Association, NFPA, NFPA 70, National Electrical Code, NEC, National Electrical Safety Code, NESC are registered trademarks of the National Fire Protection Association, Quincy, MA.

3 NFPA edition vs 017 edition 1. DESCRIPTION The purpose of this evaluation is to document the acceptability of the changes introduced in 017 edition of NFPA 70 as compared to the 014 edition and to identify and evaluate the impact of the changes to the safety and health of workers. The following revisions are not included in the Comparison Table (Attachment #3): the sections of the NEC that deal strictly with residential systems, health care installations, or systems not in use at industrial facilities, majority of editorial or usability changes, clarifications, relocations, additions of definitions, rearrangement of sections and related cross-reference revisions, or changes related to bringing the code into alignment with the NEC Style Manual, changes adding a requirement for a particular type of equipment or material to be listed, changes to voltage level applicability from 600 V to 1000 V (consistent with the changes introduced in 014 edition of the NEC), changes to cross-references to other Sections, references to national consensus standards or updating edition dates. Articles with no changes or with changes falling into one of the above categories are not listed. No Informational Notes and no Informative Annexes were evaluated as they are not part of the Code text and have no enforceable meaning.. TECHNICAL JUSTIFICATION The attached comparison was prepared by Andrew Drutel and reviewed by Jackie McAlhaney. The review identified no detrimental impacts to worker safety and health and concluded that the use of the 017 edition of NFPA 70 is as protective to the worker as the 014 edition. Attachment #3 to this document provides comparisons of changes that were made to 014 edition of NEC in 017 edition of the code. Each line item listed in the Comparison Table has been reviewed and rated for the impact on worker safety. A rating of 1 (editorial), (technical improvement), or 3 (potential safety consequence) has been assigned for each item. Any item with a ranking of 3 requires additional justification. Examples of the three ratings are provided below. 1. Editorial Change No impact to worker health or safety Example: Adding a metrication reference.. Technical Improvement Addition, enhancement, or change in methodology or acceptance criteria that does not degrade worker safety when compared to the previous edition. Example: Adding requirements for equipment grounding for lighting switches supplied by a general-purpose branch circuit. Page of 60

4 NFPA edition vs 017 edition 3. Potential Safety Consequence Changes or revisions that potentially make the electrical installation less robust and could affect personnel safety. A ranking of 3 requires additional justification or further action. Example: Change in an overcurrent protection of a conductor or equipment which could result in reduced margin of safety. As demonstrated in Attachment #3, there have been no changes made to the NFPA 70, National Electrical Code in the 017 Edition that could present adverse impact to worker health or safety (rated 3, as described above). Furthermore, the provisions of the 017 edition are at least as protective as the 014 edition of the code. 3. REFERENCES CFR 851, Worker Safety and Health Program. ANSI/IEEE C, National Electrical Safety Code 3. ANSI/UL 73, Standard for Safety Test for Surface Burning Characteristics of Building Materials 4. ANSI/UL 1863, Standard for Safety Communications-Circuit Accessories 5. ASME A17.1/B44, Safety Code for Elevators and Escalators Includes Requirements for Elevators, Escalators, Dumbwaiters, Moving Walks, Material Lifts, and Dumbwaiters with Automatic Transfer Devices 6. ASTM E84, Standard Test Method for Surface Burning Characteristics of Building Materials 7. IEEE 841, Premium- Efficiency, Severe-Duty, Totally Enclosed Fan-Cooled (TEFC) Squirrel Cage Induction Motors Up to and Including 370 kw (500 hp) 8. NFPA 0, Standard for Installation of Stationary Pumps for Fire Protection 9. NFPA 30A, Code for Motor Fuel Dispensing Facilities and Repair Garages 10. NFPA 70, National Electrical Code (014 and 017 editions) 11. NFPA 7, National Fire Alarm and Signaling Code 1. NFPA 75, Standard for the Fire Protection of Information Technology Equipment 13. NFPA 90A, Standard for the Installation of Air-Conditioning and Ventilating Systems 14. NFPA 6, Standard Method of Test for Flame Travel and Smoke of Wires and Cables for Use in Air-Handling Spaces 15. NFPA 780, Standard for the Installation of Lightning Protection Systems 16. NEMA VE-1, Metal Cable Tray Systems 17. UL 67, Standard for Safety Panelboards 18. UL 797, Standard for Safety Electrical Metallic Tubing Steel 19. UL 891, Standard for Safety Switchboards 0. UL 943C, Outline of Investigation for Special Purpose Ground-Fault Circuit-Interrupters Issue 1. UL 1008, Standard for Safety Transfer Switch Equipment. UL 1660, Standard for Safety Liquid-Tight Flexible Conduit Page 3 of 60

5 NFPA edition vs 017 edition 4. GENERAL NOTES 1. The Comparison Table (Attachment #3) does not represent all changes potentially having impact on future installations. Refer to the NEC for the full extent of the changes introduced in this new edition of the code.. In some cases, text of a particular revised section was truncated, capturing only portion of the text relevant to a particular change. New Articles or Articles rearranged in their entirety are not copied in the Comparison Table. 3. The following Tentative Interim Amendments were considered in this evaluation: TIA 17-1, TIA 17-, TIA 17-3, TIA 17-4, TIA 17-5, and TIA The following Errata were considered in this evaluation: Errata , Errata , Errata , and Errata ATTACHMENTS 1. , Freiter (NFPA) to Drutel, dated October 6, 017. Letter, Berry (NFPA) to Drutel, dated October 6, Comparison Table Page 4 of 60

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13 I. General Examination, Identification, Installation, and Use of Equipment. NFPA edition vs 017 edition Note: Reprinted with the permission from NFPA and NFPA , National Electrical Code, Copyright 013 and 016, respectively, National Fire Protection Association, Quincy, MA. The material contained herein is not the complete and official position of the NFPA on the referenced subject, which is represented only by the standard in its entirety. 014 NEC 017 NEC Article 110 Requirements For Electrical Installations Part I. General Examination, Identification, Installation, Use, and Listing (Product Certification) of The new section (C) Listing, provides clarification about requirements for listing Equipment. (product certification) being accomplished by qualified electrical testing laboratories and (C) Listing. Product testing, evaluation, and listing (product certification) shall be performed that the product testing and certification process is in accordance with appropriate by recognized qualified electrical testing laboratories and shall be in accordance with applicable product standards. Product listing (certification) is the most common basis for AHJ product standards recognized as achieving equivalent and effective safety for equipment approvals and the product listing must meet or exceed the minimum product safety installed to comply with this Code. requirements developed by recognized standards development organizations. I. General Electrical Connections. I. General Arc-Flash Hazard Warning. Part I. General Electrical Connections. (D) Installation. Where a tightening torque is indicated as a numeric value on equipment or in installation instructions provided by the manufacturer, a calibrated torque tool shall be used to achieve the indicated torque value, unless the equipment manufacturer has provided installation instructions for an alternative method of achieving the required torque. Part I. General Arc-Flash Hazard Warning. (B) Service Equipment. In other than dwelling units, in addition to the requirements in (A), a permanent label shall be field or factory applied to service equipment rated 100 amps or more. The label shall meet the requirements of 110.1(B) and contain the following information: (1) Nominal system voltage () Available fault current at the service overcurrent protective devices (3) The clearing time of service overcurrent protective devices based on the available fault current at the service equipment (4) The date the label was applied Exception: Service equipment labeling shall not be required if an arc flash label is applied in accordance with acceptable industry practice. Use of proper torque tools is essential to verify that terminations are properly made and the equipment will function properly throughout its life cycle. Testing has shown that installers use the wrong torque values in up to 75% of installations unless a torque measuring tool is used. This revision recognizes the scope of both NEC and NFPA 70E and adds these installation-related requirements into a new (B) Service Equipment. This new section is limited to service equipment rather than a broader application. The information necessary to comply with the additional marking on service equipment is obtainable at or before the time of installation. I. General Marking. (A) Manufacturer s Markings. Part I. General Marking. (A) Equipment Markings. () Reconditioned Equipment. Reconditioned equipment shall be marked with the name, trademark, or other descriptive marking by which the organization responsible for reconditioning the electrical equipment can be identified, along with the date of the reconditioning. Reconditioned equipment shall be identified as reconditioned and approval of the reconditioned equipment shall not be based solely on the equipment s original listing. Exception: In industrial occupancies, where conditions of maintenance and supervision ensure that only qualified persons service the equipment, the markings indicated in 110.1(A)() shall not be required. The title of 110.1(A) was changed to Equipment Markings since the section is no longer limited to manufacturers marking. New 110.1(A)() provides additional value to manufacturers, owners and authorities having jurisdiction. It provides traceability and information related to reconditioned equipment. Page 1 of 60

14 NFPA edition vs 017 edition II. 600 Volts, Nominal, or Less Spaces About Electrical Equipment. (A) Working Space. (3) Height of Working Space. 014 NEC 017 NEC ** Part II Volts, Nominal, or Less Spaces About Electrical Equipment. (A) Working Space. (3) Height of Working Space Exception No. 3: On Battery systems mounted on open racks, the top clearance shall comply with (D). (4) Limited Access. Where equipment operating at 1000 volts, nominal, or less to ground and likely to require examination, adjustment, servicing, or maintenance while energized is required by installation instructions or function to be located in a space with limited access, all of the following shall apply: (a) Where equipment is installed above a lay-in ceiling, there shall be an opening not smaller than 559 mm 559 mm ( in. in.), or in a crawl space, there shall be an accessible opening not smaller than 559 mm 76 mm ( in. 30 in.). (b) The width of the working space shall be the width of the equipment enclosure or a minimum of 76 mm (30 in.), whichever is greater. (c) All enclosure doors or hinged panels shall be capable of opening a minimum of 90 degrees. (d) The space in front of the enclosure shall comply with the depth requirements of Table 110.6(A)(1). The maximum height of the working space shall be the height necessary to install the equipment in the limited space. A horizontal ceiling structural member or access panel shall be permitted in this space. **Table 110.6(A)(1) Working Spaces omitted. Revised Section and Table to upper level of circuit voltages covered (1000 V) and rounded numbers for the metric dimensions. Added a new exception for batteries, refering Section (D). Provided new criteria for installation of equipment in a space with limited access. II. 600 Volts, Nominal, or Less Spaces About Electrical Equipment. (A) Working Space (3) Height of Working Space. (Continued) III. Over 600 Volts, Nominal Work Space and Grounding III. Over 600 Volts, Nominal I. General Provisions Identification for Branch Circuits. (C) Identification of Ungrounded Conductors (1) Branch Circuits Supplied from More Than One Nominal Voltage System. (b) Posting of Identification Means. (5) Separation from High-Voltage Equipment. Where switches, cutouts, or other Added criteria for separation of equipment operating at voltages 1000 V or less from equipment operating at 1000 volts, nominal, or less are installed in a vault, room, or enclosure High-Voltage equipment. where there are exposed live parts or exposed wiring operating over 1000 volts, nominal, the high-voltage equipment shall be effectively separated from the space occupied by the lowvoltage equipment by a suitable partition, fence, or screen. Part III. Over 1000 Volts, Nominal Work Space and Grounding Part III. Over 1000 Volts, Nominal Inspections and Tests. (A) Pre-energization and Operating Tests. Where required elsewhere in this Code, the complete electrical system design, including settings for protective, switching, and control circuits, shall be prepared in advance and made available on request to the authority having jurisdiction and shall be tested when first installed on-site. (B) Test Report. A test report covering the results of the tests required in (A) shall be available to the authority having jurisdiction prior to energization and made available to those authorized to install, operate, test, and maintain the system. Article 10 Branch Circuits I. General Provisions Identification for Branch Circuits. (C) Identification of Ungrounded Conductors (1) Branch Circuits Supplied from More Than One Nominal Voltage System. (b) Posting of Identification Means. The label shall be of sufficient durability to withstand the environment involved and shall not be handwritten. Exception: In existing installations where a voltage system(s) already exists and a different voltage system is being added, it shall be permissible to mark only the new system voltage. Existing unidentified systems shall not be required to be identified at each termination, connection, and splice point in compliance with 10.5(C)(1)(a) and (b). Labeling shall be required at each voltage system distribution equipment to identify that only one voltage system has been marked for a new system(s). The new system label(s) shall include the words other unidentified systems exist on the premises. Revised the voltage threshold from 600 V to 1000 V to correlate with the changes in section and revisions introduced in 014 edition of the code. A new section requires pre-energization testing. The testing could include performance and safety testing. The new requirement is incorporated in Part III of Article 110 and correlates with the inspection and testing requirements contained in other NEC rules such as those in Article 5 and others. Added a new requirement that the labels identifying branch circuits on premises, fed from more than one nominal voltage system, shall be durable and shall not be handwritten. Included a new exception limiting the requirement for labeling systems with different voltages to the new systems being added. Page 13 of 60

15 NFPA edition vs 017 edition I. General Provisions Identification for Branch Circuits. () Branch Circuits Supplied from Direct-Current Systems. (a) Positive Polarity, Sizes 6 AWG or Smaller. (b) Negative Polarity, Sizes 6 AWG or Smaller 014 NEC 017 NEC 10.8 Ground-Fault Circuit-Interrupter Protection for Personnel. (B) Other Than Dwelling Units. All 15-volt, singlephase, 15- and 0-ampere receptacles installed in the locations specified in 10.8(B)(1) through (8) shall have ground-fault circuit-interrupter protection for personnel. (1) Bathrooms () Kitchens (3) Rooftops (4) Outdoors Exception No. 1 to (3): Receptacles on rooftops shall not be required to be readily accessible other than from the rooftop. Exception No. to (3) and (4): Receptacles that are not readily accessible and are supplied by a branch circuit dedicated to electric snow-melting, deicing, or pipeline and vessel heating equipment shall be permitted to be installed in accordance with 46.8 or 47., as applicable. Part I. General Provisions Identification for Branch Circuits. () Branch Circuits Supplied from Direct-Current Systems. (a) Positive Polarity, Sizes 6 AWG or Smaller. (4) An approved permanent marking means such as sleeving or shrink-tubing that is suitable for the conductor size, at all termination, connection, and splice points, with imprinted plus signs (+) or the word POSITIVE or POS durably marked on insulation of a color other than green, white, gray, or black (b) Negative Polarity, Sizes 6 AWG or Smaller (4) An approved permanent marking means such as sleeving or shrink-tubing that is suitable for the conductor size, at all termination, connection, and splice points, with imprinted minus signs ( ) or the word NEGATIVE or NEG durably marked on insulation of a color other than green, white, gray, or red Ground-Fault Circuit-Interrupter Protection for Personnel. (B) Other Than Dwelling Units. All single-phase receptacles rated 150 volts to ground or less, 50 amperes or less and three- phase receptacles rated 150 volts to ground or less, 100 amperes or less installed in the following locations shall have ground-fault circuit-interrupter protection for personnel. (1) Bathrooms () Kitchens (3) Rooftops Exception: Receptacles on rooftops shall not be required to be readily accessible other than from the rooftop. (4) Outdoors Exception No. 1 to (3) and (4): Receptacles that are not readily accessible and are supplied by a branch circuit dedicated to electric snow- melting, deicing, or pipeline and vessel heating equipment shall be permitted to be installed in accordance with 46.8 or 47., as applicable. An additional list item is added to the identification means of positive and negative polarity conductors. This addition supports the re-use of branch conductors for dc applications. The requirements in this section have been expanded to recognize the fact that the shock hazard is not limited to 15 and 0 A single phase 15 V circuits, and expanded the requirement to 150 volt, 50 A or less single-phase and 150 V to ground, 100 A or less, three-phase Ground-Fault Circuit-Interrupter Protection for Personnel. (B) Other Than Dwelling Units (5) Sinks where receptacles are installed within 1.8 m (6 ft) of the outside edge of the sink (5) Sinks where receptacles are installed within 1.8 m (6 ft) from the top inside edge of the bowl of the sink (9) Crawl spaces at or below grade level (10) Unfinished portions or areas of the basement not intended as habitable rooms. Provided more specific definition of the distance from the sink and added crawl spaces and basements to require GFCI type receptacles for personnel protection Ground-Fault Circuit-Interrupter Protection for Personnel. 15. Minimum Rating and Size. (A) Feeders Not More Than 600 Volts. (1) General. Feeder conductors shall have an ampacity not less than required to supply the load as calculated in Parts III, IV, and V of Article 0. Conductors shall be sized to carry not less than the larger of 15.(A)(1)(a) or (b). (a) Where a feeder supplies continuous loads or any combination of continuous and noncontinuous loads, the minimum feeder conductor size shall have an allowable ampacity not less than the noncontinuous load plus 15 percent of the continuous load. (b) The minimum feeder conductor size shall have an allowable ampacity not less than the maximum load to be served after the application of any adjustment or correction factors Ground-Fault Circuit-Interrupter Protection for Personnel. (E) Crawl Space Lighting Outlets. GFCI protection shall be provided for lighting outlets not exceeding 10 volts installed in crawl spaces. Article 15 Feeders 15. Minimum Rating and Size. (A) Feeders Not More Than 600 Volts. (1) General. Exception No. : Where a portion of a feeder is connected at both its supply and load ends to separately installed pressure onnections as covered in (C)(), it shall be permitted to have an allowable ampacity not less than the sum of the continuous load plus the noncontinuous load. No portion of a feeder installed under the provisions of this exception shall extend into an enclosure containing either the feeder supply or the feeder load terminations, as covered in (C)(1). Added GFCI protection requirement for crawl space lighting outlets. A new Exception is added that allows for intermediate feeder segments that are only limited by the ampacity parameters that apply over the length of the run and that do not involve usual termination limitations. This type of provision is technically appropriate and had been done in the past, but has been inadvertently prohibited due to the recent restructuring of the usual requirements. The exception also includes language excluding feeder segments that use this allowance from entering the source and destination enclosures. In this way the exception precludes the installation of the conductor length calculated under normal procedures that would otherwise evade the equipment termination requirements of the rule under the exception. Page 14 of 60

16 15.1 Identification for Feeders. (C) Identification of Ungrounded Conductors. () Feeders Supplied from Direct-Current Systems. IV. Optional Feeder and Service Load Calculations 0.87 Determining Existing Loads. (1) The maximum demand data is available for a 1-year period. 014 NEC 017 NEC Exception: If the maximum demand data for a 1-year period is not available, the calculated load shall be permitted to be based on the maximum demand (measure of average power demand over a 15-minute period) continuously recorded over a minimum 30-day period using a recording ammeter or power meter connected to the highest loaded phase of the feeder or service, based on the initial loading at the start of the recording. The recording shall reflect the maximum demand of the feeder or service by being taken when the building or space is occupied and shall include by measurement or calculation the larger of the heating or cooling equipment load, and other loads that may be periodic in nature due to seasonal or similar conditions. NFPA edition vs 017 edition 15.1 Identification for Feeders. (C) Identification of Ungrounded Conductors. () Feeders Supplied from Direct-Current Systems. (4) An approved permanent marking means such as sleeving or shrink-tubing that is suitable for the conductor size, at all termination, connection, and splice points, with imprinted plus signs (+) or the word POSITIVE or POS durably marked on insulation of a color other than green, white, gray, or black. Article 0 Branch-Circuit, Feeder, and Service Load Calculations Part IV. Optional Feeder and Service Load Calculations 0.87 Determining Existing Loads (1) The maximum demand data is available for a 1-year period. Exception: If the maximum demand data for a 1-year period is not available, the calculated load shall be permitted to be based on the maximum demand (the highest average kilowatts reached and maintained for a 15-minute interval) continuously recorded over a minimum 30-day period using a recording ammeter or power meter connected to the highest loaded phase of the feeder or service, based on the initial loading at the start of the recording. The recording shall reflect the maximum demand of the feeder or service by being taken when the building or space is occupied and shall include by measure ment or calculation the larger of the heating or cooling equipment load, and other loads that may be periodic in nature due to seasonal or similar conditions. A list item has been added to the identification means of positive and negative polarity conductors. This addition supports the re-use of feeder conductors for DC applications. The added text will improve clarity and understanding of the term maximum demand. 1 II. Overhead Service Conductors 30.9 Supports over Buildings. Service conductors passing over a roof shall be securely supported by substantial structures. Where practicable, such supports shall be independent of the building. VII. Service Equipment Overcurrent Protection Location. The service overcurrent device shall be an integral part of the service disconnecting means or shall be located immediately adjacent thereto. VII. Service Equipment Overcurrent Protection Ground-Fault Protection of Equipment. (C) Performance Testing. The ground-fault protection system shall be performance tested when first installed on site. The test shall be conducted in accordance with instructions that shall be provided with the equipment. A written record of this test shall be made and shall be available to the authority having jurisdiction. Part II. Location. Part II. Location Location in or on Premises. (A) Accessibility. Overcurrent devices shall be readily accessible and shall be installed so that the center of the grip of the operating handle of the switch or circuit breaker, when in its highest position, is not more than.0 m (6 ft 7 in.) above the floor or working platform, unless one of the following applies: (1) For busways, as provided in (C). () For supplementary overcurrent protection, as described in (3) For overcurrent devices, as described in 5.40 and (4) For overcurrent devices adjacent to utilization equipment that they supply, access shall be permitted to be by portable means. Article 30 Services Part II. Overhead Service Conductors 30.9 Supports over Buildings. Service conductors passing over a roof shall be securely supported by substantial structures. For a grounded system, where the substantial structure is metal, it shall be bonded by means of a bonding jumper and listed connector to the grounded overhead service conductor. Where practicable, such supports shall be independent of the building. Part VII. Service Equipment Overcurrent Protection Location. The service overcurrent device shall be an integral part of the service disconnecting means or shall be located immediately adjacent thereto. Where fuses are used as the service overcurrent device, the disconnecting means shall be located ahead of the supply side of the fuses. Part VII. Service Equipment Overcurrent Protection Ground-Fault Protection of Equipment. (C) Performance Testing. The ground-fault protection system shall be performance tested when first installed on site. This testing shall be conducted by a qualified person(s) using a test process of primary current injection, in accordance with instructions that shall be provided with the equipment. A written record of this testing shall be made and shall be available to the authority having jurisdiction. Article 40 Overcurrent Protection 40.4 Location in or on Premises. (A) Accessibility. Switches containing fuses and circuit breakers shall be readily accessible and installed so that the center of the grip of the operating handle of the switch or circuit breaker, when in its highest position, is not more than.0 m (6 ft 7 in.) above the floor or working platform, unless one of the following applies: (1) For busways, as provided in (C). () For supplementary overcurrent protection, as described in (3) For overcurrent devices, as described in 5.40 and (4) For overcurrent devices adjacent to utilization equipment that they supply, access shall be permitted to be by portable means. Exception: The use of a tool shall be permitted to access overcurrent devices located within listed industrial control panels or similar enclosures. New wording adds requirement for metal structures that are mounted on or adjacent to buildings and that are used to support energized conductors to be adequately bonded to limit shock hazards. This new requirement will enhance safety as it will allow the de-energizing of fuses or other overcurrent devices for testing and servicing. This test system provides more adequate functionality testing of the GFPE device. This also clarifies that the testing must be conducted by qualified person(s). The first sentence has been revised and an exception added to clarify the requirement. This is necessary because of the change to the definition of Accessible, Readily in the 014 NEC. The exception clarifies that a tool (e.g., a screwdriver) is permissible to be used to open the enclosure in order to gain access to the overcurrent device. Page 15 of 60

17 NFPA edition vs 017 edition VI. Cartridge Fuses and Fuseholders. 014 NEC 017 NEC Part VI. Cartridge Fuses and Fuseholders Arc Energy Reduction. Where fuses rated 100 A or higher are installed, 40.67(A) and (B) shall apply. This requirement shall become effective January 1, 00. (A) Documentation. Documentation shall be available to those authorized to design, install, operate, or inspect the installation as to the location of the fuses. (B) Method to Reduce Clearing Time. A fuse shall have a clearing time of 0.07 seconds or less at the available arcing current, or one of the following shall be provided: (1) Differential relaying () Energy-reducing maintenance switching with local status indicator (3) Energy-reducing active arc flash mitigation system (4) An approved equivalent means A new requirement has been added (effective 1/1/00) for fuses rated 100 A and above to ensure reduction in arc flash incident energy. It is based on similar requirements for circuit breakers in Section The delay in the effective date for this requirement is needed to ensure the electrical industry can respond with feasible solutions, available from multiple manufacturers, to meet this requirement. VII. Circuit Breakers Arc Energy Reduction. Where the highest continuous current trip setting for which the actual overcurrent device Part VII. Circuit Breakers Arc Energy Reduction. (B) Method to Reduce Clearing Time. One of the following means shall be provided: installed in a circuit breaker is rated or can be ad justed is 100 A or higher, 40.87(A) and (B) (1) Zone-selective interlocking shall apply. () Differential relaying (A) Documentation. Documentation shall be available to those authorized to design, install, operate, or inspect the installation as to the location of the circuit breaker(s). (3) (4) Energy-reducing maintenance switching with local status indicator Energy-reducing active arc flash mitigation system (B) Method to Reduce Clearing Time. One of the following or approved equivalent means shall be provided: (1) Zone-selective interlocking () Differential relaying (3) Energy-reducing maintenance switching with local status indicator (4) Energy-reducing active arc flash mitigation system (5) An approved equivalent means (5) An instantaneous trip setting that is less than the available arcing current (6) An instantaneous override that is less than the available arcing current (7) An approved equivalent means This revision added new list items (5) and (6) for clarity and usability. These new list items will now clearly describe specific permitted methods of achieving the arc energy reduction required in this section. Part II. System Grounding. 50. Circuits Not to Be Grounded. II. System Grounding Grounding Separately Derived Alternating- Current Systems. (A) Grounded Systems. (1) System Bonding Jumper. Exception No. : If a building or structure is supplied by a feeder from an outdoor Article 50 Grounding and Bonding Part II. System Grounding. 50. Circuits Not to Be Grounded. (6) Class load side circuits for suspended ceiling low-voltage power grid distribution systems as provided in (B) Part II. System Grounding Grounding Separately Derived Alternating-Current Systems. (A) Grounded Systems. (1) System Bonding Jumper Exception No. : If a building or structure is supplied by a feeder from an outdoor separately transformer, a system bonding jumper at both the source and the first disconnecting means shall derived system, a system bonding jumper at both the source and the first disconnect-ing means be permitted if doing so does not establish a parallel path for the grounded conductor. If a shall be permitted if doing so does not establish a parallel path for the grounded conductor. If a grounded conductor is used in this manner, it shall not be smaller than the size specified for the grounded conductor is used in this manner, it shall not be smaller than the size specified for the system bonding jumper but shall not be required to be larger than the ungrounded system bonding jumper but shall not be required to be larger than the ungrounded conductor(s). For the purposes of this exception, connection through the earth shall not be conductor(s). For the purposes of this exception, connection through the earth shall not be considered as providing a parallel path. considered as providing a parallel path. (4) Grounding Electrode. The grounding electrode shall be as near as practicable to, and preferably in the same area as, the grounding electrode conductor connection to the system. The grounding electrode shall be the nearest of one of the following: (1) Metal water pipe grounding electrode as specified in 50.5(A)(1) () Structural metal grounding electrode as specified in 50.5(A)() Exception No. 1: Any of the other electrodes identified in 50.5(A) shall be used if the electrodes specified by 50.30(A)(4) are not available. Exception No. to (1) and (): If a separately derived system originates in listed equipment suitable for use as service equipment, the grounding electrode used for the service or feeder equipment shall be permitted as the grounding electrode for the separately derived system. The change is made to align with Section The change clarified that the requirement applies not only to transformers but to all separately derived systems. (4) Grounding Electrode. The building or structure grounding electrode system shall be used as the grounding electrode for the separately derived system. If located outdoors, the grounding electrode shall be in accordance with 50.30(C). Exception: If a separately derived system originates in equipment that is listed and identified as suitable for use as service equipment, the grounding electrode used for the service or feeder equipment shall be permitted to be used as the grounding electrode for the separately derived system. These revisions better describe a grounding electrode and include the conductors that are suitable to extend the grounding electrode connection. The revisions to this section recognize the water pipe and the structural metal frame as covered in 50.68(C) that are being used are not grounding electrodes but rather are conductors extending the grounding electrode connection. The revised text allowed exception No. 1 to be deleted as those options are covered by the referenced sections. correct. 1 Page 16 of 60

18 NFPA edition vs 017 edition 014 NEC 017 NEC III. Grounding Electrode System and Grounding Electrode Conductor Grounding Electrode Conductor Installation. (B) Securing and Protection Against Physical Damage. Where exposed, a grounding electrode conductor or its enclosure shall be securely fastened to the surface on which it is carried. Grounding electrode conductors shall be permitted to be installed on or through framing members. A 4 AWG or larger copper or aluminum grounding electrode conductor shall be protected if exposed to physical damage. A 6 AWG grounding electrode conductor that is free from exposure to physical damage shall be permitted to be run along the surface of the building construction without metal covering or protection if it is securely fastened to the construction; otherwise, it shall be protected in rigid metal conduit RMC, intermediate metal conduit (IMC), rigid polyvinyl chloride conduit (PVC), reinforced thermosetting resin conduit (RTRC), electrical metallic tubing EMT, or cable armor. Grounding electrode conductors smaller than 6 AWG shall be protected in (RMC), IMC, PVC, RTRC, (EMT), or cable armor. Grounding electrode conductors and grounding electrode bonding jumpers shall not be required to comply with Grounding Electrode Conductor and Bonding Jumper Connection to Grounding Electrodes. (C) Grounding Electrode Connections. (1) Interior metal water piping located not more than 1.5 m (5 ft) from the point of entrance to the building shall be permitted to be used as a conductor to interconnect electrodes that are part of the grounding electrode system. () The metal structural frame of a building shall be permitted to be used as a conductor to interconnect electrodes that are part of the grounding electrode system, or as a grounding electrode conductor. Part III. Grounding Electrode System and Grounding Electrode Conductor Grounding Electrode Conductor Installation. (B) Securing and Protection Against Physical Damage. (3) Smaller Than 6 AWG. Grounding electrode conductors smaller than 6 AWG shall be protected in RMC, IMC, PVC, RTRC-XW, EMT, or cable armor. (4) In Contact with the Earth. Grounding electrode conductors and grounding B46electrode bonding jumpers in contact with the earth shall not be required to comply with 300.5, but shall be buried or otherwise protected if subject to physical damage Grounding Electrode Conduct r and Bonding Jumper Connection to Grounding Electrodes. (C) Grounding Electrode Conductor Connections. (1) Interior metal water piping that is electrically continuous with a metal underground water pipe electrode and is located not more than 1.5 m (5 ft) from the point of entrance to the building shall be permitted to extend the connection to an electrode(s). Interior metal water piping located more than 1.5 m (5 ft) from the point of entrance to the building shall not be used as a conductor to interconnect electrodes of the grounding electrode system. () The metal structural frame of a building shall be permitted to be used as a conductor to interconnect electrodes that are part of the grounding electrode system or as a grounding electrode conductor. Hold-down bolts securing the structural steel column that are connected to a concrete-encased electrode that complies with 50.5(A)(3) and is located in the support footing or foundation shall be permitted to connect the metal structural frame of a building or structure to the concrete encased grounding electrode. The hold-down bolts shall be connected to the concrete-encased electrode by weld ing, exothermic welding, the usual steel tie wires, or other approved means. The long paragraph was revised to list format for better usability. The statement in new list item (1) about being secured to the building surface was removed as it is redundant with the charging text. The protection methods that were provided for 6 AWG conductors were extended to include 6 AWG and larger conductors. Other editorial changes were made for clarity. Revised text was added to provide for burial of grounding electrode conductors. The revised text simplifies the statement of a location and the requirement that the connection for the grounding electrode conductor or the bonding jumpers used to interconnect electrodes shall be to interior metal water piping not extending more than five feet into the building. The text added to 50.68(C)() is being relocated from 50.5(A)() as it is no longer appropriate for that section but adds clarity to this section and should be preserved as a permitted connection method. 1 (3) A concrete-encased electrode of either the conductor type, reinforcing rod or bar installed in accordance with 50.5(A)(3) extended from its location within the concrete to an accessible location above the concrete shall be permitted. IV. Enclosure, Raceway, and Service Cable Connections Other Conductor Enclosures and Raceways. Exception No. 3: A metal elbow shall not be required to be connected to the equipment grounding conductor where it is installed in a run of nonmetallic raceway and is isolated from possible contact by a minimum cover of 450 mm (18 in.) to any part of the elbow or is encased in not less than 50 mm ( in.) of concrete. (3) A rebar-type concrete-encased electrode installed in accordance with 50.5(A)(3) with an Revised the text to remove redundant language already covered in 50.5(A)(3). The text additional rebar section extended from its location within the concrete to an accessible location was revised to apply to the rebar or rod type of concrete encased electrodes as intended that is not subject to corrosion shall be permitted for connection of grounding electrode and to provide additional requirements to be installed in such a manner to prevent any conductors and bonding jumpers. The rebar extension shall not be exposed to contact with corrosion due to contact with the earth. the earth without corrosion protection. Part IV. Enclosure, Raceway, and Service Cable Connections Other Conductor Enclosures and Raceways. Exception No. 3: Metal components shall not be required to be connected to the equipment grounding conductor or supply-side bonding jumper where either of the following conditions exist: (1) The metal components are installed in a run of nonmetallic race way(s) and isolated from possible contact by a minimum cover of 450 mm (18 in.) to any part of the metal components. () The metal components are part of an installation of nonmetallic raceway(s) and are isolated from possible contact to any part of the metal components by being encased in not less than 50 mm ( in.) of concrete. The phrase "metal components" was added to each subdivision. Isolated sections of metal conduit that meet the requirements of this section are considered to be metal components. The exception was converted to a list to improve usability. Page 17 of 60

19 NFPA edition vs 017 edition V. Bonding Bonding for Communication Systems. 014 NEC 017 NEC Grounded Conductor, Bonding Conductors, and Jumpers. (A) Material. Bonding jumpers shall be of copper or other corrosion-resistant material. A bonding jumper shall be a wire, bus, screw, or similar suitable conductor. VI. Equipment Grounding and Equipment Grounding Conductors Types of Equipment Grounding Conductors. (5) Listed flexible metal conduit meeting all the following conditions: c. The combined length of flexible metal conduit and flexible metallic tubing and liquidtight flexible metal conduit in the same ground-fault current path does not exceed 1.8 m (6 ft) Identification of Equipment Grounding Conductors. (C) Flexible Cord. An uninsulated equipment grounding conductor shall be permitted, but, if individually covered, the covering shall have a continuous outer finish that is either green or green with one or more yellow stripes. Part V. Bonding Bonding for Communication Systems. (B) Other Means. Connections to an aluminum or copper busbar not less than 6 mm thick 50 mm wide (1 4 in. thick in. wide) and of sufficient length to accommodate at least three terminations for communication systems in addition to other connections. The busbar shall be securely fastened and shall be installed in an accessible location. Connections shall be made by a listed connector. If aluminum busbars are used, the installation shall also comply with 50.64(A). The alternate connection option allows connections to be made on a common bus bar with other bonding jumpers. This method is often used in commercial or multifamily mixed use buildings Grounded Conductor, Bonding Conductors, and Jumpers. (A) Material. Bonding jumpers shall be of copper, aluminum, copper-clad aluminum, or other Added aluminum, copper-clad aluminum to the list of material types acceptable for use corrosion-resistant material. A bonding jumper shall be a wire, bus, screw, or similar suitable as grounded and bonding conductors, and jumpers. This is consisten with other conductor. sections of this code which allow this type of material for GEC or EGC. Part VI. Equipment Grounding and Equipment Grounding Conductors Types of Equipment Grounding Conductors. (5) Listed flexible metal conduit meeting all the following conditions: c. The size of the conduit does not exceed metric designator 35 (trade size 1¼) Identification of Equipment Grounding Conductors. (C) Flexible Cord. Equipment grounding conductors in flexible cords shall be insulated and shall have a continuous outer finish that is either green or green with one or more yellow stripes Size of Equipment Grounding Conductors 50.1 Size of Equipment Grounding Conductors. (F) Conductors in Parallel. Where conductors are installed in parallel in multiple raceways or (F) Conductors in Parallel. cables as permitted in (H), the equipment grounding conductors, where (1) Conductor Installations in Raceways, Auxiliary Gutters, or Cable Trays. used, shall be installed in parallel in each raceway or cable. Where conductors are installed in parallel in the same raceway, cable, or cable tray as permitted in (H), a single equipment grounding conductor shall be permitted. Equipment grounding conductors installed in cable tray shall meet the minimum requirements of 39.10(B)(1)(c). Each equipment grounding conductor shall be sized in compliance with (Continued) (a) Single Raceway or Cable Tray. If conductors are installed in parallel in the same raceway or cable tray, a single wire- type conductor shall be permitted as the equipment grounding conductor. The wire-type equipment grounding conductor shall be sized in accordance with 50.1, based on the over current protective device for the feeder or branch circuit. Wiretype equipment grounding conductors installed in cable trays shall meet the minimum requirements of 39.10(B)(1)(c). Metal raceways or auxiliary gutters in accordance with or cable trays complying with 39.60(B) shall be permitted as the equipment grounding conductor. (b) Multiple Raceways. If conductors are installed in parallel in multiple raceways, wire-type equipment grounding conductors, where used, shall be installed in parallel in each raceway. The equipment grounding conductor installed in each raceway shall be sized in compliance with 50.1 based on the overcurrent protective device for the feeder or branch circuit. Metal raceways or auxiliary gutters in accordance with or cable trays complying with 39.60(B) shall be permitted as the equipment grounding conductor. () Multiconductor Cables. (a) If multiconductor cables are installed in parallel, the equipment grounding conductor(s) in each cable shall be connected in parallel. (b) If multiconductor cables are installed in parallel in the same raceway, auxiliary gutter, or cable tray, a single equipment grounding conductor that is sized in accordance with 50.1 shall be permitted in combination with the equipment grounding conductors provided within the multiconductor cables and shall all be connected together. (c) Equipment grounding conductors installed in cable trays shall meet the minimum requirements of 39.10(B)(1)(c). Cable trays complying with 39.60(B), metal raceways in accordance with , or auxiliary gutters shall be permitted as the equipment grounding conductor. (d) Except as provided in 50.1(F)()(b) for raceway or cable tray installations, the equipment grounding conductor in each multiconductor cable shall be sized in accordance with 50.1 based on the overcurrent protective device for the feeder or branch circuit. Statement: The UL listing for equipment grounding of Flexible Metal Conduit and the associated fittings have only been listed up to the metric designator 35 (Trade size 1 1/4 ) for a number of years, see UL category code DXUZ. The revision to (C) aligns the language to the lan-guage found in the standard for flexible cords, UL 6 paragraph The revised text separates individual conductors installed in raceways or cable tray from multiconductor cables. The requirements are further separated for single or multiple raceways. The revisions also recognize where standard multiconductor cables are installed in a raceway or cable tray that is either suitable as the equipment grounding conductor or where a fully sized wire type equipment grounding conductor is provided in the raceway or cable tray, the standard multiconductor cable is to be permitted even though the internal equipment grounding conductors may be sized less than Table Safety is maintained by the full sized equipment grounding conductor of the raceway or cable tray being present. No negative entry. Page 18 of 60