Overview of current Leak Detection Research at C-FER Technologies
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1 Overview of current Leak Detection Research at C-FER Technologies ISA Oil Pipeline Leak Detection Meeting Chris Apps C-FER Technologies 27 February, 2017 Calgary, AB 1
2 Agenda Introduction to C-FER Technologies (brief) Motivation for Leak Detection Research In-ground Leak Detection Airbourne Leak Detection JIP Oil-on-Water Leak Detection 2
3 C-FER Technologies Independent engineering consulting and testing Not-for-Profit subsidiary of Alberta Government Self-sustaining, fee-for-service operation
4 Simulating Field Conditions Pressure Environment Temperature
5 Leak Detection Research Motivation Enhance leak detection for small releases (<1% of flow) where current CPM technologies are weakest C-FER research focus External leak detection (ELD) systems Small releases
6 Research Projects In-ground leak detection Airbourne leak detection Oil-on-Water leak detection
7 In-ground Leak Detection Objective Experimentally evaluate performance of a range of commercial ELD technologies for continuous in-ground monitoring of buried hydrocarbon liquid pipelines Focus Distributed sensing systems buried on/near pipe Distributed Temperature Sensing(fiber optic cables) Distributed Acoustic Sensing(fiber optic cables) Hydrocarbon liquid sensing (electrical cables) Hydrocarbon vapour sensing (permeable tubes) Participation JIP on-going (Enbridge Pipelines, TransCanada Pipelines, Kinder Morgan Canada) 7
8 Technology Overview (DTS) Distributed Temperature Sensing (DTS) Uses fiber optic cable Uses backscattered light to measure temperature along the length of the cable Brillouin or Raman bands are used 8
9 Technology Overview (DAS) Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) Also Uses fiber optic cable Uses backscattered light to measure acoustics along the length of the cable Rayleigh band is used 9
10 Technology Overview (HSC) Hydrocarbon Sensing Cable (HSC) Proprietary Cable Cables electrical properties are affected when they come into contact with hydrocarbons 10
11 Technology Overview (VST) Vapour Sensing Tube (VST) Proprietary Tube Tube is permeable to hydrocarbon vapours Periodically purged and run past a gas sensor Leaks are located using the time it takes for the higher concentrations to reach the analyzer 11
12 Experimental Design Considerations Simulate leaks under real world operating conditions Realistic soil conditions and sensor placement configurations Realistic temperature differentials between oil and soil Realistic release events (pressures, hole sizes and orientations) Facilitate unbiased evaluation of ELD technologies Matching conditions for competing technologies Provisions to ensure blind testing from vendor perspective Ensure safe handling and disposal of hydrocarbons Apparatus to accommodate full range of LVP hydrocarbon liquids Near-term focus on diluted bitumen (dilbit) 12
13 Test Apparatus External Leak Detection Experimental Research (ELDER) Apparatus Retractable Enclosure Soil Containment Tank High Pressure Product Discharge Vessel Pump Skid with Acoustic Enclosure and Base Isolation System Catalytic Oxidizer Product Filter and Circulation Piping, Discharge Piping, Vessel Pressurization Systems, Control Valves, Pressure Regulators and Flow Meter Not Shown Test Pipe with Release Ports Spill Containment Berm Product Storage Vessel 13
14 Test Preparation 2016 Pipeline Safety Trust Conference 14
15 In-ground Leak Detection JIP Status Phase 1 (completed): evaluate and compare system performance (i.e. probability of detection and time to detect) as a function of release parameters and sensor cable position in a single representative soil environment Phase 2 (ongoing): further explore system performance (including systematic evaluation of detection floor) for selected technologies in two distinct soil environments Phase 3: TBD based on level of interest and support Other opportunities ELDER apparatus available for work outside JIP 15
16 Airborne Leak Detection Objective Evaluate performance capabilities of selected commercial ELD technologies for periodic above-ground monitoring of buried hydrocarbon liquid pipelines Focus Development of analytical models for key phenomena Hydrocarbon liquid migration through soil Hydrocarbon vapour (VOC) migration through soil Hydrocarbon vapour (VOC) dispersion in atmosphere Evaluation of point sensing systems intended for airborne deployment Atmospheric VOC sensing (light absorption sensing or flame ionization detection) Ground temperature sensing (thermal imaging) Participation JIP on-going (Enbridge Pipelines, TransCanada Pipelines, Kinder Morgan Canada) 16
17 Release Modeling Magnitudes of temperature change and vapour flux at surface Dominant species of gases generated by subsurface leaks Vapour concentrations above ground surface Temperature change Vapour flux Atmospheric vapour concentration 17
18 Added Flux Chambers to the soil surface to validate Models Took Air Samples during a test and analyzed the concentrations of various species of hydrocarbons The results were compared to the modelling. Vapour Flux using ELDER 18
19 Field Trials Example VOC Detection Systems 19
20 Airborne Leak Detection JIP Status Phase 1 (completed): develop and exercise models for subsurface liquid & vapour migration, atmospheric vapour dispersion and ground temperature changes resulting from subsurface releases Phase 2 (ongoing): evaluate detection capability of selected atmospheric vapour sensing and ground temperature monitoring systems through field trials involving controlled gas releases from surface and selective ground heating Phase 3: TBD based on level of interest and support Expanded field trails more technologies deployed on more realistic platforms Generate vapour flux & thermal gradients from actual subsurface liquid releases 20
21 On-water Leak Detection Objective Experimentally evaluate performance of selected commercial ELD technologies for continuous monitoring of hydrocarbon liquid releases into fresh water environments Focus Point sensing systems intended for deployment on/above water surface Electromagnetic field (EMF) sensing Hydrocarbon florescence sensing Hydrocarbon liquid contact sensing Range of hydrocarbons Light and heavy oils, dilbit, condensate and surrogate fluid Participation Program under development 21
22 Test Apparatus Configuration for Phase 1 - idealized lab-scale testing 22
23 On-water Leak Detection Program Status Phase 1 (solicitation pending): evaluate detection capability of selected systems through idealized lab-scale tests involving incremental and continuous releases of a range of hydrocarbon liquids Phase 2: TBD based on level of interest and support More realistic lab-scale testing (e.g. moving water, surface waves, wind and precipitation) 23
24 Advancing Engineering Chris Apps Frontiers
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