LECETURE 2. Performance Characteristics of Sensors

Transcription

1 LECETURE 2 Performance Characteristics of Sensors Prof. Dr. YU GU GU@chemie.uni-Frankfurt.de Office Room: N160/517

2 Source of the Slides: Find slides on workgroup homepage: 1. Go to < 2. Find "Principles and Applications of Sensors" there 3. Click on "1" Find slides via direct link: <

3 Input and Output Sensors Input: stimulus or measured (temperature pressure, light intensity, etc.) Output: electrical signal (voltage, current frequency, phase, etc.) Variations: output can sometimes be displacement (thermometers, piezoelectric sensors). Some sensors combine sensing and actuation

4 Input and Output Actuators Input: electrical signal (voltage, current, frequency, phase, etc.) Output: mechanical (force, pressure, displacement) or display function (dial indication, light, display, etc.)

5 A sensor is a device that converts a physical phenomenon into an electrical signal.

6 SENSORS: Convert a Signal or Stimulus into an Electrical Output TRANSDUCERS: Convert One Type of Energy into Another

7 Sensors represent part of the interface between the physical world and the world of electrical devices. The other part of this interface is represented by actuators, which convert electrical signals into physical phenomena.

8 How to choose the appropriate sensor in engineering problems?

9 Sensor Decade ye. The data sheets for many sensors are formatted just like electronic product data sheets.

10 NO international standard for sensor specifications. USER can be confusing

11 We need to understand sensor's characteristic parameters

12 Sensor Data Sheets The data sheet is primarily a marketing document. It is important to understand the function of the data sheet in order to deal with the confusing.

13 WHAT S THE PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS OF SENSOR? The characteristics of sensor are described in terms of input and output relations.

14 Sensor Performance Characteristics Transfer Function The transfer function shows the functional relationship between physical input signal and electrical output signal.

15 Sensor Performance Characteristics Sensitivity The sensitivity is defined in terms of the relationship between input physical signal and output electrical signal.

16 Sensor Performance Characteristics Sensitivity of a sensor is defined as the change in output for a given change in input, usually a unit change in input. Sensitivity represents the slope of the transfer function.

17 Sensor Performance Characteristics Span or Dynamic Range The range of input physical signals that may be converted to electrical signals by the sensor is the dynamic range or span.

18 Sensor Performance Characteristics Accuracy or Uncertainty Uncertainty is generally defined as the largest expected error between actual and ideal output signals.

19 Sensor Performance Characteristics Hysteresis Some sensors do not return to the same output value when the input stimulus is cycled up or down. Nonlinearity (often called Linearity) The maximum deviation from a linear transfer function over the specified dynamic range.

20 Sensor Performance Characteristics Resolution The resolution of a sensor is defined as the minimum detectable signal fluctuation.

21 Noise All sensors produce some output noise in addition to the output signal. In some cases, the noise of the sensor is less than the noise of the next element in the electronics, or less than the fluctuations in the physical signal, in which case it is not important. Noise is generally distributed across the frequency spectrum.

22 Sensor Performance Characteristics Bandwidth All sensors have finite response times to an instantaneous change in physical signal. The bandwidth of a sensor is the frequency range between these two frequencies.

23 Sensor Performance Characteristics Repeatability failure of the sensor to represent the same value (i.e. stimulus or input) under identical conditions when measured at different times.

24 Sensor Performance Characteristics Response time Indicates the time needed for the output to reach steady state for a step change in input.

25 Sensor Performance Characteristics Calibration The experimental determination of the transfer function of a sensor. Calibration is sometimes an operational requirement. Calibration data is usually supplied by the manufacturer. Calibration procedures must be included with the design documents.

26 Sensor Performance Characteristics Reliability A statistical measure of quality of a device which indicates the ability of the device to perform its stated function, under normal operating conditions without failure for a stated period of time or number of cycles. Given in hours, years Usually provided by the manufacturer

27 Figaro Engineering Inc. specializes in the research, development, manufacturing and marketing company of gas sensors and gas detection equipment. In 1968, Figaro Engineering Inc. became the first company in the world to develop and commercialize semiconductor gas sensors.

28 Established Capital Products and Operation Head office 18-Oct-69 JPY99 million Research, development, manufacturing and marketing of gas sensors and gas detection equipment Senbanishi, Mino, Osaka , JAPAN Map Tel: 81 (0) / Fax: 81 (0) figaro@figaro.co.jp Staffing level 220 Production capacity Net sales 1.5 million sensors per month JPY5.7 billion Naoyoshi Taguchi, the founder of the company

29 1962 Founded as a private enterprise by N. Taguchi, former chairman. Oct-68 Oct-69 Apr-80 Jun-83 Feb-86 Apr-86 May-86 Jan-90 Dec-96 Jan-04 Oct-04 Jul-07 Jun-10 Apr-11 Oct-12 Dec-14 Jan-15 Jul-16 Commenced mass-production and sales of TGS semiconductor gas sensors Foundation of Figaro Engineering Inc. Honored by the Electro Chemical Society of Japan for the development of gas sensors. Established an American Office, "Figaro USA, Inc." Business agreement with Tokuyama Soda Co. Awarded the Chemical Technology Prize by the Chemical Society of Japan for the development and commercialization of SnO2 ceramic-type gas sensor. Established a joint venture company, "Riken Figaro Electronic Co., Ltd" in Nara, Japan Established a joint venture company, "Tianjin Figaro Electronic Co., Ltd" Achieved ISO 9001 Registration Certificate No. JCQA Established a joint venture company, "Shanghai Songjiang Figaro Electronics., Ltd." in China Achieved ISO Registration Certificate No. 04ER464 Increased paid in capital to 99 million yen Honored by the Japan Gas Association for the development of carbon monoxide detectors in restaurant kitchens Riken Figaro Electronic Co., Ltd absorbed into Figaro Engineering Inc. Environmental Management System transition from ISO14001 to Figaro's own Management System. Established a new sales office, "Figaro Sensor (Shanghai) Co., Ltd." in China Figaro achieved "Supplier of the Year" award for 2014 from First Alert New Cosmos Electric Co. acquires partial ownership stake in Figaro Engineering Inc.

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35 Homework (Materials for the Seminar course) Please present the Sensor Performance Characteristics of the two kinds of sensor you chosen at the last time. You need to report them in the seminar course.

36 THANK YOU!